CN106526404B - Short circuit and electric leakage detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电子线路技术领域，尤其涉及到一种短路、漏电检测装置及其检测方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and in particular relates to a short circuit and electric leakage detection device and a detection method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
现有的电子设备或者电力设备在使用时均无使用前检测步骤，而很多情况下，如果设备存在短路或者漏电的情况，直接开启设备进行使用将是十分危险的。Existing electronic equipment or electrical equipment does not have a pre-use detection step during use, and in many cases, if the equipment has a short circuit or leakage, it will be very dangerous to directly open the equipment for use.
如果能提供一种检测电路，该检测电路在给设备供电前先进行短路或者漏电检测，若有短路、漏电情况，即刻提示并不给设备提供电力，直到故障排除后再次进行检测，检测通过后才可以启动设备，则可以很好的保护设备从而避免由于疏忽导致的短路、漏电情况出现。If a detection circuit can be provided, the detection circuit will perform short circuit or leakage detection before supplying power to the equipment. Only when the equipment can be started, the equipment can be well protected to avoid short circuit and leakage caused by negligence.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种短路、漏电检测装置及其检测方法。所述装置包括恒流子电路，提示子电路，电力切换子电路；In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a short circuit and electric leakage detection device and a detection method thereof. The device includes a constant current sub-circuit, a prompt sub-circuit, and a power switching sub-circuit;
恒流子电路包括第一电阻、第二可调电阻、第一运算放大器,第一场效应管、第四非极性电容；各个零部件的连接关系为：第一电阻一端连接辅助电源高电势端，另一端连接第二可调电阻一个固定端，第二可调电阻另一固定端连接到地，其可调端连接到第一运算放大器的同相输入端，第一运算放大器的输出端连接到第一场效应管的栅极；第一场效应管的漏极连接到辅助电源的高电势端，源极连接到第一运算放大器的反相输入端及第一电磁继电器的公共端，栅极连接到第四非极性电容一端，所述第四非极性电容的另一端连接到第一场效应管的源极；The constant current sub-circuit includes the first resistor, the second adjustable resistor, the first operational amplifier, the first field effect transistor, and the fourth non-polar capacitor; the connection relationship of each component is: one end of the first resistor is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply terminal, the other end is connected to a fixed end of the second adjustable resistor, the other fixed end of the second adjustable resistor is connected to the ground, its adjustable end is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected to To the gate of the first field effect transistor; the drain of the first field effect transistor is connected to the high potential end of the auxiliary power supply, the source is connected to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the common terminal of the first electromagnetic relay, and the gate The pole is connected to one end of the fourth non-polar capacitor, and the other end of the fourth non-polar capacitor is connected to the source of the first field effect transistor;
提示子电路包括第四电阻、第四三极管、报警设备；各个零部件的连接关系为：第一电磁继电器的常开端连接第四电阻一端及第四三极管的基极，第四电阻的另一端接地；第四三极管的发射极接地，且集电极与报警设备连接后连接到辅助电源高电势；The prompt sub-circuit includes a fourth resistor, a fourth triode, and an alarm device; the connection relationship of each component is: the normally open end of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to one end of the fourth resistor and the base of the fourth triode, and the fourth resistor The other end of the triode is grounded; the emitter of the fourth triode is grounded, and the collector is connected to the alarm device and then connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply;
电力切换子电路包括第三电阻、第一电磁继电器、第二运算放大器、第六非极性电容、第三场效应管、第二电磁继电器、第三电磁继电器、第四电磁继电器、第二场效应管、第五非极性电容、第三运算放大器、第二接线端子、第三接线端子；各个零部件的连接关系为：第三电阻一端连接到第一电磁继电器的常闭端，另一端接第二电磁继电器的常闭端；第二运算放大器的反向输入端连接到第一电磁继电器的常闭端，正向输入端连接到第一电磁继电器的常闭端，输出端连接到第六非极性电容一端及第三场效应管的栅极；第六非极性电容的另一端及第三场效应管的源极接地；第三场效应管的漏极连接到第一电磁继电器的一个驱动端，所述第一电磁继电器的另一个驱动端则连接到辅助电源高电势；第二电磁继电器的公共端连接到第二接线端子的一端，常开端则连接到第四电磁继电器的公共端；第三电磁继电器的公共端连接到第二接线端子的另一端，常闭端连接到地，常开端连接到设备供电线的零线或负极；第四电磁继电器的公共端连接到第二电磁继电器的常开端，常闭端连接到第三接线端子的另一端、设备供电的零线或负极，常开端连接到第三接线端子的一端、设备供电的火线或正极；第三运算放大器的同相端连接到第二电磁继电器的常闭端，第三运算放大器的反相端连接到地；The power switching sub-circuit includes a third resistor, a first electromagnetic relay, a second operational amplifier, a sixth non-polar capacitor, a third field effect transistor, a second electromagnetic relay, a third electromagnetic relay, a fourth electromagnetic relay, and a second field effect tube, the fifth non-polar capacitor, the third operational amplifier, the second terminal, and the third terminal; the connection relationship of each component is: one end of the third resistor is connected to the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other end Connect the normally closed terminal of the second electromagnetic relay; the reverse input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally closed terminal of the first electromagnetic relay, the positive input terminal is connected to the normally closed terminal of the first electromagnetic relay, and the output terminal is connected to the first electromagnetic relay. One end of the six non-polar capacitors and the grid of the third FET; the other end of the sixth non-polar capacitor and the source of the third FET are grounded; the drain of the third FET is connected to the first electromagnetic relay One driving end of the first electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply; the common end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to one end of the second terminal, and the normally open end is connected to the fourth electromagnetic relay. Common end; the common end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to the other end of the second terminal, the normally closed end is connected to the ground, and the normally open end is connected to the neutral line or negative pole of the equipment power supply line; the common end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the second terminal 2. The normally open end of the electromagnetic relay, the normally closed end is connected to the other end of the third terminal, the neutral line or negative pole of the equipment power supply, and the normally open end is connected to one end of the third terminal terminal, the live wire or positive pole of the equipment power supply; the third operational amplifier The non-inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally closed terminal of the second electromagnetic relay, and the inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier is connected to the ground;
第二电磁继电器的一个驱动端连接到辅助电源高电势，另一个驱动端连接到第三电磁继电器的一个驱动端，第三电磁继电器的另一个驱动端连接到第四电磁继电器的一个驱动端，第四电磁继电器的另一个驱动端连接到第二场效应管的漏极，第二场效应管的源极接到地，第五非极性电容一端以及第二场效应管的栅极连接到第三运算放大器的输出端，所述第五非极性电容的另一端则接地。One driving end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply, the other driving end is connected to one driving end of the third electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to one driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay, The other driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the drain of the second field effect transistor, the source of the second field effect transistor is connected to the ground, and one end of the fifth non-polar capacitor and the gate of the second field effect transistor are connected to The output end of the third operational amplifier and the other end of the fifth non-polar capacitor are grounded.
进一步的，本发明还包括辅助电源子电路，所述辅助电源子电路包括第一接线端子、第一整流桥电路、第一极性电容、第二极性电容、第三非极性电容；所述第一极性电容、第二极性电容、第三非极性电容并联构成整流滤波电路。且并联电路的两个并联点与第一整流桥电路的两个输出端连接。第一接线端子则与第一整流桥电路的两个输入端连接。Further, the present invention also includes an auxiliary power supply sub-circuit, the auxiliary power supply sub-circuit includes a first connection terminal, a first rectifier bridge circuit, a first polar capacitor, a second polar capacitor, and a third non-polar capacitor; The first polarity capacitor, the second polarity capacitor and the third non-polarity capacitor are connected in parallel to form a rectification filter circuit. And the two parallel connection points of the parallel circuit are connected with the two output terminals of the first rectifier bridge circuit. The first connection terminal is connected with the two input ends of the first bridge rectifier circuit.
进一步的，第三电阻阻值小于被测设备电阻阻值。Further, the resistance of the third resistor is smaller than the resistance of the device under test.
进一步的，各个三极管为NPN三极管。Further, each transistor is an NPN transistor.
进一步的，第一接线端子的输入电压不超过5V。Further, the input voltage of the first connection terminal does not exceed 5V.
进一步的，所述报警设备为蜂鸣器。Further, the alarm device is a buzzer.
进一步的，所述报警设备为发光二极管。Further, the alarm device is a light emitting diode.
进一步的，所述报警设备为蜂鸣器与发光二极管，所述蜂鸣器一端连接第四三极管，另一端连接发光二极管一端，所述发光二极管的另一端则连接到辅助电源高电势。Further, the alarm device is a buzzer and a light-emitting diode, one end of the buzzer is connected to the fourth triode, the other end is connected to one end of the light-emitting diode, and the other end of the light-emitting diode is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply.
上述短路、漏电检测装置的检测方法包括如下步骤：The detection method of above-mentioned short circuit, electric leakage detection device comprises the following steps:
步骤一：确定一个提供检测电流的恒流源，并与本装置连接；Step 1: Determine a constant current source that provides detection current and connect it to the device;
步骤二：检测电流通过第一电磁继电器的常闭端和第二电磁继电器的常闭端进入被测设备端口一端，将被测设备串联进所述的一种短路、漏电检测装置以后通过第三及第四电磁继电器接入电力供应，如果被测设备有短路和/或漏电情况则执行步骤三，如没有短路和/或漏电情况执行步骤四；Step 2: The detection current enters one end of the port of the device under test through the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay and the normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay, and connects the device under test in series to the aforementioned short circuit and leakage detection device and passes through the third And the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the power supply, if the device under test has a short circuit and/or leakage, then perform
步骤三：电流在第三电阻上形成电势差，第二运算放大器输出高电平，第三场效应管导通，第一电磁继电器的开关由常闭端调整到常开端，报警装置工作；且第二场效应管不导通，第二电磁继电器、第三电磁继电器、第四电磁继电器均不动作，被测设备不工作；Step 3: The current forms a potential difference on the third resistor, the second operational amplifier outputs a high level, the third field effect transistor is turned on, the switch of the first electromagnetic relay is adjusted from the normally closed end to the normally open end, and the alarm device works; and the second The second field effect tube is not conducting, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay, and the fourth electromagnetic relay do not operate, and the device under test does not work;
步骤四：第三场效应管不导通，第一电磁继电器不动作，报警装置不工作；第二场效应管导通，第二电磁继电器、第三电磁继电器、第四电磁继电器均动作，被测设备被供电，开始工作。Step 4: The third FET is not conducting, the first electromagnetic relay does not act, and the alarm device does not work; the second FET is conducting, the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay, and the fourth electromagnetic relay all act, and are activated. The test equipment is powered and starts working.
进一步的，步骤一中能够通过调整第二电阻来调整检测电流大小。Further, in step 1, the magnitude of the detection current can be adjusted by adjusting the second resistor.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明可应用于各种设备的供电前检测，能及时检测出设备的漏电、短路情况，即刻提示并不给设备提供电力，直到故障排除后再次进行检测，检测通过后才可以启动设备，可以很好的保护设备，避免由于疏忽导致的短路、漏电情况出现，保障工作人员安全及设备的安全运行。The invention can be applied to the detection before power supply of various equipment, and can detect the leakage and short circuit of the equipment in time, and immediately prompts that the equipment will not be supplied with power, and the equipment can be started again after the fault is eliminated, and the equipment can be started after the detection is passed. It protects the equipment very well, avoids short circuit and leakage caused by negligence, and ensures the safety of the staff and the safe operation of the equipment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明电路示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下各个元器件的序号与附图中的阿拉伯数字对应。如第一电阻对应于R1，第一运算放大器对应于A1，第一场效应管对应于Q1。The serial numbers of the following components correspond to the Arabic numerals in the drawings. For example, the first resistor corresponds to R1, the first operational amplifier corresponds to A1, and the first field effect transistor corresponds to Q1.
如图1所示，本发明所述电路包括恒流子电路，提示子电路，电力切换子电路。As shown in FIG. 1 , the circuit of the present invention includes a constant current sub-circuit, a prompt sub-circuit, and a power switching sub-circuit.
恒流子电路包括第一电阻、第二可调电阻、第一运算放大器,第一场效应管、第四非极性电容。各个零部件的连接关系为：第一电阻一端连接辅助电源高电势端（VCC），另一端连接第二可调电阻一个固定端，第二可调电阻另一固定端连接到地，其可调端连接到第一运算放大器的同相端，第一运算放大器的输出端连接到第一场效应管的栅极。第一场效应管的漏极连接到辅助电源的高电势端（VCC），源极连接到第一运算放大器的反相输入端及第一电磁继电器的公共端，栅极连接到第四非极性电容一端，所述第四非极性电容的另一端连接到第一场效应管的源极。本子电路的工作原理为：第一电阻与第二可调电阻串联构成分压结构给运放同相端，由第一场效应管与设备构成串联结构，考虑设备内阻，所以此时运放反相输入端有一定电压，与反相输入端进行比较，构成电压比较器，控制运放输出电压从而控制场效应管输出，达到恒流输出目的。The constant current sub-circuit includes a first resistor, a second adjustable resistor, a first operational amplifier, a first field effect transistor and a fourth non-polar capacitor. The connection relationship of each component is: one end of the first resistor is connected to the high potential terminal (VCC) of the auxiliary power supply, the other end is connected to a fixed end of the second adjustable resistor, and the other fixed end of the second adjustable resistor is connected to the ground. The terminal is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the gate of the first field effect transistor. The drain of the first FET is connected to the high potential terminal (VCC) of the auxiliary power supply, the source is connected to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the common terminal of the first electromagnetic relay, and the gate is connected to the fourth non-pole One end of the polar capacitor, and the other end of the fourth non-polar capacitor is connected to the source of the first field effect transistor. The working principle of this sub-circuit is: the first resistor and the second adjustable resistor are connected in series to form a voltage divider structure for the same phase end of the op amp, and the first FET and the device form a series structure, considering the internal resistance of the device, so at this time the op amp reverses There is a certain voltage at the phase input terminal, which is compared with the inverting input terminal to form a voltage comparator, which controls the output voltage of the operational amplifier to control the output of the field effect tube to achieve the purpose of constant current output.
提示子电路包括第四电阻、第四三极管（本发明所述的各个三极管为NPN型三极管）、报警设备。各个零部件的连接关系为：第一电磁继电器的常开端连接第四电阻一端及第四三极管的基极。第四三极管的发射极接地，且集电极与报警设备连接后连接到辅助电源高电势（VCC）。本子电路的工作原理为：当短路时电流通过第四电阻到地，在第四电阻上形成电压，给第四三极管提供了到导通电压，驱动报警设备工作。所述报警设备可以为发光二极管(即图中的LED0)或者蜂鸣器（即图中的Bell）或者发光二极管与蜂鸣器的组合。当为发光二极管与蜂鸣器的组合时，所述蜂鸣器一端连接第四三极管，另一端连接发光二极管一端，所述发光二极管的另一端则连接到辅助电源高电势。The prompting sub-circuit includes a fourth resistor, a fourth transistor (each transistor described in the present invention is an NPN transistor), and an alarm device. The connection relationship of each component is: the normally open end of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with one end of the fourth resistor and the base of the fourth triode. The emitter of the fourth triode is grounded, and the collector is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply (VCC) after being connected to the alarm device. The working principle of this sub-circuit is: when the short circuit occurs, the current passes through the fourth resistor to the ground, and a voltage is formed on the fourth resistor, which provides the fourth triode with a conduction voltage to drive the alarm device to work. The alarm device can be a light-emitting diode (that is, LED0 in the figure) or a buzzer (that is, Bell in the figure) or a combination of a light-emitting diode and a buzzer. When it is a combination of a light emitting diode and a buzzer, one end of the buzzer is connected to the fourth triode, the other end is connected to one end of the light emitting diode, and the other end of the light emitting diode is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply.
电力切换子电路包括第三电阻、第一电磁继电器、第二运算放大器、第六非极性电容、第三场效应管、第二电磁继电器、第三电磁继电器、第四电磁继电器、第二场效应管、第五非极性电容、第三运算放大器、第二接线端子、第三接线端子。各个零部件的连接关系为：第三电阻一端连接到第一电磁继电器的常闭端，另一端接第二电磁继电器的常闭端。第二运算放大器的反向输入端连接到第一电磁继电器的常闭端，正向输入端连接到第一电磁继电器的常闭端，输出端连接到第六非极性电容一端及第三场效应管的栅极。第六非极性电容的另一端计第三场效应管的源极接地。第三场效应管的漏极连接到第一电磁继电器的一个驱动端，所述第一电磁继电器的另一个驱动端则连接到辅助电源高电势（VCC）。第二电磁继电器的公共端连接到第二接线端子的一端，常开端则连接到第四电磁继电器的公共端。第三电磁继电器的公共端连接到第二接线端子的另一端，常闭端连接到地，常开端连接到设备供电线的零线或负极。第四电磁继电器的公共端连接到第二电磁继电器的常开端，常开端连接到设备供电的火线（或正极），常闭端连接到设备供电的零线（或负极）。第三运算放大器的同相端连接到第二电磁继电器的常闭端，第三运算放大器的反相输入端连接到地。The power switching sub-circuit includes a third resistor, a first electromagnetic relay, a second operational amplifier, a sixth non-polar capacitor, a third field effect transistor, a second electromagnetic relay, a third electromagnetic relay, a fourth electromagnetic relay, and a second field An effect tube, a fifth non-polar capacitor, a third operational amplifier, a second connection terminal, and a third connection terminal. The connection relationship of each component is: one end of the third resistor is connected to the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other end is connected to the normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay. The inverting input end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, the positive input end is connected to the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay, and the output end is connected to one end of the sixth non-polar capacitor and the third field The gate of the effect transistor. The other end of the sixth non-polar capacitor is grounded as the source of the third field effect transistor. The drain of the third field effect transistor is connected to one drive terminal of the first electromagnetic relay, and the other drive terminal of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the high potential (VCC) of the auxiliary power supply. The common end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to one end of the second connection terminal, and the normally open end is connected to the common end of the fourth electromagnetic relay. The common end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to the other end of the second connection terminal, the normally closed end is connected to the ground, and the normally open end is connected to the neutral line or the negative pole of the equipment power supply line. The common end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the normally open end of the second electromagnetic relay, the normally open end is connected to the live line (or positive pole) of the equipment power supply, and the normally closed end is connected to the neutral line (or negative pole) of the equipment power supply. The non-inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier is connected to the normally closed terminal of the second electromagnetic relay, and the inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier is connected to the ground.
第二电磁继电器的一个驱动端连接到辅助电源高电势，另一个驱动端连接到第三电磁继电器的一个驱动端，第三电磁继电器的另一个驱动端连接到第四电磁继电器的一个驱动端，第四电磁继电器的另一个驱动端连接到第二场效应管的漏极，第二场效应管的源极接到地，栅极连接到第五非极性电容一端，所述第五非极性电容的另一端则接地。One driving end of the second electromagnetic relay is connected to the high potential of the auxiliary power supply, the other driving end is connected to one driving end of the third electromagnetic relay, the other driving end of the third electromagnetic relay is connected to one driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay, The other driving end of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the drain of the second field effect transistor, the source of the second field effect transistor is connected to the ground, and the grid is connected to one end of the fifth nonpolar capacitor, and the fifth nonpolar The other end of the capacitor is grounded.
电力切换子电路的工作原理为：当检测无误后，由于设备无短路、漏电现象，所以会在第三电阻处形成电势，所以对于第三运算放大器而言，同相端电势高与反相输入端，所以输出高电平，使第二场效应管打开，使得第二电磁继电器，第三电磁继电器，第四电磁继电器工作，使之打到常开端，给设备供电，第三接线端子为设备供电输入接口，第二接线端子为设备接入接口。The working principle of the power switching sub-circuit is: when the detection is correct, a potential will be formed at the third resistor because the device has no short circuit or leakage. Therefore, for the third operational amplifier, the potential of the non-inverting terminal is high and the inverting input terminal , so the output is high, so that the second field effect tube is turned on, so that the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay, and the fourth electromagnetic relay work, so that they are switched to the normal open end to supply power to the equipment, and the third terminal supplies power to the equipment The input interface, the second connection terminal is the equipment access interface.
优选的，本发明还包括辅助电源子电路，包括第一接线端子、第一整流桥电路、第一极性电容、第二极性电容、第三非极性电容。所述第一极性电容、第二极性电容、第三非极性电容并联构成整流滤波电路。且并联电路的两个并联点与第一整流桥电路的两个输出端连接。第一接线端子则与第一整流桥电路的两个输入端连接，为辅助电源子电路提供输入电压。由于考虑到设备输入为交流电，所以需要将第一接线端子的输入电压规定不得超过五伏。Preferably, the present invention further includes an auxiliary power supply sub-circuit, including a first connection terminal, a first rectifier bridge circuit, a first polar capacitor, a second polar capacitor, and a third non-polar capacitor. The first polarity capacitor, the second polarity capacitor and the third non-polarity capacitor are connected in parallel to form a rectification and filtering circuit. And the two parallel connection points of the parallel circuit are connected with the two output terminals of the first rectifier bridge circuit. The first connection terminal is connected with the two input ends of the first rectifier bridge circuit to provide input voltage for the auxiliary power supply sub-circuit. Considering that the input of the device is AC, the input voltage of the first connection terminal should not exceed five volts.
其主要思想为在给设备供电前采用小电流进行贯通，若导通即设备有短路、漏电情况发生，若不导通，即设备无短路、漏电。The main idea is to use a small current to connect the device before supplying power to the device. If it is connected, the device will have a short circuit or leakage. If it is not connected, the device will have no short circuit or leakage.
本发明适用于纯阻型设备检测步骤具体为：The present invention is applicable to the detection steps of pure resistance type equipment, specifically:
步骤一：采用恒流源提供微检测电流，可根据被测设备情况自行调整检测电流的大小，调整检测电流大小可通过调整第二电阻实现。Step 1: Use a constant current source to provide a micro-detection current. You can adjust the size of the detection current according to the condition of the device under test. Adjusting the size of the detection current can be achieved by adjusting the second resistor.
步骤二：检测电流通过第一电磁继电器的常闭端和第二电磁继电器的常闭端进入设备端口一端，将设备串联进以后通过第三及第四电磁继电器接入电力供应,恒流源供给小电流，通过设备时，如果设备有短路、漏电情况则执行步骤三，否则执行步骤四。Step 2: The detection current enters one end of the device port through the normally closed end of the first electromagnetic relay and the normally closed end of the second electromagnetic relay, connects the device in series, and then connects to the power supply through the third and fourth electromagnetic relays, and the constant current source supply When a small current passes through the device, if there is a short circuit or leakage in the device, go to
步骤三：检测电流通过第三电阻接入低电势，检测电流在第三电阻上形成电势差，此时电势差在第二运算放大器器构成的电压比较器上形成同相端高于反相端的情况，此时运放输出高电平，使得第三场效应管导通，第一电磁继电器的开关由常闭端调整到常开端，使得检测电流能够控制第四三极管，导通蜂鸣器和LED灯，发出声光报警；同时由于第三运算放大器的同相端与反相端均为低电势，则第二场效应管不打开，则第二电磁继电器、第三电磁继电器、第四电磁继电器均不动作，那么此时不会对被测设备进行供电操作，从而保护被测设备。Step 3: The detection current is connected to a low potential through the third resistor, and the detection current forms a potential difference on the third resistor. At this time, the potential difference forms a situation in which the non-inverting terminal is higher than the inverting terminal on the voltage comparator formed by the second operational amplifier. When the operational amplifier outputs a high level, the third FET is turned on, and the switch of the first electromagnetic relay is adjusted from the normally closed end to the normally open end, so that the detection current can control the fourth triode, and the buzzer and LED are turned on. Light, sound and light alarm; at the same time, because the non-inverting terminal and the inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier are both low potential, the second field effect tube is not turned on, and the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay, and the fourth electromagnetic relay are all If no action is taken, the device under test will not be powered at this time, thereby protecting the device under test.
步骤四：视被测设备为阻性元件，此时在第三电阻上形成很小的电势差，此时第二运算放大器不会输出高电平，所以第三场效应管不会导通，呈现截止状态，所以第一电磁继电器不动作，检测电流不能够控制第四三极管，则不能导通蜂鸣器和LED灯，不发出声光报警；同时由于第三运算放大器的同相端高电势高于反相端低电势，则第二场效应管导通，则第二电磁继电器、第三电磁继电器、第四电磁继电器均动作，此时对被测设备进行供电操作，使得被测设备能够开始工作。Step 4: The device under test is regarded as a resistive element. At this time, a small potential difference is formed on the third resistor. At this time, the second operational amplifier will not output high level, so the third FET will not be turned on, showing In the cut-off state, the first electromagnetic relay does not act, and the detection current cannot control the fourth transistor, so the buzzer and LED light cannot be turned on, and no sound and light alarm is issued; at the same time, due to the high potential of the non-inverting terminal of the third operational If it is higher than the low potential of the inverting terminal, the second field effect transistor will be turned on, and the second electromagnetic relay, the third electromagnetic relay, and the fourth electromagnetic relay will all act. start working.
在本发明中，可根据被测设备实际情况更改第三电阻大小，务必使得第三电阻阻值小于被测设备电阻。In the present invention, the size of the third resistor can be changed according to the actual situation of the device under test, and the resistance value of the third resistor must be smaller than the resistance of the device under test.
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