CN106536684B - 适合柴油发动机的新燃料配方 - Google Patents

适合柴油发动机的新燃料配方 Download PDF

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CN106536684B
CN106536684B CN201580005394.2A CN201580005394A CN106536684B CN 106536684 B CN106536684 B CN 106536684B CN 201580005394 A CN201580005394 A CN 201580005394A CN 106536684 B CN106536684 B CN 106536684B
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罗萨里奥·洛克·图利诺
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Abstract

用于柴油发动机的新燃料使用一部分的标准柴油和两组不同特征评级的成份配制。第一组由重新调整的化学物质组成，而第二组由适当平衡的植物油的混合物制成。用这种配方获得的燃料具有较好的热力学性能并允许二氧化碳(CO2)和颗粒物(PT)输出的明显减少，它们分别减少了大约50％和60％。

Description

适合柴油发动机的新燃料配方
标题为“适合柴油发动机的新燃料配方”的工业发明的说明书。
柴油循环工作的热机的热力学性能比用汽油或GPL燃烧的奥托循环的热机高约30％。通过有目的地重新调整燃料的使用可提高并最优化柴油发动机的最佳效率，目的是为了提高热力学性能，其为任务转换在经济回报方面。
由于混合物内适当比例的特定成份的存在，本发明的配方主题改善了燃料点火级和热能基调。包含在混合物中的植物油有利于在各成份间协调并接受燃料消耗和污染输出减少。二氧化碳(CO2)减少了约50％和颗粒物(PT)减少了约60％。
开发技术上有用的适合大量扩散的产品的想法还应满足环保要求。本发明的燃料配方主题将发动机热力学效率和环保需求结合，大规模燃料产品应与环境和经济有利协调。
柴油发动机在机械作业中有6％至10％的转化衰减(取决于其构造)，无论由于低湍流流动的低转速或在燃烧室中由于燃料短暂停留的高转速。原因肯定是由于燃料混合物的不完全和故障燃烧，因为具有高氢含量的颗粒首先燃烧(低燃烧)，而较高气化(高沸点)的颗粒热化学分解几乎产生纯碳，其造成降低的可燃性，在温度较低的区域，产生未燃尽的煤灰与形成和排放的黄色火焰的扩散。
由于要起初除去这样的紧急情况的原因，有必要将火焰速度提高到120-150米/秒，以尽可能快地提高热能并尽可能多地均匀减少激活在燃烧室内的整个反应的能量的量，避免燃烧已经被延迟的区域。
发动机制造商面临着使用电动解决方案和在旨在使用旋转旁路管道和活塞碰撞的各种设备的帮助下提高湍流的问题。他们还用带导向板的阀门和带MAN系统的中间球，以及类似的技术。
结果无疑是令人赞赏的，但是它们没有制作燃料可获得的一般效果，这无疑是该问题的主要原因，通过在混合物中特定成份的使用能够减少前面提到的不利的原因。
在配方中使用碳酸二乙酯，我们在燃烧室中将具有从该分子裂解衍生的合适的量的氧气，因为其在碳酸二乙酯中的存在在40％以上。作为氧气，一种大量的反应物，它具有原子的特殊性，其自动将自身与在混合物中且为烟熏的来源的难以燃烧的分子在微秒内连接。
在第一组成份中有硝酸酯的特定混合(硝基甲烷、硝酸戊酯、2-己基硝酸酯)在所有的燃烧室部件内产生极度放大的和均匀的湍流状态，避免延迟的或不完全燃烧的区域。
在植物油混合物中的荷荷巴油(西蒙得木)，在pH7抵消并且脱胶，具有高的十六烷值，其以完美的协同作用与碳酸二乙酯和硝酸酯混合物反应，作为植物油混合物一部分的其它的油如山茶花油(camellia sasanqua)(西亚山茶花(thea sasanqua))、芸苔芥油(brassica carinata)、麻风树油(jatropha curcas)与其它成份完全兼容，因此可以显著量，约30％体积用在配方中。
从在几种类型的柴油发动机上进行的实验，我们得出，通过将体积40％的两组成份和标准柴油混合获得最佳配方体积的组成，从而使配制的燃料(本发明的主题)具有高于50的十六烷值，并且与标准柴油的耗尽量相比，环境中二氧化碳(CO2)的耗尽量减少了50％，因为通过植物油燃烧产生的二氧化碳(CO2)在蔬菜植物生长过程中已经被转移。
应当强调的是，作为已通过由工业专利申请所涉及的合成工艺生产的目的的新分子，碳酸二乙酯约其80％源于可再生能源，而植物油100％源于可再生能源。
事实上，燃料的污染排放减少约50％。此外，在这个过程中使用的油养殖在表层土壤没有预留给农业粮食作物，避免与农业土壤的使用相关的具体问题。使用适当的提取技术，植物油的工业制造成本比原油低。
由于上述处理的结果，用本发明配方主题制成的燃料满足了能量的需求(对于更高的热力学性能)和绿色需求，因为它提供了二氧化碳(CO2)的减少(约50％)和颗粒物的减少(约50％)，由于燃料消耗的减少和在热力学转化率上更好的性能具有有益的经济效益的保证。
本发明的主题，燃料配方的体积组成在图1中说明。图1为根据本发明的柴油发动机的燃料配方的最佳体积百分比的示意图。

Claims (14)

1.柴油发动机的燃料配方，其由以下成份组成：
(i)组1成份，所述组1成份由体积百分比为0.1％-2％的硝基甲烷CH3NO2，体积百分比为0.1％-2％的丙酮CH3-CO-CH3，体积百分比为0.5％-3％的2-己基硝酸酯，体积百分比为0.5％-3％的硝酸戊酯CH3(CH2)4ONO2，体积百分比为0.5％-3％的乙醛CH3CHO，体积百分比为0.5％-3％的环己烷C6H12和体积百分比为2％-10％的碳酸二乙酯组成；
(ii)组2成份，所述组2成份由体积百分比为3％-25％山茶花油，体积百分比为3％-20％的芸苔芥油，体积百分比为3％-12％的荷荷芭油和体积百分比为3％-15％的麻风树油组成，和
(iii)标准柴油，
其中组1和组2成份的体积百分比为燃料配方的10％至60％，
所述体积百分比是基于燃料配方总体积的体积比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，组1和组2成份的体积百分比为燃料配方的15％至50％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，组1和组2成份的体积百分比为燃料配方的40％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，硝基甲烷CH3NO2的体积百分比为燃料配方的0.5％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，2-己基硝酸酯的体积百分比为燃料配方的1％至2％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，2-己基硝酸酯的体积百分比为燃料配方的1％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，荷荷巴油的体积百分比为燃料配方的3％至10％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，荷荷巴油的体积百分比为燃料配方的5％。
9.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，山茶花油的体积百分比为燃料配方的5％至15％。
10.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，山茶花油的体积百分比为燃料配方的10％。
11.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，麻风树油的体积百分比为燃料配方的5％。
12.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其特征在于，芸苔芥油的体积百分比为燃料配方的10％。
13.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其具有高于50的十六烷值。
14.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的燃料配方，其提供50％的二氧化碳和60％的颗粒物排放的减少。
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