CN106526404B - Short circuit and electric leakage detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Short circuit and electric leakage detection device and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short circuit and electric leakage detection device and a detection method thereof. The device comprises a constant current sub-circuit, a prompting sub-circuit and a power switching sub-circuit. The invention can be applied to detection before power supply of various devices, can detect the electric leakage and short circuit conditions of the devices in time, prompt that the power is not supplied to the devices immediately, carry out detection again until the fault is eliminated, and start the devices after the detection is passed, thereby well protecting the devices, avoiding the occurrence of short circuit and electric leakage conditions caused by negligence, and ensuring the safety of workers and the safe operation of the devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and particularly relates to a short circuit and electric leakage detection device and a detection method thereof.
Background
The existing electronic equipment or power equipment has no detection step before use, and in many cases, if the equipment has short circuit or electric leakage, the equipment is very dangerous to directly turn on for use.
If can provide a detection circuitry, this detection circuitry carries out short circuit or electric leakage detection before supplying power for equipment, if there is short circuit, electric leakage condition, the suggestion promptly does not provide electric power for equipment, detects again after troubleshooting, detects and can only start up equipment after passing, thereby the short circuit that can be fine, the electric leakage condition that avoids leading to because of carelessness appears.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a short circuit and leakage detection device and a detection method thereof. The device comprises a constant current sub-circuit, a prompting sub-circuit and a power switching sub-circuit;
the constant current sub-circuit comprises a first resistor, a second adjustable resistor, a first operational amplifier, a first field effect transistor and a fourth non-polar capacitor; the connection relation of each part is as follows: one end of the first resistor is connected with a high potential end of the auxiliary power supply, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one fixed end of the second adjustable resistor, the other fixed end of the second adjustable resistor is connected to the ground, the adjustable end of the second adjustable resistor is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected to the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor; the drain electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to the high potential end of the auxiliary power supply, the source electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier and the common end of the first electromagnetic relay, the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to one end of a fourth nonpolar capacitor, and the other end of the fourth nonpolar capacitor is connected to the source electrode of the first field effect transistor;
the prompting sub-circuit comprises a fourth resistor, a fourth triode and alarm equipment; the connection relation of each part is as follows: the normally open end of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with one end of a fourth resistor and the base electrode of a fourth triode, and the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded; an emitter of the fourth triode is grounded, and a collector of the fourth triode is connected with the alarm equipment and then is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply;
the power switching sub-circuit comprises a third resistor, a first electromagnetic relay, a second operational amplifier, a sixth nonpolar capacitor, a third field effect transistor, a second electromagnetic relay, a third electromagnetic relay, a fourth electromagnetic relay, a second field effect transistor, a fifth nonpolar capacitor, a third operational amplifier, a second wiring terminal and a third wiring terminal; the connection relation of each part is as follows: one end of the third resistor is connected to the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with the normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay; the reverse input end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, the forward input end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the output end of the second operational amplifier is connected to one end of the sixth nonpolar capacitor and the grid electrode of the third field effect transistor; the other end of the sixth nonpolar capacitor and the source electrode of the third field effect transistor are grounded; the drain electrode of the third field effect transistor is connected to one driving end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other driving end of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply; the common end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to one end of the second wiring terminal, and the normally open end is connected to the common end of the fourth electromagnetic relay; the common end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to the other end of the second wiring terminal, the normally closed end is connected to the ground, and the normally open end is connected to the zero line or the negative pole of the power supply line of the equipment; the common end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the normally open end of the second electromagnetic relay, the normally closed end is connected to the other end of the third wiring terminal, a zero line or a negative electrode of equipment power supply, and the normally open end is connected to one end of the third wiring terminal and a live line or a positive electrode of the equipment power supply; the in-phase end of the third operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed end of the second electromagnetic relay, and the inverting end of the third operational amplifier is connected to the ground;
one driving end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to a high potential of an auxiliary power supply, the other driving end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to one driving end of the third electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to one driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor, the source electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected to the ground, one end of a fifth nonpolar capacitor and the grid electrode of the second field effect transistor are connected to the output end of the third operational amplifier, and the other end of the fifth nonpolar capacitor is grounded.
Furthermore, the invention also comprises an auxiliary power supply sub-circuit, wherein the auxiliary power supply sub-circuit comprises a first wiring terminal, a first rectifier bridge circuit, a first polar capacitor, a second polar capacitor and a third non-polar capacitor; the first polar capacitor, the second polar capacitor and the third non-polar capacitor are connected in parallel to form a rectifying and filtering circuit. And two parallel points of the parallel circuit are connected with two output ends of the first rectifier bridge circuit. The first connecting terminal is connected with two input ends of the first rectifier bridge circuit.
Further, the third resistance value is smaller than the resistance value of the tested device.
Furthermore, each triode is an NPN triode.
Further, the input voltage of the first connecting terminal does not exceed 5V.
Further, the alarm device is a buzzer.
Further, the alarm device is a light emitting diode.
Furthermore, the alarm device is a buzzer and a light emitting diode, one end of the buzzer is connected with the fourth triode, the other end of the buzzer is connected with one end of the light emitting diode, and the other end of the light emitting diode is connected with the high potential of the auxiliary power supply.
The detection method of the short circuit and leakage detection device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a constant current source for providing detection current is determined and connected with the device;
step two: detecting current entering one end of a port of the tested device through a normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay and a normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay, connecting the tested device in series into the short circuit and electric leakage detection device, and then connecting the tested device into power supply through the third and fourth electromagnetic relays, if the tested device has short circuit and/or electric leakage conditions, executing a third step, and if the tested device does not have short circuit and/or electric leakage conditions, executing a fourth step;
step three: the current forms a potential difference on the third resistor, the second operational amplifier outputs a high level, the third field effect transistor is conducted, the switch of the first electromagnetic relay is adjusted from a normally closed end to a normally open end, and the alarm device works; the second field effect transistor is not conducted, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay do not act, and the tested equipment does not work;
step four: the third field effect tube is not conducted, the first electromagnetic relay does not act, and the alarm device does not work; the second field effect transistor is switched on, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay all act, the tested device is powered on, and the tested device starts to work.
Furthermore, in the first step, the magnitude of the detection current can be adjusted by adjusting the second resistor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can be applied to detection before power supply of various devices, can detect the electric leakage and short circuit conditions of the devices in time, prompt that the power is not supplied to the devices immediately, carry out detection again until the fault is eliminated, and start the devices after the detection is passed, thereby well protecting the devices, avoiding the occurrence of short circuit and electric leakage conditions caused by negligence, and ensuring the safety of workers and the safe operation of the devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following numbers of the respective components correspond to arabic numerals in the drawings. If the first resistor corresponds to R1, the first operational amplifier corresponds to A1, and the first field effect transistor corresponds to Q1.
As shown in fig. 1, the circuit of the present invention includes a constant current sub-circuit, a prompt sub-circuit, and a power switching sub-circuit.
The constant current sub-circuit comprises a first resistor, a second adjustable resistor, a first operational amplifier, a first field effect transistor and a fourth non-polar capacitor. The connection relation of each part is as follows: one end of the first resistor is connected with a high potential end (VCC) of the auxiliary power supply, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one fixed end of the second adjustable resistor, the other fixed end of the second adjustable resistor is connected to the ground, the adjustable end of the second adjustable resistor is connected to the in-phase end of the first operational amplifier, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected to the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor. The drain electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to a high potential end (VCC) of the auxiliary power supply, the source electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier and the common end of the first electromagnetic relay, the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to one end of a fourth nonpolar capacitor, and the other end of the fourth nonpolar capacitor is connected to the source electrode of the first field effect transistor. The working principle of the sub-circuit is as follows: the first resistor and the second adjustable resistor are connected in series to form a voltage division structure for the same-phase end of the operational amplifier, the first field effect transistor and the equipment form a series structure, and the internal resistance of the equipment is considered, so that a certain voltage is provided at the inverting input end of the operational amplifier at the moment, the voltage is compared with the inverting input end to form a voltage comparator, the output voltage of the operational amplifier is controlled, the output of the field effect transistor is controlled, and the purpose of constant current output is achieved.
The prompting sub-circuit comprises a fourth resistor, a fourth triode (each triode is an NPN triode) and alarm equipment. The connection relation of each part is as follows: the normally open end of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with one end of the fourth resistor and the base of the fourth triode. And the emitter of the fourth triode is grounded, and the collector of the fourth triode is connected with the alarm equipment and then is connected to the high potential (VCC) of the auxiliary power supply. The working principle of the sub-circuit is as follows: when the short circuit occurs, the current is connected to the ground through the fourth resistor, voltage is formed on the fourth resistor, the fourth triode is provided with breakover voltage, and the alarm device is driven to work. The alarm device may be a light emitting diode (i.e., LED0 in the figure) or a buzzer (i.e., bell in the figure) or a combination of a light emitting diode and a buzzer. When the LED and the buzzer are combined, one end of the buzzer is connected with the fourth triode, the other end of the buzzer is connected with one end of the LED, and the other end of the LED is connected with the high potential of the auxiliary power supply.
The power switching sub-circuit comprises a third resistor, a first electromagnetic relay, a second operational amplifier, a sixth nonpolar capacitor, a third field-effect tube, a second electromagnetic relay, a third electromagnetic relay, a fourth electromagnetic relay, a second field-effect tube, a fifth nonpolar capacitor, a third operational amplifier, a second wiring terminal and a third wiring terminal. The connection relation of each part is as follows: one end of the third resistor is connected to the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with the normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay. The reverse input end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, the forward input end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the output end of the second operational amplifier is connected to one end of the sixth nonpolar capacitor and the grid electrode of the third field effect transistor. The other end of the sixth nonpolar capacitor is grounded to the source electrode of the third field effect transistor. The drain of the third field effect transistor is connected to one driving terminal of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other driving terminal of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to an auxiliary power supply high potential (VCC). The common terminal of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to one end of the second connection terminal, and the normally open terminal is connected to the common terminal of the fourth electromagnetic relay. And the common end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to the other end of the second wiring terminal, the normally closed end is connected to the ground, and the normally open end is connected to the zero line or the negative pole of the power supply line of the equipment. And the common end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the normally-open end of the second electromagnetic relay, the normally-open end is connected to the live wire (or the positive pole) of the power supply of the equipment, and the normally-closed end is connected to the zero wire (or the negative pole) of the power supply of the equipment. The non-inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed terminal of the second electromagnetic relay, and the inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier is connected to the ground.
One driving end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to a high potential of an auxiliary power supply, the other driving end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to one driving end of the third electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to one driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor, the source electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected to the ground, the grid electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected to one end of the fifth nonpolar capacitor, and the other end of the fifth nonpolar capacitor is grounded.
The working principle of the power switching sub-circuit is as follows: after the detection is correct, the equipment has no short circuit or leakage phenomenon, so that potential can be formed at the third resistor, and for the third operational amplifier, the potential of the same-phase end is high, and the potential of the opposite-phase end is high, so that high level is output, the second field effect transistor is opened, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay work, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay are driven to be at the normally open end to supply power to the equipment, the third wiring terminal is an equipment power supply input interface, and the second wiring terminal is an equipment access interface.
Preferably, the invention further comprises an auxiliary power supply sub-circuit, which comprises a first connection terminal, a first rectifier bridge circuit, a first polar capacitor, a second polar capacitor and a third non-polar capacitor. The first polar capacitor, the second polar capacitor and the third non-polar capacitor are connected in parallel to form a rectifying and filtering circuit. And two parallel points of the parallel circuit are connected with two output ends of the first rectifier bridge circuit. The first connecting terminal is connected with two input ends of the first rectifier bridge circuit to provide input voltage for the auxiliary power supply sub-circuit. Since the device input is considered to be an alternating current, the input voltage of the first connection terminal needs to be regulated not to exceed five volts.
The main idea is that a small current is adopted for penetration before power is supplied to the equipment, if the equipment is conducted, the short circuit and the electric leakage of the equipment occur, and if the equipment is not conducted, the short circuit and the electric leakage of the equipment do not occur.
The detection steps applicable to the pure resistance type equipment are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the constant current source is adopted to provide the micro-detection current, the detection current can be automatically adjusted according to the condition of the detected equipment, and the adjustment of the detection current can be realized by adjusting the second resistor.
Step two: and detecting that the current enters one end of the equipment port through the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay and the normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay, connecting the equipment in series and then accessing the power supply through the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay, wherein the constant current source supplies a small current, and when the equipment passes through the equipment, if the equipment has short circuit and electric leakage conditions, the third step is executed, otherwise, the fourth step is executed.
Step three: the detection current is connected with low potential through the third resistor, the detection current forms potential difference on the third resistor, the potential difference forms the condition that the in-phase end is higher than the reverse-phase end on a voltage comparator formed by the second operational amplifier, the operational amplifier outputs high level at the moment, so that the third field effect transistor is conducted, the switch of the first electromagnetic relay is adjusted from the normally closed end to the normally open end, the detection current can control the fourth triode, the buzzer and the LED lamp are conducted, and an acousto-optic alarm is given out; meanwhile, the in-phase end and the anti-phase end of the third operational amplifier are both low potential, the second field effect tube is not opened, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay do not act, and therefore power supply operation can not be carried out on the tested device at the moment, and the tested device is protected.
Step four: when the tested equipment is a resistive element, a small potential difference is formed on the third resistor, and the second operational amplifier cannot output a high level at the moment, so that the third field effect transistor cannot be switched on and is in a cut-off state, the first electromagnetic relay does not act, the detection current cannot control the fourth triode, the buzzer and the LED lamp cannot be switched on, and an audible and visual alarm cannot be given out; meanwhile, the high potential of the in-phase end of the third operational amplifier is higher than the low potential of the anti-phase end, the second field effect transistor is conducted, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay all act, and power supply operation is carried out on the device to be tested at the moment, so that the device to be tested can start to work.
In the invention, the size of the third resistor can be changed according to the actual situation of the tested device, and the resistance value of the third resistor is necessarily smaller than that of the tested device.
Claims (10)
1. A short circuit and electric leakage detection device is characterized by comprising a constant current sub-circuit, a prompt sub-circuit and an electric power switching sub-circuit;
the constant current sub-circuit comprises a first resistor, a second adjustable resistor, a first operational amplifier, a first field effect transistor and a fourth nonpolar capacitor; the connection relation of each part is as follows: one end of the first resistor is connected with the high potential end of the auxiliary power supply, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one fixed end of the second adjustable resistor, the other fixed end of the second adjustable resistor is connected to the ground, the adjustable end of the second adjustable resistor is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected to the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor; the drain electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to the high potential end of the auxiliary power supply, the source electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier and the common end of the first electromagnetic relay, the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected to one end of a fourth nonpolar capacitor, and the other end of the fourth nonpolar capacitor is connected to the source electrode of the first field effect transistor;
the prompting sub-circuit comprises a fourth resistor, a fourth triode and alarm equipment; the connection relation of each part is as follows: the normally open end of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with one end of a fourth resistor and the base electrode of a fourth triode, and the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded; an emitting electrode of the fourth triode is grounded, and a collecting electrode of the fourth triode is connected with the alarm equipment and then is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply;
the power switching sub-circuit comprises a third resistor, a first electromagnetic relay, a second operational amplifier, a sixth nonpolar capacitor, a third field effect transistor, a second electromagnetic relay, a third electromagnetic relay, a fourth electromagnetic relay, a second field effect transistor, a fifth nonpolar capacitor, a third operational amplifier, a second wiring terminal and a third wiring terminal; the connection relation of each part is as follows: one end of the third resistor is connected to the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with the normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay; the reverse input end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, the forward input end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the output end of the second operational amplifier is connected to one end of the sixth nonpolar capacitor and the grid electrode of the third field effect transistor; the other end of the sixth nonpolar capacitor and the source electrode of the third field effect transistor are grounded; the drain electrode of the third field effect transistor is connected to one driving end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other driving end of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply; the common end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to one end of the second wiring terminal, and the normally open end is connected to the common end of the fourth electromagnetic relay; the common end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to the other end of the second wiring terminal, the normally closed end is connected to the ground, and the normally open end is connected to the zero line or the negative pole of the power supply line of the equipment; the common end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the normally-open end of the second electromagnetic relay, the normally-closed end is connected to the other end of the third wiring terminal, a zero line or a negative electrode of the power supply of the equipment, and the normally-open end is connected to one end of the third wiring terminal and a live line or a positive electrode of the power supply of the equipment; the in-phase end of the third operational amplifier is connected to the normally-closed end of the second electromagnetic relay, and the inverting end of the third operational amplifier is connected to the ground;
one driving end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to a high potential of an auxiliary power supply, the other driving end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to one driving end of the third electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to one driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor, the source electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected to the ground, one end of a fifth nonpolar capacitor and the grid electrode of the second field effect transistor are connected to the output end of the third operational amplifier, and the other end of the fifth nonpolar capacitor is grounded.
2. The short-circuit and leakage detection device of claim 1 further comprising an auxiliary power supply sub-circuit comprising a first connection terminal, a first rectifier bridge circuit, a first polarity capacitor, a second polarity capacitor, and a third non-polarity capacitor; the first polar capacitor, the second polar capacitor and the third non-polar capacitor are connected in parallel to form a rectifying and filtering circuit, two parallel points of the parallel circuit are connected with two output ends of the first rectifying bridge circuit, and the first wiring terminal is connected with two input ends of the first rectifying bridge circuit.
3. The short circuit, leakage detection device of claim 1, wherein each transistor is an NPN transistor.
4. The short-circuit leakage detection device of claim 1 wherein the input voltage at the first terminal does not exceed 5V.
5. The short circuit, electrical leakage detection device of claim 1 wherein said alarm device is a buzzer.
6. The short circuit, electrical leakage detection apparatus of claim 1 wherein the alarm device is a light emitting diode.
7. The short circuit and leakage detection device of claim 1 wherein the alarm means is a buzzer and a light emitting diode, the buzzer is connected to the fourth transistor at one end, the other end is connected to one end of the light emitting diode, and the other end of the light emitting diode is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply.
8. The short circuit and leakage detection device of claim 1, wherein the third resistance value is less than the device under test resistance value.
9. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: a constant current source for providing detection current is determined and is connected with the device;
step two: detecting current entering one end of a port of the tested device through a normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay and a normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay, connecting the tested device in series into the short circuit and electric leakage detection device, and then connecting the tested device into power supply through the third and fourth electromagnetic relays, if the tested device has short circuit and/or electric leakage conditions, executing a third step, and if the tested device does not have short circuit and/or electric leakage conditions, executing a fourth step;
step three: the current forms a potential difference on the third resistor, the second operational amplifier outputs a high level, the third field effect transistor is conducted, the switch of the first electromagnetic relay is adjusted from a normally closed end to a normally open end, and the alarm device works; the second field effect transistor is not conducted, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay do not act, and the tested equipment does not work;
step four: the third field effect tube is not conducted, the first electromagnetic relay does not act, and the alarm device does not work; the second field effect transistor is conducted, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay and the fourth electromagnetic relay all act, and the tested device is powered on to start working.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first step is performed by adjusting the second resistor to adjust the magnitude of the detection current.
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| CN107643468A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-30 | 惠州华阳通用电子有限公司 | A kind of alarm validation checking circuit and method |
| KR102423301B1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2022-07-19 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Apparatus and method for preventing short |
| CN108169592B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2023-11-24 | 西安智财全技术转移中心有限公司 | Intelligent detection circuit and intelligent detection method |
| CN109950881B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2024-04-09 | 成都信息工程大学 | Embedded equipment pre-detection protection circuit |
| CN111030050B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2024-05-24 | 成都信息工程大学 | Short-circuit pre-detection protection device for transformer-connected equipment and working method thereof |
| CN113466738B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2024-07-16 | 广东朝阳电子科技股份有限公司 | Short circuit detection circuit |
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| CN106526404A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
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