CN106518882A - 一种螺结构的有机电致发光材料及其有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
一种螺结构的有机电致发光材料及其有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106518882A CN106518882A CN201610938510.2A CN201610938510A CN106518882A CN 106518882 A CN106518882 A CN 106518882A CN 201610938510 A CN201610938510 A CN 201610938510A CN 106518882 A CN106518882 A CN 106518882A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种由如下结构式表示的具有新型螺结构的有机电致发光材料及其在有机电致发光器件。该化合物具有高稳定性,可以作为具有优良性能的磷光主体材料,制备的有机电致发光器件具有高的效率和光纯度
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料领域,具体涉及一种具有螺结构的有机电致发光材料及其有机电致发光器件,属于有机电致发光器件显示技术领域。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件(OLEDs)为在两个金属电极之间通过旋涂或者真空蒸镀沉积一层有机材料制备而成的器件,一个经典的三层有机电致发光器件包含空穴传输层,发光层和电子传输层。由阳极产生的空穴经空穴传输层跟由阴极产生的电子经电子传输层结合在发光层形成激子,而后发光。有机电致发光器件可以根据需要通过改变发光层的材料来调节发射各种需要的光。
有机电致发光器件作为一种新型的显示技术,具有自发光、宽视角、低能耗、效率高、薄、色彩丰富、响应速度快、适用温度范围广、低驱动电压、可制作柔性可弯曲与透明的显示面板以及环境友好等独特优点,可以应用在平板显示器和新一代照明上,也可以作为LCD的背光源。
自从20世纪80年代底发明以来,有机电致发光器件已经在产业上有所应用,比如作为相机和手机等屏幕,但是目前的OLED器件由于效率低,使用寿命短等因素制约其更广泛的应用,特别是大屏幕显示器,因此需要提高器件的效率。而制约其中的一个重要因素就是有机电致发光器件中的有机电致发光材料的性能。另外由于OLED器件在施加电压运行的时候,会产生焦耳热,使得有机材料容易发生结晶,影响了器件的寿命和效率,因此,也需要开发稳定高效的有机电致发光材料。
有机电致磷光现象,突破了有机电致发光量子效率低于25%的理论限制,提升到100%(Baldo M.A.,Forrest S.R.Et al,Nature,1998,395,151-154),其应用也大大地提高了有机电致发光器件的效率。一般地,电致磷光需要采用主客体掺杂技术,常用的作为磷光主体材料的CBP(4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-biphenyl)具有高效和高三线态能级,当其作为主体材料时,三线态能量能够有效地从发光主体材料转移到客体磷光发光材料。但是由于CBP的空穴易传输而电子难流动的特性,使得发光层的电荷不平衡,结果降低了器件的效率。
发明内容
本发明首先提供一种螺结构的有机电致发光材料,其为具有如下结构式I的化合物:
R1-R12独立地表示为氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C12烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C6-C30的取代或者未取代的芳基、C3-C30的取代或者未取代的杂芳基、三芳香胺基、咔唑基、三芳基氧膦基。
R1-R4优选为氢、氟、C1-C8烷基、氰基、苯基、甲苯基、吡啶基;
R5-R12其中至多两个独立地选自氢、C1-C8烷基、氰基、氟、苯基、萘基、三并苯基、N-芳基(C6-C30)、C1-C4的烷基取代的咔唑基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、荧蒽基、(9,9-二烷基)芴基、(9,9-二取代或者未取代的芳基)芴基、9,9-螺芴基、三芳香(C6-C60)胺基、取代或者未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或者未取代的二苯并呋喃基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、氮杂二苯并呋喃基、氮杂二苯并噻吩基、咪唑基,其余为氢。
进一步优选的,新型螺结构的有机电致发光材料,为下列结构式1-48的化合物:
本发明的具有螺结构的有机电致材料可以应用在有机电致发光器件、有机太阳能电池、有机薄膜晶体管或有机光感受器领域。
本发明还提供了一种有机电致发光器件,该器件包含阳极、阴极和有机层,有机层包含发光层、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的一层以上,所述有机层中至少有一层含有如结构式I所述的具有螺结构的化合物:
其中R1-R12的定义如前所述;
其中有机层为发光层;
或者有机层为发光层和电子传输层;
或者有机层为发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层;
或者有机层为空穴传输层和发光层;
或者有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层和发光层;
或者有机层为空穴传输层、发光层和电子传输层;
或者有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层和电子传输层;
或者有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层;
或者有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层;
或者有机层为空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和空穴阻挡层;
或者有机层为空穴传输层、发光层、电子注入层和空穴阻挡层。
优选地,其中如结构式I所述的化合物所在的层为发光层、空穴传输层、空穴注入层。
优选地,其中结构式I所述的化合物为结构式1-48的化合物。
如结构式I所述的具有螺结构的化合物用于发光器件制备时,可以单独使用,也可以和其他化合物混合使用;如结构式I所示的化合物可以单独使用其中的一种化合物,也可以同时使用结构式I中的两种以上的化合物。
本发明的有机电致发光器件,进一步优选的方式为,该有机电致发光器件包含阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极,其中发光层中含有一种以上的结构式I的化合物;进一步优选地,发光层中含有一种以上的结构式1-48的化合物。
有机电致发光器件的发光层含有磷光发光客体材料和具有结构式I的化合物作为主体材料,其中结构式I化合物作为主体材料,其浓度为整个发光层重量的20-99.9%,优选80-99%,更优选为90-99%。
本发明的有机电致发光器件有机层的总厚度为1-1000nm,优选50-500nm。
本发明的有机电致发光器件在使用本发明具有结构式I的化合物时,可以搭配使用其他材料,如在空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阻挡层中等,而获得蓝光、绿光、黄光、红光或者白光。
本发明有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层和空穴注入层,所需材料具有很好的空穴传输性能,能够有效地把空穴从阳极传输到发光层上。除了可以使用具有本发明I的化合物外,还可以包括其他小分子和高分子有机化合物,包括但不限于咔唑类化合物、三芳香胺化合物、联苯二胺化合物、芴类化合物、酞菁类化合物、六氰基六杂三苯(hexanitrilehexaazatriphenylene)、2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7',8,8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌(F4-TCNQ)、聚乙烯基咔唑、聚噻吩、聚乙烯或聚苯磺酸。
本发明的有机电致发光器件的发光层,具有很好的发光特性,可以根据需要调节可见光的范围。除本发明的具有结构式I化合物外,还可以含有如下化合物,但是不限于此,萘类化合物、芘类化合物、芴类化合物、菲类化合物、类化合物、荧蒽类化合物、蒽类化合物、并五苯类化合物、苝类化合物、二芳乙烯类化合物、三苯胺乙烯类化合物、胺类化合物、苯并咪唑类化合物、呋喃类化合物、有机金属螯合物。
本发明有机电致发光器件的有机电子传输材料要求具有很好的电子传输性能,能够有效地把电子从阴极传输到发光层中,具有很大的电子迁移率。可以选择如下化合物,但是不限于此:氧杂恶唑、噻唑类化合物、三氮唑类化合物、三氮嗪类化合物、三氮杂苯类化合物、喔啉类化合物、二氮蒽类化合物、含硅杂环类化合物、喹啉类化合物、菲啰啉类化合物、金属螯合物(如Alq3)、氟取代苯类化合物、苯并咪唑类化合物。
本发明有机电致发光器件的电子注入层,可以有效的把电子从阴极注入到有机层中,主要选自碱金属或者碱金属的化合物,或选自碱土金属或者碱土金属的化合物或者碱金属络合物,可以选择如下化合物,但是不限于此:碱金属、碱土金属、稀土金属、碱金属的氧化物或者卤化物、碱土金属的氧化物或者卤化物、稀土金属的氧化物或者卤化物、碱金属或者碱土金属的有机络合物;优选为锂、氟化锂、氧化锂、氮化锂、8-羟基喹啉锂、铯、碳酸铯、8-羟基喹啉铯、钙、氟化钙、氧化钙、镁、氟化镁、碳酸镁、氧化镁,这些化合物可以单独使用也可以混合物使用,也可以跟其他有机电致发光材料配合使用。
本发明的有机电致发光器件中有机层的每一层,可以通过真空蒸镀法、分子束蒸镀法、溶于溶剂的浸涂法、旋涂法、棒涂法或者喷墨打印等方式制备。对于金属电机可以使用蒸镀法或者溅射法进行制备。
器件实验表明,本发明如结构式I所述的新型螺结构的化合物,具有较好热稳定性,高发光效率,高发光纯度。采用该基于含杂环的化合物制作的有机电致发光器件具有电致发光效率良好和色纯度优异以及寿命长的优点。
附图说明
图1为化合物19的核磁谱图。
图2为化合物24的核磁谱图。
图3为化合物29的核磁谱图。
图4为化合物37的核磁谱图。
图5为本发明的一种有机电致发光器件结构示意图。
其中,110代表为玻璃基板,120代表为阳极,130代表为空穴传输层,140代表为发光层,150代表为电子传输层,160代表为电子注入层,170代表为阴极。
图6为本发明的另一种有机电致发光器件结构示意图。
其中,210代表为玻璃基板,220代表为阳极,230代表为空穴注入层,240空穴传输层,250代表为阻挡层,260代表为发光层,270代表为电子传输层,280代表为电子注入层,290代表为阴极。
具体实施方式
为了更详细叙述本发明,特举以下例子,但是不限于此。
实施例1化合物10的合成
中间体10-1的合成
在三口烧瓶中,加入邻溴碘苯(31g,110mmol)、吲哚(11.7g,100mmol)、氢氧化钾(8g,200mmol)、碘化亚铜(1.9g)、邻菲罗啉(2.5g)和邻二甲苯(400mL),氮气保护下加热回流12小时,冷却,加入二氯甲烷和水,有机层干燥浓缩,粗产品经柱层析纯化得到23g,产率85%。
中间体10-2的合成
在三口烧瓶中,加入中间体10-1(15g,55.3mmol)和150mL干燥四氢呋喃,氮气保护下冷却到零下78度,然后缓慢滴加2M的正丁基锂的正己烷溶液(27.5mL,55.3mmol),在此温度下反应1小时,然后缓慢滴加溶解有2-溴芴酮的四氢呋喃溶液(14g,55.3mmol),滴完,缓慢升到室温,反应5小时。然后用氯酸铵溶液进行猝灭,然后用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,干燥,浓缩。加入150mL乙酸和5mL浓盐酸,加热回流5小时,冷却,除去溶剂,加入二氯甲烷和水,有机层干燥,浓缩,粗产品经柱层析纯化得到15g,产率63%。
化合物10的合成
在烧瓶中,加入中间体10-2(1g,2.3mmol)、9-(2-萘基)-蒽-10-硼酸(0.8g,2.3mmol)、碳酸钾(0.63g,4.6mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(100mg)、20mL的四氢呋喃和10mL水,氮气保护下加热回流10小时,冷却,加入二氯甲烷萃取分层,有机层干燥浓缩,粗产品经柱层析纯化得到1.1g,产率76%。
实施例2化合物19的合成
中间体19-1的合成
在三口烧瓶中,加入中间体10-2(5g,11.5mmol)、联硼酸频那醇酯(4.4g,17mmol)、乙酸钾(2.2g,23mmol)、二氯二三苯基膦钯(0.5g)和二氧六环(50mL),氮气保护下加热回流10小时,冷却,除去溶剂,加二氯甲烷,水洗,干燥,过滤浓缩,粗产品用乙醇重结晶得到4.4g,产率80%。核磁如图1。
化合物19的合成
在烧瓶中,加入中间体19-1(2g,4.2mmol)、2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(1.1g,4.2mmol)、碳酸钾(1.1g,8.4mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(100mg)、20mL的四氢呋喃和10mL水,氮气保护下加热回流10小时,冷却,加入二氯甲烷萃取分层,有机层干燥浓缩,粗产品经柱层析纯化得到1.1g,产率76%。
实施例3化合物24的合成
合成方法跟化合物10的一样,除了用B-[4-(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯基]-硼酸代替9-(2-萘基)-蒽-10-硼酸外,产率85%。核磁如图2。
实施例4化合物29的合成
在烧瓶中,加入中间体10-2(2g,4.6mmol)、咔唑(0.85g,5.1mmol)、叔丁醇钠(0.9g,9.2mmol)、醋酸钯(0.15g)、X-phos(0.3g)和30mL的邻二甲苯,加热回流10小时,冷却,除去溶剂,粗产品经柱层析纯化得到1.8g,产率77%。核磁如图3。
实施例5化合物31的合成
合成路线跟化合物29一样,除了用二(4-联苯)胺代替咔唑外,产率68%。
实施例6化合物33的合成
合成路线跟化合物29一样,除了用N-[1,1’-联苯-4-基]-9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-胺代替咔唑外,产率74%。
实施例7化合物37的合成
合成方法跟化合物10的一样,除了用9-苯基-2-咔唑硼酸代替9-(2-萘基)-蒽-10-硼酸外,产率83%。核磁如图4。
实施例8化合物48的合成
中间体48-1的合成
合成方法跟中间体10-2一样,除了用4-溴芴酮代替2-溴芴酮外,产率56%。
化合物48的合成
合成方法跟化合物33一样,除了用中间体48-1代替10-2外,产率67%。
实施例9有机电致发光器件的制备
使用实施例1中的化合物10制备OLED
首先,将透明导电ITO玻璃基板110(上面带有阳极120)(中国南玻集团股份有限公司)依次经:去离子水、乙醇、丙酮和去离子水洗净,再用氧等离子处理30秒。
然后,蒸镀NPB,形成60nm厚的空穴传输层130。
然后,在空穴传输层上蒸镀本发明化合物10,形成30nm厚的发光层140。
然后,在发光层上蒸镀30nm厚的Alq3作为电子传输层150。
最后,蒸镀1nm LiF为电子注入层160和100nm Al作为器件阴极170。
所制备的器件(结构示意图见图5)用Photo Research PR650光谱仪测得的在20mA/cm2的电流效率为1.8cd/A,发射蓝光。
比较例1
除了发光层用MADN代替本发明化合物外,其他的跟实施例9一样。测得的电流效率为1.4cd/A,发射蓝光。
从上结果可以看出,本发明实施例1中的化合物的器件性能优于比较例。
器件中所述化合物的结构式如下:
实施例10有机电致发光器件的制备
使用实施例5的化合物31制备OLED。
首先,将透明导电ITO玻璃基板110(上面带有阳极120)(中国南玻集团股份有限公司)依次经:去离子水、乙醇、丙酮和去离子水洗净,再用氧等离子处理30秒。
然后,蒸镀本发明化合物31,形成60nm厚的空穴传输层130。
然后,在空穴传输层上蒸镀30nm厚的化合物Alq3作为发光层140。
然后,在发光层上蒸镀20nm厚的Alq3作为电子传输层150。最后,蒸镀1nm LiF为电子注入层160和100nm Al作为器件阴极170。
所制备的器件(结构如图5)用Photo Research PR650光谱仪测得在150mA/cm2的电流密度下的电流效率为1.8cd/A,发射绿光。
实施例11
器件的制备方法跟实施例10一样,除了用实施例6的化合物33代替化合物31外。
所制备的器件(结构如图5)用Photo Research PR650光谱仪测得在150mA/cm2的电流密度下的电流效率为1.7cd/A,发射绿光。
实施例12
器件的制备方法跟实施例10一样,除了用实施例8的化合物48代替化合物31外。
所制备的器件(结构如图5)用Photo Research PR650光谱仪测得在150mA/cm2的电流密度下的电流效率为1.8cd/A,发射绿光。
比较例2
器件的制备方法跟实施例10一样,除了用化合物NPB代替化合物31外,测得的在150mA/cm2的电流密度下的电流效率为1.2cd/A,发射绿光。
在相同的条件下,应用本发明的有机电致发光化合物制备的有机电致发光器件的电流效率高于比较例。如上所述,本发明的化合物具有高的稳定性,本发明制备的有机电致发光器件具有低驱动电压,高的效率和光纯度。
实施例13-16有机电致发光器件的制备
使用实施例的化合物制备OLED
首先,将透明导电ITO玻璃基板110(上面带有阳极120)(中国南玻集团股份有限公司)依次经:去离子水、乙醇、丙酮和去离子水洗净,再用氧等离子处理30秒。
然后,在ITO上蒸镀3nm厚的MnO3(氧化钼)为空穴注入层130。
然后,在空穴注入层上蒸镀50nm厚的TAPC为空穴传输材料140。
然后,蒸镀TCTA,形成5nm厚的电子阻挡层150。
然后,在电子阻挡层上蒸镀20nm厚的发光层160,其中,本发明化合物为主体发光材料,而以3%重量比的Ir(ppy)3作为磷光掺杂客体材料。
然后,在发光层上蒸镀40nm厚的BmPYPB作为电子传输层170。
最后,蒸镀1nm LiF为电子注入层180和80nm Al作为器件阴极190。
所制备的器件(结构示意图见图6)用Photo Research PR650光谱仪测得的在5000cd/m2的亮度下的外量子效率为如表1。
比较例3
比较例制备的器件跟实施例13-16件制备方法一样,除了用CBP代替本发明化合物作为主体材料外。
表1
实施例 | 化合物 | 电流效率(cd/A) | 发光颜色 |
13 | 19 | 60 | 绿光 |
14 | 24 | 58 | 绿光 |
15 | 29 | 55 | 绿光 |
16 | 37 | 53 | 绿光 |
比较例3 | CBP | 45 | 绿光 |
器件中所述化合物的结构式如下:
从表中可以看出,本发明的新型有机材料用于有机电致发光器件,可以降低工作电压,提高器件效率,是具有优良性能的磷光主体材料。如上所述,本发明的化合物具有高的稳定性,制备的有机电致发光器件具有高的效率和光纯度。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有螺结构的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,其为具有如下结构式I的化合物
其中,R1-R12独立地选自为氢、卤素、氰基、C1-C12烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C6-C30的取代或者未取代的芳基、C3-C30的取代或者未取代的杂芳基、三芳香胺基、咔唑基、三芳基氧膦基。
2.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,其中
R1-R4选自氢、氟、C1-C8烷基、氰基、苯基、甲苯基、吡啶基;
R5-R12其中至多两个独立地选自氢、C1-C8烷基、氰基、氟、苯基、萘基、三并苯基、N-芳基(C6-C30)、C1-C4的烷基取代的咔唑基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、荧蒽基、(9,9-二烷基)芴基、(9,9-二取代或者未取代的芳基)芴基、9,9-螺芴基、三芳香(C6-C60)胺基、取代或者未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或者未取代的二苯并呋喃基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、氮杂二苯并呋喃基、氮杂二苯并噻吩基、咪唑基,其余为氢。
3.如权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,其为具有下列结构式1-48的化合物:
4.一种有机电致发光器件,其包括阳极、阴极和有机层,有机层包含空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、阻挡层、电子注入层和电子传输层中的一层以上,其特征在于有机层中至少一层包含有如权利要求1中结构式I所述的具有螺结构的有机电致发光材料。
5.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,如结构式I所述的具有螺结构的化合物所在层为发光层、空穴传输层或空穴注入层中的一层或几层。
6.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,如结构式I所述的具有螺结构的化合物为结构式1-48的化合物。
7.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,如结构式I所述的具有螺结构的化合物可以单独使用,也可以和其他化合物混合使用。
8.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,如结构式I所述的具有螺结构的化合物可以单独使用其中的一种化合物,也可以同时使用结构式I中的两种以上的化合物。
9.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光器件,包含阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极,其特征在于,其中发光层中含有一种以上如结构式I的化合物。
10.如权利要求9所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述化合物选自结构式1-48的化合物。
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CN108440532A (zh) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-08-24 | 上海道亦化工科技有限公司 | 一种苯并吡嗪化合物及其用途和发光器件 |
CN110734440A (zh) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-01-31 | 北京鼎材科技有限公司 | 一种咪唑取代螺芴类化合物及其应用 |
CN110734440B (zh) * | 2018-07-19 | 2022-05-20 | 北京鼎材科技有限公司 | 一种咪唑取代螺芴类化合物及其应用 |
CN110746442A (zh) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-02-04 | 广州华睿光电材料有限公司 | 含咪唑螺环的化合物及其应用 |
CN111875609A (zh) * | 2019-08-08 | 2020-11-03 | 广州华睿光电材料有限公司 | 含吡咯基的化合物、高聚物、混合物、组合物及有机电子器件 |
CN113603665A (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-05 | 上海传勤新材料有限公司 | 一种含有二苯并杂环取代菲和蒽的有机电子材料及其应用 |
CN114573592A (zh) * | 2022-02-06 | 2022-06-03 | 上海传勤新材料有限公司 | 一种含有螺吲哚和芳香胺的化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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