CN106542846B - 一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包括如下步骤:S1、按重量分称取活性氧化铝粉30‑50份、拟薄水铝石3‑8份、去离子水37‑65份及无机酸2‑5份;S2、将S1中的拟薄水铝置石于去离子水中搅拌并加入适量的无机酸获得第一拟薄水铝石溶胶;S3、按重量分称取活性氧化铝粉5‑20份、拟薄水铝石2‑4份、去离子水73‑92份及无机酸1‑3份;S4、将S3中的拟薄水铝石置于去离子水中搅拌并加入适量的无机酸制得第二拟薄水铝石溶胶。本发明具有烧成温度低、抗折强度高、体积密度小、比表面积大、泡沫陶瓷活性高等特点,并且其制备工艺简单、成本低廉,适合于大规模推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
氧化铝泡沫陶瓷具有气孔率高、体积密度小、比表面积适中、热震性好、耐高温、耐化学腐蚀、良好的机械强度等优良性能,广泛应用于催化剂载体、热交换材料、汽车尾气净化器、熔融态金属过滤、热能回收、高温除尘、污水处理、隔音材料等领域。氧化铝泡沫陶瓷大多以氧化铝细粉、高岭土、钾长石、硅微粉等为原料制成浆料,利用聚氨酯泡沫挂浆处理制成泡沫预制体素坯,素坯需经1400℃以上的高温烧结才能得到氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。如此高的烧结温度,不仅大幅降低了泡沫陶瓷比表面积(比表面积仅为2-3m2/g),还大幅降低了泡沫陶瓷基材氧化铝的活性,使其在高效能催化、高效能吸附领域应用受到一定的限制,氧化铝泡沫陶瓷作为催化剂载体或吸附剂时,增大泡沫陶瓷的比表面积保持氧化铝基体的活性是提高催化效率的关键。为此,我们提一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷制备方法,它具有烧成温度低、抗折抗压强度高、体积密度小、比表面积大、基体活性高等特点,并且其制备工艺简单、成本低廉,以克服现有技术的不足。
本发明提出了一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、按重量分称取活性氧化铝粉30-50份、拟薄水铝石3-8份、去离子水37-65份及无机酸2-5份;
S2、将S1中的拟薄水铝置石于去离子水中搅拌并加入适量的无机酸获得第一拟薄水铝石溶胶,在第一拟薄水铝石溶胶中加入活性氧化铝粉充分搅拌后得到一次陶瓷浆料;然后利用聚氨酯泡沫在一次陶瓷浆料中浸渍挂浆,采用辊压机以2:1-3:1的挤压比去除聚氨酯泡沫上的多余浆料,得到泡沫陶瓷预制体,将预制体在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后得到泡沫陶瓷预制体素坯,将素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至600-800℃,保温2h,随炉自然冷却至室温得到一次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷;
S3、按重量分称取活性氧化铝粉5-20份、拟薄水铝石2-4份、去离子水73-92份及无机酸1-3份;
S4、将S3中的拟薄水铝石置于去离子水中搅拌并加入适量的无机酸制得第二拟薄水铝石溶胶,在第二拟薄水铝石溶胶中加入适量活性氧化铝粉充分搅拌后得到二次陶瓷浆料;然后利用S2中的一次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷在二次陶瓷浆料中真空浸渍挂浆得到二次挂浆素坯,将二次挂浆素坯在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后,再将二次素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至500-800℃,保温2h;随炉自然冷却至室温得二次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷;
S5、将二次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷放置在S4制得的二次陶瓷浆中真空浸渍挂浆得到三次挂浆素坯,将三次挂浆素坯在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后,再将三次素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至500-800℃,保温2h;随炉自然冷却至室温得高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。
优选的,所述聚氨酯泡沫开气孔率>99%,孔径为0.2-3.5mm,泡沫尺寸可根据需要进行裁剪。
优选的,所述活性氧化铝粉可以是γ氧化铝或ρ氧化铝,粒度范围在1μm-74μm之间。
优选的,所述拟薄水铝石为胶溶性拟薄水铝石。
优选的,所述无机酸为硝酸、盐酸或三氯乙酸。
优选的,一次陶瓷浆料中拟薄水铝石的质量百分比为3-8%,活性氧化铝粉的质量百分比为30-50%;二次陶瓷浆料中拟薄水铝石的质量百分比为2-4%,后续挂浆陶瓷浆料中活性氧化铝粉的质量百分比为5-20%。
优选的,在S2中,将聚氨酯泡沫进行裁剪并挤压排除空气后浸泡到预制体浆料中,让其自由伸展并不断搅拌挤压揉搓,使浆料均匀地涂挂在聚氨酯泡沫上,捞出聚氨酯泡沫。
本发明利用拟薄水铝石溶胶作为粘结剂、活性氧化铝粉为骨料、聚氨酯泡沫为模板,采用一次浆料挂浆烧成定型,二次浆料挂浆补强补活的方式实现了高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷制备。本发明具有烧成温度低、抗折强度高、体积密度小、比表面积大、泡沫陶瓷活性高等特点,并且其制备工艺简单、成本低廉,适合于大规模推广。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明做进一步说明。
一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、按重量分称取活性氧化铝粉40份、拟薄水铝石3-8份、去离子水37-65份及无机酸2-5份;
S2、将S1中的拟薄水铝置石于去离子水中搅拌并加入适量的无机酸获得第一拟薄水铝石溶胶,在第一拟薄水铝石溶胶中加入活性氧化铝粉充分搅拌后得到一次陶瓷浆料;然后利用聚氨酯泡沫在一次陶瓷浆料中浸渍挂浆,采用辊压机以2:1-3:1的挤压比去除聚氨酯泡沫上的多余浆料,得到泡沫陶瓷预制体,将预制体在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后得到泡沫陶瓷预制体素坯,将素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至600-800℃,保温2h,随炉自然冷却至室温得到一次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷;
S3、按重量分称取活性氧化铝粉5-20份、拟薄水铝石2-4份、去离子水73-92份及无机酸1-3份;
S4、将S3中的拟薄水铝石置于去离子水中搅拌并加入适量的无机酸制得第二拟薄水铝石溶胶,在第二拟薄水铝石溶胶中加入适量活性氧化铝粉充分搅拌后得到二次陶瓷浆料;然后利用S2中的一次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷在二次陶瓷浆料中真空浸渍挂浆得到二次挂浆素坯,将二次挂浆素坯在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后,再将二次素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至500-800℃,保温2h;随炉自然冷却至室温得二次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷;
S5、将二次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷放置在S4制得的二次陶瓷浆中真空浸渍挂浆得到三次挂浆素坯,将三次挂浆素坯在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后,再将三次素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至500-800℃,保温2h;随炉自然冷却至室温得高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。
其中,所述聚氨酯泡沫开气孔率>99%,孔径为0.2-3.5mm,泡沫尺寸可根据需要进行裁剪;所述活性氧化铝粉可以是γ氧化铝或ρ氧化铝,粒度范围在1μm-74μm之间;所述拟薄水铝石为胶溶性拟薄水铝石;所述无机酸为硝酸、盐酸或三氯乙酸;一次陶瓷浆料中拟薄水铝石的质量百分比为3-8%,活性氧化铝粉的质量百分比为30-50%;二次陶瓷浆料中拟薄水铝石的质量百分比为2-4%,后续挂浆陶瓷浆料中活性氧化铝粉的质量百分比为5-20%。
实施例一:当一次陶瓷浆料中活性氧化铝粉40份、拟薄水铝石5份、去离子水52份、硝酸3份;二次浆料中活性氧化铝粉10份、拟薄水铝石3份、去离子水85份及硝酸2份。
经检高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷测抗折强度达0.43MPa,比表面积为160.5m2/g,体积密度为0.31g/cm3,物相结构为γ-Al2O3。
实施例二:当一次陶瓷浆料中活性氧化铝粉50份、拟薄水铝石8份、去离子水38份、盐酸4份;二次浆料中活性氧化铝粉15份、拟薄水铝石3份、去离子水80份及盐酸2份。
经检高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷测抗折强度达1.25MPa,比表面积为184.7m2/g,体积密度为0.43g/cm3,物相结构为γ-Al2O3。
实施例三:当一次陶瓷浆料中活性氧化铝粉30份、拟薄水铝石8份、去离子水58份、硝酸4份;二次浆料中活性氧化铝粉5份、拟薄水铝石4份、去离子水89份及硝酸2份。
经检高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷测抗折强度达1.81MPa,比表面积为217.4m2/g,体积密度为0.55g/cm3,物相结构为γ-Al2O3。
在实际的运用过程中,二次挂浆烧成的高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷继续放入二次陶瓷浆料真空浸渍挂浆得到三次挂浆素坯,将三次挂浆素坯在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后,再将三次素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至500-800℃,保温2h;随炉自然冷却至室温得三次高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、按重量份称取活性氧化铝粉30-50份、拟薄水铝石3-8份、去离子水37-65份及无机
酸2-5份;
S2、将S1中的拟薄水铝石置于去离子水中搅拌并加入适量的无机酸获得第一拟薄水铝石溶胶,在第一拟薄水铝石溶胶中加入活性氧化铝粉充分搅拌后得到一次陶瓷浆料;然后利用聚氨酯泡沫在一次陶瓷浆料中浸渍挂浆,采用辊压机以2:1-3:1的挤压比去除聚氨酯泡沫上的多余浆料,得到泡沫陶瓷预制体,将预制体在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后得到泡沫陶瓷预制体素坯,将素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至600-800℃,保温2h,随炉自然冷却至室温得到一次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷;
S3、按重量份称取活性氧化铝粉5-20份、拟薄水铝石2-4份、去离子水73-92份及无机酸1-3份;
S4、将S3中的拟薄水铝石置于去离子水中搅拌并加入适量的无机酸制得第二拟薄水铝石溶胶,在第二拟薄水铝石溶胶中加入适量活性氧化铝粉充分搅拌后得到二次陶瓷浆料;然后利用S2中的一次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷在二次陶瓷浆料中真空浸渍挂浆得到二次挂浆素坯,将二次挂浆素坯在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后,再将二次素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至500-800℃,保温2h;随炉自然冷却至室温得二次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷;
S5、将二次挂浆烧成的泡沫陶瓷放置在S4制得的二次陶瓷浆中真空浸渍挂浆得到三次挂浆素坯,将三次挂浆素坯在60-80℃的恒温烘箱中干燥12-24h后,再将三次素坯置于箱式炉内以100-200℃/h的升温速率升温至500-800℃,保温2h;随炉自然冷却至室温得高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯泡沫开气孔率>99%,孔径为0.2-3.5mm,泡沫尺寸可根据需要进行裁剪。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述活性氧化铝粉可以是γ氧化铝或ρ氧化铝,粒度范围在1μm-74μm之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述拟薄水铝石为胶溶性拟薄水铝石。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无机酸为硝酸或盐酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,一次陶瓷浆料中拟薄水铝石的质量百分比为3-8%,活性氧化铝粉的质量百分比为30-50%;二次陶瓷浆料中拟薄水铝石的质量百分比为2-4%,后续挂浆陶瓷浆料中活性氧化铝粉的质量百分比为5-20%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高比表面积高强度氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,在S2中,将聚氨酯泡沫进行裁剪并挤压排除空气后浸泡到预制体浆料中,让其自由伸展并不断搅拌挤压揉搓,使浆料均匀地涂挂在聚氨酯泡沫上,捞出聚氨酯泡沫。
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