CN107230810A - The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery being lost based on charging interval and battery self-energy - Google Patents
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery being lost based on charging interval and battery self-energy Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
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Abstract
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery being lost based on charging interval and battery self-energy, is related to lithium cell charging technical field.The present invention is that, in order to solve the increase of existing lithium cell charging electric current, the charging interval reduces, and battery own loss is the problem of increase.The lithium battery optimal charging current preparation method of the present invention being lost based on charging interval and battery self-energy, using the maximum charging current of battery under different SOC as boundary condition, object function is built for object with the charging interval in whole charging process and the loss of battery self-energy, object function is optimized using dynamic programming algorithm, so as to obtain making the optimal charging current based on charging interval Yu battery own loss in whole charging process.The present invention is applied to as battery charging.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium cell charging technical field.
Background technology
Current lithium battery is constant-current constant-voltage charging method using most charging methods, and battery is filled with constant current first
Electricity, terminates when cell voltage, which reaches, is less than certain value using constant-voltage charge to charging current after certain value.Such a charging method letter
List and it is easily controlled, but the selection of constant-current phase charging current is substantially obtained by experience, its energy loss with to battery
Influence with the charging interval is uncertain.
The loss of battery self-energy is the main cause of battery-heating, and battery-heating easily causes battery thermal runaway；And fill
Electric overlong time is to restrict one of key factor that battery is promoted the use of.Usual charging current increase, the charging interval diminishes, and electric
The energy loss in pond itself can increase, the problem of this is one conflicting.
The content of the invention
The present invention is that the charging interval reduces, and battery own loss increases in order to solve existing lithium cell charging electric current increase
Big the problem of, now provide the optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery being lost based on charging interval and battery self-energy.
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery being lost based on charging interval and battery self-energy,
It the described method comprises the following steps：
Charging process partiting step：Charging process is divided into N number of charging stage, propagation process of the wherein SOC from 0 to 1
In, it is a charging stage often to increase p%SOC；
Model establishment step：The single order RC equivalent-circuit models of lithium battery are set up, the model includes following parameter：Controlled electricity
Potential source, the internal resistance of cell, polarization resistance and polarization capacity；
Boundary condition determines step：The ginseng of single order RC equivalent-circuit models in each charging stage is determined using charging experiment
The boundary condition that number and charging current are chosen；
Object function establishment step：Set up and be lost with charging interval in whole charging process and battery self-energy as object
Object function f：
Wherein, IjIt is the charging current of j-th of charging stage, Rj(Ij) be j-th of charging stage in charging current it is IjWhen
Internal resistance resistance, ΔjIt is the charging interval of j-th of charging stage, W1jIt is the energy damage in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance
Consumption；
Optimal current obtains step：Object function f is optimized using dynamic programming algorithm, object function is obtained most
Small value, obtains the optimal charging current of each charging stage.
The present invention is with the maximum charging current of battery under different SOC (preestimating battery state-of-charge, State of Charge)
For boundary condition, object function is built for object with the charging interval in whole charging process and the loss of battery self-energy, adopted
Object function is optimized with dynamic programming algorithm, so as to obtain making being based on the charging interval in whole charging process with battery certainly
The optimal charging current of body loss.
A kind of optimal charging current acquisition side being lost based on lithium cell charging time and self-energy of the present invention
Method, is related to battery boosting technology field, using the maximum charging current of battery under different SOC levels as boundary condition, considers
The two conflicting aspects are lost with battery self-energy in battery charge time, build the mesh for object with the two aspects
Scalar functions.It is N steps further charging process often to be changed with SOC 5% point, using dynamic programming algorithm, from final step forward
Calculate, obtain the electric current of each step charging process, so that whole charging process is optimal, battery own loss is permanent with constant current
Pressure charging method, which is compared, reduces 5%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow for the optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery being lost based on charging interval and battery self-energy
Workflow graph；
Fig. 2 is the corresponding single order RC equivalent-circuit model schematic diagrames of each charging stage battery；
The flow chart that Fig. 3 tests for charging；
Fig. 4 is the method flow diagram optimized using dynamic programming algorithm to object function f；
Fig. 5 is the optimal charging current curve schematic diagram obtained after optimization.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：Reference picture 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 illustrate present embodiment, the base described in present embodiment
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery being lost in charging interval and battery self-energy, comprises the following steps：
Charging process partiting step：Charging process is divided into N number of charging stage, propagation process of the wherein SOC from 0 to 1
In, it is a charging stage often to increase p%SOC；
Model establishment step：The single order RC equivalent-circuit models of lithium battery are set up, the model includes following parameter：Controlled electricity
Potential source, the internal resistance of cell, polarization resistance and polarization capacity；
Boundary condition determines step：The ginseng of single order RC equivalent-circuit models in each charging stage is determined using charging experiment
The boundary condition that number and charging current are chosen；
Object function establishment step：Set up and be lost with charging interval in whole charging process and battery self-energy as object
Object function f：
Wherein, IjIt is the charging current of j-th of charging stage, Rj(Ij) be j-th of charging stage in charging current it is IjWhen
Internal resistance resistance, ΔjIt is the charging interval of j-th of charging stage, W1jIt is the energy damage in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance
Consumption；
Optimal current obtains step：Object function f is optimized using dynamic programming algorithm, object function is obtained most
Small value, obtains the optimal charging current of each charging stage.
Embodiment two：Present embodiment be to described in embodiment one based on charging interval and battery from
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, and in present embodiment, utilizes following methods
It is determined that the boundary condition that the parameter and charging current of single order RC equivalent-circuit models are chosen in each charging stage：
In each charging stage, rate of charge is since 0.1C (C represents battery rated capacity), and rate of charge often increases
0.1C carries out once charging experiment, untill rate of charge reaches that lithium battery allows maximum charge multiplying power, X charging is carried out altogether real
Test, obtain the parameter and X maximum charging current of X group single order RC equivalent-circuit models, X maximum charging current is fitted to one
Bar current curve, the boundary condition that the current curve is chosen as the charging current of current charging stage.
Embodiment three：Reference picture 3 illustrates present embodiment, and present embodiment is to embodiment two
It is described to be described further based on charging interval and the optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery that battery self-energy is lost,
In present embodiment, before charging experiment, charging experimentation is divided into M experimental stage first, wherein, SOC is from 0 to 1
In propagation process, it is an experimental stage often to increase q%SOC,
The charging experiment comprises the following steps：
Step 11：To static 5min after lithium cell charging 10s, the single order RC equivalent circuit moulds of i-th of experimental stage are obtained
The initial value of shape parameter, wherein i is 1, then performs step 12；
Step 12：To lithium cell charging, and judge whether lithium battery voltage is more than charge cutoff voltage, be to perform step
16, otherwise perform step 13；
Step 13：Judge whether lithium cell charging capacity is more than or equal to i × q%SOC, be to make i=i+1, then perform
Step 14, otherwise return to step 12；
Step 14：Judge whether i is more than M, be then to perform step 16, otherwise perform step 15；
Step 15：By the static 3h of lithium battery, step 11 is then back to；
Step 16：Complete charge is tested, and the maximum charging current corresponding to now lithium battery SOC is real for current charging
The maximum charging current tested.
In present embodiment, a charging experiment results in the single order RC equivalent circuit model parameters of M experimental stage
With the maximum charging current of a charging experiment.In each experimental stage, rate of charge is the rate of charge of current charging stage.
Embodiment four：Present embodiment be to described in embodiment three based on charging interval and battery from
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, in present embodiment, obtains i-th of experiment
The single order RC equivalent circuit model parameters in stage are specially：
Parameter identification is carried out with nonlinear least square method, the single order RC equivalent-circuit models of i-th of experimental stage are obtained
Parameter.
Embodiment five：Present embodiment be to described in embodiment one based on charging interval and battery from
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, in present embodiment, j-th of charging stage
Charging interval ΔjObtained by below equation：
Wherein, s (j) is the SOC level of j-th of charging stage, and cap is the rated capacity of lithium battery, and unit is Ah.
Embodiment six：Present embodiment be to described in embodiment one based on charging interval and battery from
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, in present embodiment, j-th of charging stage
Energy loss W in interior polarization resistance1jObtained by below equation：
Wherein, Δ is the sampling time, and α is the number of samples of j-th of charging stage, R1j(Ij) and C1j(Ij) it is respectively jth
Individual charging stage polarization resistance value and polarization capacity value, U1jFor the voltage on j-th of charging stage initial time polarization capacity.
In present embodiment, first, if in j-th of charging stage each sampling time be Δ, then j-th charging stage
Number of samples α is：
The then energy loss W in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance1jFor：
For j-th of charging stage any sampling instant k charging current, its expression formula is：
Therefore, W1jIt can be rewritten as：
Influenceed by a upper charging stage, the voltage of each charging stage initial time of polarization capacity was a upper charging stage
The voltage at end moment, in order to express voltage of the polarization capacity in each charging stage initial time, fills using from last
The method of recursion forward of electric stage.Due to the charging current very little of last charging stage, the charging interval is relatively long, therefore
Think the electric current I in the last moment polarization resistance of last charging stageNStable state is reached：
Wherein, I1NMIt is the electric current in last last moment charging stage polarization resistance, ΔNFor last charging stage
Charging interval, R1N(IN) it is that last charging stage polarization resistance is I in electric currentNWhen resistance, C1N(IN) it is last
Individual charging stage polarization capacity is I in electric currentNWhen capacitance, U1NFor on last charging stage initial time polarization capacity
Voltage；
The voltage U on last charging stage initial time polarization capacity can be drawn1N, and now on polarization capacity
Voltage was the voltage at a upper end moment charging stage again：
I1(N-1)MFor the electric current in the N-1 last moment charging stage polarization resistance, R1(N-1)It is the N-1 charging rank
Section polarization resistance is I in electric currentN-1When resistance, IN-1For the charging current of the N-1 charging stage, U1(N-1)Filled for N-1
Voltage on electric stage initial time polarization capacity, R1(N-1)(IN-1) it is that the N-1 charging stage polarization resistance is I in electric currentN-1
When resistance, C1(N-1)(IN-1) it is that the N-1 charging stage polarization capacity is I in electric currentN-1When capacitance, Δ(N-1)For N-
The charging interval of 1 charging stage.
Voltage of the polarization capacity in the N-1 charging stage initial time can be drawn.By constantly recursion back to front,
Voltage U of the polarization capacity in the initial time of each charging stage can be obtained1j。
Embodiment seven：Present embodiment be to described in embodiment one based on charging interval and battery from
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, and in present embodiment, utilizes Dynamic Programming
Algorithm is to the object function f methods optimized：
Step 21：The initial value for making j is N, adds a charging stage, i.e.,：N+1 stages, and lithium battery self-energy
W is lostN+1(IN+1)=0, charging interval TN+1(IN+1)=0, then performs step 22,
Step 22：Order
0<IN<INmax
0<IN-1<I(N-1)max
...
0<Ij<Ijmax
Wherein, IjmaxThe boundary condition chosen for j-th of charging stage charging current, j=1,2 ..., N.
Step 23：Judge whether below equation is set up：
Tj(Ij)=opt (Δsj+Tj+1)
Opt=min { Wj(Ij)Tj(Ij)}
It is to make j=j-1, is then back to step 22, otherwise performs step 24,
In above formula, Δ is sampling time, Rj(Ij) be j-th of charging stage be I in charging currentjWhen internal resistance resistance,
I1jkFor the electric current of j-th of charging stage, k-th of charging moment polarization resistance, Wj(Ij) arrived for j-th of charging stage initial time
The energy loss of battery itself, T at the end of chargingj(Ij) it is j-th charging stage initial time to the time at the end of charging,
Tj+1For the time at the end of+1 charging stage initial time of jth to charging, opt represents optimal；
Step 24：Whether be 1, be then to complete optimization if judging j, otherwise return to step 22.
Claims (7)
1. the optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery being lost based on charging interval and battery self-energy, it is characterised in that
It the described method comprises the following steps：
Charging process partiting step：Charging process is divided into N number of charging stage, wherein SOC is from 0 to 1 propagation process, often
It is a charging stage to increase p%SOC；
Model establishment step：The single order RC equivalent-circuit models of lithium battery are set up, the model includes following parameter：Controlled voltage
Source, the internal resistance of cell, polarization resistance and polarization capacity；
Boundary condition determines step：Using charging experiment determine in each charging stage the parameter of single order RC equivalent-circuit models and
The boundary condition that charging current is chosen；
Object function establishment step：Set up the mesh being lost with charging interval in whole charging process and battery self-energy as object
Scalar functions f：
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Wherein, IjIt is the charging current of j-th of charging stage, Rj(Ij) be j-th of charging stage in charging current it is IjWhen it is interior
Hinder resistance, ΔjIt is the charging interval of j-th of charging stage, W1jIt is the energy loss in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance；
Optimal current obtains step：Object function f is optimized using dynamic programming algorithm, obtains object function minimum
Value, obtains the optimal charging current of each charging stage.
2. according to claim 1 obtained based on charging interval and the optimal charging current of lithium battery that battery self-energy is lost
Method, it is characterised in that determine in each charging stage the parameter of single order RC equivalent-circuit models using following methods and fill
The boundary condition that electric current is chosen：
In each charging stage, rate of charge is since 0.1C, and rate of charge often increases 0.1C and carries out once charging experiment, to filling
Untill electric multiplying power reaches that lithium battery allows maximum charge multiplying power, X charging experiment is carried out altogether, X group single order RC equivalent circuits are obtained
The parameter of model and X maximum charging current, a current curve is fitted to by X maximum charging current, by the current curve
The boundary condition chosen as the charging current of current charging stage.
3. according to claim 2 obtained based on charging interval and the optimal charging current of lithium battery that battery self-energy is lost
Method, it is characterised in that before charging experiment, charging experimentation is divided into M experimental stage first, wherein, SOC is from 0
Into 1 propagation process, it is an experimental stage often to increase q%SOC,
The charging experiment comprises the following steps：
Step 11：To static 5min after lithium cell charging 10s, the single order RC equivalent-circuit models ginseng of i-th of experimental stage is obtained
Number, wherein i initial value are 1, then perform step 12；
Step 12：To lithium cell charging, and judge whether lithium battery voltage is more than charge cutoff voltage, be then to perform step 16,
Otherwise step 13 is performed；
Step 13：Judge whether lithium cell charging capacity is more than or equal to i × q%SOC, be to make i=i+1, then perform step
14, otherwise return to step 12；
Step 14：Judge whether i is more than M, be then to perform step 16, otherwise perform step 15；
Step 15：By the static 3h of lithium battery, step 11 is then back to；
Step 16：Complete charge is tested, and is current charging experiment by the maximum charging current corresponding to now lithium battery SOC
Maximum charging current.
4. according to claim 3 obtained based on charging interval and the optimal charging current of lithium battery that battery self-energy is lost
Method, it is characterised in that obtain i-th of experimental stage single order RC equivalent circuit model parameters be specially：
Parameter identification is carried out with nonlinear least square method, the single order RC equivalent circuit model parameters of i-th of experimental stage are obtained.
5. according to claim 1 obtained based on charging interval and the optimal charging current of lithium battery that battery self-energy is lost
The method of obtaining, it is characterised in that the charging interval Δ of j-th of charging stagejObtained by below equation：
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Wherein, s (j) is the SOC level of j-th of charging stage, and cap is the rated capacity of lithium battery, and unit is Ah.
6. according to claim 1 obtained based on charging interval and the optimal charging current of lithium battery that battery self-energy is lost
The method of obtaining, it is characterised in that the energy loss W in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance1jObtained by below equation：
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Wherein, Δ is the sampling time, and α is the number of samples of j-th of charging stage, R1j(Ij) and C1j(Ij) it is respectively to fill for j-th
Electric stage polarization resistance value and polarization capacity value, U1jFor the voltage on j-th of charging stage initial time polarization capacity.
7. according to claim 1 obtained based on charging interval and the optimal charging current of lithium battery that battery self-energy is lost
The method of obtaining, it is characterised in that be to the object function f methods optimized using dynamic programming algorithm：
Step 21：The initial value for making j is N, adds a charging stage, i.e.,：N+1 stages, and the loss of lithium battery self-energy
WN+1(IN+1)=0, charging interval TN+1(IN+1)=0, then performs step 22,
Step 22：Order
0<IN<INmax
0<IN-1<I(N-1)max
...
0<Ij<Ijmax
Wherein, IjmaxThe boundary condition chosen for j-th of charging stage charging current, j=1,2 ..., N.
Step 23：Judge whether below equation is set up：
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<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
</munderover>
<msubsup>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow>
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</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
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Tj(Ij)=opt (Δsj+Tj+1)
Opt=min { Wj(Ij)Tj(Ij)}
It is to make j=j-1, is then back to step 22, otherwise performs step 24,
In above formula, Δ is sampling time, Rj(Ij) be j-th of charging stage be I in charging currentjWhen internal resistance resistance, I1jkFor
The electric current of j-th of charging stage, k-th of charging moment polarization resistance, Wj(Ij) tied for j-th of charging stage initial time to charging
The energy loss of battery itself, T during beamj(Ij) for j-th charging stage initial time to the time at the end of charging, Tj+1For
J+1 charging stage initial time is to the time at the end of charging, and opt represents optimal；
Step 24：Whether be 1, be then to complete optimization if judging j, otherwise return to step 22.
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