CN106568341B - A kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger - Google Patents
A kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106568341B CN106568341B CN201610986596.6A CN201610986596A CN106568341B CN 106568341 B CN106568341 B CN 106568341B CN 201610986596 A CN201610986596 A CN 201610986596A CN 106568341 B CN106568341 B CN 106568341B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fin
- heat
- heat exchanger
- passage
- exchanger plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/022—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being wires or pins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchangers, including cold passage heat exchanger plates, cold passage fin, passage of heat heat exchanger plates, passage of heat fin, copper sheet and power electrode.Cold passage fin and passage of heat fin on same layer are to be longitudinally continuous fin, staggeredly prepared using p-type and N-type thermoelectric material, it is connected by copper sheet adjacent fins end, two sides fin couples load circuit by the power electrode on this layer of heat exchanger plates, and the power electrode on each layer heat exchanger plates is coupled using serial or parallel connection.Heat exchanger cold passage heat exchanger plates and passage of heat heat exchanger plates are all made of metal material or ceramic material preparation, and cold passage fin and passage of heat fin can be using one or more kinds of thermoelectric material manufactures.Cold fluid is arranged with hot fluid using counterflow heat exchange is replaced.Present invention can apply to waste heat recycling and cogenerations, and the power generation temperature difference of Thermoelectric Generator can be improved, and have very high heat exchange and generation comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical field
The waste heat recycling and device for generating power by waste heat that the present invention relates to a kind of based on thermoelectric material, in particular to one kind is in energy
The power generation heat exchanger of plate-fin heat used in the fields such as source, chemical industry, metallurgy and automobile.
Background technique
The waste heat recycling and power generator that thermoelectric material is used in combination with heat exchanger are in the energy, chemical industry, metallurgy and automobile
Equal fields have a kind of inexpensive waste heat recovering energy conserving equipment of wide application prospect, but its inefficient conversion efficiency of thermoelectric limits
Make a wide range of popularization of the device.
Business Thermoelectric Generator is often placed in high-temperature heat-exchanging for traditional thermoelectric material power generator and low temperature changes
In hot device interlayer, there are some defects for this structure.On the one hand, the thermal coefficient very little of thermoelectric material, while there are also contact heat
The influence of resistance, the heat exchange efficiency that this will lead to thermoelectric material power generator is not high, and the heat exchanger with no Thermoelectric Generator changes
Poor thermal efficiency is away from larger；On the other hand, with the reduction of high and low temperature heat exchanger temperature difference, the temperature at Thermoelectric Generator both ends
Difference reduces therewith, and generating efficiency is caused to be greatly lowered.There are many scholars to propose novel thermoelectric power generation heat-exchanger rig both at home and abroad, such as
Tokyo Institute of Technology Tada et al. proposes a kind of novel porous thermoelectric structure, uses high temperature heat convection to replace heat transfer to tie up
Hold the generation mode of the temperature difference, but there is also some problems for the program: 1. the forced convection heat transfer of porous structure can generate biggish
Flow resistance maintains pump work consumed by flowing to counteract most of system generated energy；2. the machinability of porous thermoelectric material
Poor, the manufacturing cost than the simple structures thermoelectric material such as traditional cuboid, rodlike is much higher.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, the purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger, the heat exchange
The fin of device is prepared using thermoelectric material, and using fin structure is longitudinally continuous, maintains the thermoelectricity fin temperature difference by forced convertion,
This mode can significantly improve the thermoelectric power generation temperature difference, be also fully utilized by longitudinal thermally conductive, will greatly improve energy utilization efficiency.
For cold and hot fluid using alternately counterflow heat exchange arrangement, thermoelectricity fin specific area is big, with the high advantage of compactness, the novel heat exchange
Device has very high heat exchange and generation comprehensive performance.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
Cold passage fin and passage of heat fin are all made of thermoelectric material manufacture, adjacent cold passage fin and adjacent passage of heat wing
The both ends of piece connect power electrode by copper sheet coupled in series on cold passage heat exchanger plates and passage of heat heat exchanger plates, power electrode with
The connection of heat exchanger plates inner fin.
Power electrode between cold passage heat exchanger plates and passage of heat heat exchanger plates drives load circuit using serial or parallel connection method.
Cold passage fin and passage of heat fin on same layer staggeredly use p-type and N-type thermoelectric material to prepare, single fin
It is one or more thermoelectric material manufactures.
Cold passage fin and passage of heat fin, which use, to be longitudinally continuous plain fin, is longitudinally continuous herringbone wavy fin or longitudinal direction
Continuous S type fin.
Cold passage heat exchanger plates and passage of heat heat exchanger plates are all made of metal material or ceramic material preparation.
The invention has the following advantages that
1, the present invention can overcome the problems, such as that the heat exchange efficiency of conventional thermoelectric materials power generator is low, can be applied to the energy,
The fields such as chemical industry, metallurgy and automobile；
2, the present invention can significantly improve the thermoelectric material power generation temperature difference and generating efficiency；
3, the compactedness of heat-exchanger rig can be improved in the present invention, reduces flow resistance loss；
4, the present invention can reduce the manufacturing cost of thermoelectric material power generation heat-exchanger rig.
The present invention improves porous type thermoelectric structure, will be hot in conjunction with compact high temperature printed circuit sheet heat exchanger
Electric material is designed to high temperature channel fin and low temperature path fin, improves the power generation temperature difference and generating efficiency using heat convection, together
When this structure can increase heat exchange area, improve the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger, and reduce flow resistance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of plate-fin heat of the present invention power generation heat exchanger.
Fig. 2 is the heat exchanger plates structural schematic diagram that plain fin plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger is longitudinally continuous in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the heat exchanger plates structural schematic diagram that herringbone wavy fin plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger is longitudinally continuous in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the heat exchanger plates structural schematic diagram that the present invention is longitudinally continuous S type fin plate fin type heat power generation heat exchanger.
Specific embodiment
The contents of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention includes rectangular channel heat exchanger, thermoelectric power generation fin, power electrode etc..Work as height
Warm fluid, cryogen pass through heat convection from passage of heat heat exchanger plates, cold passage heat exchanger plates respectively, and cold and hot fluid inlet and outlet are deposited
In certain heat transfer temperature difference.Fluid channel inner fin is prepared using p-type or N-shaped thermoelectric material, this kind of material is imitated with Seebeck
It answers, i.e., when thermal energy is conducted from material at high temperature side to low temperature side, electric energy can be converted by partial heat energy.
Fin structure thermoelectric unit of the present invention, can play certain enhanced heat exchange to fluid, and increase is changed
The hot temperature difference, and thermoelectric voltage can be generated, and then electric energy can be converted by low grade residual heat, it is the enhanced heat exchange for having generating function
Element.
Shown in referring to Fig.1, a kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger includes: that cold passage heat exchanger plates 5, cold passage fin 1, heat are logical
Road heat exchanger plates 6, passage of heat fin 2, copper sheet 3 and power electrode 4.Cold passage fin 1, passage of heat fin 2, are all made of thermoelectric material
Preparation is both used as enhanced heat exchange unit, improves heat exchanger flowing heat transfer performance simultaneously, is also used as generator unit, fin and heat exchange
The upper and lower surfaces that plate is in contact cover electrically-insulating paint, prevent from leaking electricity.The cold passage heat exchanger plates 5 of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger
With passage of heat heat exchanger plates 6 using overlapping method welding up and down, cryogen and high temperature fluid are using alternately counterflow heat exchange arrangement side
Formula is flowed into from two side entrances of heat power generation heat exchanger channel respectively, and wherein hot fluid is gradually reduced along Cheng Wendu, and cold fluid is along journey
Temperature is gradually increasing, and there is certain heat transfer temperature difference always in fluid channel import and export.The heat exchanger fin uses thermoelectricity material
Material preparation is the ability based on Seebeck effect, with thermo-electric generation, when there are the convection current temperature difference for heat exchanger channel inlet and outlet
It produces electricl energy.Between the adjacent fins of channel, series circuit link material is used as using copper sheet 3, couples two kinds of thermoelectricity of adjacent p, n
The fin of material is laid in the bottom surface at fin both ends, makes heat exchanger Inner Constitution closed circuit, and copper sheet 3 is in contact with heat exchanger plates
Part covering electrically-insulating paint.Cold passage heat exchanger plates 5, passage of heat heat exchanger plates 6 install power electrode 4, using metals such as copper or aluminium
Material preparation, from heat exchanger plates inside, fin is pierced by heat exchange wooden partition connection external load circuit, and be in contact part use with heat exchanger plates
Electrical insulation treatment.Power electrode 4 can be used serial or parallel connection method driving load circuit and work normally between multilevel access plate.Power supply
Installation power regulating device between electrode 4 and external load circuit meets circuit voltage stabilization and current stabilization demand under different fluid operating condition.
Referring to shown in Fig. 2, it is longitudinally continuous plain fin 2 on the passage of heat heat exchanger plates 6 of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger, is handed over
Mistake is prepared using p-type and N-type thermoelectric material, is the ability based on Seebeck effect, with thermo-electric generation, when heat exchanger channel into
There are the convection current temperature difference to produce electricl energy for outlet.Between the adjacent fins of channel, series circuit link material is used as using copper sheet 3,
The fin for coupling adjacent two kinds of thermoelectric materials of p, n, is laid in the bottom surface at fin both ends, is closed back heat exchanger Inner Constitution
Road, copper sheet 3 be in contact with heat exchanger plates part covering electrically-insulating paint.Power electrode 4 is installed in 6 two sides of passage of heat heat exchanger plates, uses
The preparation of the metal materials such as copper or aluminium, from heat exchanger plates inside, fin is pierced by heat exchange wooden partition connection external load circuit, with heat exchanger plates phase
Contact portion uses electrical insulation treatment.
Referring to shown in Fig. 3, it is longitudinally continuous herringbone wavy fin 2 on the passage of heat heat exchanger plates 6 of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger,
It is staggeredly prepared using p-type and N-type thermoelectric material, is the ability based on Seebeck effect, with thermo-electric generation, works as heat exchanger channel
There are the convection current temperature difference to produce electricl energy for inlet and outlet.Between the adjacent fins of channel, material is coupled as series circuit using copper sheet 3
Material, couples the fin of adjacent two kinds of thermoelectric materials of p, n, is laid in the bottom surface at fin both ends, is closed heat exchanger Inner Constitution
Circuit, copper sheet 3 be in contact with heat exchanger plates part covering electrically-insulating paint.Power electrode 4 is installed in 6 two sides of passage of heat heat exchanger plates, adopts
It is prepared with metal materials such as copper or aluminium, from heat exchanger plates inside, fin is pierced by heat exchange wooden partition connection external load circuit, with heat exchanger plates
Part be in contact using electrical insulation treatment.
Referring to shown in Fig. 4, it is longitudinally continuous S type fin 2 on the passage of heat heat exchanger plates 6 of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger, is handed over
Mistake is prepared using p-type and N-type thermoelectric material, is the ability based on Seebeck effect, with thermo-electric generation, when heat exchanger channel into
There are the convection current temperature difference to produce electricl energy for outlet.Between the adjacent fins of channel, series circuit link material is used as using copper sheet 3,
The fin for coupling adjacent two kinds of thermoelectric materials of p, n, is laid in the bottom surface at fin both ends, is closed back heat exchanger Inner Constitution
Road, copper sheet 3 be in contact with heat exchanger plates part covering electrically-insulating paint.Power electrode 4 is installed in 6 two sides of passage of heat heat exchanger plates, uses
The preparation of the metal materials such as copper or aluminium, from heat exchanger plates inside, fin is pierced by heat exchange wooden partition connection external load circuit, with heat exchanger plates phase
Contact portion uses electrical insulation treatment.
Embodiment cited by the present invention, is merely used to help understand the present invention, should not be construed as protecting model to the present invention
The restriction enclosed can also make improvements and modifications or adopt to the present invention for those skilled in the art
It is substituted with similar structure, is not being departed from inventive concept spirit or surmounting the range that the appended claims define
Under, these improvement, modification and substitution etc. are also fallen into the range of the claims in the present invention protection.
Claims (5)
- The heat exchanger 1. a kind of plate-fin heat generates electricity, including cold passage heat exchanger plates (5), cold passage fin (1), passage of heat heat exchanger plates (6), passage of heat fin (2), copper sheet (3) and power electrode (4), which is characterized in that cold fluid flow through cold passage heat exchanger plates (5) and Cold passage fin (1), cold passage fin (1) manufacture to form thermo-electric generation using thermoelectric material, and hot fluid flows through the passage of heat Heat exchanger plates (6) and passage of heat fin (2), passage of heat fin (2) manufactures to form thermo-electric generation using thermoelectric material, adjacent cold By copper sheet (3) coupled in series, cold passage heat exchanger plates (5) and heat are logical at the both ends of channel fin (1) and adjacent passage of heat fin (2) Power electrode (4) are connected on road heat exchanger plates (6), power electrode (4) couples with heat exchanger plates inner fin.
- The heat exchanger 2. plate-fin heat according to claim 1 generates electricity, which is characterized in that cold passage heat exchanger plates (5) and heat are logical Power electrode (4) between road heat exchanger plates (6) drives load circuit using serial or parallel connection method.
- The heat exchanger 3. plate-fin heat according to claim 1 generates electricity, which is characterized in that the cold passage fin on same layer (1) it is staggeredly prepared using p-type and N-type thermoelectric material with passage of heat fin (2), single fin is one or more thermoelectric material systems It makes.
- The heat exchanger 4. plate-fin heat according to claim 1 generates electricity, which is characterized in that cold passage fin (1) and the passage of heat Fin (2) uses and is longitudinally continuous plain fin, is longitudinally continuous herringbone wavy fin or is longitudinally continuous S type fin.
- The heat exchanger 5. plate-fin heat according to claim 1 generates electricity, which is characterized in that cold passage heat exchanger plates (5) and heat are logical Road heat exchanger plates (6) are all made of metal material or ceramic material preparation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610986596.6A CN106568341B (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | A kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610986596.6A CN106568341B (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | A kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106568341A CN106568341A (en) | 2017-04-19 |
| CN106568341B true CN106568341B (en) | 2019-03-01 |
Family
ID=58540885
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610986596.6A Active CN106568341B (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | A kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106568341B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE2100039A1 (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-09-20 | Rutger Simonsson | Plate Heat Exchanger Thermoelectric Generator |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108270371A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-10 | 浙江大学 | A kind of dimensional semiconductor temperature difference electricity generation device |
| CN108983112B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2020-02-07 | 西安交通大学 | Small-size nuclear power supply integration test device |
| CN108489315A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-04 | 浙江智海化工设备工程有限公司 | A kind of heat exchanger core minor structure |
| CN109293106A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-02-01 | 桐乡市龙翔印染有限公司 | A kind of recoverable method of dyeing waste-water heat |
| CN109579577A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-05 | 湖南力和海得热能技术有限公司 | A kind of thermoelectric (al) type gas gas plate heat exchanger |
| CN110262579A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-20 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of temprature control method |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008076039A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-26 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | A sectioned flow device |
| CN201546917U (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-08-11 | 华南理工大学 | Thermoelectric generator used for automobile exhaust afterheat recycling |
| CN201555323U (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2010-08-18 | 深圳阿尔法特机电工业有限公司 | Thermo-electricity air conditioner used for cabinet |
| CN102064744A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-05-18 | 华南理工大学 | Power generation device by waste heat of gas water heater |
| CN102612762A (en) * | 2009-10-25 | 2012-07-25 | 数字安吉尔公司 | Planar thermoelectric generator |
| CN103114877A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-05-22 | 青岛大学 | Energy recovery device |
| CN104254677A (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2014-12-31 | 埃贝斯佩歇废气技术合资公司 | Heat exchanger having a thermoelectric generator |
| CN104638982A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-05-20 | 广州威能机电有限公司 | Thermoelectric generator |
-
2016
- 2016-11-09 CN CN201610986596.6A patent/CN106568341B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008076039A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-26 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | A sectioned flow device |
| CN102612762A (en) * | 2009-10-25 | 2012-07-25 | 数字安吉尔公司 | Planar thermoelectric generator |
| CN201555323U (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2010-08-18 | 深圳阿尔法特机电工业有限公司 | Thermo-electricity air conditioner used for cabinet |
| CN201546917U (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-08-11 | 华南理工大学 | Thermoelectric generator used for automobile exhaust afterheat recycling |
| CN102064744A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-05-18 | 华南理工大学 | Power generation device by waste heat of gas water heater |
| CN104254677A (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2014-12-31 | 埃贝斯佩歇废气技术合资公司 | Heat exchanger having a thermoelectric generator |
| CN103114877A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-05-22 | 青岛大学 | Energy recovery device |
| CN104638982A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-05-20 | 广州威能机电有限公司 | Thermoelectric generator |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE2100039A1 (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-09-20 | Rutger Simonsson | Plate Heat Exchanger Thermoelectric Generator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106568341A (en) | 2017-04-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106568341B (en) | A kind of plate-fin heat power generation heat exchanger | |
| CN102064744B (en) | Power generation device by waste heat of gas water heater | |
| CN106655894B (en) | A kind of multi-heat source thermo-electric generation system | |
| CN102738378A (en) | Thermoelectric cluster, method for operating same, device for connecting an active element in said cluster to a thermoelectric drive, generator (variants) and heat pump (variants) based thereon | |
| CN204259347U (en) | A kind of Vehicular charger liquid metal self adaptation thermal drivers heat abstractor | |
| CN102214785A (en) | Horizontal multi-stage thermal parallel thermoelectric conversion pile | |
| JP2007088039A (en) | Thermoelectric power generation module and heat exchanger with power generation function | |
| CN205792308U (en) | Condenser thermal source temperature difference electricity generation device | |
| CN203787471U (en) | Thermopile and automobile-exhaust cogeneration refrigeration device employing same | |
| CN201199528Y (en) | Novel semiconductor refrigeration heat-production apparatus | |
| CN105871256A (en) | Heat pump cold-hot temperature difference power generation device | |
| KR101335277B1 (en) | Heat storaging tank used in solar heat power system, solar heat dynamo used therein and solar heat power system including the same | |
| KR101765591B1 (en) | Fuel cell stack | |
| CN204156756U (en) | A kind of new micro thermoelectric generator device | |
| CN106767073A (en) | A kind of energy-accumulating solid module and electric heating energy-accumulating solid device | |
| CN105897060A (en) | Condenser heat source based thermoelectric power generation apparatus | |
| WO2018083912A1 (en) | Thermoelectric power generation heat exchanger | |
| CN204733097U (en) | The hot temperature difference electricity generation device of solar energy liquid | |
| CN107612425A (en) | The marine exhaust generation device through temperature difference of waste heat and electricity-generating method of the heat pipe intensified heat exchange of multi-stag | |
| CN103607101B (en) | A kind of DC converter valve immersion thermoelectric cooling unit | |
| CN207117506U (en) | A kind of stacked heat energy electric energy conversion module and its TRT | |
| CN206135744U (en) | Cold and hot temperature difference power generation devices of heat pump | |
| CN1667937B (en) | Built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator | |
| CN206023617U (en) | A kind of thermo-electric generation dynamical system of vehicle | |
| CN203274345U (en) | Heat pump type air-conditioning device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |