CN106545578A - A kind of TC bearings and its manufacture method - Google Patents

A kind of TC bearings and its manufacture method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106545578A
CN106545578A CN201510610979.9A CN201510610979A CN106545578A CN 106545578 A CN106545578 A CN 106545578A CN 201510610979 A CN201510610979 A CN 201510610979A CN 106545578 A CN106545578 A CN 106545578A
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steel
nickel
brazing
base powder
vacuum
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CN106545578B (en
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高莹
娄立艳
韩敬华
陈昌亮
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TIANJIN ZHUJIN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Corp.
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Tianjin University of Technology
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of TC bearings and preparation method thereof, is prepared using paste Nickel-based brazing material, is prepared using vacuum brazing method after brazing material is directly applied between steel bonded carbide and steel body.The present invention reduces welding stress in brazing process using steel bonded carbide so that soldering bond strength increases, it is to avoid hard alloy comes off problem in use, at the same avoid soldering it is not in place cause melt down problem and ensure case hardness.

Description

A kind of TC bearings and its manufacture method
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering goods manufacturing technology field, more particularly, is related to TC bearings and its manufacture method.
Background technology
Hard alloy (TC) journal bearing, is that, using high temperature furnace sintering process method, it is by carcass and hard alloy Jing prickers Welding is manufactured, and is formed by machining.TC bearings are the key fitments of the helicoid hydraulic motor of oil exploitation, existing TC bearings adopt tungsten-cobalt series hard metal for the strengthening material on surface, as tungsten-cobalt series hard metal shrinkage factor is steel body 30% or so, very big internal stress influence using effect can be produced in brazing process, thus solder select need using modeling The good copper base brazing material of property.Copper base solder has many unfavorable factors, and copper base solder first mostly is bulk, it is impossible to put Put between steel body and hard alloy layer, existing preparation method as shown in figure 1, steel body (i.e. bearing body, It is generally cylindric) external peripheral surface on be coaxially disposed hard alloy layer, folder is provided on the outside of hard alloy layer Tight steel sheath, arranges the cuprio pricker of bulk in the upper end of hard alloy layer and between the good steel sheath of steel body Material, then carries out soldering so that copper base solder relies on gravity with top-down flowing aggressive forms under normality air atmosphere Into between steel body and hard alloy layer, to form brazing layer bonding steel body and hard alloy layer, finally in car The part for removing steel sheath and steel body upper end setting copper base solder is processed on the processing equipments such as bed, that is, obtains table Face arranges the steel body (i.e. TC bearings) of hard alloy layer.The process of infiltration of flowing in this preparation method cannot be entered Row monitoring, is often by virtue of experience judged in preparation, it is impossible to ensure copper base solder complete wetting steel body and hard Surface (i.e. lack of fill-out) between alloy-layer, the copper base brazing strength of materials is low in addition, and causing current TC bearings makes With during, hard alloy comes off, and can produce the hard alloy for coming off and close with the hard for not yet coming off after hard alloy comes off Effect between gold, causes the non-serviceable phenomenon of whole workpiece, reduces service life, the use of current TC bearings Life-span is less than 200 hours;The corrosion resistance of copper base solder is poor again, and in oil drilling operation, soldering often occurs in Jing Hard alloy blocks obscission caused by material corrosion.For the problems referred to above, current solution has (1) by virtue of experience Carry out repeatedly melt down soldering, to reach the purpose of abundant infiltration;(2) Jing tests obtain the use longevity of TC bearing samples Life, was changed before service life is reached, to avoid coming off for hard alloy.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, in order to solve solder from lack of fill-out, soldering strength is too low, The problem of corrosion resistance difference, proposes that a kind of employing steel bonded carbide coordinates the TC for carrying out vacuum brazing with Ni-based paste solder The process of preparing of bearing.
The technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
TC bearings and its manufacture method, being coordinated with Ni-based paste solder using steel bonded carbide on steel body surface is carried out The process of vacuum brazing, to form steel bonded carbide layer on steel body surface using brazing layer, wherein in soldering The metal of layer both sides produces metallurgical binding with brazing layer.
The manufacture method of TC bearings, arranges nickel-based solder layer, between steel body and steel bonded carbide to form entirety Part to be brazed, then arranges steel sheath outside overall part to be brazed, overall part to be brazed is protected, most Carry out soldering afterwards under vacuum, brazing temperature is between 900-1100 degree Celsius.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, steel body is TC bearing bodies, according to the use requirement of TC bearings, from high-quality Bearing steel such as GCr15,42CrMo.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, steel sheath selects the conventional outermost layer protection materials of TC field of bearings, for example Q235 steel.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, selection carries out soldering under vacuum, (is not passed through indifferent gas using Raise vacuum degree Body) method, to avoid the impact of oxygen in air, nitrogen, hydrogen and noble gases, the order of magnitude of the vacuum for 0.01Pa (i.e. the minimum order of magnitude of vacuum is 10 above-2Pa), select 0.005-0.02Pa.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, steel bonded carbide for TiC systems steel bonded carbide, such as trade mark GT35, R5, The steel bonded carbide of D1, T1, TM60.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, nickel-based solder layer is made up of, Ni-based pricker Nickel-based brazing material (i.e. Ni-based paste solder) Wlding material is integrally presented paste, is made up of nickel base powder and binding agent, and the mass ratio of nickel base powder and binding agent is (5-10): 1, preferably (7-9):1, wherein:
Binding agent is positive certain herbaceous plants with big flowers alcohol, vaseline or alginate jelly;In nickel base powder, the mass percent of each alloying element is as follows: Carbon is 0.2-0.9%;Silicon is 2-4.7%;Boron is 1.3-3.5%;Chromium is 10-25%;Ferrum is 1-15%;Phosphorus is 1-2%;It is surplus It is remaining for nickel;The oxygen content of nickel base powder is not more than 300ppm.
In nickel base powder, the mass percent of each alloying element is preferably as follows:Carbon is 0.4-0.8%;Silicon is 3-4%;Boron is 1.5-2.5%;Chromium is 15-20%;Ferrum is 5-12%;Phosphorus is 1-2%;Remaining as nickel;The comprehensive oxygen content of nickel base powder is excellent Select 100-200ppm;The granularity of nickel base powder is between 100 to 250 mesh.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the thickness of nickel-based solder layer is grade or Centimeter Level, such as 0.1-0.5mm;1 —3cm。
In above-mentioned technical proposal, application of the above-mentioned Nickel-based brazing material in TC bearings are prepared.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, from room temperature, 20-25 degrees Celsius carry out being warming up to brazing temperature, and programming rate is per minute 5-10 degrees Celsius, it is incubated in brazing temperature, then temperature retention time at least 30min naturally cools to room temperature with stove, Temperature retention time preferably 30-60min.
As Nickel-based brazing material is integrally presented paste and shows as viscosity, between steel body and steel bonded carbide layer When being configured, it is contemplated that Nickel-based brazing material is smeared on the circumferential outer surface of steel body to form nickel-based solder layer first, Steel bonded carbide layer is set on nickel-based solder layer, or Nickel-based brazing material is smeared on steel bonded carbide layer with shape Into nickel-based solder layer, then by nickel-based solder layer with carry out on the circumferential outer surface of steel body it is bonding.
Typically with the matrix of steel, steel can account for the 50%~70% of alloy gross weight to the steel bonded carbide that the present invention is used, wherein Its hard phase is tungsten carbide or titanium carbide etc..At the same time, for compared with ordinary rigid alloy, its toughness index is also obtained Larger improvement.A kind of comprehensive typical organization, that is, tempered martensite after quenching and tempering, can obtained particularly Body+alloy carbide+equally distributed hard phase, has so ensured that the usability such as the intensity of material, hardness, toughness Can require, so that the wearability of steel bonded carbide has obtained considerable degree of raising, due to using based on steel, with The shrinkage factor of TC bearing steel bodies is identical, does not result in the internal stress that soldering thermal stress is greatly reduced in brazing process, So that brazing layer intensity is higher, more firmly, it is to avoid the problem that comes off of hard alloy during use.Nickel-based solder soldering Bond strength is more than copper base solder, while Nickel-based brazing material corrosion resistance is good, is very suitable for soldering steel bonded carbide.
Compared with prior art, the welding that technical scheme is reduced using steel bonded carbide in brazing process should Power so that soldering bond strength increases, it is to avoid hard alloy comes off problem in use;Using paste soldering material Brazing material can be directly applied between steel bonded carbide and steel body and avoid flowing infiltration from top to bottom by material Not enough problem, it is to avoid soldering is not in place cause melt down problem, reduce manufacturing cost, and avoid the damage of excess stock Consumption;Avoided in conventional air brazing process using vacuum brazing technique, the problem of oxidation, soldering surface nature problem, TC bearing surfaces hardness is average up to 70-75HRC, and service life is average up to more than 450 hours.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process parameters figure that TC bearing preparations are carried out in prior art.
Fig. 2 is the process parameters figure that the present invention carries out TC bearing preparations.
Fig. 3 is the picture in kind of the Nickel-based brazing material used in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is 50 times of metallographs that brazing layer both sides different metal and weld seam after soldering are carried out using technical scheme.
Fig. 5 is 1000 times of metallographs that metal and weld seam after soldering are carried out using technical scheme.
Fig. 6 is the braze-welded structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is to carry out mechanical test sample schematic diagram after soldering in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 8 is the braze-welded structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 9 is to carry out mechanical test sample schematic diagram after soldering in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate technical scheme with reference to specific embodiment, embodiment using material be just market The product often sold, is labeled with the trade mark, and those skilled in the art can be bought in market according to the trade mark, can be real Existing technical scheme.
Embodiment 1
Steel body adopts GCr15, external diameter 50mm;Steel bonded carbide adopts TM60 steel bonded carbide blocks, its The a height of 10mm*3mm*2mm of length and width, covers the external peripheral surface of steel body using polylith alloy block;
In nickel base powder, the mass percent (wt%) of each element components is as follows:
Carbon content:0.2%
Silicone content:3.5%
Boron contents:2.2%
Chromium content:7.5%
Iron content:3%
Phosphorus content:1%
Nickel content:It is remaining
The oxygen content of nickel base powder is 300ppm, and granularity is 250 mesh, and weight is 450g.
Binding agent selects positive certain herbaceous plants with big flowers alcohol 50g.
Nickel base powder and binding agent are carried out after mix homogeneously, you can make paste Nickel-based brazing material (solder paste).
By solder paste uniform application between steel body and steel bonded carbide, brazing layer is formed, thickness is 0.1mm, To form overall part to be brazed;Overall part to be brazed is inserted in the steel bushing of Q235 materials of internal diameter 52.1mm, from 1 hour is dried so.
Vacuum brazing is carried out, control vacuum is not less than 6.7 × 10 in whole brazing process-3Pa, will be cased with the whole of steel bushing With stove heat is to 1050 degrees Celsius and is incubated 30min, from room temperature, 20-25 degrees Celsius are heated up body part to be brazed, Programming rate is 5-10 degrees Celsius per minute, cools to 20-25 degrees Celsius of room temperature after incubation with the furnace.
Sample (l is obtained by machining after soldering is completed0=5d0) tested, with reference to new edition national standard GB/T228.1—2010《Metal material stretching test part 1:Room temperature test method》Carry out, using FR -103C Omnipotent mechanics machine, applies pulling force at test two ends, and drafting results show that tensile strength reaches 610MPa.Use Hr -150a Rockwell apparatuses carry out hardness test, and hardness reaches 70HRC.
Embodiment 2
Steel body adopts 42CrMo, external diameter 50mm;Steel bonded carbide adopts R5 steel bonded carbide blocks, its length Wide a height of 10mm*3mm*2mm, covers the external peripheral surface of steel body using polylith alloy block;
In nickel base powder, the mass percent (wt%) of each element components is as follows:
Carbon content:0.85%
Silicone content:4.5%
Boron contents:3.4%
Chromium content:16%
Iron content:8%
Phosphorus content:1%
Nickel content:It is remaining
The oxygen content of nickel base powder is 200ppm, and granularity is 200 mesh, and weight is 540g.
Binding agent selects vaseline 60g.
Nickel base powder and binding agent are carried out after mix homogeneously, you can make paste Nickel-based brazing material (solder paste).
By solder paste uniform application between steel body and steel bonded carbide, brazing layer is formed, thickness is 0.1mm, To form overall part to be brazed;Overall part to be brazed is inserted in the steel bushing of Q235 materials of internal diameter 52.1mm, from 1 hour is dried so.
Vacuum brazing is carried out, control vacuum is not less than 7 × 10 in whole brazing process-3Pa, will be cased with the entirety of steel bushing With stove heat is to 950 degrees Celsius and is incubated 60min, from room temperature, 20-25 degrees Celsius are heated up part to be brazed, are heated up Speed is 5-10 degrees Celsius per minute, cools to 20-25 degrees Celsius of room temperature after incubation with the furnace.
Sample (l is obtained by machining after soldering is completed0=5d0) tested, with reference to new edition national standard GB/T228.1—2010《Metal material stretching test part 1:Room temperature test method》Carry out, using FR -103C Omnipotent mechanics machine, applies pulling force at test two ends, and drafting results show that tensile strength reaches 600MPa.Use Hr -150a Rockwell apparatuses carry out hardness test, and hardness reaches 72HRC.
It is adjusted according to content of the invention open material component, preparation technology and can prepare TC bearings, and shows basic Consistent performance, intensity averagely reach 600-650MPa, and hardness averagely can be to 70-75HRC;Service life averagely may be used Up to 450-470 hours;Morphology characterization is carried out to weld seam and its periphery material using metallurgical microscope simultaneously, is presented attached Shown in Figure 4 and 5, brazing layer both sides different metal is metallurgical binding with weld seam, and no gross imperfection, weld strength have Ensure, also improve overall mechanical strength simultaneously, both mutually confirm.
Do exemplary description above to the present invention, it should explanation, in the case of the core without departing from the present invention, Any simple deformation, modification or other skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent of creative work to fall Enter protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of TC axles, it is characterised in that being coordinated with Ni-based paste solder using steel bonded carbide on steel body surface is carried out Vacuum brazing, to form steel bonded carbide layer on steel body surface using brazing layer, wherein in the gold of brazing layer both sides Category produces metallurgical binding with brazing layer.
2. a kind of TC axles according to claim 1, it is characterised in that steel body is GCr15,42CrMo.
3. a kind of TC axles according to claim 1, it is characterised in that steel bonded carbide ties hard for the steel of TiC systems Alloy.
4. a kind of TC axles according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Ni-based paste solder is by nickel base powder and binding agent The mass ratio of composition, nickel base powder and binding agent is (5-10):1, preferably (7-9):1, wherein:Binding agent is Positive certain herbaceous plants with big flowers alcohol, vaseline or alginate jelly;In nickel base powder, the mass percent of each alloying element is as follows:Carbon is 0.2-0.9%; Silicon is 2-4.7%;Boron is 1.3-3.5%;Chromium is 10-25%;Ferrum is 1-15%;Phosphorus is 1-2%;Remaining as nickel;It is Ni-based The oxygen content of powder is not more than 300ppm;In nickel base powder, the mass percent of each alloying element is preferably as follows:Carbon is 0.4-0.8%;Silicon is 3-4%;Boron is 1.5-2.5%;Chromium is 15-20%;Ferrum is 5-12%;Phosphorus is 1-2%;Remaining as nickel; The comprehensive oxygen content preferably 100-200ppm of nickel base powder;The granularity of nickel base powder is between 100 to 250 mesh.
5. a kind of TC axles according to claim 1, it is characterised in that carry out soldering under vacuum, using rising The method of vacuum, to avoid the impact of oxygen in air, nitrogen, hydrogen and noble gases, quantity of the vacuum for 0.01Pa More than level, 0.005-0.02Pa is selected, brazing temperature is between 900-1100 degree Celsius;From 20-25 degrees Celsius of room temperature Carry out being warming up to brazing temperature, programming rate is 5-10 degrees Celsius per minute, is incubated in brazing temperature, is incubated Time at least 30min, then naturally cools to room temperature, temperature retention time preferably 30-60min with stove.
6. a kind of preparation method of TC axles, it is characterised in that nickel-based solder layer is set between steel body and steel bonded carbide, To form overall part to be brazed, steel sheath is set outside overall part to be brazed then, overall part to be brazed is entered Row protection, finally carries out soldering under vacuum, brazing temperature between 900-1100 degree Celsius, wherein
Nickel-based solder layer is made up of Nickel-based brazing material, and Nickel-based brazing material is integrally presented paste, by nickel base powder and bonding Agent is constituted, and the mass ratio of nickel base powder and binding agent is (5-10):1, preferably (7-9):1, wherein:Binding agent For positive certain herbaceous plants with big flowers alcohol, vaseline or alginate jelly;In nickel base powder, the mass percent of each alloying element is as follows:Carbon is 0.2-0.9%;Silicon is 2-4.7%;Boron is 1.3-3.5%;Chromium is 10-25%;Ferrum is 1-15%;Phosphorus is 1-2%;Remaining as Nickel;The oxygen content of nickel base powder is not more than 300ppm;
Soldering is carried out under vacuum, using the method for Raise vacuum degree (not being passed through noble gases), to avoid air The impact of middle oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and noble gases, vacuum are more than the order of magnitude of 0.01Pa (the i.e. minimum number of vacuum Magnitude is 10-2Pa), select 0.005-0.02Pa;
From room temperature, 20-25 degrees Celsius carry out being warming up to brazing temperature, and programming rate is 5-10 degrees Celsius per minute, in pricker It is incubated in weldering temperature, then temperature retention time at least 30min naturally cools to room temperature with stove, temperature retention time preferably 30- 60min。
7. the preparation method of TC axles according to claim 6, it is characterised in that steel body is GCr15,42CrMo.
8. the preparation method of TC axles according to claim 6, it is characterised in that steel of the steel bonded carbide for TiC systems Bond hard alloy.
9. the preparation method of TC axles according to claim 6, it is characterised in that steel sheath selects Q235 steel.
10. the preparation method of TC axles according to claim 6, it is characterised in that, the thickness of nickel-based solder layer is millimeter Level or Centimeter Level, such as 0.1-0.5mm;1—3cm.
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CN107138922A (en) * 2017-07-01 2017-09-08 济源华新石油机械有限公司 A kind of preparation method of TC bearings
CN110091023A (en) * 2019-06-11 2019-08-06 莱芜职业技术学院 A kind of vacuum welding method of titanium carbide steel bonded carbide and steel alloy
CN111468720A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-07-31 北京春仑石油技术开发有限公司 Method for manufacturing radial centralizing sliding bearing static ring
CN113319464A (en) * 2020-09-01 2021-08-31 郑州机械研究所有限公司 Annular nickel-based self-brazing solder and preparation method and application thereof
CN114952076A (en) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-30 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 Nickel-based brazing filler metal and preparation method and application thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107138922A (en) * 2017-07-01 2017-09-08 济源华新石油机械有限公司 A kind of preparation method of TC bearings
CN110091023A (en) * 2019-06-11 2019-08-06 莱芜职业技术学院 A kind of vacuum welding method of titanium carbide steel bonded carbide and steel alloy
CN111468720A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-07-31 北京春仑石油技术开发有限公司 Method for manufacturing radial centralizing sliding bearing static ring
CN113319464A (en) * 2020-09-01 2021-08-31 郑州机械研究所有限公司 Annular nickel-based self-brazing solder and preparation method and application thereof
CN113319464B (en) * 2020-09-01 2023-02-21 郑州机械研究所有限公司 Annular nickel-based self-brazing solder and preparation method and application thereof
CN114952076A (en) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-30 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 Nickel-based brazing filler metal and preparation method and application thereof
CN114952076B (en) * 2022-05-12 2023-10-27 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 Nickel-based brazing filler metal and preparation method and application thereof

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