CN106532825A - Storage battery charging method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a storage battery charging method and device. The method includes using preset maximum charging current as initial current to perform charging; sampling charging current in real time; judging the magnitude of current of a current moment and a preset minimum charging current; if the current of the current moment is smaller than the minimum charging current, assigning the minimum charging current to the current of the current moment and continuing to sample; if the current of the current moment is larger than or equal to the minimum charging current, sampling voltage of the current moment, and calculating current of a next moment based on a storage battery model capable of dynamically correcting voltage; judging the magnitude of the current of the next moment and the maximum charging current; if the current of the next moment is larger than the maximum charging current, assigning the maximum charging current to the current of the next moment and continuing to sample; and if the current of the next moment is smaller than or equal to the maximum charging current, updating an energy storage capacitor, electromotive force and internal resistance and continuing to sample. Based on the storage battery model capable of dynamically correcting voltage, the storage battery charging method provided by the invention corrects storage battery parameters in real time, so as to rapidly and accurately charge.

Description

Accumulator charging method and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to battery technology field, in particular to a kind of accumulator charging method and device.

Background technology

Existing battery model mainly has two kinds：Internal resistance model and capacitance-resistance model, typically all secure model parameter.Thing In reality, these model parameters are all the functions of battery status, are variable quantities, and the model of preset parameter can not meet battery management system The requirement of real-time of system, it is impossible to characterize the characteristic of battery comprehensively, and then cause the charging method obtained based on the scale-model investigation There is also problem.

At present, battery charges based on Mas law (MAS laws), premised on minimum gassing rate, according to battery energy The maximum charging current of acceptance, in battery charging process, if to be charged compared with high charge current, analysis will be quickly reached Pneumoelectric pressure, can affect service lifetime of accumulator.

The content of the invention

A kind of accumulator charging method and device are embodiments provided, is charged with solving battery in prior art Method affects service lifetime of accumulator, the battery model of preset parameter can not meet the requirement of real-time of battery management system with And the problem of battery characteristics cannot be characterized comprehensively.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of accumulator charging method, including：When beginning is charged, will be pre- If battery allow maximum charging current the battery is charged as initial charge current；In real time to the storage The charging current of battery is sampled；Judge the minimum charge current that current time charging current is allowed with default battery Size；If the current time charging current is less than the minimum charge current, the minimum charge current is assigned to into institute Current time charging current is stated, and proceeds charge current sample；If the current time charging current is more than or equal to The minimum charge current, samples to the charging voltage at current time, and can dynamic corrections voltage based on what is pre-build Battery equivalent-circuit model calculate subsequent time charging current, wherein, the subsequent time charging current less than it is described work as Front moment charging current；Judge the size of the subsequent time charging current and the maximum charging current；If described next Moment charging current is more than the maximum charging current, and the maximum charging current is assigned to the subsequent time charging electricity Stream, and proceed charge current sample；If the subsequent time charging current is less than or equal to the maximum charging current, Amendment in real time is carried out more based on the battery equivalent-circuit model to the storage capacitor of the battery, electromotive force and internal resistance Newly, and proceed charge current sample.

Preferably, in the maximum charging current for allowing default battery as initial charge current to the electric power storage Before pond is charged, methods described also includes：Set up can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model, wherein, institute Stating battery equivalent-circuit model includes：Storage capacitor, internal resistance and polarization capacity, after the internal resistance is in parallel with the polarization capacity With the energy storage capacitor in series；Based on the battery equivalent-circuit model, give the maximum charging current, the minimum and fill Electric current, gassing voltage and internal resistance Expression formula.

Preferably, based on the battery equivalent-circuit model to the storage capacitor of the battery, electromotive force and interior Resistance carries out amendment in real time and updates, including：

The storage capacitor is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, C_b(t_k+1) for the storage capacitor of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current time Battery charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, I₁₀It is and C₁₀Corresponding charging Electric current,N is single battery number；

The electromotive force is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, V_cb(t_k+1) for the electromotive force of subsequent time, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) be The battery charging current at current time, C_b(t_k) for the storage capacitor at current time, Δ t is sampling step length；

The internal resistance is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, R (t_k+1) for the internal resistance of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for the battery at current time Charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time.

Preferably, calculating subsequent time charging current using below equation：

Wherein, i_{bat_ref}(t_k+1) for the battery charging current of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) be The battery charging current at current time, t_kFor current time, n is single battery number, u_bat(t_k) for the electric power storage at current time Pond charging voltage, V_gFor gassing voltage, R (t_k) for the internal resistance at current time.

Preferably, the internal resistance Expression formula is：Wherein, R (t₀) for sampling start time Internal resistance, t₀For sampling start time, V_gFor gassing voltage, i_{bat_ref}(t₀) for the battery charging current of sampling start time.

Preferably, methods described also includes：Based on the battery equivalent-circuit model, if u_bat＜ nV_g, then adopt The parameter of the battery is calculated with below equation：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+V_cp(t)),

If u_bat≥nV_g, then the parameter of the battery is calculated using below equation：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+R(t)i_bat(t)),

SOC (t)=1,

V_cb(t)=2.16V；

Wherein, u_batFor battery tension, u_batThe battery tension of (t) for t, n be single battery number, V_gFor analysis Pneumoelectric pressure, V_g=2.35V, V_cbFor electromotive force, V_cbThe electromotive force of (t) for t, V_cpFor polarizing voltage, V_cpT () is t Polarizing voltage, i_batThe battery current of (t) for t, C_bThe storage capacitor of (t) for t, internal resistances of the R (t) for t, C_p For polarization capacity, storage battery charge states of the SOC (t) for t.

According to a further aspect in the invention, there is provided a kind of battery charging plant, including：Charhing unit, for filling When establishing the beginning by cable, the maximum charging current that default battery is allowed is filled as initial charge current to the battery Electricity；Sampling unit, for sampling to the charging current of the battery in real time；First judging unit, it is current for judging The size of the minimum charge current that moment charging current is allowed with default battery；First processing units, for working as described In the case that front moment charging current is less than the minimum charge current, when the minimum charge current is assigned to described current Charging current is carved, the sampling unit proceeds charge current sample；Second processing unit, for filling at the current time Electric current is sampled to the charging voltage at current time, and is based on more than or equal in the case of the minimum charge current Pre-build can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model calculate subsequent time charging current, wherein, it is described under One moment charging current is less than the current time charging current；Second judging unit, for judging that the subsequent time charges The size of electric current and the maximum charging current；3rd processing unit, it is described for being more than in the subsequent time charging current In the case of maximum charging current, the maximum charging current is assigned to into the subsequent time charging current, the sampling list Unit proceeds charge current sample；Fourth processing unit, it is described for being less than or equal in the subsequent time charging current In the case of maximum charging current, based on storage capacitor, electromotive force of the battery equivalent-circuit model to the battery And internal resistance carries out amendment in real time and updates, the sampling unit proceeds charge current sample.

Preferably, described device also includes：Model sets up unit, for set up can dynamic corrections voltage battery etc. Effect circuit model, wherein, the battery equivalent-circuit model includes：Storage capacitor, internal resistance and polarization capacity, the internal resistance with With the energy storage capacitor in series after the polarization capacity parallel connection；Parameter gives unit, for based on the battery equivalent circuit Model, gives the maximum charging current, the minimum charge current, gassing voltage and internal resistance Expression formula.

Preferably, the fourth processing unit specifically for：

The storage capacitor is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, C_b(t_k+1) for the storage capacitor of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current time Battery charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, I₁₀It is and C₁₀Corresponding charging Electric current,N is single battery number；

The electromotive force is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, V_cb(t_k+1) for the electromotive force of subsequent time, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) be The battery charging current at current time, C_b(t_k) for the storage capacitor at current time, Δ t is sampling step length；

The internal resistance is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, R (t_k+1) for the internal resistance of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for the battery at current time Charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time.

Preferably, the second processing unit is specifically for calculating subsequent time charging current using below equation：

Wherein, i_{bat_ref}(t_k+1) for the battery charging current of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) be The battery charging current at current time, t_kFor current time, n is single battery number, u_bat(t_k) for the electric power storage at current time Pond charging voltage, V_gFor gassing voltage, R (t_k) for the internal resistance at current time.

Preferably, the internal resistance Expression formula is：Wherein, R (t₀) for sampling start time Internal resistance, t₀For sampling start time, V_gFor gassing voltage, i_{bat_ref}(t₀) for the battery charging current of sampling start time.

Preferably, described device also includes：Computing unit, for based on the battery equivalent-circuit model, in u_bat ＜ nV_gIn the case of, the parameter of the battery is calculated using below equation：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+V_cp(t)),

And in u_bat≥nV_gIn the case of, the parameter of the battery is calculated using below equation：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+R(t)i_bat(t)),

SOC (t)=1,

V_cb(t)=2.16V；

Wherein, u_batFor battery tension, u_batThe battery tension of (t) for t, n be single battery number, V_gFor analysis Pneumoelectric pressure, V_g=2.35V, V_cbFor electromotive force, V_cbThe electromotive force of (t) for t, V_cpFor polarizing voltage, V_cpT () is t Polarizing voltage, i_batThe battery current of (t) for t, C_bThe storage capacitor of (t) for t, internal resistances of the R (t) for t, C_p For polarization capacity, storage battery charge states of the SOC (t) for t.

Using technical scheme, when beginning is charged, it is charged with maximum charging current, then by real-time The step of sampling, judgement are with calculating, in real time amendment battery relevant parameter, and then real-time update battery tension value gradually subtract Little charging current, is easy to more accurate enforcement to charge, so as to improve storage battery charge state as far as possible, while electric power storage can be realized The quick charge in pond and intelligent charge, and do not interfere with service lifetime of accumulator；In addition, can dynamic corrections voltage battery etc. Effect circuit model can characterize battery behavior comprehensively, with higher battery simulation precision, disclosure satisfy that battery management system Requirement of real-time.

Description of the drawings

Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, this Bright schematic description and description does not constitute limitation of the invention for explaining the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the accumulator charging method of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model schematic diagram；

Fig. 3 is the battery charging curve schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of the battery charging plant of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the photovoltaic generating system of the embodiment of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but not as the limit to the present invention It is fixed.

A kind of accumulator charging method is embodiments provided, quick, intelligent charging can be realized, and to the greatest extent can may be used The raising storage battery charge state of energy.

As shown in figure 1, the method is comprised the following steps：

Step S101, when beginning is charged, the maximum charging current that default battery is allowed is used as initial charge electricity Stream is charged to battery；

Step S102, is sampled to the charging current of battery in real time；The whole charging process of sample-duration, until charging Terminate；

Step S103, judges the size of the minimum charge current that current time charging current is allowed with default battery；

Step S104, if current time charging current is less than minimum charge current, minimum charge current is assigned to work as Front moment charging current, and return to step S102 proceeds charge current sample；

Step S105, if current time charging current is more than or equal to minimum charge current, the charging to current time Voltage is sampled, and based on pre-build can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model calculate subsequent time fill Electric current, wherein, subsequent time charging current is less than current time charging current；

Step S106, judges the size of subsequent time charging current and maximum charging current；

Step S107, if subsequent time charging current is more than maximum charging current, maximum charging current is assigned to down One moment charging current, and return to step S102 proceeds charge current sample；

Step S108, if subsequent time charging current is less than or equal to maximum charging current, based on battery equivalent electric Road model carries out amendment in real time and updates to the storage capacitor of battery, electromotive force and internal resistance, is subsequent time current sample and sentences It is disconnected to prepare, and return to step S102 proceeds charge current sample.

The scheme of above-described embodiment, when beginning is charged, is charged with maximum charging current, then by adopting in real time The step of sample, judgement are with calculating, in real time amendment battery relevant parameter, and then real-time update battery tension value are gradually reduced Charging current, is easy to more accurate enforcement to charge, so as to improve storage battery charge state as far as possible, while battery can be realized Quick charge and intelligent charge, and do not interfere with service lifetime of accumulator；In addition, can dynamic corrections voltage battery it is equivalent Circuit model can characterize battery behavior comprehensively, with higher battery simulation precision, disclosure satisfy that battery management system Requirement of real-time.

Equivalent-circuit model has the advantage that：The math equation of parsing is can be written, is easy to analyze and is applied；Model parameter Discrimination test is easily performed.Understand that battery mainly has the characteristics such as ohm property, polarization characteristic and self discharge by battery test. Therefore, battery characteristics more preferably can more fully be characterized using equivalent-circuit model.

Before step S101, said method can also include：Set up can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent circuit Model, wherein, battery equivalent-circuit model includes：Storage capacitor, internal resistance and polarization capacity, after internal resistance is in parallel with polarization capacity With energy storage capacitor in series；Based on the battery equivalent-circuit model, maximum charging current, minimum charge current, gassing electricity are given Pressure and internal resistance Expression formula.This can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model can comprehensive simulated battery behavior, So as to meet the requirement of real-time of battery management system.

Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model schematic diagram, in Fig. 2 In, i_batFor battery current, u_batFor battery tension, V_cpFor polarizing voltage, V_cbFor electromotive force, R is internal resistance, C_bFor energy storage electricity Hold, C_pFor polarization capacity, C_p=2000F.

For example, given primary condition can be：Minimum charge currentMaximum charging current Gassing voltage V_g=2.35V, initial charge current i_{bat_ref}(t₀)=i_bmax.Wherein, C₁₀Hold for the name after charging 10 hours Amount, t₀For sampling start time.

When battery charging voltage reaches gassing voltage, shown in internal resistance Expression formula such as formula (1)：

Wherein, R (t₀) for the internal resistance of sampling start time, t₀For sampling start time, V_gFor gassing voltage, V_g= 2.35V, i_{bat_ref}(t₀) for the battery charging current of sampling start time.

In battery equivalent-circuit model, accumulator internal resistance is repaiied with SOC (State of Charge, state-of-charge) dynamic Positive, when battery SOC is 0, with i_bmax=C₁₀/ 5 electric current is charged, and SOC finally can only achieve 68%；And if with i_bmin=C₁₀/ 100 electric current is charged, and SOC may finally reach 95%, but now sacrifice certain charging interval, that is, fill The electric time is longer.Wherein, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, i_bmaxFor maximum charging current, i_bminFor minimum charging Electric current.

In order to improve SOC, it should be ensured that charging voltage is less than gassing voltage, expression formula is as follows：

i_{bat_ref}(t₀+Δt)R(t₀+Δt)≤i_{bat_ref}(t₀)R(t₀) and u_bat(t₀) ＜ nV_g (2)

I.e.：

When accumulator internal resistance rate of change reduces, formula (3) can be reduced to：

Wherein, i_{bat_ref}(t₀+ Δ t) is t₀The battery current of+Δ t, t₀For sampling start time, Δ t is sampling Step-length, usually ms levels, R (t₀+ Δ t) is t₀The internal resistance of+Δ t, i_{bat_ref}(t₀) for t₀The battery current at moment, R (t₀) for t₀The internal resistance at moment, u_bat(t₀) for t₀The battery tension at moment, n be single battery number, V_gFor gassing voltage, V_g =2.35V.

In one embodiment, step S108 based on battery equivalent-circuit model to the storage capacitor of battery, electronic Gesture and internal resistance carry out amendment in real time and update, and specifically include following steps：

Storage capacitor is calculated using formula (5)：

Wherein, C_b(t_k+1) for the storage capacitor of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current time Battery charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, I₁₀It is and C₁₀Corresponding charging Electric current,N is single battery number；

Electromotive force is calculated using formula (6)：

Wherein, V_cb(t_k+1) for the electromotive force of subsequent time, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) be The battery charging current at current time, C_b(t_k) for the storage capacitor at current time, Δ t is sampling step length；

Internal resistance is calculated using formula (7)：

Wherein, R (t_k+1) for the internal resistance of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for the battery at current time Charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time.

Step S105 can calculate subsequent time charging current using formula (8)：

Wherein, i_{bat_ref}(t_k+1) for the battery charging current of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) be The battery charging current at current time, t_kFor current time, n is single battery number, u_bat(t_k) for the electric power storage at current time Pond charging voltage, V_gFor gassing voltage, R (t_k) for the internal resistance at current time.

Charging curve schematic diagram as shown in figure 3, abscissa be SOC, ordinate is voltage, from figure 3, it can be seen that charge Start with i_bmax=C₁₀/ 5 carry out constant-current charge, reach gassing voltage V when first time_gWhen, lower a period of time is calculated according to formula (8) The charging current at quarter, is illustrated in figure 3 C₁₀/ 20, with C₁₀/ 20 constant-current charges, when reaching gassing voltage V again_gWhen, again according to Formula (8) calculates the charging current of subsequent time, is illustrated in figure 3 C₁₀/ 100, with C₁₀/ 100 constant-current charges.Scan whole process, On the basis of gassing voltage, charging current is gradually reduced.

Accumulator charging method described by above-described embodiment is a kind of current tracking algorithm, when beginning is charged, with most Big charging current is charged, and is subsequently gradually reduced charging current according to current tracking algorithm, to improve SOC as far as possible.Under Face is illustrated to the method in conjunction with specific embodiments.

1. the preparation before charging：Set up battery equivalent-circuit model as shown in Figure 2, and given initial strip Part：Minimum charge currentMaximum charging currentGassing voltage V_g=2.35V, initial charge current i_{bat_ref}(t₀)=i_bmax.Wherein, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, t₀For initial time.

2. pair charging current (also referred to as battery current) carries out real-time sampling, judges whether to meet i_bmin≤i_{bat_ref} (t_k), wherein i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current time charging current.If it is satisfied, then execution step 4, if be unsatisfactory for, performs step Rapid 3.

3. i is made_{bat_ref}(t_k)=i_bmin, will minimum charge current be assigned to sample the current time charging current for obtaining, Then proceed to step 2 and continue sampling.

4. sample current time charging voltage u_bat(t_k)。

5. subsequent time charging current i is calculated according to formula (8)_{bat_ref}(t_k+1)。

6. judge whether to meet i_{bat_ref}(t_k+1) ＞ i_bmax, if it is satisfied, then execution step 8, if be unsatisfactory for, performs Step 7.

7. storage capacitor, electromotive force and internal resistance are updated according to formula (5) to (7), then proceed to step 2 and continue sampling.

8. i is made_{bat_ref}(t_k+1)=i_bmax, will maximum charging current be assigned to calculated subsequent time and charge electricity Stream, then proceeds to step 2 and continues sampling.

Above-mentioned intelligent charge scheme employs parameter identification, corrects storage capacitor, electromotive force and internal resistance value in real time, to reach To the purpose of amendment battery tension in real time.Scheme it is critical only that gassing voltage, the analysis judgment bar adopted in discharge and recharge strategy Part is related to gassing voltage, it is therefore desirable to real-time update battery tension value, is easy to more accurately implement discharge and recharge strategy.

In one embodiment, said method can also include：Based on above-mentioned battery equivalent-circuit model, if u_bat ＜ nV_g, then using the parameter of formula (9) to (11) calculating accumulator：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+V_cp(t)) (9)

If u_bat≥nV_g, then using the parameter of formula (12) to (14) calculating accumulator：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+R(t)i_bat(t)) (12)

SOC (t)=1 (13)

V_cb(t)=2.16V (14)

Wherein, u_batFor battery tension, u_batThe battery tension of (t) for t, n be single battery number, V_gFor analysis Pneumoelectric pressure, V_g=2.35V, V_cbFor electromotive force, V_cbThe electromotive force of (t) for t, V_cpFor polarizing voltage, V_cpT () is t Polarizing voltage, i_batThe battery current of (t) for t, C_bThe storage capacitor of (t) for t, internal resistances of the R (t) for t, C_p For polarization capacity, storage battery charge states of the SOC (t) for t.

Formula (8) is by u_bat≥nV_gIn the case of formula (12) derive, now V_cbT () reaches gassing voltage V_g。

Based on same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of battery charging plant, can be used for realizing Method described by above-described embodiment.The enforcement of the device may refer to the enforcement of said method, repeats part and repeats no more.With Lower used, term " unit " can realize the combination of the software and/or hardware of predetermined function.Although following examples are retouched The system stated is preferably with software realizing, but hardware, or the realization of the combination of software and hardware be also may and by structure Think.

Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of the battery charging plant of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, the device includes：Charge Unit 41, sampling unit 42, the first judging unit 43, first processing units 44, second processing unit 45, the second judging unit 46th, the 3rd processing unit 47 and fourth processing unit 48.Below each unit is described in detail.

Charhing unit 41, for charge start when, the maximum charging current that default battery is allowed is used as initial Charging current is charged to battery；

Sampling unit 42, for sampling to the charging current of battery in real time；

First judging unit 43, it is electric for judging the minimum charging that current time charging current and default battery are allowed The size of stream；

First processing units 44, in the case of in current time charging current less than minimum charge current, by minimum Charging current is assigned to current time charging current, and sampling unit 42 proceeds charge current sample；

Second processing unit 45, in the case of in current time charging current more than or equal to minimum charge current, The charging voltage at current time is sampled, and based on pre-build can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent circuit mould Type calculates subsequent time charging current, wherein, subsequent time charging current is less than current time charging current；

Second judging unit 46, for judging the size of subsequent time charging current and maximum charging current；

3rd processing unit 47, in the case of in subsequent time charging current more than maximum charging current, by maximum Charging current is assigned to subsequent time charging current, and sampling unit 42 proceeds charge current sample；

Fourth processing unit 48, in the case of in subsequent time charging current less than or equal to maximum charging current, Amendment in real time is carried out based on battery equivalent-circuit model to update to the storage capacitor of battery, electromotive force and internal resistance, sampling is single Unit 42 proceeds charge current sample.

By the scheme of above-described embodiment, when beginning is charged, it is charged with maximum charging current, then by real-time Sampling, judgement and calculating, in real time amendment battery relevant parameter, and then real-time update battery tension value, are gradually reduced charging Electric current, is easy to more accurate enforcement to charge, so as to improve storage battery charge state as far as possible, while the fast of battery can be realized Speed charges and intelligent charge, and does not interfere with service lifetime of accumulator；In addition, can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent circuit Model can characterize battery behavior comprehensively, with higher battery simulation precision, disclosure satisfy that the real-time of battery management system Property require.

Said apparatus can also include：Model sets up unit, for set up can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent electric Road model, wherein, battery equivalent-circuit model includes：Storage capacitor, internal resistance and polarization capacity, internal resistance are in parallel with polarization capacity Afterwards with energy storage capacitor in series；Parameter gives unit, for based on battery equivalent-circuit model, giving maximum charging current, most Little charging current, gassing voltage and internal resistance Expression formula.

Internal resistance Expression formula can be：

Wherein, R (t₀) for the internal resistance of sampling start time, t₀For sampling start time, V_gFor gassing voltage, i_{bat_ref}(t₀) For the battery charging current of sampling start time.

Above-mentioned fourth processing unit 38 specifically for：

Storage capacitor is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, C_b(t_k+1) for the storage capacitor of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current time Battery charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, I₁₀It is and C₁₀Corresponding charging Electric current,N is single battery number；

Electromotive force is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, V_cb(t_k+1) for the electromotive force of subsequent time, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) be The battery charging current at current time, C_b(t_k) for the storage capacitor at current time, Δ t is sampling step length；

Internal resistance is calculated using below equation：

Wherein, R (t_k+1) for the internal resistance of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for the battery at current time Charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time.

Above-mentioned second processing unit 35 is specifically for calculating subsequent time charging current using below equation：

Wherein, i_{bat_ref}(t_k+1) for the battery charging current of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) be The battery charging current at current time, t_kFor current time, n is single battery number, u_bat(t_k) for the electric power storage at current time Pond charging voltage, V_gFor gassing voltage, R (t_k) for the internal resistance at current time.

Said apparatus can also include：Computing unit, for based on battery equivalent-circuit model, in u_bat＜ nV_gFeelings Under condition, using the parameter of below equation calculating accumulator：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+V_cp(t)),

And in u_bat≥nV_gIn the case of, using the parameter of below equation calculating accumulator：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+R(t)i_bat(t)),

SOC (t)=1,

V_cb(t)=2.16V；

Wherein, u_batFor battery tension, u_batThe battery tension of (t) for t, n be single battery number, V_gFor analysis Pneumoelectric pressure, V_g=2.35V, V_cbFor electromotive force, V_cbThe electromotive force of (t) for t, V_cpFor polarizing voltage, V_cpT () is t Polarizing voltage, i_batThe battery current of (t) for t, C_bThe storage capacitor of (t) for t, internal resistances of the R (t) for t, C_p For polarization capacity, storage battery charge states of the SOC (t) for t.

In addition, photovoltaic generating system is as by season, weather and time, these external factor are affected, power output has aobvious The intermittent and fluctuation of work, therefore, it can energy storage device is installed in photovoltaic generating system, keep the dynamic of system power to put down Weighing apparatus, and the characteristic of power is absorbed and is sent using battery, it is ensured that provide reliable, stable, continual for photovoltaic generating system Electric energy.For example, the energy storage device can adopt battery, for example, using low cost, the easily most ripe lead of popularization, manufacturing technology Acid accumulator, as shown in figure 5, DC/DC represents DC-to-dc converter, DC/AC represents straight for the structural representation of photovoltaic generating system Stream-a-c transducer.Photovoltaic parallel in system with battery can realize that stabilizing for power controls and grid-connected, off-grid operation mould Formula.

In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show Example ", or the description of " some examples " etc. mean specific features with reference to the embodiment or example description, structure, material or spy Point is contained at least one embodiment or example of the present invention.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term not Identical embodiment or example are referred to necessarily.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can be any One or more embodiments or example in combine in an appropriate manner.

Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect further in detail Describe bright, the be should be understood that specific embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, the guarantor being not intended to limit the present invention in detail Shield scope, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements within the spirit and principles in the present invention, done etc., should be included in this Within the protection domain of invention.

Claims (12)

1. a kind of accumulator charging method, it is characterised in that include：

When beginning is charged, the maximum charging current that default battery is allowed is as initial charge current to the battery It is charged；

In real time the charging current of the battery is sampled；

Judge the size of the minimum charge current that current time charging current is allowed with default battery；

If the current time charging current is less than the minimum charge current, the minimum charge current is assigned to described Current time charging current, and proceed charge current sample；

If the current time charging current is more than or equal to the minimum charge current, the charging voltage at current time is entered Row sampling, and based on pre-build can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model calculate subsequent time charge electricity Stream, wherein, the subsequent time charging current is less than the current time charging current；

Judge the size of the subsequent time charging current and the maximum charging current；

If the subsequent time charging current is more than the maximum charging current, the maximum charging current is assigned to described Subsequent time charging current, and proceed charge current sample；

If the subsequent time charging current is less than or equal to the maximum charging current, based on the battery equivalent circuit Model carries out amendment in real time and updates to the storage capacitor of the battery, electromotive force and internal resistance, and proceeds charging current and adopt Sample.

2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that make in the maximum charging current for allowing default battery Before being charged to the battery for initial charge current, methods described also includes：

Set up can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model, wherein, the battery equivalent-circuit model includes：Storage Energy electric capacity, internal resistance and polarization capacity, with the energy storage capacitor in series after the internal resistance is in parallel with the polarization capacity；

Based on the battery equivalent-circuit model, the maximum charging current, the minimum charge current, gassing voltage are given And internal resistance Expression formula.

3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that based on the battery equivalent-circuit model to the electric power storage The storage capacitor in pond, electromotive force and internal resistance carry out amendment in real time and update, including：

The storage capacitor is calculated using below equation：

$C_b\left(t_{k+1}\right)=\frac{1.67C_{10}}{1+0.67{\left(\frac{i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_k\right)}{I_{10}}\right)}^{0.9}}\frac{1}{n\×0.16},$

Wherein, C_b(t_k+1) for the storage capacitor of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for the electric power storage at current time Pond charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, I₁₀It is and C₁₀Corresponding charging current,N is single battery number；

The electromotive force is calculated using below equation：

$V_{cb}\left(t_{k+1}\right)=V_{cb}\left(t_k\right)+\frac{i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_k\right)}{C_b\left(t_k\right)}\mathrm{\Δ}t,$

Wherein, V_cb(t_k+1) for the electromotive force of subsequent time, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for it is current when The battery charging current at quarter, C_b(t_k) for the storage capacitor at current time, Δ t is sampling step length；

The internal resistance is calculated using below equation：

$R\left(t_{k+1}\right)=\frac{1}{C_{10}}(\frac{6}{1+i_{bat\_ref}^{0.6}\left(t_k\right)}+\frac{0.48}{{(1-\frac{V_{cb}\left(t_k\right)-2}{0.16})}^{1.2}});$

Wherein, R (t_k+1) for the internal resistance of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current time battery charge Electric current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time.

4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that subsequent time charging current is calculated using below equation：

$i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_{k+1}\right)=\[i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_k\right)-\frac{u_{bat}\left(t_k\right)-{\mathrm{nV}}_g}{nR\left(t_k\right)}\];$

Wherein, i_{bat_ref}(t_k+1) for the battery charging current of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current The battery charging current at moment, t_kFor current time, n is single battery number, u_bat(t_k) fill for the battery at current time Piezoelectric voltage, V_gFor gassing voltage, R (t_k) for the internal resistance at current time.

5. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the internal resistance Expression formula is：

$R\left(t_0\right)=\frac{V_g-2.16}{i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_0\right)};$

Wherein, R (t₀) for the internal resistance of sampling start time, t₀For sampling start time, V_gFor gassing voltage, i_{bat_ref}(t₀) to adopt The battery charging current of sample initial time.

6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：Based on the battery equivalent electric Road model, if u_bat＜ nV_g, then the parameter of the battery is calculated using below equation：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+V_cp(t)),

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{{\mathrm{dV}}_{cb}}{dt}=\frac{i_{bat}\left(t\right)}{C_b\left(t\right)}\\ \frac{{\mathrm{dV}}_{cp}}{dt}=-\frac{1}{R\left(t\right)C_p}{V}_{cp}+\frac{i_{bat}\left(t\right)}{C_p}\end{array}\right.,$

$SOC\left(t\right)=\frac{V_{cb}-2}{0.16};$

If u_bat≥nV_g, then the parameter of the battery is calculated using below equation：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+R(t)i_bat(t)),

SOC (t)=1,

V_cb(t)=2.16V；

Wherein, u_batFor battery tension, u_batThe battery tension of (t) for t, n be single battery number, V_gFor gassing electricity Pressure, V_g=2.35V, V_cbFor electromotive force, V_cbThe electromotive force of (t) for t, V_cpFor polarizing voltage, V_cpThe polarization of (t) for t Voltage, i_batThe battery current of (t) for t, C_bThe storage capacitor of (t) for t, internal resistances of the R (t) for t, C_pFor pole Change electric capacity, storage battery charge states of the SOC (t) for t.

7. a kind of battery charging plant, it is characterised in that include：

Charhing unit, for when beginning is charged, the maximum charging current that default battery is allowed is used as initial charge electricity Stream is charged to the battery；

Sampling unit, for sampling to the charging current of the battery in real time；

First judging unit, for judging the big of minimum charge current that current time charging current is allowed with default battery It is little；

First processing units, in the case of in the current time charging current less than the minimum charge current, by institute State minimum charge current and be assigned to the current time charging current, the sampling unit proceeds charge current sample；

Second processing unit, for being more than or equal to the situation of the minimum charge current in the current time charging current Under, the charging voltage at current time is sampled, and based on pre-build can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent electric Road model calculates subsequent time charging current, wherein, the subsequent time charging current is less than the current time charging current；

Second judging unit, for judging the size of the subsequent time charging current and the maximum charging current；

3rd processing unit, in the case of in the subsequent time charging current more than the maximum charging current, by institute State maximum charging current and be assigned to the subsequent time charging current, the sampling unit proceeds charge current sample；

Fourth processing unit, for the situation of the maximum charging current is less than or equal in the subsequent time charging current Under, the storage capacitor of the battery, electromotive force and internal resistance are corrected in real time based on the battery equivalent-circuit model Update, the sampling unit proceeds charge current sample.

8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described device also includes：

Model sets up unit, for set up can dynamic corrections voltage battery equivalent-circuit model, wherein, described battery etc. Effect circuit model includes：Storage capacitor, internal resistance and polarization capacity, with the energy storage after the internal resistance is in parallel with the polarization capacity Capacitances in series；

Parameter gives unit, for based on the battery equivalent-circuit model, giving the maximum charging current, the minimum Charging current, gassing voltage and internal resistance Expression formula.

9. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the fourth processing unit specifically for：

The storage capacitor is calculated using below equation：

$C_b\left(t_{k+1}\right)=\frac{1.67C_{10}}{1+0.67{\left(\frac{i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_k\right)}{I_{10}}\right)}^{0.9}}\frac{1}{n\×0.16},$

Wherein, C_b(t_k+1) for the storage capacitor of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for the electric power storage at current time Pond charging current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, I₁₀It is and C₁₀Corresponding charging current,N is single battery number；

The electromotive force is calculated using below equation：

$V_{cb}\left(t_{k+1}\right)=V_{cb}\left(t_k\right)+\frac{i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_k\right)}{C_b\left(t_k\right)}\mathrm{\Δ}t,$

Wherein, V_cb(t_k+1) for the electromotive force of subsequent time, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for it is current when The battery charging current at quarter, C_b(t_k) for the storage capacitor at current time, Δ t is sampling step length；

The internal resistance is calculated using below equation：

$R\left(t_{k+1}\right)=\frac{1}{C_{10}}(\frac{6}{1+i_{bat\_ref}^{0.6}\left(t_k\right)}+\frac{0.48}{{(1-\frac{V_{cb}\left(t_k\right)-2}{0.16})}^{1.2}});$

Wherein, R (t_k+1) for the internal resistance of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current time battery charge Electric current, t_kFor current time, C₁₀For the nominal capacity after charging 10 hours, V_cb(t_k) for the electromotive force at current time.

10. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the second processing unit is specifically for using following public affairs Formula calculates subsequent time charging current：

$i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_{k+1}\right)=\[i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_k\right)-\frac{u_{bat}\left(t_k\right)-{\mathrm{nV}}_g}{nR\left(t_k\right)}\];$

Wherein, i_{bat_ref}(t_k+1) for the battery charging current of subsequent time, t_k+1For subsequent time, i_{bat_ref}(t_k) for current The battery charging current at moment, t_kFor current time, n is single battery number, u_bat(t_k) fill for the battery at current time Piezoelectric voltage, V_gFor gassing voltage, R (t_k) for the internal resistance at current time.

11. devices according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the internal resistance Expression formula is：

$R\left(t_0\right)=\frac{V_g-2.16}{i_{bat\_ref}\left(t_0\right)};$

Wherein, R (t₀) for the internal resistance of sampling start time, t₀For sampling start time, V_gFor gassing voltage, i_{bat_ref}(t₀) to adopt The battery charging current of sample initial time.

12. devices according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described device also includes：Computing unit, for based on institute Battery equivalent-circuit model is stated, in u_bat＜ nV_gIn the case of, the parameter of the battery is calculated using below equation：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+V_cp(t)),

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{{\mathrm{dV}}_{cb}}{dt}=\frac{i_{bat}\left(t\right)}{C_b\left(t\right)}\\ \frac{{\mathrm{dV}}_{cp}}{dt}=-\frac{1}{R\left(t\right)C_p}{V}_{cp}+\frac{i_{bat}\left(t\right)}{C_p}\end{array}\right.,$

$SOC\left(t\right)=\frac{V_{cb}-2}{0.16};$

And in u_bat≥nV_gIn the case of, the parameter of the battery is calculated using below equation：

u_bat(t)=n (V_cb(t)+R(t)i_bat(t)),

SOC (t)=1,

V_cb(t)=2.16V；

Wherein, u_batFor battery tension, u_batThe battery tension of (t) for t, n be single battery number, V_gFor gassing electricity Pressure, V_g=2.35V, V_cbFor electromotive force, V_cbThe electromotive force of (t) for t, V_cpFor polarizing voltage, V_cpThe polarization of (t) for t Voltage, i_batThe battery current of (t) for t, C_bThe storage capacitor of (t) for t, internal resistances of the R (t) for t, C_pFor pole Change electric capacity, storage battery charge states of the SOC (t) for t.