CN106520230A - 一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂 - Google Patents

一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂 Download PDF

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CN106520230A
CN106520230A CN201611112794.6A CN201611112794A CN106520230A CN 106520230 A CN106520230 A CN 106520230A CN 201611112794 A CN201611112794 A CN 201611112794A CN 106520230 A CN106520230 A CN 106520230A
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张晓昕
唐诗洋
张树华
徐晓秋
陆海玲
刘岩
李健
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HEILONGJIANG DESHENGYUAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
Energy and Environment Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province
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Abstract

本发明提供一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂，它由以下质量百分比的组分组成：助溶剂34～45％、抗氧剂0.5～1％、金属腐蚀抑制剂0.5～1％、余量为主剂；所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1‑二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2‑甲基‑2‑丁烯混配组成；所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯混配组成。本发明所述的复合添加剂改变了甲醇的低温挥发性能，增加了甲醇燃烧时的气化程度与蒸发率，提高了甲醇的低温流动性，解决甲醇高气化潜热所产生的冷却效应对发动机运转性能的影响，使发动机在‑40℃能够顺利启动。

Description

一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料添加剂，具体涉及一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂。
背景技术
甲醇的汽化潜热(1109kJ/kg)较高，在低温条件下，发动机启动时需要消耗较多热量使甲醇燃料汽化，另外，气化潜热大还会使环境温度下降许多，在气温低于10℃时造成燃料不易气化，即冷启动困难。甲醇粘度较大，会导致发动机起动时喷油量减少，引起润滑程度降低，这也增加了冷启动的困难。由于我国北方高寒地区的气候特点，在冬季气温较低时(最低气温﹣35℃以下)，车辆就会出现冷启动困难、加速性下降，随着甲醇添加量的增加，上述情况更为突出，但目前，针对高寒气温情况来研究解决车辆冷启动问题的技术还较少或效果不明显。
冷启动问题解决的不好，则混合气形成不良燃烧，发动机低温启动困难，同时伴有燃烧不完全，预热时间延长，油耗增加，HC排放浓度增大，稀释发动机润滑油，加剧了发动机润滑油的变质，影响正常润滑等问题。冬季低温下，发动机很难启动，需要经过多次反复的连续脚踩启动，才有可能发动起来。在多数情况下，多次反复的连续脚踩也不能启动，即使启动后，其运行转速也不是很平稳，耗油量高，在怠速情况下则会很快熄火。因此，有必要对甲醇物性作相应调整，解决我国高寒地区冬季车辆冷启动的问题。
发明内容
本发明目的在于：提供一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂，以解决现有的燃料甲醇在发动机冷启动时存在的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
提供一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂，它由以下质量百分比的组分组成：助溶剂34～45％、抗氧剂0.5～1％、金属腐蚀抑制剂0.5～1％、余量为主剂；
所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2-甲基-2-丁烯混配组成；
所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯混配组成。
本发明优选的方案中，所述的主剂中丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷、2-甲基-2-丁烯重量比为8～30:5～8:7～9:10～12:8～13:2～6:3～5。
本发明优选的方案中，所述的助溶剂中异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇、乙酸叔丁酯重量比为15～18:10～14:6～8:3～5。
本发明优选的一种实施方式中，所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2-甲基-2-丁烯按照8:7:8.5:11.5:12:5:4.5的重量比混配而成；且所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯按照17:13:7.5:4.5的重量比混配而成。
本发明优选的另一种实施方式中，所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2-甲基-2-丁烯按照16.6:6:8:11:10:4:4的重量比混配而成；且所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯按照16:12:7:4的重量比混配而成。
本发明优选的再一种实施方式中，所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2-甲基-2-丁烯按照30:5:7:10:8:2:3的重量比混配而成；且所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯按照15:10:6:3的重量比混配而成。
本发明优选的方案中，所述的抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基混合酚。
本发明优选的方案中，所述的金属腐蚀抑制剂为N,N'-二亚水杨丙二胺。
本发明优选的方案中，所述的抗氧剂重量百分比为0.5～0.75％。
本发明优选的方案中，所述的金属腐蚀抑制剂重量百分比为0.5～0.75％。
本发明所述的甲醇燃料添加剂通过将所述比例的组分常规混合而制备，在甲醇燃料中添加使用的量占甲醇燃料重量的1～8％。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：
(1)本发明添加低沸点易挥发组分，改变甲醇的低温挥发性能，使其在低温下可参与燃烧；增加了燃烧时的气化程度与蒸发率，促使甲醇燃料在气缸内形成均匀混合气并充分燃烧，使发动机功率上升；提高甲醇的低温流动性，解决甲醇高气化潜热所产生的冷却效应对发动机运转性能的影响，使发动机在-40℃能够顺利启动。
(2)本发明解决了在生产和运输过程中甲醇遇水分层的问题；甲醇燃料在含水(0.3％(国标含水量为0.2％)的情况下仍保持均一透明；甲醇燃料的比热不会随着水含量的增加而增加，避免发动机启动时消耗较多能量，造成冷启动困难。
(3)本发明复合添加剂为有机无灰类，不含金属成分，发动机内不产生积碳与磨粒、不磨损喷油嘴和气缸排气阀、不会使排气系统的三元催化剂中毒，安全适用于所有车型。
(4)本发明有效抑制甲醇燃料对机体金属产生的腐蚀作用，通过在金属表面形成保护膜，同时与甲醇相溶，从而在一定程度上隔离了甲醇与金属的接触，抑制甲醇对金属的腐蚀。增强甲醇燃料的抗氧化性，提高储存稳定性。
(5)本发明的复合添加剂配伍组分来源广泛，价格低廉，复配工艺简单，技术成熟，无三废。
(6)本发明适用于压燃式柴油发动机，也适用于点燃式汽油发动机。
具体实施方式
下面以实施例列举的方式对本发明作进一步详细描述，但本发明的范围并不限于所列举的实施例。
实施例1、
一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂，按质量百分比计，它由以下组分组成：丙酮8％、乙酸甲酯7％、环戊烷8.5％、乙二醇二乙醚11.5％、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷12％、溴乙烷5％、2-甲基-2-丁烯4.5％、异丁醇17％、异戊醇13％、辛醇7.5％、乙酸叔丁酯4.5％、2,6-二叔丁基混合酚0.75％、N,N'-二亚水杨丙二胺0.75％。
本实施例添加剂在甲醇燃料中的添加量为甲醇燃料重量的2％，适用于外界环境温度为0℃以上的情况。
表1.添加本实施例复合添加剂前后甲醇燃料性能检测对比
表2.添加本实施例复合添加剂前后甲醇燃料遇水抗相分离性能试验结果
注：加水0.3％，振荡5min，静置48h。
表3.添加本实施例添加剂前后冷启动试验对比数据
实施例2、
一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂，按质量百分比计，它由以下组分组成：丙酮16.6％、乙酸甲酯6％、环戊烷8％、乙二醇二乙醚11％、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷10％、溴乙烷4％、2-甲基-2-丁烯4％、异丁醇16％、异戊醇12％、辛醇7％、乙酸叔丁酯4％、2,6-二叔丁基混合酚0.7％、N,N'-二亚水杨丙二胺0.7％。
本实施例添加剂在甲醇燃料中的添加量为甲醇燃料重量的4％，适用于外界环境温度为﹣20℃以上的情况。
表4.添加本实施例复合添加剂前后甲醇燃料性能检测对比
表5.添加本实施例复合添加剂前后甲醇燃料遇水抗相分离性能试验结果
注：加水0.3％，振荡5min，静置48h。
表6.添加本实施例添加剂前后冷启动试验对比数据
实施例3、
一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂，按质量百分比计，它由以下组分组成：丙酮30％、乙酸甲酯5％、环戊烷7％、乙二醇二乙醚10％、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷8％、溴乙烷2％、2-甲基-2-丁烯3％、异丁醇15％、异戊醇10％、辛醇6％、乙酸叔丁酯3％、2,6-二叔丁基混合酚0.5％、N,N'-二亚水杨丙二胺0.5％。
本实施例添加剂在甲醇燃料中的添加量为甲醇燃料重量的6％，适用于外界环境温度为﹣40℃以上的情况。
表7.添加本实施例复合添加剂前后甲醇燃料性能检测对比
表8.添加本实施例复合添加剂前后甲醇燃料遇水抗相分离性能试验结果
注：加水0.3％，振荡5min，静置48h。
表9.添加本实施例添加剂前后冷启动试验对比数据

Claims (10)

1.一种有助于压燃机冷启动的甲醇燃料复合添加剂，其特征在于，它由以下质量百分比的组分组成：助溶剂34～45％、抗氧剂0.5～1％、金属腐蚀抑制剂0.5～1％、余量为主剂；所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2-甲基-2-丁烯混配组成；所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯混配组成。
2.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述的主剂中丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷、2-甲基-2-丁烯重量比为8～30:5～8:7～9:10～12:8～13:2～6:3～5。
3.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述的助溶剂中异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇、乙酸叔丁酯重量比为15～18:10～14:6～8:3～5。
4.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2-甲基-2-丁烯按照8:7:8.5:11.5:12:5:4.5的重量比混配而成；且所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯按照17:13:7.5:4.5的重量比混配而成。
5.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2-甲基-2-丁烯按照16.6:6:8:11:10:4:4的重量比混配而成；且所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯按照16:12:7:4的重量比混配而成。
6.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述的主剂由丙酮、乙酸甲酯、环戊烷、乙二醇二乙醚、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、溴乙烷和2-甲基-2-丁烯按照30:5:7:10:8:2:3的重量比混配而成；且所述的助溶剂由异丁醇、异戊醇、辛醇和乙酸叔丁酯按照15:10:6:3的重量比混配而成。
7.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，所述的抗氧剂重量百分比为0.5～0.75％。
8.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，所述的金属腐蚀抑制剂重量百分比为0.5～0.75％。
9.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述的抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基混合酚。
10.权利要求1所述的复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述的金属腐蚀抑制剂为N,N'-二亚水杨丙二胺。
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