CN107230810B - Lithium battery optimizes charging current preparation method - Google Patents

Lithium battery optimizes charging current preparation method Download PDF

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CN107230810B
CN107230810B CN201710404551.8A CN201710404551A CN107230810B CN 107230810 B CN107230810 B CN 107230810B CN 201710404551 A CN201710404551 A CN 201710404551A CN 107230810 B CN107230810 B CN 107230810B
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charging
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lithium battery
current
charging current
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CN107230810A (en
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吴晓刚
石文文
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Lithium battery optimizes charging current preparation method, is related to lithium battery charging technique field.The present invention is the problem of charging time reduces, and battery itself loss increases in order to solve existing lithium battery charging current and increase.Lithium battery optimal charging current preparation method of the present invention based on charging time Yu battery itself energy loss, using the maximum charging current of battery under different SOC as boundary condition, using in entire charging process charging time and battery itself energy loss as object construct objective function, objective function is optimized using dynamic programming algorithm, to obtain making the optimal charging current in entire charging process based on charging time and battery itself loss.The present invention is suitable for charging for battery.

Description

Lithium battery optimizes charging current preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium battery charging technique fields.
Background technique
Lithium battery is constant-current constant-voltage charging method using most charging methods at present, is filled first to battery with constant current Electricity terminates when Mr. Yu's value small to charging current using constant-voltage charge after cell voltage reaches certain value.Such charging method letter It list and is easy to control, but the selection of constant-current phase charging current is substantially obtained by experience, to energy loss in battery itself Influence with the charging time is uncertain.
The main reason for battery itself energy loss is battery-heating, battery-heating easily cause battery thermal runaway；And it fills Electric overlong time is to restrict one of an important factor for battery is promoted the use of.Usual charging current increases, and the charging time becomes smaller, and electric The energy loss in pond itself will increase, this is a conflicting problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve existing lithium battery charging current and increase, and the charging time reduces, and battery itself loss increases Big problem now provides the optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery based on charging time Yu battery itself energy loss.
The optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery based on charging time Yu battery itself energy loss,
It the described method comprises the following steps:
Charging process partiting step: charging process is divided into N number of charging stage, wherein the propagation process of SOC from 0 to 1 In, every increase p%SOC is a charging stage；
Model foundation step: the single order RC equivalent-circuit model of lithium battery is established, which includes following parameter: controlled electricity Potential source, the internal resistance of cell, polarization resistance and polarization capacity；
Boundary condition determines step: the ginseng of single order RC equivalent-circuit model in each charging stage is determined using charging experiment The boundary condition that several and charging current is chosen；
Objective function establishment step: it establishes using charging time in entire charging process and battery itself energy loss as object Objective function f:
Wherein, IjIt is the charging current of j-th of charging stage, Rj(Ij) it be j-th of charging stage in charging current is IjWhen Internal resistance resistance value, △jIt is the charging time of j-th of charging stage, W1jIt is the energy damage in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance Consumption；
Optimal current obtains step: being optimized using dynamic programming algorithm to objective function f, obtains objective function most Small value obtains the optimal charging current of each charging stage.
The present invention is with the maximum charging current of battery under different SOC (preestimating battery state-of-charge, State of Charge) For boundary condition, using in entire charging process charging time and battery itself energy loss as object construct objective function, adopt Objective function is optimized with dynamic programming algorithm, to obtain making being based on charging time and battery in entire charging process certainly The optimal charging current of body loss.
A kind of optimal charging current acquisition side based on lithium battery charging time and self-energy loss of the present invention Method is related to battery boosting technology field, using the maximum charging current of battery under different SOC levels as boundary condition, comprehensively considers Battery charge time and the two conflicting aspects of battery itself energy loss, building are the mesh of object with the two aspects Scalar functions.Further charging process is walked for 5% point with the every variation of SOC for N, using dynamic programming algorithm, forward from final step It calculates, obtains the electric current of each step charging process, so that entire charging process be made to be optimal, battery itself loss and constant current are permanent Pressure charging method, which is compared, reduces 5%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process based on charging time Yu the optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery of battery itself energy loss Workflow graph；
Fig. 2 is the corresponding single order RC equivalent-circuit model schematic diagram of each charging stage battery；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of charging experiment；
Fig. 4 is the method flow diagram optimized using dynamic programming algorithm to objective function f；
Fig. 5 is the optimal charging current curve schematic diagram obtained after optimization.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: referring to Fig.1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 illustrate present embodiment, base described in present embodiment In the optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery in charging time and battery itself energy loss, comprising the following steps:
Charging process partiting step: charging process is divided into N number of charging stage, wherein the propagation process of SOC from 0 to 1 In, every increase p%SOC is a charging stage；
Model foundation step: the single order RC equivalent-circuit model of lithium battery is established, which includes following parameter: controlled electricity Potential source, the internal resistance of cell, polarization resistance and polarization capacity；
Boundary condition determines step: the ginseng of single order RC equivalent-circuit model in each charging stage is determined using charging experiment The boundary condition that several and charging current is chosen；
Objective function establishment step: it establishes using charging time in entire charging process and battery itself energy loss as object Objective function f:
Wherein, IjIt is the charging current of j-th of charging stage, Rj(Ij) it be j-th of charging stage in charging current is IjWhen Internal resistance resistance value, △jIt is the charging time of j-th of charging stage, W1jIt is the energy damage in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance Consumption；
Optimal current obtains step: being optimized using dynamic programming algorithm to objective function f, obtains objective function most Small value obtains the optimal charging current of each charging stage.
Specific embodiment 2: present embodiment be to described in specific embodiment one based on charging time and battery from The optimal charging current preparation method of the lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, and in present embodiment, utilizes following methods Determine the boundary condition that the parameter and charging current of single order RC equivalent-circuit model in each charging stage are chosen:
In each charging stage, rate of charge is since 0.1C (C indicates battery rated capacity), the every increase of rate of charge 0.1C carries out primary charging experiment, and until rate of charge reaches lithium battery permission maximum charge multiplying power, it is real to carry out X charging altogether It tests, obtains the parameter and X maximum charging current of X group single order RC equivalent-circuit model, X maximum charging current is fitted to one Current curve, the boundary condition which is chosen as the charging current of current charging stage.
Specific embodiment 3: illustrating present embodiment referring to Fig. 3, present embodiment is to specific embodiment two Described is described further based on charging time and the optimal charging current preparation method of lithium battery of battery itself energy loss, In present embodiment, before charging experiment, charging experimentation is divided into M experimental stage first, wherein SOC's from 0 to 1 In propagation process, every increase q%SOC is an experimental stage,
Charging experiment the following steps are included:
Step 11: to static 5min after lithium battery charging 10s, obtaining the single order RC equivalent circuit mould of i-th of experimental stage Shape parameter, wherein the initial value of i is 1, then executes step 12；
Step 12: charging to lithium battery, and judge whether lithium battery voltage is greater than charge cutoff voltage, be to then follow the steps 16, it is no to then follow the steps 13；
Step 13: judging whether lithium battery charging capacity is more than or equal to i × q%SOC, be, make i=i+1, then execute Step 14, otherwise return step 12；
Step 14: judge whether i is greater than M, is to then follow the steps 16, it is no to then follow the steps 15；
Step 15: by the static 3h of lithium battery, then return step 11；
Step 16: terminating charging experiment, and be that current charging is real by maximum charging current corresponding to lithium battery SOC at this time The maximum charging current tested.
In present embodiment, a charging experiment can obtain the single order RC equivalent circuit model parameter of M experimental stage With the maximum charging current of a charging experiment.In each experimental stage, rate of charge is the rate of charge of current charging stage.
Specific embodiment 4: present embodiment be to described in specific embodiment three based on charging time and battery from The optimal charging current preparation method of the lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, and in present embodiment, obtains i-th of experiment The single order RC equivalent circuit model parameter in stage specifically:
Parameter identification is carried out with nonlinear least square method, obtains the single order RC equivalent-circuit model of i-th of experimental stage Parameter.
Specific embodiment 5: present embodiment be to described in specific embodiment one based on charging time and battery from The optimal charging current preparation method of the lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, in present embodiment, j-th of charging stage Charging time △jIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, s (j) is the SOC level of j-th of charging stage, and cap is the rated capacity of lithium battery, unit Ah.
Specific embodiment 6: present embodiment be to described in specific embodiment one based on charging time and battery from The optimal charging current preparation method of the lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, in present embodiment, j-th of charging stage Energy loss W in interior polarization resistance1jIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, △ is the sampling time, and α is the number of samples of j-th of charging stage, R1j(Ij) and C1j(Ij) it is respectively jth A charging stage polarization resistance value and polarization capacity value, U1jFor the voltage on j-th of charging stage initial time polarization capacity.
In present embodiment, firstly, set in j-th of charging stage each sampling time as △, then j-th charging stage Number of samples α are as follows:
The then energy loss W in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance1jAre as follows:
For the charging current of j-th of charging stage any sampling instant k, expression formula are as follows:
Therefore, W1jIt can rewrite are as follows:
It was influenced by a upper charging stage, the voltage of each charging stage initial time of polarization capacity was a upper charging stage The voltage at end moment fills to express polarization capacity in the voltage of each charging stage initial time using from the last one The method of recursion forward of electric stage.Due to the charging current very little of the last one charging stage, the charging time is relatively long, therefore Think the electric current I in the last moment polarization resistance of the last one charging stageNHave reached stable state:
Wherein, I1NMIt is the electric current in last last moment charging stage polarization resistance, △NFor the last one charging stage Charging time, R1N(IN) it be the last one charging stage polarization resistance in electric current is INWhen resistance value, C1N(IN) it is last A charging stage polarization capacity is I in electric currentNWhen capacitance, U1NFor on the last one charging stage initial time polarization capacity Voltage；
It can be concluded that the voltage U on the last one charging stage initial time polarization capacity1N, and at this time on polarization capacity Voltage was the voltage at a upper end moment charging stage again:
I1(N-1)MFor the electric current in the N-1 last moment charging stage polarization resistance, R1(N-1)It is the N-1 charging rank Section polarization resistance is I in electric currentN-1When resistance value, IN-1For the charging current of the N-1 charging stage, U1(N-1)It is filled for N-1 Voltage on electric stage initial time polarization capacity, R1(N-1)(IN-1) it be the N-1 charging stage polarization resistance in electric current is IN-1 When resistance value, C1(N-1)(IN-1) it be the N-1 charging stage polarization capacity in electric current is IN-1When capacitance, △(N-1)For N- The charging time of 1 charging stage.
It can be concluded that voltage of the polarization capacity in the N-1 charging stage initial time.By constantly recursion back to front, Voltage U of the available polarization capacity in the initial time of each charging stage1j。
Specific embodiment 7: present embodiment be to described in specific embodiment one based on charging time and battery from The optimal charging current preparation method of the lithium battery of body energy loss is described further, and in present embodiment, utilizes Dynamic Programming The method that algorithm optimizes objective function f are as follows:
Step 21: making the initial value N of j, add a charging stage, it may be assumed that N+1 stage, and lithium battery self-energy W is lostN+1(IN+1)=0, charging time TN+1(IN+1Then)=0 executes step 22,
Step 22: enabling
0<IN<INmax
0<IN-1<I(N-1)max
0<Ij<Ijmax
Wherein, IjmaxFor the boundary condition that j-th of charging stage charging current is chosen, j=1,2 ..., N.
Step 23: judge whether following formula is true:
Tj(Ij)=opt (△j+Tj+1)
Opt=min { Wj(Ij)Tj(Ij)}
It is to make j=j-1, then return step 22, no to then follow the steps 24,
In above formula, △ is sampling time, Rj(Ij) it be j-th of charging stage in charging current is IjWhen internal resistance resistance value, I1jkFor the electric current of j-th of charging stage, k-th of charging moment polarization resistance, Wj(Ij) it is that j-th of charging stage initial time arrives The energy loss of battery itself, T at the end of chargingj(Ij) it is j-th charging stage initial time to the time at the end of charging, Tj+1For the time at the end of+1 charging stage initial time of jth to charging, opt indicates optimal；
Step 24: judging whether j is 1, be to complete to optimize, otherwise return step 22.

Claims (6)

1. lithium battery optimizes charging current preparation method, which is characterized in that
It the described method comprises the following steps:
Charging process partiting step: being divided into N number of charging stage for charging process, wherein in the propagation process of SOC from 0 to 1, often Increase p%SOC is a charging stage；
Model foundation step: establishing the single order RC equivalent-circuit model of lithium battery, which includes following parameter: controlled voltage Source, the internal resistance of cell, polarization resistance and polarization capacity；
Boundary condition determines step: using charging experiment determine in each charging stage the parameter of single order RC equivalent-circuit model and The boundary condition that charging current is chosen；
Objective function establishment step: it establishes using charging time in entire charging process and battery itself energy loss as the mesh of object Scalar functions f:
Wherein, IjIt is the charging current of j-th of charging stage, Rj(Ij) it be j-th of charging stage in charging current is IjWhen it is interior Hinder resistance value, △jIt is the charging time of j-th of charging stage, W1jIt is the energy loss in j-th of charging stage in polarization resistance；
Optimal current obtains step: being optimized using dynamic programming algorithm to objective function f, obtains objective function minimum Value, obtains the optimal charging current of each charging stage,
The method that objective function f is optimized using dynamic programming algorithm are as follows:
Step 21: making the initial value N of j, add a charging stage, it may be assumed that the N+1 stage, and lithium battery self-energy is lost WN+1(IN+1)=0, charging time TN+1(IN+1Then)=0 executes step 22,
Step 22: enabling
0<IN<INmax
0<IN-1<I(N-1)max
...
0<Ij<Ijmax
Wherein, IjmaxFor j-th of charging stage charging current choose boundary condition, j=1,2 ..., N,
Step 23: judge whether following formula is true:
Tj(Ij)=opt (△j+Tj+1)
Opt=min { Wj(Ij)Tj(Ij)}
It is to make j=j-1, then return step 22, no to then follow the steps 24,
In above formula, △ is sampling time, Rj(Ij) it be j-th of charging stage in charging current is IjWhen internal resistance resistance value, I1jkFor The electric current of j-th of charging stage, k-th of charging moment polarization resistance, Wj(Ij) it is that j-th of charging stage initial time is tied to charging The energy loss of battery itself, T when beamj(Ij) it is j-th charging stage initial time to the time at the end of charging, Tj+1It is Time at the end of j+1 charging stage initial time to charging, opt indicate optimal；
Step 24: judging whether j is 1, be to complete to optimize, otherwise return step 22.
2. lithium battery according to claim 1 optimizes charging current preparation method, which is characterized in that true using following methods The boundary condition that the parameter and charging current of single order RC equivalent-circuit model are chosen in fixed each charging stage:
In each charging stage, rate of charge is since 0.1C, and the every increase 0.1C of rate of charge carries out primary charging experiment, until filling Until electric multiplying power reaches lithium battery permission maximum charge multiplying power, X charging experiment is carried out altogether, obtains X group single order RC equivalent circuit X maximum charging current is fitted to a current curve, by the current curve by the parameter of model and X maximum charging current The boundary condition that charging current as the current charging stage is chosen.
3. lithium battery according to claim 2 optimizes charging current preparation method, which is characterized in that first before charging experiment Charging experimentation is first divided into M experimental stage, wherein in the propagation process of SOC from 0 to 1, every increase q%SOC is one A experimental stage,
Charging experiment the following steps are included:
Step 11: to static 5min after lithium battery charging 10s, obtaining the single order RC equivalent-circuit model ginseng of i-th of experimental stage Number, wherein the initial value of i is 1, then executes step 12；
Step 12: it charges to lithium battery, and judges whether lithium battery voltage is greater than charge cutoff voltage, be to then follow the steps 16, It is no to then follow the steps 13；
Step 13: judging whether lithium battery charging capacity is more than or equal to i × q%SOC, be, make i=i+1, then execute step 14, otherwise return step 12；
Step 14: judge whether i is greater than M, is to then follow the steps 16, it is no to then follow the steps 15；
Step 15: by the static 3h of lithium battery, then return step 11；
Step 16: terminating charging experiment, and be current charging experiment by maximum charging current corresponding to lithium battery SOC at this time Maximum charging current.
4. lithium battery according to claim 3 optimizes charging current preparation method, which is characterized in that obtain i-th of experiment The single order RC equivalent circuit model parameter in stage specifically:
Parameter identification is carried out with nonlinear least square method, obtains the single order RC equivalent circuit model parameter of i-th of experimental stage.
5. lithium battery according to claim 1 optimizes charging current preparation method, which is characterized in that j-th of charging stage Charging time △jIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, s (j) is the SOC level of j-th of charging stage, and cap is the rated capacity of lithium battery, unit Ah.
6. lithium battery according to claim 1 optimizes charging current preparation method, which is characterized in that j-th of charging stage Energy loss W in interior polarization resistance1jIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, △ is the sampling time, and α is the number of samples of j-th of charging stage, when k is any sampling of j-th of charging stage It carves, R1j(Ij) and C1j(Ij) it is respectively j-th of charging stage polarization resistance value and polarization capacity value, U1jFor j-th of charging stage Voltage on initial time polarization capacity.
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CN109713762B (en) * 2019-02-28 2021-06-18 深圳猛犸电动科技有限公司 Charging control method and device and terminal equipment
CN111092272B (en) * 2019-12-18 2023-04-18 湖南大学 Lithium ion battery three-stage charging method considering internal resistance characteristic
CN114062941A (en) * 2020-07-31 2022-02-18 比亚迪股份有限公司 Power battery state of charge estimation method and device and electric vehicle
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