CN106565587B - 一种aurkb小分子抑制剂及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种AURKB小分子抑制剂及其应用。其具有能够有效抑制多种肿瘤细胞增殖,并诱导其自噬的功能。本发明提供的AURKB小分子抑制剂对正常细胞毒性低,并对AURKB介导的H3S10ph修饰及其下游靶基因E2F2有显著地表达抑制作用,因此能够有效抑制多种肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导细胞自噬,从而有望将其开发成新的抗肿瘤药物。对肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、急慢性白血病等多种肿瘤具有体内外的治疗作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,涉及AURKB抑制剂,具体涉及一种AURKB小分子抑制剂及其应用。
背景技术
癌症是全球发病和死亡的主要原因,根据国际癌症研究机构2014年数据显示,全球癌症患者正以惊人的数量增加,每年约800万人死于癌症,其中肺癌死亡率位列第一,我国新增肺癌患者全球居首,严重的危害了我国人民的健康和生命。目前及早发现和接受治疗可以降低癌症死亡率。医生和科学家都在致力于鉴定新的肿瘤标记物和肿瘤治疗方法的改进,如血液循环MicroRNA、癌胚抗原(CEA)、改进外科手术、研发新的化学试剂,虽然极大地促进了肿瘤的诊断和治疗的效率,但目前对于肿瘤的发现和治疗仍然有很大的发展空间,发现新的肿瘤标志物和新型低毒高效和高特异性的抗肿瘤药物是科学家们研究的重点内容。
蛋白极光激酶B(Aurora kinase B,AURKB)是蛋白激酶家族成员之一,负责调控细胞有丝分裂的一类重要的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,在细胞有丝分裂以及肿瘤(包括肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、头颈癌、肝癌、脑癌、卵巢癌)形成过程中扮演着重要作用。研究表明在有丝分裂中,AURKB参与中心体成熟分离、纺锤丝组装和维持、染色体分离及胞质分裂等多个事件。AURKB通过survivin、broealin、INCENP蛋白构成染色体移动复合物(chromosomal passenger complex,CPC复合物),并定位于着丝粒和中心体来调节微管蛋白的粘附,染色体的分离,进而控制着细胞分裂的进程。目前已有大量靶定AURKB的小分子抑制剂被报道,其中约30个小分子抑制剂已进入临床前期或临床试验。已有的临床结果显示这些小分子对包括肺癌在内的实体瘤治疗效果不甚理想,虽然部分在白血病治疗中有预期的效果,可能的原因是药物通过血液进入实体瘤较困难,低剂量药物并不一定能够到达病灶处,高剂量病人副作用如发热、腹泻等症状明显,因此低毒、高效和特异性的小分子是急迫需要的。因此研究一种全新结构的天然产物小分子抑制剂,能够对AURKB酶活及其信号通路有明显的抑制作用,从而开发出新的有效的抗肿瘤药物。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的是提供一种AURKB小分子抑制剂(TZ47),所述抑制剂具有能够抑制多种肿瘤细胞的增殖,并诱导其凋亡和自噬的功能。
为达到上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种AURKB小分子抑制剂(TZ47),所述抑制剂为具有下述化学结构的化合物。
本发明同时保护上述AURKB小分子抑制剂在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
优选的,所述肿瘤为以下的任一种:非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌、急慢性白血病、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌。
本发明开发的全新结构的AURKB小分子抑制剂主要通过抑制AURKB激酶活性,降低整体组蛋白H3S10磷酸化修饰水平,抑制E2F2基因的表达,从而能有效的抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖;并激活细胞凋亡和自噬诱导细胞死亡。因此,本发明能够在制备抗肿瘤的药物中应用。
本发明同时要求保护一种抗肿瘤药物组合,所述抗肿瘤药物的活性成分为上述AURKB小分子抑制剂,还包括药学上能接受的载体和辅料。
本发明所述AURKB小分子抑制剂可以单独或与一种以上可接受的载体组合剂制成制剂给药。例如,溶剂、稀释剂等。可以口服剂型给药,如片剂、胶囊、可分散粉末、颗粒剂等;也可以注射型给药,如冻干粉针剂。本发明的药物组合物的各种剂型可以按照药学领域中熟知的方法制备。
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有以下列优点:
1、本发明制备的AURKB小分子抑制剂,从植物的天然产物分离得到,可以利用生物合成或微生物发酵的方法制备,反应简单易操作,产物易提纯、得率高、易保存。
2本发明所鉴定的AURKB激酶小分子抑制剂对正常细胞毒性低,并对AURKB激酶底物组蛋白H3S10磷酸化介导的下游基因E2F2的表达具有显著的抑制作用,因此能够有效地抑制多种肿瘤细胞的增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡,从而有望将其开法成新的抗肿瘤药物。
附图说明
图1免疫组化和Western blot检测AURKB在非小细胞肺癌病人肿瘤组织样本中的蛋白水平
图2AURKB表达水平与肺癌病人存活率的负相关关系
图3CCK-8分析方法检测表明AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47抑制肺癌细胞生长
图4蛋白印记检测表明AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47抑制细胞内的AURKB激酶活性
图5MST技术检测AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47体外结合AURKB蛋白的解离常数
图6体外磷酸化分析证实AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47体外抑制AURKB激酶活性
图7AURKB knockdown的A549细胞株制备及检测
图8蛋白印记检测表明AURKB knockdown的A549细胞株H3S10磷酸化水平降低
图9克隆形成实验表明AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47显著地抑制A549细胞克隆形成的能力
图10Transwell实验表明AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47显著地抑制A549细胞迁移能力
图11实时定量PCR检测表明AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47处理A549细胞显著地抑制E2F2基因mRNA水平的表达
图12蛋白印记实验表明AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47处理A549细胞显著地抑制了E2F2基因蛋白水平的表达
图13实时定量PCR和蛋白印记实验证实AURKB敲减降低了E2F2基因mRNA和蛋白水平的减少
图14ChIP实验表明AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47处理A549细胞显著地降低E2F2启动子附近H3S10ph标记的富集
图15AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47对A549细胞凋亡的诱导与浓度关系效果图
图16AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47对A549细胞自噬的诱导与浓度关系效果图
图17裸鼠异位移植瘤实验表明AURKB小分子抑制剂TZ47抑制小鼠肺癌的生长
图18裸鼠异位移植瘤实验中给药组和对照组的小鼠肿瘤体积和重量比较图
图19裸鼠异位移植瘤实验中正常鼠给药组、移植瘤鼠对照组和移植瘤鼠给药组肿瘤体积比较图
图20裸鼠异位移植瘤实验中给药组和对照组的异位瘤组织HE染色比较图
图21裸鼠异位瘤移植实验中给药组和对照组的异位瘤组织Ki-67免疫组化比较
图22裸鼠异位瘤移植实验中给药组和对照组的异位瘤组织H3S10磷酸化蛋白水平比较图
具体实施方案
结合实验对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1.
本发明采用免疫组化技术对非小细胞肺癌病人的肿瘤标本与正常癌旁组织中AURKB的表达水平进行分析,结果表明AURKB在肺癌病人的肿瘤组织中表达水平显著升高(图1),并且与病人的死亡率正相关(附图2)。
具体实施步骤如下:
a.石蜡包埋及切片
1)固定:新鲜组织块置于4%多聚甲醛中固定达24小时。
2)脱水:将固定好的组织块依次按以下步骤进行:50%乙醇30min,70%乙醇30min,80%乙醇1h,85%乙醇30min,90%乙醇15min,95%乙醇15min,100%乙醇15min,乙醇/二甲苯1:1混合液20min。
3)透明:将组织块放入二甲苯3min,60℃二甲苯/石蜡1:1混合液15min。
4)浸蜡:60℃石蜡一20min,60℃石蜡二15min。
5)包埋:待石蜡溶解后,倒入适量石蜡至模具中,用镊子将组织块放入模具中间位置,再用石蜡填满模具。待石蜡冷却,模具置于4℃冰箱过夜,使石蜡完全凝固。
6)切片:取出模具中的石蜡块,用刀片修整。用石蜡切片机切片,厚度约5m。切至可用组织片时,将蜡片放置42℃水中展片,使用玻璃片捞片,置于室温烤片2h。
b.免疫组织化学
1)脱蜡水化:按如下步骤进行:二甲苯一15min,二甲苯二15min,100%乙醇3min,95%乙醇3min,90%乙醇3min,80%乙醇3min,70%乙醇3min,60%乙醇3min,50%乙醇3min,ddH2O 3min,3%H2O210min,ddH2O 5min。
2)抗原修复:将水化后组织片放置柠檬酸钠修复液中,94℃15min。取出组织片放至室温自然冷却。
3)孵育一抗:滴加5%BSA封闭,室温20min,吸去多余液体,孵育一抗(anti-AURKB,Abcam,抗体1:100 5%BSA),置于湿盒中4℃过夜。
4)洗涤:PBS洗涤3次,每次5min。
5)孵育二抗:滴加生物素偶联的二抗(抗体1:100 5%BSA),37℃孵育1小时。
6)洗涤:PBS洗涤3次,每次5min。
7)滴加SABC溶液,37℃放置40min,PBS洗涤3次,每次5min。
8)DAB显色:取1ml ddH2O,加入试剂盒中DAB染液,混匀后滴加至切片上,显微镜下观察显色反应,待阳性信号棕色明显时即用自来水冲洗,以停止反应,避免过度显色。
9)苏木精复染:放入水溶性苏木精10s,自来水冲洗至无色。
10)脱水封片:95%乙醇3min,100%乙醇3min,二甲苯10min,中性树胶封片,过夜晾干。室温保存,即可用于观察组织形态。
c.Western blot(蛋白印记)实验
按如下配制细胞裂解液:
收集病人正常癌旁组织和肿瘤组织,切成小块用液氮研磨,加入1ml细胞裂解液及终浓度1×蛋白酶抑制剂,冰上放置15min,12000rpm,4℃,离心10min,收集上清即为细胞蛋白裂解液。
1)准备好电泳装置,配制分离胶和浓缩胶,将煮好的蛋白样品进行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(分离胶的浓度依目的蛋白分子量而定),先90V电泳30min,再120V电泳1小时。
2)将SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶浸润在1×transfer buffer中,根据切胶的大小,裁出尺度接近的2张滤纸和一张PVDF膜。PVDF膜需在甲醇中活化10min,滤纸需在1×transferbuffer中浸润。
3)在半干转膜仪上从下往上依次放置:滤纸、PVDF膜、凝胶、滤纸,保证接触面无气泡,盖上盖子,24V转膜30min(转膜时间依目的蛋白分子量而定)。
4)转膜结束后用含5%脱脂奶粉的PBST溶液室温封闭1小时。
5)将PVDF膜放入合适大小的孵育袋中,加入适当比例的一抗(anti-AURKB,Abcam,抗体1:1000 5%脱脂奶粉)4℃摇床孵育过夜。
6)取出PVDF膜,PBST洗涤4次,每次10min。加入相应比例二抗(anti-Rabbit,Sigma,抗体1:2000PBST溶液)室温孵育2小时,取出PVDF膜,PBST洗涤4次,每次10min。
8)1:1混匀ECL发光液中的A液、B液,将PVDF膜正面朝上放置在EP手套上,滴加ECL发光液,1min后吸去发光液,正面朝上用抗体孵育袋包裹起来,放置压片夹中待显影。
9)在显影室中,裁取合适尺寸的X胶片,放入压片夹中,合上压片。
10)曝光适当时间后,打开压片夹,将X光片放入显影液中显影,待出现明显条带后再放入定影液中定影,自来水冲洗后放入烘箱中烘干即可分析实验结果。
实施例2 TZ47生物合成路线:
将化合物1(80g,0.68mmol)和化合物2(202g,1.37mmol)溶于6ml CH2Cl2,加入0.05g(CF3SO3)3Sc,在氩条件下旋转过夜,所得化合物即是TZ47(化合物3):1H-NMR(400MHz,acetone-d6):10.21(1H,brs),10.05(1H,brs),9.80(1H,brs),7.61(1H,d,8.0),7.46(1H,d,8.8),7.41(1H,d,8.0),7.36(2H,d,8.0),7.22(1H,d,8.0),7.13(1H,s),7.06(2H,t,8.0),6.95(2H,t,8.0),6.95(1H,s),6.88(2H,t,8.0),4.32(4H,s).13C-NMR(400MHz,acetone-d6):137.8,137.6,136.8,136.7,135.6,129.9,128.6,128.3,124.0,123.4,122.1,121.9,121.0,119.6,119.5,119.4,119.2,119.1,119.0,116.2,113.4,112.1,112.0,111.4,111.4,110.5,23.0,20.8.
实施例3.TZ47抑制肺癌细胞的生长
分离肺癌细胞A549至96孔板中,将10mM的TZ47贮存液加入培养A549细胞的96孔板毎孔中,至毎孔终浓度分别为0μM,0.1μM,0.5μM,1μM,2μM,4μM,8μM,37℃细胞培养箱培养A549细胞48h,用CCK-8方法分析细胞生长情况,图3表明TZ47抑制A549细胞呈现浓度依赖性,且TZ47对A549细胞的半抑制浓度(IC50),显示TZ47具有较低的细胞IC50,表明TZ47具有较强的活性。
实施例4.TZ47降低细胞H3S10磷酸化水平
培养A549细胞,用不同浓度的TZ47处理48h,收集细胞,进行蛋白印迹实验,使用不同的组蛋白标记抗体检测相关组蛋白修饰的变化,图4结果显示TZ47处理A549细胞显著地降低H3S10ph修饰水平,而不是介导AURKB蛋白降解,也没有降低H4S1ph修饰水平和其它组蛋白标记水平。因此,上述实验结果证实TZ47可以抑制A549细胞内源H3S10ph修饰水平。
实施例5.TZ47体外抑制AURKB激酶活性
TZ47处理A549细胞可以降低H3S10ph修饰水平,而不改变H3S10附近位点其它组蛋白标记,我们推测可能是影响了磷酸化H3S10位点的激酶活性。为了验证TZ47是否抑制AURKB激酶活性,我们首先原核表达AURKB蛋白,利用微量热泳动仪(MST)检测TZ47与AURKB蛋白的结合情况。MST是利用粒子在微观的温度梯度中的定向运动,通过测量水化层(通常是由生物分子结构/构象的变化引起的)导致的微量热泳动的变化来确定亲和力。图5所示,体外结合实验表明TZ47与AURKB蛋白直接结合,结合常数为135nM±2nM,而不与对照GST蛋白结合。由于原核表达的AURKB蛋白没有激酶活性,因此我们构建AURKB真核表达载体pcDNA-AURKB,转染293T细胞进行细胞表达,用M2-flag beads从293T裂解液中富集出flag-AURKB蛋白,进行体外激酶活性分析。图6所示,flag-AURKB蛋白具有激酶活性,可以磷酸化组蛋白H3,更重要的是,与对照相比较,TZ47显著地抑制AURKB激酶活性,当浓度达到2μM时,完全抑制了AURKB的激酶活性。上述结果证实了TZ47小分子是AURKB的抑制剂。
具体步骤如下:
a.GST-AURKB原核蛋白表达
1)重组质粒构建:我们选用pGEX-6p-1载体构建pGEX-6p-1-AURKB原核表达载体。
以BamH I和Xho I为酶切位点,涉及PCR引物如下:
以人293T细胞cDNA为模板,LATaq酶扩增AURKB CDS序列,双酶切扩增片段、pGEX-6p-1载体,进行重组质粒连接,连接产物转化DH5α感受态菌,涂抹含氨苄抗性的LB平板,挑取阳性克隆进行测序鉴定,测序正确的质粒即是pGEX-6p-1-AURKB重组质粒。
2)原核蛋白表达:将阳性重组质粒pGEX-6p-1-AURKB电转入BL21感受态菌种,接取100:l原核表达菌至3ml LB培养基中培养。第二天按1:200体积比扩大培养,3小时后取1ml菌液测OD600吸光值,OD600值达到0.6即可以1:10000比例加入IPTG(0.2g/ml)诱导AURKB原核蛋白表达,继续培养4小时后,高速离心收集菌体,-30℃保存。
3)GST-AURKB蛋白纯化:以1L菌:50ml PBS比例重悬菌体,置于冰上,放置超声破碎仪中,以如下程序破碎菌体:功率600w,超声4s,间歇2s,共30min。超声结束后按终浓度1%的比例加入Triton X-100,4℃促溶30min,12000rpm,4℃离心15min,收集上清至新50ml管中,加入一定量GST beads,4℃旋转结合1小时,3000rpm,4℃离心3min,去除上清,加入1ml300NETN溶液洗涤3次,取适量GST beads进行SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定纯化结果。
4)GST-AURKB原核重组蛋白洗脱:按如下配方配制还原型谷胱甘肽洗脱溶液:
1M Tris-Cl(pH=8.0) 500μl
ddH2O 添加至10ml
L-glutathione 0.03g
加入1ml洗脱液至含GST beads的EP管中,4℃旋转30min,3000rpm离心3min,吸取上清液保留,如此反复洗脱2次,保留的上清液即是GST-AURKB溶液,-80℃保存。取适量上清液进行SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定洗脱效率、洗脱纯度及蛋白定量。
b.微尺度热泳实验(MST实验)
我们使用MST实验验证TZ47与AURKB激酶直接相互作用,具体实验步骤如下:
a)Buffer交换
标记操作需要蛋白溶解在适宜pH的标记Buffer中,溶解蛋白的Buffer中不能含有伯胺类化合物(例如铵离子,Tris,甘氨酸,乙醇胺,三乙胺,谷胱甘肽)或者咪唑,这类化合物会明显降低蛋白标记效率。蛋白纯度较低或者蛋白样品中含有的载体蛋白如BSA都会影响蛋白的标记,具体操作如下:
1)加3ml双蒸水溶解小瓶中的缓冲盐。
2)倒置混匀柱A,扭掉柱A底部的小盖子,并拧开柱盖。
3)将柱子放在1.5-2ml的EP管中,3000rpm离心1min除去柱A中过量的液体,加入300μl的标记缓冲液,3000rpm离心1min,洗涤3次。
4)将40-100μl的蛋白溶液加入柱A,将柱A放入新的EP管中,3000rpm,4℃离心2min,即得交换缓冲液的蛋白。
b)蛋白的标记
1)用标记缓冲液将蛋白的浓度调节到2-20μM。
2)加入50μl的DMSO溶解固体染料(此时染料的浓度大约为650μM)。
3)混匀,使得染料充分溶解,用标记缓冲液稀释染料的浓度为蛋白浓度的2-3倍。
4)1:1体积混合染料和蛋白,室温避光孵育30min,同时准备步骤2.18.3。
c)蛋白的纯化
为了优化MST的实验结果,未反应的过量游离染料需要过柱除去,标记蛋白的纯度可以通过测量蛋白和染料的比值得到(例如可以通过测量蛋白在280nm以及染料在650nm处的吸光度值来测量两者的比例,摩尔吸光度250M-1cm-1)。
1)倒掉柱B中的储存液,用蛋白存储缓冲液或者最终做MST测试的测试液平衡柱B(总共需8ml,依靠重力下缓冲液从柱B中流出来平衡柱子)。
2)加入200 μl体积的标记反应液至柱B中间位置,让反应液完全浸入柱B中,弃去流出的液体。
3)再加入300μl体积的冲洗液至柱B,重复操作2。
4)加入600μl体积的冲洗液,收集洗脱下来的液体(前两滴流出的液体可以弃去)。
5)用光谱法测量蛋白与染料的比率,并分装蛋白。
d)MST反应
取TZ47小分子母液,以2倍依次稀释,共稀释16个PCR管,每管以1:1体积加入c)中标记的蛋白,混匀,使用毛细管吸取至毛细管顶部即可,避免毛细管内部含气泡。将毛细管放入Nano Temper MST仪器读取荧光值,利用仪器软件程序计算出结合常数KD值。
c.体外磷酸化反应
按如下体系进行体外磷酸化反应:
按上述体系混合好各成分后,置于30℃反应30min,反应结束后进行Western blot实验。
实施例6.构建AURKB knockdown的非小细胞肺癌稳定细胞株,检测到H3S10ph标记的减少
为了探明AURKB在非小细胞肺癌细胞中对组蛋白H3S10位点直接磷酸化,我们使用shRNA慢病毒系统构建了AURKB knockdown A549稳定细胞株。实时定量PCR和蛋白印记检测了AURKB表达水平(见图7),结果表明AURKB mRNA和蛋白表达水平都下降,同时蛋白印记实验也证实组蛋白H3S10ph修饰水平显著降低,上述结果证实H3S10ph修饰是AURKB的组蛋白底物(见图8)。
具体是实施实例及步骤如下:
1)AURKB knockdown的非小细胞肺癌细胞A549稳定细胞株的构建和检测
我们使用pLL3.7shRNA慢病毒系统构建AURKB knockdown A549稳定细胞株。A549细胞从上海细胞生物所购得,在含10%FCS的DMEM培养基(V/V,Thermofisher)中培养。AURKB的siRNA靶点序列遵照生产厂家的说明书插入pLL3.7慢病毒质粒的XhoI/HpaI位点。shRNA靶点:
2)利用实时定量PCR技术检测AURKB基因在对照scr细胞和AURKB knockdown细胞株(AURKB-kd1和AURKB-kd2)中的mRNA表达水平,具体实施步骤如下:
a.细胞总RNA提取
1)计数板法查看细胞密度(取四周和中间格子计数,算平均值,要求细胞密度为5×106个/ml)。
2)在生物安全柜内,取7ml细胞溶液加入无菌的15ml离心管内,1000rpm离心10min。
3)去上清,加1ml PBS,吹匀细胞,将这些细胞溶液全部转移至一个EP管内(以下所用的EP管、Tip头均须经过0.1%DEPC水处理,湿热灭菌后使用)。
4)去上清,加1ml PBS,吹匀细胞,3000rpm 5min.
5)吸尽上清,弃去,各加1ml Trizol,每加一管,须吹打均匀,以不见丝状物为准(即透明),室温静置5min。
6)补加200μl氯仿,剧烈摇动15s,室温静置2-3min。
7)12000g,4℃,离心15min。
8)吸取上层水相(约600μl),转移至一个新EP管内,加500μl异丙醇,室温静置10min。
9)12000g,4℃,离心10min。
10)去上清,加1ml 75%的预冷乙醇(0.1%的DEPC水配制),涡旋片刻。
11)7500g,4℃,离心5min。
12)去上清,干燥,溶于20μl的0.1%DEPC水中,55℃放置10min促溶,利用分光光度计测定浓度和纯化,RNA可立即用于逆转录cDNA或-80℃保存备用。
b.cDNA合成
1)HiScript Rverse Transcriptase逆转录系统
在无RNase的EP管中配制如下混合液:
用移液器轻轻吹打混匀,42℃2min。之后加入5×qRT SuperMix II,用移液器轻轻吹打混匀,按如下程序合成cDNA:
25℃ 10min
50℃ 30min
85℃ 5min
产物可立即用于PCR反应,或在-20℃保存备用。
Q-RT-PCR使用的是Gene公司Corbett Research的Rotor-gene 6000定量PCR仪,试剂是Roche FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master Mix,反应体系如下:
Q-RT-PCR反应条件如下:
2)AURKB、E2F2引物列表如下:
实施例7.TZ47抑制肺癌细胞增殖和迁移
为了检测TZ47对细胞增殖能力的影响,我们进行细胞克隆形成实验,结果表明AURKB敲减后细胞形成克隆能力显著降低,同时使用TZ47(2μM)处理对照细胞,大大地抑制克隆形成(图9)。上述结果表明TZ47可以抑制AURKB活性来抑制细胞的增殖能力。
此外,我们也进行了Transwell实验来检测AURKB表达水平对细胞迁移能力的影响,同样的,我们利用TZ47(2μM)处理细胞进行Transwell实验,实验结果证实AURKB表达水平的敲减显著地抑制了细胞的迁移能力,TZ47也显著地抑制了细胞的迁移能力,同时,与对照scr细胞比较,AURKB-kd细胞可以部分拮抗TZ47对细胞迁移的抑制作用(图10)。综合上述实验结果,表明TZ47对细胞的迁移能力具有抑制作用。具体实施步骤如下:
a.细胞迁移实验
1)用胰酶消化处于对数生长期的待测细胞,离心收集细胞,PBS洗涤1次,用无血清DMEM重悬细胞,计数。
2)在24孔板中加入500μl含10%FBS的DMEM培养基,小心放上Transwell chamber,注意防止气泡产生。Transwell chamber上加入100μl细胞悬液(约5万细胞),同时TZ47处理组细胞加入TZ47溶液(终浓度2μM),将24孔板放入含5%CO2的37℃细胞培养箱培养12小时。
3)取出24孔板中的Transwell chamber,放入PBS中洗去培养基,吸尽chamber中的PBS,加入500μl甲醇至chamber中,室温固定细胞30min。
4)取出chamber,PBS洗涤1次,放入0.1%结晶紫染色液中,染色30min。
5)取出chamber,PBS洗涤1次,吸尽PBS,用棉签小心擦拭chamber内膜表面的细胞。
6)将chamber放置载破片上观察并统计外膜上的细胞数量。
b.细胞克隆形成实验
1)用胰酶消化处于对数生长期的待测细胞,离心收集细胞,PBS洗涤1次,用无血清DMEM重悬细胞,计数。
2)在6孔板中加入2ml含10%FBS的DMEM培养基,每孔中加入500个细胞,同时TZ47处理组加入TZ47溶液(终浓度2μM),将6孔板放入含5%CO2的37℃细胞培养箱培养2周。
3)取出6孔板,取出培养基,PBS洗涤1次,吸尽6孔板中的PBS,每孔加入1ml甲醇,室温固定细胞30min。
4)去除甲醇,PBS洗涤1次,每孔加入1ml 0.1%结晶紫染色液,染色30min。
去除结晶紫染色液,PBS洗涤1次,吸尽PBS,自然晾干,统计6孔板每个孔中的克隆数目。
实施例8.TZ47抑制E2F2基因的表达
我们使用不同浓度的TZ47处理A549细胞,提取细胞总RNA和细胞总蛋白,检测E2F2基因的表达。实时定量PCR结果显示,相对于对照细胞,E2F2基因表达水平也显著降低(图11),Western blot结果也证实蛋白水平降低(图12),同时检测AURKB敲减细胞也证实结果相一致(图13),这表明TZ47是通过抑制AURKB激酶活性来调控细胞E2F2基因的表达。为了进一步验证上述结果,我们利用TZ47处理A549细胞,然后提取染色质,利用H3S10ph特异性抗体进行ChIP实验。结果表明,TZ47处理的A549细胞,显著地降低了E2F2启动子附近的组蛋白H3S10ph修饰的富集(图14)。综合上述实验,表明TZ47抑制AURKB激酶活性,进而抑制E2F2基因启动子上AURKB组蛋白底物H3S10ph标记水平,影响E2F2基因的表达。
具体实施步骤如下:
a.蛋白印记实验和实时定量PCR步骤及条件在以上具体实例实施中有详细描述。
b.染色质免疫共沉淀(ChIP)
1)DNA蛋白质复合体的体内交联:低速离心收集2×106-7个细胞,用20ml的RPMI1640培养基重悬,在通风橱中加入550μl 37%福尔马林溶液(终浓度1%),孵育10min,期间混匀2-3次。
2)终止交联:加入1.35ml 2M甘氨酸(终浓度0.1M),混匀,孵育10min,期间混匀2-3次,2400rpm离心7min,弃去上清,用10ml预冷的PBS溶液洗涤2次,细胞离心后放置在冰上。
3)细胞核的制备:在细胞中加入1ml TNT buffer(10mM Tris-Cl pH=8.0,10mMNaCl,0.2%Triton X-100,1×蛋白酶抑制剂),冰上放置10min,2400rpm离心7min,弃去上清。细胞核可以冻存在-80℃。
4)细胞核裂解和染色质破碎:在细胞核中加入1ml NB buffer(50mM Tris-Cl pH=8.0、10mM EDTA、1×蛋白酶抑制剂),冰上放置10min,涡旋混匀。裂解物200W,20s超声,7次,每次超声间隔必须将样品放置在冰上大于2min,以使其冷却。加入1/10体积的10%SDS溶液,常温混匀1小时。14000rpm,4℃离心10min,收集上清。琼脂糖胶鉴定条带位置是否在200bp-1000bp之间,若条带过大,则需继续超声。
5)免疫共沉淀:测定上清OD260值,计算出DNA浓度,取含有100μg DNA的上清,加入700μl DB buffer(150mM NaCl,20mM Tris-Cl pH=8.0,2mM EDTA,1%Trion X-100,1×蛋白酶抑制剂),加入2μg IgG或实验组抗体,4℃旋转2小时,12000rpm,4℃离心10min,转移上清至新EP管中。加入50μl Protein A/G sepharose beads(预先用1mg/ml鲑鱼精子DNA和1mg/ml BSA 4℃封闭2小时,DB buffer洗涤2次,最后DB buffer 1:1重悬Protein A/Gsepharose beads),4℃旋转过夜,使抗体充分与Protein A/G琼脂珠子偶联。
6)洗涤:3000rpm,4℃离心3min,按照以下步骤洗涤
7)1ml RIPA 150(10mM Tris-Cl pH=8.0,150mM NaCl,1%Triton X-100,0.1%SDS,1%deoxycholic acid),洗1次。
8)1ml RIPA 500(10mM Tris-Cl pH=8.0,500mM NaCl,1%Triton X-100,0.1%SDS,1%deoxycholic acid),洗2次。
9)1ml LIDS(LiCl detergent solution,250mM LiCl,1mM EDTA,10mM Tris-ClpH=8.0,1%NP-40,1%deoxycholic acid),洗5次。
10)1ml TE(10mM Tris-Cl pH=8.0,1mM EDTA),洗2次。
11)洗脱免疫共沉淀复合物:加入200μl含1%SDS的TE溶液,混匀并在65℃孵育10min。离心并把上清转移到一个新的离心管中,重复一次。将洗脱物混合,12000rpm离心1min,转移上清至新的EP管中。
12)逆转交联:取4)中10%的染色质作为input,用含1%SDS的TE溶液补足到400μl。在洗脱物及input管中各加入2μl蛋白酶K(20mg/ml),65℃孵育过夜。
13)纯化DNA和PCR检测:加入400μl酚:氯仿:异戊醇溶液,混匀,14000rpm,4℃离心10min。将上层300μl水相转移至新EP管中,加入2μl糖原(10mg/ml),30μl 3M醋酸钠(pH=5.2),600μl预冷的乙醇,混匀,-80℃静置至少30min。14000rpm,4℃离心10min,弃上清。沉淀用70%的预冷乙醇溶液洗涤,14000rpm,4℃离心10min,弃上清。真空离心泵中干燥30min,各管加入50μl TE或去离子水溶解,存于-20℃。得到的DNA可用于后续实时定量PCR检测。
实施例9.TZ47诱导A549细胞凋亡和自噬
先前IC50实验显示高浓度的TZ47可以完全抑制细胞的增殖,诱导细胞死亡,为了阐明TZ47诱导细胞死亡的方式,我们通过细胞凋亡检测试剂盒,利用流式细胞仪对溶剂(DMSO)对照组和不同梯度TZ47处理组进行凋亡分析。结果显示,随着TZ47浓度的增加,1μM和2μM处理组无显著差异,浓度达4μM时,细胞早期凋亡的比例显著增加(图15)。此外,我们也检测到随着TZ47浓度的增加,细胞自噬体程度也显著增加,LC3抗体western blot也证实这一现象(图16),并且细胞自噬程度与TZ47呈现浓度依赖性。
实施例10.TZ47在裸鼠肿瘤异位移植模型中抑制肺癌细胞的生长及抑制AURKB体内激酶活性
接着,我们构建了小鼠肺癌肿瘤模型,以此来检测TZ47对体内肿瘤增殖的影响。我们首先在小鼠左腋下接种A549细胞,待肿瘤增殖体积至100mm3时,给予小鼠TZ47(150mg/kg)处理,观察并记录小鼠体重、肿瘤体积、饮食情况等信息。第六周,麻醉小鼠,拍照和记录实验小鼠肿瘤情况,如图17所示,相较于溶剂对照组(DMSO)小鼠,TZ47处理组小鼠肿瘤体积显著偏小。测量肿瘤体积生长曲线结果也证实这一结果(图18):TZ47处理组小鼠肿瘤体积与对照组具有显著差异,而TZ47处理组小鼠的行为、饮食以及体重等指标与对照组并无差异(图19)。我们采用颈椎处死法快速处死小鼠,取出实体瘤,称量肿瘤重量,统计结果表明TZ47具有明显的抑制体内肿瘤生长的活性(图18)。
接下来,我们提取部分实体瘤进行免疫组化实验,HE染色结果显示对照组实体瘤细胞至密,TZ47处理组组织坏死较多,瘤体细胞空隙较大,总体显示对照组HE信号显著强于TZ47处理组(图20),并且Ki-67的免疫组化实验也证实这一结果(图21)。裂解实体瘤蛋白,Western blot结果显示TZ47处理并不影响AURKB的蛋白表达水平,相对于对照组,H3S10ph修饰显著降低,总体统计分析结果也证实上述结果(P<0.05)(图22)。上述实验结果充分证实TZ47具有较理想的分子活性,在体内可以抑制AURKB激酶活性并降低H3S10ph水平,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。
Claims (1)
1.具有下述化学结构的AURKB小分子抑制剂在制备治疗非小细胞肺癌的药物中的应用;
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