CN106533526A - On-off analog beamforming system constrained by independent power - Google Patents
On-off analog beamforming system constrained by independent power Download PDFInfo
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- CN106533526A CN106533526A CN201611111321.4A CN201611111321A CN106533526A CN 106533526 A CN106533526 A CN 106533526A CN 201611111321 A CN201611111321 A CN 201611111321A CN 106533526 A CN106533526 A CN 106533526A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an on-off analog beamforming system constrained by independent power. The on-off analog beamforming system comprises a transmitting end radio frequency chain, a radio frequency switch assembly and a receiving end radio frequency chain, wherein the transmitting end radio frequency chain is connected with an input end of the radio frequency switch assembly; an output end of the radio frequency switch assembly is connected with the receiving end radio frequency chain; the radio frequency switch assembly comprises N transmitting radio frequency switches and N transmitting radio frequency antennas; the radio frequency switch assembly selects one radio frequency switch to serve as a receiving radio frequency switch to realize point-to-point transmission, and controls the radio frequency on-off state of the radio frequency switch assembly according to channel information in order to maximize a received signal-to-noise ratio; and the transmitting power of each transmitting radio frequency antenna of the radio frequency switch assembly is constrained independently by the transmitting power of a transmitter. Through adoption of the on-off analog beamforming system constrained by the independent power, an on-off analog beamforming gain is realized by an analog switch; all the selected radio frequency antennas are directly connected to corresponding radio frequency chains; and a complete multiplexing gain and all diversity gains can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of analog beam formation system, more particularly to a kind of switch analog wave constrained by independent power
Beam shaping system.
Background technology
In the potential technology of following 5G, it has proved that system spectrum can be imitated by extensive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)
Rate improves several times.Typical extensive mimo system is cellular communication, wherein base station (BS) equipped with a large amount of antennas servicing shifting
Employ family.Additionally, with the development of high-frequency communication (especially greater than 30GHz), a large amount of antennas be not only it is possible, but also must
The little array gain caused due to compact antenna size must be compensated.
Digital beam-forming is to develop good technology in mimo system, and which has flexibility, adaptability and performance optimization
Advantage.However, digital beam-forming is too expensive and too wasted work rate is may not apply in extensive MIMO, because each antenna
Expensive with one RF (radio frequency) chain is connected, generally by power amplifier, modulus or digital to analog converter, analog converter and mixed
Frequency device etc. is constituted.
With the development of the development of high-frequency communication, particularly 60GHz, due to the size of compact aerial, substantial amounts of antenna
May and not be still must be for compensating little array gain.In order to save rf chain in digital beam froming (RF chains into
This and power consumption are very high) number, to the Wave beam forming operation of analog domain using phase shifter and power amplifier in RF domains
Method, has regained more concerns.The design of simulation RF frameworks and beamforming algorithm is thorough in some publications
Research.These work show, compared with the conventional architectures using digital beam froming, the performance deficiency formed using analog beam
It is rational by reducing hardware spending cost.Although analog beam be formed with power and cost in terms of advantage, setting
During meter RF hardware, especially for millimeter wave (mm-wave) carrier signal, complete analog beam formation and can run into huge challenge
And integrity problem.Also it is proposed that some simple analog beams form structure to reduce its hardware complexity in prior art
Degree, but to reduce what performance was realized as cost.As phase shifter, the radio-frequency power amplifier with variable gain also ten
Divide necessity, this is also such that in realizing that analog beam is still challenging and expensive when being formed.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is that needs offer is a kind of rationally controls cost, small volume, speed soon, linearly
The high switch simulation beamforming system constrained by independent power of bandwidth and frequency.
In this regard, the present invention provides a kind of switch simulation beamforming system constrained by independent power, including：Transmitting end-fire
Frequency chain, radio frequency switch assembly and receiving terminal rf chain, the transmitting terminal rf chain are connected with the input of radio frequency switch assembly,
The output end of the radio frequency switch assembly is connected with the receiving terminal rf chain；Wherein, the radio frequency switch assembly includes N number of
Transmitting RF switch and N number of with the transmitting corresponding transmitting radio-frequency antenna of RF switch, N is the number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, N
Take natural number；The radio frequency switch assembly selects a RF switch as RF switch is received, to realize launching RF switch
Have with the channel between the point-to-point transmission between RF switch, and the transmitting RF switch and reception RF switch is received
Gaussian Profile is independently distributed variable, and the switch simulation beamforming system controls radio frequency switch assembly according to channel information
RF switch state is maximizing received signal to noise ratio；The transmission power of each transmitting radio-frequency antenna of the radio frequency switch assembly
Individually constrained by the transmission power of emitter.
Further improvement of the present invention is, the input of N number of transmitting RF switch with the transmitting terminal radio frequency
The output end of chain is connected, and the output end of each transmitting RF switch is respectively connecting to one and penetrates correspondingly therewith
Frequency antenna.
Further improvement of the present invention is that the radio frequency switch assembly is also included receiving RF switch and penetrated with reception
Frequency switchs corresponding reception radio-frequency antenna, and the input of the reception RF switch is connected to one-to-one reception therewith and penetrates
Frequency antenna, the output end of the reception RF switch are connected with the input of the receiving terminal rf chain.
Further improvement of the present invention is that, in the transmitting terminal rf chain, emitter is connected to by power amplifier
The input of current divider, the output end of the current divider are connected to the transmitting RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly.
Further improvement of the present invention is, in the receiving terminal rf chain, receiver is connected by low-noise amplifier
To the output end of combiner, the input of the combiner is connected to the reception RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly.
Further improvement of the present invention is that the baseband receiving signals system model of the receiver is
Receiver receive signal to noise ratio beWherein, PoFor the transmission power of emitter；hjFor j-th
Penetrate radio-frequency antenna and receive the channel coefficients between radio-frequency antenna, hj, 0≤j≤N is to obey multiple Gauss distribution CN (0,1)
Independent same distribution variable；Base band sending signals of the x for emitter；N～CN (0, σ2) represent receiver white Gaussian noise；T is
The set of transmitting radio-frequency antenna；|∑j∈Thj|2For the signal power of receiver.
Further improvement of the present invention is that each transmitting radio-frequency antenna is sent with its maximized transmission power penetrates
Frequency signal.
Further improvement of the present invention is that the switch simulation beamforming system controls radio frequency according to channel information and opens
The RF switch state for closing component is comprised the following steps with maximizing received signal to noise ratio：
Step S1, according to the channel coefficients of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, draws the orthogonal vertical line of N bars for this N number of channel coefficients,
The complex plane of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna composition is divided into into common 2N sector；
Step S2, to each sector, determines a correspondence set VK；
Step S3, to first set V1, calculate all channel coefficients sums therein
Step S4, calculates wherein all of channel coefficients sum successively to set below
K (k=2 ..., 2N)；
Step S5, to all of fk, select one of its maximum absolute value；By the f of maximum absolute valuekCorresponding set
VKAs the set T of transmitting radio-frequency antenna.
Further improvement of the present invention is, in step S2, if i-th channel coefficients hiIn sector, the projection of k is
Positive number, then hi∈Vk；Otherwise
Further improvement of the present invention is, in step S1, depicts N number of channel coefficients hj(j=1；2；…；N)
Two-dimentional complex plane, its trunnion axis and the longitudinal axis correspond to real part and imaginary part respectively；Then to each channel coefficients hjDraw which to pass through
The cross line of origin, obtains 2N sector.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is：Based on channel condition information, multiple transmitting radio-frequency antennas
In each be switched on or disconnect to realize beam forming, can substantially reduce and adopt in traditional analog beamforming system
High cost, power consumption and bulky analog phase shifter, the present invention realized out only using simple analog switch
Close analog beam and form gain, institute selectively a radio-frequency antenna be directly connected to a corresponding rf chain and without the need for other radio frequencies
Any pre-processing device such as chain or phase shifter, the effect of switch simulation beamforming system of the present invention is by selecting one
Point radio-frequency antenna simply realizing, and the diversity gain of complete spatial multiplexing gain and whole can be realized.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of digital beam froming switch in prior art；
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of simulation Wave beam forming switch in prior art；
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of day line options in prior art；
Fig. 5 is the detailed system model schematic of an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the principle schematic that complex plane is divided into 8 sectors for 4 channel coefficients in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is an embodiment of the present invention by increasing antenna amount come the signal of the Normalized Signal/Noise Ratio of simulated receiver
Figure；
Fig. 8 is an embodiment of the present invention by the momentary rate realized to each channel averagely obtaining receiver
Average achievable speed emulation schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is probabilistic simulation schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention receiver signal to noise ratio less than given threshold value.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the preferably embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in figure 1, this example provides a kind of switch simulation beamforming system constrained by independent power, including：Transmitting
End rf chain, radio frequency switch assembly and receiving terminal rf chain, the input phase of the transmitting terminal rf chain and radio frequency switch assembly
Connection, the output end of the radio frequency switch assembly are connected with the receiving terminal rf chain；Wherein, the radio frequency switch assembly bag
N number of transmitting RF switch and N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna corresponding with transmitting RF switch are included, N is transmitting radio-frequency antenna
Number, N take natural number；The radio frequency switch assembly selects a RF switch as RF switch is received, to realize that transmitting is penetrated
Frequency switchs and receives the letter between the point-to-point transmission between RF switch, and the transmitting RF switch and reception RF switch
Road has the variable that is independently distributed of Gaussian Profile, and the switch simulation beamforming system controls RF switch according to channel information
The RF switch state of component is maximizing received signal to noise ratio；Each of the radio frequency switch assembly launches sending out for radio-frequency antenna
Penetrate power individually to be constrained by the transmission power of emitter.
As shown in figure 1, the input of N number of transmitting RF switch is connected with the output end of the transmitting terminal rf chain
Connect, the output end of each transmitting RF switch is respectively connecting to one and launches radio-frequency antenna therewith correspondingly；It is described to penetrate
Frequency switch module also includes receiving RF switch and the reception radio-frequency antenna corresponding with RF switch is received, and the reception is penetrated
The input of frequency switch is connected to, and the output end of the reception RF switch is and institute
The input for stating receiving terminal rf chain is connected.
From unlike traditional AF structures, this example proposition is replaced stupid using this simple analog switch of RF switch
Completing to switch the realization of simulation Wave beam forming, this example is referred to as OABF to the phase shifter of weight and costliness, that is, described is based on
Switch simulation beamforming system abbreviation OABF, i.e. the On-off Analog Beamforming of forward antenna power constraint.Thing
In reality, the RF switch on market is widely used in wireless transceiver, and they have very attracting category
Property, for example, cheap, small volume and speed are fast, hardly power consumption, linear bandwidth and high-frequency etc..Particularly, this example with
Maximized by the SNR for controlling the on off state of radio-frequency antenna to cause and receiving according to channel information, SNR is signal to noise ratio.Find radio frequency
The optimal subset of antenna looks like a combinatorial optimization problem, that is, usually said NP-hard (nondeterministic polynomial is asked
Topic).
It is noted that this example solves specifically to switch analog beam shape using orthogonal matching pursuit strategy simultaneously
Into, it appears that its difficulty is with antenna amount exponential increase.But it is true contrary with intuition, it has been found that only linear complexity with
Polynomial complexity is determining the on off state of each radio-frequency antenna.Importantly, this example is theoretically proved described in this example
Switch simulation beamforming system (OABF) can realize the diversity gain of complete spatial multiplexing gain and whole, open based on described in this example
Close analog beam formation system and the RF switch state of radio frequency switch assembly is controlled to maximize reception noise according to channel information
Compare the step of.The radio-frequency antenna includes transmitting radio-frequency antenna and receives radio-frequency antenna.
Described in this example, switch simulation Wave beam forming is substantially different with the subset antenna selecting plan that Jing is fully studied, wherein from
Optimal k antenna is selected altogether in N number of antenna.In traditional day line options, each selected antenna is by a RF chain (or
Individual simulation shift unit) connect to realize coherent combination.Therefore, k generally determined by the quantity of available RF chains, and Wave beam forming effect
Should be from the signal transacting of RF chains (or phase shifter).And in switch simulation beamforming system (OABF) described in this example, own
The radio-frequency antenna of selection is directly connected to a RF chain without any pre-processing device, i.e., do not pass through other RF chains and phase shift
Any pre-processing device such as device, the effect of the switch simulation beamforming system is by selecting the radio-frequency antenna of a part letter
Singly realize.
The introduction about the construction of OABF is as follows：In order to compare, three of the prior art are looked back first typically existing many days
The structure of line Wave beam forming, digital beam froming, the analog beam of phase alignment are formed and day line options.
In current most wireless system, overall optimum Wave beam forming is realized in numeric field, each of which
Behind individual antenna, an adjoint rf chain is, in order to be translated into baseband digital signal, to be not only the phase place of amplitude and signal
Also make corresponding adjustment with the situation of numeric field, its structure chart is as shown in Figure 2；In the communication with high-frequency and wide bandwidth
In, the cost of rf chain, especially price and space cost are more much higher than antenna.
For millimetre-wave attenuator, the gain of the size and antenna of antenna is greatly reduced；When will tie up in low frequency system
Hold antenna gain, Wave beam forming mode needs substantial amounts of antenna to send be requisite.However, substantial amounts of antenna is certain to
Dramatically increase the cost of rf chain in digital beamforming system.Therefore, other Wave beam forming schemes have been suggested section
Rf chain is saved, and maintains antenna gain.
One typical scheme is that analog beam is formed, the operation of its Wave beam forming of the satisfaction in analog domain, such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, in analog beam is formed, each antenna is connected with an analog phase shifter, be so to be penetrated in transmitting terminal
(rf chain can be met before receiving terminal is combined in other words) after frequency chain separation and may be constructed the wave beam shape of analog radio-frequency signal
Into coefficient.Due to being constrained by analog phase shifter, be only as a rule each aerial signal phase place it is controlled.
Analog phase shifter, especially those phase shifters with wide bandwidth and high-frequency ability, are also very expensive and huge
's；The scheme of more low complex degree/cost is exactly day line options, and an antenna is connected to rf chain only during selection, such as Fig. 4 institutes
Show, antenna selecting plan can also obtain full diversity gains.But, its array gain is onlyWill than full array gain
Little is more.
In the comparison that analog beam forms with day line options, this example has used signal through all radio frequencies of phase alignment
Antenna, and radio-frequency antenna selects to simply use an antenna without any further signal transacting.In this example, one is employed
The structure of the switch simulation beamforming system of new low complex degree between day line options and analog beam formation is planted, is chosen
The transmitting radio-frequency antenna subset of sending signal need not do any radiofrequency signal and process, and other antennas are all not connected
, as shown in Figure 1.In this example, the RF switch corresponding to selected radio-frequency antenna remains opening and other
Then be closed mode.Therefore, this example is called the switch simulation beamforming system of forward antenna power constraint, referred to as
OABF。
In OABF, there is in choosing N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna the subset and radio frequency of more preferable channel condition and similar phase
Chain is connected.If the subset of radix is restricted to 1, OABF and deteriorates to antenna selecting plan as shown in Figure 3.The opposing party
Face, if the simulation coefficient of switch simulation beamforming system is restricted to 0 or 1, which is the OABF described in this example.
This example is equivalent to baseband system model, introduces a simple system model and corresponding symbol first at this.For
Without loss of generality, this example considers that emitter has N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, and with a reception radio-frequency antenna at receiver
Point-to-point transmission system.Expand to multiple situations for receiving radio-frequency antenna also very simple.It is assumed that only one data
Stream, therefore have a rf chain per side.J-th transmission antenna and the channel received between radio-frequency antenna are expressed as hj, which is sent out
Penetrate machine to be predicted by the reciprocity of some feedback schemes or channel completely, therefore be entirely known for emitter.I
It is further assumed that all of hj, 0≤j≤N is the independent same distribution variable for obeying multiple Gauss distribution CN (0,1)；Channel system
Number keeps constant during a packet transmission, and is changed independently between different grouping transmission.The channel pattern is tested
Demonstrate,prove and be used for the indoor mm wave communications scene that wherein portable terminal with omnidirectional antenna is moved with walking speed.
More detailed OABF transmission structures are as shown in figure 5, this example PjRepresent the transmit power of j-th antenna；In transmitting
At machine, some transmitting radio-frequency antennas define set T, and are used for sending and transmitting.Then, the baseband receiving signals y of receiver
For,S.t=1if hi∈T,else Ii=0.
Wherein, n～CN (0, σ2) represent receiver white Gaussian noise；IiIt is indicator variable, T is transmitting radio-frequency antenna
Set, that is, gather { h1,h2…hN}；By experience, it is combinatorial optimization problem to select optimal set T to optimize reception SNR, and
With the exponential complexity with regard to antenna amount.
As shown in figure 5, in the transmitting terminal rf chain, emitter is connected to the input of current divider by power amplifier
End, the output end of the current divider are connected to the transmitting RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly；In the receiving terminal rf chain,
Receiver is connected to the output end of combiner by low-noise amplifier, and the input of the combiner is connected to the radio frequency and opens
Close the reception RF switch of component.
The antenna of this example each transmitting terminal has independent power constraint, the i.e. transmission power of each transmitting radio-frequency antenna by sending out
Penetrate independent the power constraint i.e., P of machinej ≤Po,In the formula, expression is to each transmitting radio-frequency antenna
J, its transmission power is less than given peak power Po；For Performance comparision, this example Main Analysis realize that transmission beam is formed
Two kinds of basic asymptotic gain properties：Array gain and diversity gain.Array gain refers to the feelings in N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna altogether
Under condition, the increase of the average output SNR on input signal-to-noise ratio SNR；Diversity gain refers to average error code before decline
The reduction ratio of the mean value of rate；Increase of the input signal-to-noise ratio containing N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna with regard to average output SNR
It is referred to as array gain, declinesWith regard to bit error rate PeAverage attenuation rate.
It is contemplated that the transmission power of each transmitting radio-frequency antenna is respectively by transmission power P of emitteroThe situation of restriction,
And there is no any constraint to total transmission power.The hypothesis is by detached work(by each antenna in the emitter actually realized
Caused by the situation that rate amplifier drives, power amplifier ability normal work only when its transmission power is less than predetermined threshold value.
In current analog beam formation system, detached transmission power is constrained sometimes than more relevant with power constraint.
Then, each transmitting radio-frequency antenna sends radiofrequency signal, the reception with its maximized transmission power
The baseband receiving signals system model of machine isTherefore, the signal to noise ratio of receiver reception isWherein, PoFor the transmission power of emitter；hjFor j-th transmitting radio-frequency antenna and reception radio frequency
Channel coefficients between antenna, hj, 0≤j≤N is the independent same distribution variable for obeying multiple Gauss distribution CN (0,1)；X is to send out
Penetrate the base band sending signal of machine；N～CN (0, σ2) represent receiver white Gaussian noise；T is the set for launching radio-frequency antenna；|
∑j∈Thj|2For the signal power of receiver.
In this example, an optimum and linear complexity algorithm OABF-s are first introduced, to determine collection T to maximize noise
SNR.Afterwards, we prove the full diversity gains and full array gain of OABF-s by the bridge algorithm of offer suboptimum；Specifically such as
It is lower described.
Described in this example, switch simulation beamforming system controls the RF switch shape of radio frequency switch assembly according to channel information
State is comprised the following steps with maximizing received signal to noise ratio：
Step S1, according to the channel coefficients of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, draws the orthogonal vertical line of N bars for this N number of channel coefficients,
The complex plane of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna composition is divided into into common 2N sector；
Step S2, to each sector k, determines a correspondence set Vk, hi∈VkWhat is represented is if hiThe k in sector
Projection is positive number；
Step S3, to first set V1, calculate all channel coefficients sums therein
Step S4, calculates wherein all of channel coefficients sum successively to set below
K (k=2 ..., 2N)；
Step S5, to all of fk, select one of its maximum absolute value；By the f of maximum absolute valuekCorresponding set
VKAs the set T of transmitting radio-frequency antenna.
In step S2 described in this example, if i-th channel coefficients hiIn sector, the projection of k is positive number, then hi∈Vk；OtherwiseAs shown in fig. 6, in step S1 described in this example, depicting N number of channel coefficients hj(j=1；2；…；N two dimension) is put down again
Face, its trunnion axis and the longitudinal axis correspond to real part and imaginary part respectively；Then to each channel coefficients hjDraw which and pass through the orthogonal of origin
Line, obtains 2N sector.
Next, this example proposes some simulation numerical results to show the property of proposed switch simulation beamforming system
Energy.In simulations, the noise variance of receiver side is normalized as unit 1.Using the transmission power of each transmitting radio-frequency antenna
By the independent power constraint of emitter, the transmission power of each transmitting radio-frequency antenna is arranged to fixed value Po.Each channel system
Complicated Gaussian Profile n～CN (0,1) that number is randomly generated.For consistency, this example still gain scheme such as general claims
For the preferred plan of prior art.
As shown in fig. 7, Benin is by increasing antenna amount come the Normalized Signal/Noise Ratio SNR at simulated receiver, which is determined
Justice is receptionDivided by transmission power Po| T |, to illustrate the array gain of different schemes.Can by Fig. 7
To see, described in this example, the normalization SNR of the preferred plan of switch module beamforming system (OABF) and prior art is with day
Line number amount is linearly increasing, that is, obtain full array gain；On the other hand, the normalization SNR of antenna selecting plan is in the way of logarithm
Increase.In Fig. 7, the Normalized Received SNR that refer to of ordinate refer to Normalized Signal/Noise Ratio；Abscissa
Number of Antennas refer to the quantity of plural form, for represent number of antennas increase；OABF refers to this example
The switch module beamforming system (OABF)；Optimal Scheme refer to the preferred plan of prior art；Antenna
Selection refers to day line options.
As shown in figure 8, by momentary rate that each channel is realized averagely come obtain at receiver it is average can
Realize speed；Can see, the speed of all three scheme increases as number of antennas increases, and switch module described in this example
There is the constant upper limit in gap of the beamforming system (OABF) and the preferred plan of prior art between.In Fig. 8, ordinate
Achievable rate are referred to up to rate；The Number of Antennas of abscissa refer to the quantity of plural form, use
Increase in number of antennas is represent；OABF refers to switch module beamforming system (OABF) described in this example；Optimal
Scheme refers to the preferred plan of prior art；Antenna Selection refer to day line options.
As shown in figure 9, having simulated outage probability, i.e., accurately receive probability of the SNR less than given threshold value；Can be with Fig. 9
Be clear that number of antennas be respectively N=1,2,3 when 1,2,3 diversity order.As N=1, switch module described in this example
Beamforming system (OABF) and optimal case have identical performance；As N=2, there is the gap of an about 2.5dB, work as N=
When 3, the gap increases to 4dB.In Fig. 9, the Outage Pribability of ordinate refer to outage probability；Abscissa
SNR (dB) refers to signal to noise ratio；OABF, N=1 refer to the switch module beamforming system (OABF) in transmitting radio frequency day
Outage probability simulation curve during line number N=1；Optimal Scheme, N=1 refer to the preferred plan of prior art and exist
Outage probability simulation curve during transmitting radio-frequency antenna number N=1；In the same manner, OABF, N=2 refer to the switch module wave beam
Outage probability simulation curve of the formation system (OABF) when radio-frequency antenna number N=2 is launched；Optimal Scheme, N=2
Refer to outage probability simulation curve of the preferred plan of prior art when radio-frequency antenna number N=2 is launched；OABF, N=3
Refer to outage probability emulation of the switch module beamforming system (OABF) when radio-frequency antenna number N=3 is launched bent
Line；Optimal Scheme, N=3 refer to interruption of the preferred plan of prior art when radio-frequency antenna number N=3 is launched
Probabilistic simulation curve,
That is, this example proposes a kind of new switch simulation beamforming system, i.e. on-off analog beam shaping
(OABF), which realizes beam forming gain only using simple analog switch.In order to determine with the every of given channel information
The state of individual switch, this example propose a kind of optimal algorithm, i.e., described switch simulation beamforming system is according to channel information
The step of RF switch state of control radio frequency switch assembly is to maximize received signal to noise ratio, with respectively in each transmitting radio frequency day
Line receives SNR by maximization under independent power constraint.Using polynomial complexity, switch module beamforming system described in this example
(OABF) full diversity gains and full array gain can be realized.More specifically, the quantity regardless of radio-frequency antenna and SNR, most
Between good scheme (waiting gain beam forming) and the achievable speed described in this example between switch module beamforming system (OABF)
Gap is the constant of 3.3 bit/symbols.
Switch simulation Beam Forming System described in this example is incompatible with other analog beams formation schemes, to constitute new mixing
Fit architecture.Other beamforming systems, such as radar, it would however also be possible to employ switch module beamforming system described in this example
(OABF) reducing system cost.
To sum up, this example is based on channel condition information, and each in multiple transmitting radio-frequency antennas is switched on or disconnects with reality
Existing beam forming, can substantially reduce high cost, power consumption and the volume adopted in traditional analog beamforming system
Huge analog phase shifter, the present invention realize switch simulation Wave beam forming gain, Suo Youxuan only using simple analog switch
The radio-frequency antenna selected is directly connected to a corresponding rf chain and sets without the need for any pretreatment such as other rf chains or phase shifter
Standby, the effect of switch simulation beamforming system of the present invention is by selecting the radio-frequency antenna of a part come simply real
It is existing, and the diversity gain of complete spatial multiplexing gain and whole can be realized.
Above content is with reference to specific preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert
The present invention be embodied as be confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention,
On the premise of without departing from present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of switch constrained by independent power simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that include：Transmitting terminal rf chain,
Radio frequency switch assembly and receiving terminal rf chain, the transmitting terminal rf chain are connected with the input of radio frequency switch assembly, described
The output end of radio frequency switch assembly is connected with the receiving terminal rf chain；Wherein, the radio frequency switch assembly includes N number of transmitting
RF switch and N number of with the transmitting corresponding transmitting radio-frequency antenna of RF switch, N is the number for launching radio-frequency antenna, and N takes from
So count；The radio frequency switch assembly selects a RF switch as RF switch is received, to realize launching RF switch and connecing
The point-to-point transmission between RF switch is received, and the transmitting RF switch and the channel received between RF switch have Gauss
What is be distributed is independently distributed variable, and the switch simulation beamforming system controls the radio frequency of radio frequency switch assembly according to channel information
On off state is maximizing received signal to noise ratio；The radio frequency switch assembly each transmitting radio-frequency antenna transmission power by send out
The transmission power for penetrating machine is individually constrained.
2. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 1 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described
The input of N number of transmitting RF switch is connected with the output end of the transmitting terminal rf chain, each transmitting RF switch
Output end be respectively connecting to one and launch radio-frequency antenna therewith correspondingly.
3. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 1 and 2 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that
The radio frequency switch assembly also includes receiving RF switch and the reception radio-frequency antenna corresponding with RF switch is received, described
The input of reception RF switch is connected to, the output end of the reception RF switch
It is connected with the input of the receiving terminal rf chain.
4. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 3 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described
In transmitting terminal rf chain, emitter is connected to the input of current divider by power amplifier, and the output end of the current divider connects
It is connected to the transmitting RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly.
5. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 4 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described
In receiving terminal rf chain, receiver is connected to the output end of combiner, the input of the combiner by low-noise amplifier
It is connected to the reception RF switch of the radio frequency switch assembly.
6. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 5 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that
The baseband receiving signals system model of the receiver isReceiver receive signal to noise ratio beWherein, PoFor the transmission power of emitter；hjFor j-th transmitting radio-frequency antenna and reception radio frequency
Channel coefficients between antenna, hj, 0≤j≤N is the independent same distribution variable for obeying multiple Gauss distribution CN (0,1)；X is to send out
Penetrate the base band sending signal of machine；N～CN (0, σ2) represent receiver white Gaussian noise；T is the set for launching radio-frequency antenna；|
∑j∈Thj|2For the signal power of receiver.
7. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 6 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that each
Individual transmitting radio-frequency antenna sends radiofrequency signal with its maximized transmission power.
8. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 6 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described
Switch simulation beamforming system receives letter to maximize according to the RF switch state that channel information controls radio frequency switch assembly
Make an uproar than comprising the following steps：
Step S1, according to the channel coefficients of N number of transmitting radio-frequency antenna, draws the orthogonal vertical line of N bars for this N number of channel coefficients, will be N number of
The complex plane of transmitting radio-frequency antenna composition is divided into common 2N sector；
Step S2, to each sector, determines a correspondence set VK；
Step S3, to first set V1, calculate all channel coefficients sums therein
Step S4, calculates wherein all of channel coefficients sum successively to set below
Step S5, to all of fk, select one of its maximum absolute value；By the f of maximum absolute valuekCorresponding set VKMake
To launch the set T of radio-frequency antenna.
9. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 8 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that described
In step S2, if i-th channel coefficients hiIn sector, the projection of k is positive number, then hi∈Vk；Otherwise
10. the switch constrained by independent power according to claim 8 simulates beamforming system, it is characterised in that institute
State in step S1, depict N number of channel coefficients hj(j=1；2；…；N two-dimentional complex plane), its trunnion axis and the longitudinal axis it is right respectively
Answer real part and imaginary part；Then to each channel coefficients hjIts cross line by origin is drawn, 2N sector is obtained.
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