CN108683441B - Multi-user beam forming method in hybrid pre-coding - Google Patents

Multi-user beam forming method in hybrid pre-coding Download PDF

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CN108683441B
CN108683441B CN201810400074.2A CN201810400074A CN108683441B CN 108683441 B CN108683441 B CN 108683441B CN 201810400074 A CN201810400074 A CN 201810400074A CN 108683441 B CN108683441 B CN 108683441B
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肖燕平
肖悦
张红燕
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/063—Parameters other than those covered in groups H04B7/0623 - H04B7/0634, e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636—Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a multi-user beam forming method in hybrid precoding. The algorithm groups users according to the radio frequency corresponding to the optimal beam selected by each user. One radio frequency corresponds to one user group, and one user is selected from each group for communication. Therefore, the base station can be ensured to simultaneously provide the optimal beam required by each selected user, so that the beam training mechanism can be applied to a multi-user system under a sub-connection hybrid precoding architecture. Moreover, the power of the received signal of the user is classified, each user feeds back the optimal beam and also feeds back the index of the received power level of the beam, the base station schedules the user according to the index, and the user with high power level is served preferentially, so that the proposed algorithm and the rate performance can be close to the algorithm performance of a full-connection hybrid precoding framework.

Description

Multi-user beam forming method in hybrid pre-coding
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a multi-user beam forming method in hybrid precoding.
Background
Millimeter wave technology and massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology are considered as part of the future 5G key technology, and therefore attract extensive attention in academia and industry. Millimeter waves have a large amount of available spectrum resources, and it is expected that the data transmission rate of next-generation mobile communication will be increased to Gbps or more. The mixed pre-coding technology becomes an important signal processing method in a millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system by combining the millimeter wave propagation characteristic and the characteristic of a large-scale antenna array, can effectively resist multipath fading, reduces interference among transmission data streams, and accordingly improves the spectrum efficiency.
There are two main types of hybrid precoding architectures employed in the millimeter wave system, namely a fully-connected hybrid precoding architecture and a sub-connected hybrid precoding architecture. As shown in fig. 1, in the full-connection hybrid precoding architecture, each rf link is connected to all antennas, but the connection structure has the characteristics of high energy consumption and high hardware cost. As shown in fig. 2, in the sub-connection hybrid precoding architecture, each rf link is connected to only a part of antennas, which has lower energy consumption and lower hardware cost. In massive MIMO, channel estimation cost is too high, so a beamforming training mechanism with limited feedback is usually adopted to design a precoding matrix. The beamforming training is a process of selecting the optimal transmit or receive beamforming vector of each user terminal from the codebook.
However, most of the existing studies based on beam training mechanisms focus on a fully-connected hybrid precoding architecture in which each radio frequency can generate all types of beams. However, in the sub-connection hybrid precoding architecture, each radio frequency can only generate beams of specific types, and the beam types generated by different radio frequencies are not overlapped, so that the algorithm suitable for the full-connection hybrid precoding architecture cannot be applied to the sub-connection hybrid precoding architecture. Although some studies are directed to the sub-connection hybrid precoding architecture, the scheme is mainly directed to a single-user system. And the existing algorithm based on the sub-connection hybrid precoding architecture generally has the problems of poor rate performance, and the performance of the algorithm is far lower than that of the algorithm under the full-connection hybrid precoding architecture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-user beam forming method in hybrid precoding, so that a beam training mechanism can be applied to a multi-user system under a sub-connection hybrid precoding framework, and the algorithm and the rate performance can be close to the algorithm performance of a full-connection hybrid precoding framework.
The specific process of signal synthesis of the multi-user beamforming method in hybrid precoding comprises the following steps:
and S1, dividing the received power of the user into levels, and establishing an index for each level.
S2, performing beamforming training on the user side according to a preset beamforming training algorithm, where a signal received by a kth user corresponding to a jth codebook vector in the codebook vector set is:
Figure GDA0002620660840000021
wherein
Figure GDA0002620660840000022
Is a baseChannel vector between station and k-th user, vjFor a set of codebook vectors
Figure GDA0002620660840000023
Of the jth codebook vector, nkIs the channel noise of the kth user.
S3, selecting codebook vector v with strongest received signal power for kth userk,max(i.e., beam):
Figure GDA0002620660840000024
Figure GDA0002620660840000025
wherein P isk,maxReceiving codebook vector v for kth userk,maxThe received power of.
S4, the k user will vk,maxCorresponding index, and received signal power Pk,maxThe index of the corresponding level is fed back to the base station.
S5, since each beam vector only corresponds to a specific one of the rf links in the sub-connection structure. So the base station is according to vk,maxCorresponding radio frequencies, dividing users into NaGroup (N)aThe number of radio frequency links). Selecting one user with highest power level from each group for communication, and forming a user set
Figure GDA0002620660840000026
Wherein s isi,i＝1,...,NaSelected users for the ith group. Thus, a one-to-one correspondence of the selected user and the radio frequency is achieved. And there is an analog precoding matrix:
Figure GDA0002620660840000027
where M is the number of antennas per sub-array,
Figure GDA0002620660840000028
codebook vectors fed back by the selected users in the ith group.
S6, training the selected N by the base station through the traditional channel estimation methodaEquivalent channel of individual user
Figure GDA0002620660840000031
Wherein H is all selected NaA channel matrix formed by the users. And setting a digital precoding matrix
Figure GDA0002620660840000032
Where Λ is a power normalization matrix.
The invention has the beneficial effect that the invention provides a multi-user beam forming method in hybrid precoding. The algorithm groups users according to the radio frequency corresponding to the optimal beam selected by each user. One radio frequency corresponds to one user group, and one user is selected from each group for communication. Therefore, the base station can be ensured to simultaneously provide the optimal beam required by each selected user, so that the beam training mechanism can be applied to a multi-user system under a sub-connection hybrid precoding architecture. Moreover, the power of the received signal of the user is classified, each user feeds back the optimal beam and also feeds back the index of the received power level of the beam, the base station schedules the user according to the index, and the user with high power level is served preferentially, so that the proposed algorithm and the rate performance can be close to the algorithm performance of a full-connection hybrid precoding framework.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a model of a full-link hybrid precoding architecture in the prior art, in which there is Radio Frequency (RF);
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of a sub-concatenated hybrid precoding architecture in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of an algorithm of a multi-user beamforming method in hybrid precoding according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph comparing the sum rate performance of the scheme of the present invention with that of the conventional scheme.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description so that those skilled in the art can better understand the invention. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
The number of RF links N is as followsa4, the number of antennas M of each subarray is 32:
and S1, dividing the received power of the user into levels, and establishing an index for each level.
S2, performing beamforming training on the user side according to a preset beamforming training algorithm, where a signal received by a kth user corresponding to a jth codebook vector in the codebook vector set is:
Figure GDA0002620660840000041
wherein
Figure GDA0002620660840000042
Is a channel vector, v, between the base station and the k-th userjFor a set of codebook vectors
Figure GDA0002620660840000043
Of the jth codebook vector, nkIs the channel noise of the kth user.
S3, selecting codebook vector v with strongest received signal power for kth userk,max(i.e., beam):
Figure GDA0002620660840000044
Figure GDA0002620660840000045
wherein P isk,maxReceiving codebook vector v for kth userk,maxThe received power of.
S4, the k user will vk,maxCorresponding index, and received signal power Pk,maxThe index of the corresponding level is fed back to the base station.
S5, since each beam vector only corresponds to a specific one of the rf links in the sub-connection structure. So the base station is according to vk,maxCorresponding radio frequencies, dividing users into NaGroup (N)aThe number of radio frequency links). Selecting one user with highest power level from each group for communication, and forming a user set
Figure GDA0002620660840000046
Wherein s isi,i＝1,...,NaSelected users for the ith group. Thus, a one-to-one correspondence of the selected user and the radio frequency is achieved. And there is an analog precoding matrix:
Figure GDA0002620660840000047
where M is the number of antennas per sub-array,
Figure GDA0002620660840000048
codebook vectors fed back by the selected users in the ith group.
S6, training the selected N by the base station through the traditional channel estimation methodaEquivalent channel of individual user
Figure GDA0002620660840000049
Wherein H is all selected NaA channel matrix formed by the users. And setting a digital precoding matrix
Figure GDA0002620660840000051
Where Λ is a power normalization matrix.
Fig. 4 reflects the sum rate comparison graph for the different schemes. It can be seen that when power level scheduling is used and the power level is 4, the performance of the proposed algorithm based on the sub-connection hybrid precoding architecture is close to that of the traditional algorithm based on the full-connection hybrid precoding architecture. The random scheduling performance in the group is lower than the power level scheduling performance in the group, so that the power level scheduling can obviously improve the system performance.

Claims (1)

1. The multi-user beam forming method in the mixed pre-coding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing the received power of the user into levels, and establishing an index for each level;
s2, performing beamforming training on the user side according to a preset beamforming training algorithm, where a signal received by a kth user corresponding to a jth codebook vector in the codebook vector set is:
Figure FDA0002620660830000011
wherein
Figure FDA0002620660830000012
Is a channel vector, v, between the base station and the k-th userjFor a set of codebook vectors
Figure FDA0002620660830000013
Of the jth codebook vector, nkChannel noise for the kth user;
s3, selecting codebook vector v with strongest received signal power for kth userk,max：
Figure FDA0002620660830000014
Figure FDA0002620660830000015
Wherein P isk,maxReceiving codebook vector v for kth userk,maxThe received power of (a);
s4, the k user will vk,maxCorresponding index, and received signalPower Pk,maxFeeding back the indexes of the corresponding levels to the base station;
s5, because each beam vector only corresponds to a specific radio frequency link in the sub-connection structure, the base station according to vk,maxCorresponding radio frequencies, dividing users into NaGroup, selecting one user with highest power level from each group to communicate, forming user set
Figure FDA0002620660830000016
Wherein N isaIs the number of radio frequency links, si,i＝1,...,NaSelecting users for the ith group; realizing the one-to-one corresponding relation between the selected users and the radio frequency to obtain an analog pre-coding matrix:
Figure FDA0002620660830000017
where M is the number of antennas per sub-array,
Figure FDA0002620660830000018
codebook vectors fed back by the selected users in the ith group;
s6, training the selected N by the base station through the traditional channel estimation methodaEquivalent channel of individual user
Figure FDA0002620660830000021
Wherein H is all selected NaA channel matrix formed by each user, and setting a digital precoding matrix
Figure FDA0002620660830000022
Where Λ is a power normalization matrix.
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CN104506281A (en) * 2015-01-14 2015-04-08 西安电子科技大学 Radio frequency and base band mixing pre-coding method for 3D (three dimensional)-MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) system
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