CN1667937B - Built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator - Google Patents

Built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator Download PDF

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CN1667937B
CN1667937B CN 200510033287 CN200510033287A CN1667937B CN 1667937 B CN1667937 B CN 1667937B CN 200510033287 CN200510033287 CN 200510033287 CN 200510033287 A CN200510033287 A CN 200510033287A CN 1667937 B CN1667937 B CN 1667937B
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thermoelectric
built
thermocouple
change
thermoelectric generator
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CN1667937A (en
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张征
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

This invention relates to an integral high density thermo-generator including a heat insulating thermoelectric converter of integral net conversion elements and a separated independent sink among which, the converter is connected in an exhaust pipe, multi-stage axial arrayed thermoelectric converting elements are set in the channel, parallel semiconductor thermal couples comprise stereo electrodes to be connected and form a conversion network, the compensation lead of the network and the cold end connector in the cold source form a large scale thermoelectric circuit by connection. Cooling liquid circulation is applied for the independent sink, the system outputs DC current when operating to electricity-dependent devices by regulation of a DC regulator.

Description

Built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermoelectric generator, the thermal source that refers in particular to it is that residual heat stream, the thermoelectric conversion element in the pipeline is arranged in the pipeline, has axially-multistage-netted-integrated-stacked structure; Independent low-temperature receiver separates with hot system, is connected to form extensive thermoelectric loop by lead and thermoelectric conversion element, automatically waste heat energy directly is converted to the energy conversion system of electric energy.
Background technology
In the internal combustion engine operation, the chemical energy of about 60 percent fuel combustion fails effectively to utilize, most of by emission by exhaust pipe in ambient air.Energy in the exhaust mainly comprises waste heat energy and mobile kinetic energy two parts, temperature between 800-1200K, the air-flow flow at high speed and have one dimension, variable cross-section, friction arranged, compressible, have characteristics such as heat transfer, non-constant entropy, unsteadiness.From the heat that air inlet enters, a part is imported atmosphere into through tube wall, and all the other are discharged by exhaust outlet with air-flow.In the prior art, mainly be to adopt the aeration quantity of the method raising internal combustion engine of exhaust gas turbocharge to energy utilized in the exhaust; And the utilization of waste heat energy does not still have effective method except the heating in compartment.Therefore, in order to improve the energy-saving effect of internal combustion engine, must give effective recycling to the waste heat energy in the exhaust.Middle-size and small-size internal combustion engine is especially as the engine of mobile power source, because the characteristics of work, determined their heat recovery device can not take the mechanical type of bulky complex, and will be a kind of highdensity energy conversion device according to the thermoelectric generator of the direct transfer principle exploitation of thermoelectricity.
Thermoelectric effect is a kind of physical phenomenon: two kinds of closed-loop paths that conductor is connected to form when two contacts of conductor are in different state of temperatures, just have electric current and produce in the loop.This loop is called as thermoelectric loop, electric current is called thermocurrent, and its electromotive force is called thermo-electromotive force, and after thermoelectric material was determined, the thermo-electromotive force in the loop was only relevant with the temperature difference of two contacts.The end points of such two kinds of conductors is welded together the element of making, be called thermocouple, existing product can be divided into metal thermoelectric even summation semiconductor thermocouple two big classes.The thermocouple made from different materials has different applications: metallic thermocouple can only produce faint thermocurrent, and general can only use as temperature element; And modern thermoelectric material generally is the solid solution alloy of binary or ternary, and its Seebeck coefficient is tens to tens times of metallic thermocouple, advanced V/C ° of the 1000 μ v μ that reach.The generating capacity of semiconductor thermocouple can be used as the thermopower switching device of low-voltage, big electric current much larger than metallic thermocouple.Fundamental theorem and fundamental circuit principle according to thermoelectricity, thermocouple can adopt the mode of serial or parallel connection to connect, to satisfy the requirement to output voltage and current value, method of attachment is: each hot end connection point all will constitute the loop with a Ring during thermocouple series connection; When in parallel, only contact simultaneously with low-temperature receiver in two leading points of shunt circuit.The single conversion element that thermocouple connects into is called thermoelectric pile, commonly flat thermoelectric pile, and wherein all thermocouples are connected in series, on the flat board that insulate before and after the cold junction in loop and hot junction are welded on respectively.The commercialization of such thermoelectric pile, seriation, for example homemade TEC1-12706 type refrigerating sheet, technical indicator is: conversion progression is 1, have 127 pairs of thermocouples, sectional area is 6 amperes of 1 square millimeters, ceramic structure, operating current, and overall dimensions are 40mm * 40mm * 3.8mm.Thermoelectric loop also can use the extension lead of the cheapness that is complementary with thermocouple to be connected, and to increase the distance between thermal source and the low-temperature receiver, this lead is called as compensating wire.
At present, thermoelectric device can be applied to: (1) is according to the thermoelectric cell of Seebeck effect work, fixed small-size temperature-difference electric source etc.The former adopts radioisotope as thermal source, is used as the aerospace power supply of remote space (no sunlight); The latter can be used for remote districts or some special occasions.(2) be the thermoelectric cooling equipment of principle with the Peltier effect, comprise some chillers and refrigerator, air-conditioning etc.The structure of the flat thermoelectric pile sheet of semiconductor of generating usefulness and refrigerating sheet are that similarly the upper and lower surface of thermoelectric pile sheet contacts thermal source and low-temperature receiver respectively during work, works by the Seebeck mode.The brachium of this thermocouple only is 3-10mm, and distance is very little between the cold and hot end, and therefore the heat-insulating property to material requires very high.Thermoelectric generator after deliberation is on the outer surface of rectangular channel, arranges and lays some thermoelectric pile sheets, and the exhaust of engine is flow through from the electric organ inner chamber, transmits heat through metallic walls towards the thermoelectric pile sheet.The outside of thermoelectric pile sheet directly contacts low-temperature receiver, and the form of cooling has air Natural Heat Convection, forced ventilation heat radiation, water-cooling and circulation to dispel the heat four kinds.The characteristics of this class thermoelectric generator can reduce: the external and low-temperature receiver of thermoelectric conversion element closely clamps setting, thereby existence has a narrow range of temperature, conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is low, volume is not compact, power output is little, problem of ultra-high price, also is in the stage of thermoelectric material apolegamy and transfer principle research so far.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of high-density thermoelectric generator is proposed, this thermoelectric generator improves the conversion efficiency and the power output of thermoelectric device from the characteristics and the angle that effectively utilizes thermal source and low-temperature receiver of engine exhaust heat by the mode of strengthening thermoelectric conversion.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: thermoelectric generator mainly comprises the adiabatic heat electric transducer of built-in netted conversion element and the independent low-temperature receiver that separates, thermoelectric converter is connected the blast pipe middle part, the thermoelectric conversion element of multistage axially-aligned is set in the passage, compose in parallel stereo electrod by semiconductor thermocouple, stereo electrod connects into switching network again, and the Ring in the compensating wire of switching network and the independent low-temperature receiver connects to form large-scale thermoelectric loop; Independent low-temperature receiver adopts the liquid circulation cooling, and output DC when the thermoelectric generator system moves can output to power consumption equipment through the adjusting of current regulator.
Described thermoelectric converter is made up of protecgulum, bonnet, change-over panel, backing plate, terminal box and fastening bolt.Protecgulum with after be covered with the pipe joint that is connected with blast pipe, the inner chamber of change-over panel is a circular channel, has wherein fixed somely by the integrated stereo electrod of thermocouple, stereo electrod and be connected and fixed the framework of electrode has formed netted conversion element; The outer surface of internal channel lays heat insulation layer, prevents that heat scatters and disappears through tube wall, one side the line of stereo electrod is fixing in terminal box by the drawing of change-over panel; Inner chamber in the backing plate is a through hole, and change-over panel and backing plate be axially stack alternately, is passed the Corner Strapped of protecgulum, bonnet, change-over panel, backing plate by fastening bolt.
For thermoelectric converter is at high temperature worked steadily in the long term, all thermocouples, line, network frame and lead-out wire thereof must be sealed in resistant to elevated temperatures anti-oxidation, the etch-proof coating.
The inner chamber of thermoelectric converter is the passage of I. C. engine exhaust, and the space in the thermocouple network should guarantee that thermal current passes through, and does not cause excessive flow resistance.
Described low-temperature receiver device separates with thermal environment, and wherein the Ring of She Zhiing also is made up of thermocouple, by the thermocouple formation loop in compensating wire and hot junction.It can be the independent loops cooling system with condenser, fan, compression pump, pipeline and cooling fluid.
To further improvement of technique scheme be: the external form of thermoelectric converter should design as required, can be cylindrical or other geometry, and the inner passage also can be designed as rectangle or other geometry.
To further improvement of technique scheme be: thermoelectric converter can be designed to the conversion element axially-aligned of other geometry as required, forms the multistage netted converting system in space.
To further improvement of technique scheme be: along the thermoelectric conversion element of blast pipe axially-aligned, can be according to variation of temperature on the way, adopt the thermoelectric material of different formulations to be combined into thermocouple, they are operated in the temperature range that adapts to most separately, make full use of the variations in temperature of hot-fluid.
To further improvement of technique scheme be: the thermocouple in the native system can be semiconductor, metal material or nonmetal making; Compensating wire can adopt the lead of metal, nonmetal or semi-conducting material.
Technique scheme further improved be: low-temperature receiver can be to use the independent cooling device of forced air cooling such as fan, or directly utilizes the non-independent cooling system of internal-combustion engine cooling system.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) set up the form of strengthening heat exchange, conversion element is built-in, can effectively utilize thermal source, replaced the solid conductive heat form of passing through wall with strong heat convection form, reduced when thermocouple plate lays and the contact heat resistance between the wall, improved density of heat flow rate;
(2) can set up the bigger temperature difference, reason is: the stagnation temperature that swiftly flowing air-flow produces in the pipe is higher than the temperature of air-flow itself, makes full use of gas flow kinetic energy, and thermocouple just can obtain higher heat source temperature; Adopt to separate after the low-temperature receiver, reduced thermal source, strengthened cooling effect the low-temperature receiver influence of directly conducting heat.Thereby the temperature difference of system can improve exponentially.
(3) strengthened the integrated level of thermocouple, owing to the present invention proposes stereo electrod and netted, the multistage structure that is connected, thermoelectric converter can be provided with more thermocouple in the axial space of same diameter, strengthens total sectional area, has improved the intensity of thermoelectric field.
(4) compact conformation satisfies the needs of different output power, whole efficiency height; Owing to adopted the multistage modular construction of stack, the quantity of module can be set according to the needs of power output easily; The particularly proposition of compensating wire method can be simplified the screening conditions of thermoelectric material, is convenient to develop the higher thermode of Seebeck coefficient, improves the conversion efficiency of single thermocouple, further improves the power density of thermoelectric generator.
(5) serviceability is good, and application is extensive.Can guarantee netted slit aisle spare sum in the design more than or equal to former blast pipe sectional area, reducing flow resistance does not influence exhaust back pressure.Therefore, when obtaining good conversion performance, kept the inflation and the exhaust performance of internal combustion engine, can be applied in all kinds of automobiles or be the occasion of the heat recovery of power with hot machine.
Above advantage has demonstrated fully the meaning and the effect of multinomial innovation of the present invention, will make the thermoelectric switch technology from the limited extensively practical stage of application trend.
The design that the present invention is directed to the thermoelectric converter of vehicular engine exhaust heat recycling is set forth.The design of the hot machine of other kind or the thermoelectric converter of other waste heat also can realize in the same way.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
Fig. 1 is a thermoelectric generator system diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural perspective of built-in adiabatic heat electric transducer among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural perspective of change-over panel and stereo electrod among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing among Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the independent low-temperature receiver structural perspective among Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the thermoelectric change-over circuit figure of thermoelectric generator of the present invention
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, thermoelectric generator of the present invention is made up of with the independent cold source system that separates the adiabatic heat electric transducer of built-in netted conversion element.Wherein 1 is internal combustion engine; 2 is blast pipe; 3 is thermoelectric converter, is installed in the internal-combustion engine vent-pipe middle part, and as close as possible engine is that pipeline is connected with blast pipe 2; Independent low-temperature receiver 6 separates with hot system, adopts compensating wire 5 and the extensive switching network in hot junction to connect into thermoelectric loop, adopts to be electrically connected; Adopt pipeline to be connected with condenser 7, compression pump 8, fan 9; 10 is cooling pipe, and cooling fluid circulates in cooling system, cools off the cold junction and the output lead 11 in thermoelectric loop.
The effect that constitutes each parts of apparatus of the present invention is: the I. C. engine exhaust hot-fluid is the thermal source in conversion loop, independent low-temperature receiver is the low-temperature receiver of converting system, thermoelectric converter is that thermoelectric conversion element and I. C. engine exhaust hot-fluid directly carry out heat exchange, waste heat energy directly is converted to the device of electric energy.Independent low-temperature receiver separates with hot system, has adopted the good liquid cooling mode of cooling effect, and purpose is for thermoelectric generator can be worked under the bigger temperature difference.The hot junction of system is the extensive thermocouple network in the thermoelectric converter, cold junction is the thermocouple that is in the independent low-temperature receiver, the two connects into the thermoelectric loop of sealing by compensating wire, and the power supply output lead also will keep identical temperature, system's output DC via independent low-temperature receiver.
As shown in Figure 2, thermoelectric converter is made up of protecgulum 3-1, change-over panel 3-2, backing plate 3-3, terminal box 3-4, bonnet 3-5 and fastening bolt 3-6.The center of forward and backward lid is provided with the pipe joint 3-7 that is connected with blast pipe.The inner chamber of change-over panel is a circular channel, has fixed wherein that some the outer surface of passage lays heat insulation layer by the thermocouple integrated stereo electrod in parallel and the framework of fixed electrode, one side the line of thermocouple is fixing in terminal box by the drawing of plate; Inner chamber among the backing plate 3-3 is a through hole, two kinds of alternately axially stacks of plate, pass the Corner Strapped of protecgulum, bonnet, change-over panel, backing plate by fastening bolt 3-6, make the inner chamber of transducer be linked to be the exhaust passage that communicates, and maintain certain clearance between each change-over panel, electrically insulated from one another, the assurance thermal current can obtain continuous flow and well contact with each thermocouple; The heat insulation layer of channel outer wall also fuses, and prevents heat dissipation.Both can satisfy the needs of power output, and also be convenient to make and maintenance.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, change-over panel is made up of shell 3-2-1, insulating barrier 3-2-2, stereo electrod 3-2-3, inner chamber trim ring 3-2-4, framework 3-2-5, output lead 3-2-6.View K is the partial enlarged drawing of stereo electrod 3-2-3, and wherein 3-2-3 (1) is different semi-conducting materials with 3-2-3 (2), and 3-2-3 (3) is the flow deflector with fixation, and 3-2-3 (4) is an insulating trip.There is high temperature resistant and etch-proof coating on the thermocouple surface.Thermocouple adopts the direct pressure welding of circular semi-conducting material to form, and brachium is 1.0-2.0mm, and sectional area depends on the electric current that passes through.Semiconductor N, P-type material can be selected B for use I2T E3Or S B2T E3Deng, because thermocouple is axial setting, physical dimension is little, makes the compact overall structure of temperature difference electrical equipment.
In order to satisfy the needs of output current, thermoelectric conversion component need be concentrated a large amount of thermocouples, at first with the thermocouple of some and be unified into the space multistory electrode, by insulating trip separately and electric insulation, thermocouple arranged side by side is fixing and be electrically connected with the metal flow deflector between the thermocouple.Stereo electrod is arranged in the bore passages, and series connection forms the netted conversion element of single-stage mutually.Secondly, multistage thermoelectric conversion system is formed in the axial stacked setting of some change-over panels.The meaning of doing like this is: (1) can integrated numerous thermocouple, also can not influence whole serviceability even indivedual thermocouple in use damages; Short size arm efficient height), the cross section satisfies the long-pending needs of electric current pair cross-section along the pipeline axial expansion (2) (experiment shows: to make each thermocouple arm get short size; (3) make each thermocouple carry out perfect heat convection, and obtain higher heat exchange coefficient with thermal current.The high-temperature exhaust air of internal combustion engine flows to the inner chamber into the thermoelectric generator passage, directly contact with each thermocouple in the previous stage module, mode by heat convection is transmitted heat, and the slit and the next stage electrothermal module that flow through between stereo electrod carry out heat exchange once more, and final low-temperature airflow is discharged by exhaust outlet.
What the connected mode of the connection of thermocouple and existing thermoelectric pile was different among the present invention is, the thermocouple arm is not to be connected by the metal flow deflector, but compensating wire good by electric conductivity and that thermal resistance is higher couples together, contact between the cold and heat source is not only to pass through two arms of thermocouple, but realizes by whole thermocouple loop.The length of compensating wire can be tens times of thermocouple brachium, and material can be selected the synthetic material of graphite-containing composition for use, and the capacity of heat transmission will reduce significantly, and simultaneously, compensating wire not only plays the interconnect function of circuit, also plays the supporting role of grid framework.
The extensive thermoelectric switching network that the present invention proposes has comprised netted thermocouple element and multistage conversion system, and with two aspects, thermoelectric loop that independent low-temperature receiver is formed, connected a large amount of thermocouples with the less lead of drawing, simplified thermoelectric loop.According to the electrotechnics principle, though the power output of single thermocouple is little, a large amount of suitable integrating of thermocouple, gross output is the summation of all thermocouple power outputs in the thermoelectric loop.Adopting the mode of series connection and (series-parallel connection) in parallel, is in order to utilize the thermocouple fundamental circuit, to seek optimum connected system and optimum voltage, electric current output characteristic.No matter how how huge complexity is for the thermocouple combined hybrid system, so long as couple together in strict accordance with the fundamental circuit principle, they also are the hot junction in the whole thermoelectric loop, and the cold junction in the loop is set in the independent low-temperature receiver of separation, the two is connected to form complete thermoelectric loop through some compensating wires, and makes whole system have the temperature difference.Therefore, the quantity of thermocouple and connected mode, promptly the integrated level of thermocouple is to improve one of the efficient of electric organ and key factor of power output.
As shown in Figure 5, independent low-temperature receiver is made of shell 6-1, terminal box 6-2, pipe joint 6-3 and 6-5, netted Ring group 6-4.According to thermocouple fundamental circuit principle, during the thermocouple series connection, the loop need be provided with node at cold junction.The cold junction node of some needs equally netted integrated, is convenient to cold fluid and each thermocouple carries out heat convection.In the independent low-temperature receiver network structure of thermocouple and the thermocouple network class in the change-over panel seemingly, but the few sectional area of quantity is big, the surface needs the electric insulation anticorrosion, can adopt identical method preparation.For powerful thermoelectric generator, in order to obtain favorable cooling effect, need to adopt the scheme of forced water cooling, cooling water can directly draw the water-cooling system from engine, and the shunting circulation is cooled off with it, also can adopt the scheme of independent coolant system; For the thermoelectric generator of smaller power, can adopt the scheme of air blast cooling.
Be illustrated in figure 6 as netted thermocouple element link circuit.T wherein 1, T 2Be respectively the temperature of high temperature heat source and low-temperature heat source, and T 1>T 2, the zone with the dash line sign at their places is respectively thermoelectric converter and independent low-temperature receiver; It is the direct current output lead that sign has the line segment of "+" "-" symbol; A, B are the thermocouple of two kinds of semiconductor material combinations, require them that high as far as possible Seebeck coefficient is arranged.In order to simplify circuit, it is main mode that parallel connection is adopted in the connection of thermocouple, and parallel connection has reduced the quantity of the compensating wire of drawing, K 1, K 2..., K N-1Be each thermocouple group in parallel in the thermoelectric converter, the thermocouple of every group of parallel connection is made stereo electrod; Simultaneously, in order to export higher voltage, also need some thermocouples that are together in parallel are connected again.According to thermocouple basic circuit principle, each series loop need be provided with a Ring, K in low-temperature receiver nBe the contact groups of all series connection thermocouple groups in independent low-temperature receiver.Lead A 1, A 2..., A N-1And B 1, B 2..., B N-1Be the connecting line of thermocouple, each thermocouple is connected into an integral body, the lead of output current also will pass through independent low-temperature receiver, keeps having identical temperature.
In sum, by axially-the built-in adiabatic heat electric transducer of multistage-netted-integrated-stacked feature and the converting system that separate type independence low-temperature receiver is formed, can make full use of the kinetic energy and the waste heat energy of exhaust, strengthened the utilance of thermal source and low-temperature receiver; The mode of heat convection helps obtaining high T in the pipe 1With big heat exchange coefficient; Mesh element and stereo electrod help integrated a large amount of thermocouple; Separate type independence low-temperature receiver has been strengthened the effect of cooling, and the connected mode of compensating wire makes cool and heat ends connect into complete thermoelectric loop, helps to obtain the big temperature difference.The scheme of the thermoelectric conversion of above-mentioned reinforcement makes novel thermoelectric generator of the present invention have compact conformation, efficient height and the big characteristics of power output.

Claims (8)

1. built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator, it is characterized in that: this electric organ mainly comprises the adiabatic heat electric transducer of built-in netted conversion element and the independent low-temperature receiver that separates, thermoelectric converter is connected the blast pipe middle part, the thermoelectric conversion element of multistage axially-aligned is set in the passage of the change-over panel of thermoelectric converter, compose in parallel stereo electrod by semiconductor thermocouple, stereo electrod connects into switching network again, and the Ring in the compensating wire of switching network and the independent low-temperature receiver connects to form large-scale thermoelectric loop; Independent low-temperature receiver adopts the liquid circulation cooling, output DC when the thermoelectric generator system moves, and the adjusting through current regulator outputs to power consumption equipment.
2. built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: thermoelectric converter is made up of protecgulum, bonnet, change-over panel, backing plate, terminal box and fastening bolt; Protecgulum with after be covered with the pipe joint that is connected with blast pipe, pass the Corner Strapped of protecgulum, bonnet, change-over panel and backing plate by fastening bolt.
3. built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: change-over panel is made up of shell, insulating barrier, stereo electrod, inner chamber trim ring, framework, compensating wire, the inner chamber of change-over panel is a circular channel, wherein fixed some by the integrated stereo electrod of thermocouple, stereo electrod and the framework that is connected and fixed stereo electrod have formed netted conversion element; The outer surface of passage lays heat insulation layer, prevents that heat scatters and disappears through tube wall, and the line of stereo electrod is a compensating wire, one side drawing and fixing in terminal box by change-over panel.
4. built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the inner chamber in the backing plate is a through hole, is the passage of exhaust stream, and the passage in the backing plate is provided with heat insulation layer outward, and the thickness of backing plate is according to the requirement decision of the axial distance of each change-over panel.
5. built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator according to claim 2 is characterized in that: all thermocouples, line, grid framework and lead-out wire thereof all are sealed in resistant to elevated temperatures anti-oxidation, the etch-proof coating.
6. built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator according to claim 2 is characterized in that: change-over panel and backing plate be axially stack alternately, and thermoelectric change-over circuit connects by lead, forms multistage thermoelectric switching network.
7. built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: terminal box is made by electrical insulating material, and all connecting lines are fixing therein, and concentrate to cable and draw.
8. built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: independent low-temperature receiver is made of shell, terminal box, pipe joint, netted Ring group, independent low-temperature receiver separates with hot system, adopt compensating wire and hot junction stereo electrod to connect into the conversion loop, independent low-temperature receiver and condenser, compression pump, fan are formed independent cooling system, cooling fluid circulates in cooling system, cools off the cold junction and the output lead in thermoelectric loop.
CN 200510033287 2005-02-25 2005-02-25 Built-in type high-density thermoelectric generator Expired - Fee Related CN1667937B (en)

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CN109307557A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-02-05 鑫国集团有限公司 A kind of shared polar net formula multipoint thermocouple
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CN2465394Y (en) * 2001-02-27 2001-12-12 孟克 Generator
CN2814797Y (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-09-06 华南理工大学 High-density thermoelectric generator

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CN2465394Y (en) * 2001-02-27 2001-12-12 孟克 Generator
CN2814797Y (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-09-06 华南理工大学 High-density thermoelectric generator

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