CN106521788A - 横编结构的医用夹板材料 - Google Patents

横编结构的医用夹板材料 Download PDF

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CN106521788A
CN106521788A CN201610911916.1A CN201610911916A CN106521788A CN 106521788 A CN106521788 A CN 106521788A CN 201610911916 A CN201610911916 A CN 201610911916A CN 106521788 A CN106521788 A CN 106521788A
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medical splint
low melting
melting point
splint material
fibre
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马丕波
缪旭红
蒋高明
丛洪莲
陈晴
万爱兰
常玉萍
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Jiangnan University
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    • D04BKNITTING
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    • D04BKNITTING
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    • D04B1/10Patterned fabrics or articles
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    • D04B1/22Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
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    • D10B2211/00Protein-based fibres, e.g. animal fibres
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种横编结构的医用夹板材料,采用低熔点人造纤维单独或与普通化纤配合进行编织,根据不同的原料选择及喂入方式,采用相适应的纬编组织在电脑横机上进行编织。本发明所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料可在常温或低温下存放,当温度高于一定临界温度,即低熔点人造纤维的熔融温度时可迅速软化,按照所需形态任意变形,变形后将环境温度降低至低于临界温度时,该横编针织材料即可迅速变硬,形成兼具一定强度和透气性的夹板材料,且可重复利用。

Description

横编结构的医用夹板材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种横编结构的医用夹板材料,尤其是一种在一定温度下能够变成刚性夹板结构的柔性横编针织物,属于纺织技术领域。
背景技术
医用夹板,也就是骨科外固定材料。从医用角度来看,医用夹板材料应具有一定的强度、韧性和透气性,重量越轻越好,最好能透过X射线等。最早被广泛应用的骨科外固定材料是石膏和木板,均很难满足这些要求。石膏材料很容易塑形,具有良好的成型能力,干燥后具有足够的强度,而且原料来源广,价格低,长期以来一直是骨科外固定的首选材料。但石膏比较笨重,而且不透气,会给患者的生活带来不便,延误病情康复;石膏也不能透过X射线,不方便医生对患者的病情进行查看;石膏遇水溶解,固化时间长,操作复杂,而且不耐磨,易掉粉末,不易保存,拆装也不方便。小夹板固定法则是指用绷带把木板、竹板或塑料等材料制成的夹板固定在肢体上,使骨折部位保持固定不动,以利于骨折部位愈合。这种疗法适用于各类骨折。但小夹板基本都是平面结构,难以与人体肢体的形状相适配;木质小夹板一般较硬,几乎没有弹性,而且透气性差,不能满足患者的舒适性要求。现代复合医用夹板主要是由多层纺织品与水固化或热固化树脂复合成,外面包覆套层而成,其性能主要取决于纺织品以及树脂的结构和性能。目前,水固化复合夹板多采用聚氨酯,使用前需将夹板放在温水中浸泡一定时间,然后把水挤出,外表擦干,再在患者伤处施用,多采用现场成型的方式。此类夹板在未开封启用前,平挺柔软,但将其包装打开、浸水、固定于患者骨折部位后,稍过片刻,复合夹板即固化定型,从而起到固定作用,使用方便。热固化复合夹板遇热处于塑形状态,冷却后又变坚硬,可反复使用。一般在65-70℃时呈柔软自粘性状态,在约50℃以下呈现为刚性片材。此类夹板的常用树脂是聚烯烃、聚酰胺和聚酯,可以不加基布。尽管现代复合夹板有了很大进步,但其很难成型圆滑,透气性也是个难以解决的问题。
专利申请CN00242274.3把夹板设计成弧形,以适应类似圆形的肢体外形,减少了夹板对皮肤的局部压迫;并采用具有一定弹张性能的橡胶材料作为捆绑固定束带,使患者佩戴舒适度有所提高。
专利申请CN00243168.8公开了一种小夹板,整个夹板分为几部分,每一部分的小夹板放置在一个丙纶袋子中,各个装有小夹板的袋子之间靠皮带相连接。相比传统夹板,这种夹板结构简单,方便易行,不易松动。
专利申请CN200320121357.2公开的急救用可调式连体小夹板,为适合肢体形状,整块夹板沿肢体纵向分成三块,夹板外衬软棉布料,每块由粘带相连。这种夹板可以根据肢体粗细以及病情调节夹板间宽度和相对位置。
随着现代复合材料的发展,新型医用夹板的开发也取得了显著进展。专利申请CN01245891.0公开的高分子夹板,是由位于中间的乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)自粘层和位于两表面的高强度聚己内酯(PCL)自粘层三层板体复合而成,在70℃下可软化任意塑形,常温4-6分钟变硬。这种高分子化合物夹板不含有纺织基布。
专利申请US10/319224介绍的夹板包括抗菌层、湿敏固化层和外层。抗菌层采用添加了抗菌剂的多层丙纶无纺布,固化树脂仍为湿敏固化型聚氨酯,布基为涤纶布,外套层采用锦纶和涤纶的微细纤维织物。此夹板是水固化型的。
由以上相关研究进展可看出,现代医用夹板多用复合夹板取代了传统的石膏和木板。这些织物复合材料或无织物高分子材料的夹板形状适应性不够好,转弯处易出现褶皱;湿固化型夹板的固化时间太长,而热固化型夹板的自粘性温度较高,均会给患者带来不适;对于现有这些夹板来说,良好的透气性也是一个问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中存在的不足,针对现有医用夹板材料形状适应性不好,透气性不够,患者舒适性较差等缺陷,提供一种横编结构的医用夹板材料,制作工艺简单,适形能力强,且本身可具有一定透气性。
按照本发明提供的技术方案,一种横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:采用低熔点人造纤维或者低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤配合编织纬编结构,该医用夹板材料在临界温度以上时软化变形形成所需形状,变形后低于临界温度时固化;
所述低熔点人造纤维采用低熔点聚酯纤维、低熔点聚酰胺纤维、低熔点聚烯烃纤维、羟甲基纤维素纤维、海藻酸盐纤维、胶朊质纤维或甲壳素纤维。
进一步的,所述医用夹板材料采用低熔点人造纤维时,纬编结构采用纬平针组织或者纬平针组织与集圈组织和/或移圈组织的组合。
进一步的,所述医用夹板材料采用低熔点人造纤维时,所述医用夹板材料的孔隙率大于75%。
进一步的,所述医用夹板材料采用低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤配合时,低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤的比例≥3:2。
进一步的,所述低熔点人造纤维以成圈编织为主,普通化纤部分选择性成圈,普通化纤的线圈数与浮线数的比例关系为1:B,其中B≥5。
进一步的,所述普通化纤采用聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维工或聚烯烃纤维。
进一步的,所述低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤同时喂入编织,则医用夹板材料的组织采用纬平针组织或罗纹组织。
进一步的,所述低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤非同时喂入,则医用夹板材料的组织采用提花组织或浮线添纱组织。
进一步的,所述低熔点聚酯纤维的临界温度为60摄氏度,当低于60摄氏度时即可固化成硬质医用夹板材料。
进一步的,所述医用夹板材料采用电脑横机纬编成圈方式进行编织。
相比于现有技术,本发明可以获得以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所采用的织造设备为电脑横机,是市场现有设备,操作技术成熟,制备方便,易于本发明的成本控制和批量生产;
(2)本发明在提供所需硬度的同时兼具透气性,且可通过原料配置和组织结构的不同选择实现不同的硬度和透气性,灵活性更强;
(3)本发明的横编针织结构医用夹板适形能力强,柔性织物硬化前可随人体不同表面形态变形,可大大提高人体的舒适度;
(4)本发明的横编针织结构医用夹板只要达到临界温度即可发生性质变化,即软化或变硬,可重复利用。
附图说明
图1a为纬平针组织的工艺正面图。
图1b为纬平针组织的工艺反面图。
图2为本发明所述横编结构的医用夹板材料的示意图。
图3为集圈组织的示意图。
图4为移圈组织的示意图。
图5为双色单面均匀提花组织的示意图。
图6为实施例二所述医用夹板材料的意匠图。
图7为实施例二所述医用夹板材料的编织结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一:
本发明所述横编结构的医用夹板材料,采用低熔点人造纤维编织纬平针组织,组织结构如图1所示,可变形硬化成如图2所示的圆筒形医用夹板。
所述低熔点人造纤维可以采用低熔点聚酯纤维、低熔点聚酰胺纤维、低熔点聚烯烃纤维等改性低熔点合成纤维、或者羟甲基纤维素纤维、海藻酸盐纤维、胶朊质纤维、甲壳素纤维等新型生物纤维材料。所述低熔点人造纤维,其特点是纤维在达到一定温度时即可熔化,互相粘结,从而失去纤维形态,在温度低于该临界温度时即可固化成硬质医用夹板材料。譬如,低熔点聚酯纤维的熔点为112摄氏度,软化点为60摄氏度,当低于60摄氏度时即可固化成硬质医用夹板材料。
实施例一所述的医用夹板材料采用的纬平针组织中也可以与如图3所示的集圈组织或/和如图4所示的移圈组织相组合。
所述的医用夹板材料采用粗机号电脑横机进行编织,如3.5G或3G机号,国内外各横机品牌所提供的电脑横机均可适用,包括德国STOLL各系列电脑横机、日本岛精电脑横机、中国慈星电脑横机等。
所述的医用夹板材料的孔隙率可通过增减同时喂入的低熔点人造纤维纱线数,或是改变织物线圈弯纱深度进行调节。同时喂入的纱线越多,线圈弯纱深度越小,则所得医用夹板材料的孔隙率越小。所述医用夹板材料的孔隙率大于75%为宜。
实施例二:
本发明所述横编结构的医用夹板材料,组织结构如图5所示,采用低熔点人造纤维与普通化纤交织编织双色单面提花组织。
所述低熔点人造纤维可以采用低熔点聚酯纤维、低熔点聚酰胺纤维、低熔点聚烯烃纤维等改性低熔点合成纤维、或者羟甲基纤维素纤维、海藻酸盐纤维、胶朊质纤维、甲壳素纤维等新型生物纤维材料。其特点是纤维在达到一定温度时即可熔化,互相粘结,从而失去纤维形态,在温度低于该临界温度时即可固化成硬质医用夹板材料。所述普通化纤采用聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维工、聚烯烃纤维等常规纤维材料。
在本发明实施例二的双色单面提花组织中,低熔点人造纤维以成圈编织为主,普通化纤仅用于部分选择性成圈,普通化纤与低熔点人造纤维的比例关系为1:A,其中A≥5,普通化纤的线圈数与浮线数的比例关系为1:B,其中B≥5。根据对医用夹板材料的硬度和透气性要求来调整低熔点人造纤维与普通化纤的比例配置,以及普通化纤成圈与浮线的比例配置,普通化纤所占比例越小,成圈数越少,则医用夹板材料硬化后的硬度越大,透气性越差。
本发明实施二中低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤非同时喂入,而是根据特定花型要求分别喂入,结构如图6、图7所示。若低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤同时喂入编织,则医用夹板材料的组织采用纬平针组织或罗纹组织。
本发明实施例二所述医用夹板材料采用常规电脑横机进行编织,机号与纱支匹配即可,国内外各横机品牌所提供的电脑横机均可适用,包括德国STOLL各系列电脑横机、日本岛精电脑横机、中国慈星电脑横机等。
本发明所述横编结构的医用夹板材料,采用低熔点人造纤维单独或与普通化纤配合进行编织,根据不同的原料选择及喂入方式,采用相适应的纬编组织在电脑横机上进行编织。本发明所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料可在常温或低温下存放,当温度高于一定临界温度,即低熔点人造纤维的熔融温度时可迅速软化,按照所需形态任意变形,变形后将环境温度降低至低于临界温度时,该横编针织材料即可迅速变硬,形成兼具一定强度和透气性的夹板材料,且可重复利用。

Claims (10)

1.一种横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:采用低熔点人造纤维或者低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤配合编织纬编结构,该医用夹板材料在临界温度以上时软化变形形成所需形状,变形后低于临界温度时固化形成医用夹板;
所述低熔点人造纤维采用低熔点聚酯纤维、低熔点聚酰胺纤维、低熔点聚烯烃纤维、羟甲基纤维素纤维、海藻酸盐纤维、胶朊质纤维或甲壳素纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述医用夹板材料采用低熔点人造纤维时,纬编结构采用纬平针组织或者纬平针组织与集圈组织和/或移圈组织的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述医用夹板材料采用低熔点人造纤维时,所述医用夹板材料的孔隙率大于75%。
4.如权利要求1所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述医用夹板材料采用低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤配合时,低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤的比例≥3:2。
5.如权利要求4所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述低熔点人造纤维以成圈编织为主,普通化纤部分选择性成圈,普通化纤的线圈数与浮线数的比例关系为1:B,其中B≥5。
6.如权利要求1所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述普通化纤采用聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维工或聚烯烃纤维。
7.如权利要求4所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤同时喂入编织,则医用夹板材料的组织采用纬平针组织或罗纹组织。
8.如权利要求4所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述低熔点人造纤维和普通化纤非同时喂入,则医用夹板材料的组织采用提花组织或浮线添纱组织。
9.如权利要求1所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述低熔点聚酯纤维的临界温度为60摄氏度,当低于60摄氏度时即可固化成硬质医用夹板材料。
10.如权利要求1所述的横编结构的医用夹板材料,其特征是:所述医用夹板材料采用电脑横机纬编成圈方式进行编织。
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