CN106518108A - 一种合金钢用引流砂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种合金钢用引流砂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106518108A
CN106518108A CN201610914419.7A CN201610914419A CN106518108A CN 106518108 A CN106518108 A CN 106518108A CN 201610914419 A CN201610914419 A CN 201610914419A CN 106518108 A CN106518108 A CN 106518108A
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许斌
薛荣飞
宋豪
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Shenzhen Xinyuan Special Steel Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种合金钢用引流砂的制备方法,属于引流砂制备技术领域。本发明首先将过筛后的橄榄石废弃粉矿、无烟煤等物质进行混合球磨后,装入模具中进行压制,得到粗坯,再将其进行高温煅烧,得到各级粒度镁橄榄石砂,接着将其与炭黑、钾长石等物质进行混合,得到引流砂混合料,最后对其进行干燥、筛选,即可得到合金钢用引流砂。本发明制备的合金钢用引流砂耐火度达到1850℃以上,自动开浇成功率达到97~98%;原材料获取简易,成本低廉,可广泛应用于钢水浇铸中。

Description

一种合金钢用引流砂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合金钢用引流砂的制备方法,属于引流砂制备技术领域。
背景技术
引流砂的作用机理是,填充于钢包水口中的引流砂上表面在钢水的热作用下产生了较薄的烧结层,形成“壳体”,一旦滑板打开,水口内绝大多数未烧结的砂体自由下落,同时由钢水的静压力压破“壳体”,钢水自动流出。引流砂的质量主要取决于其材质、粒度、流动性能、烧结性能和热膨胀性能,引流砂的流动性越好,钢包的自开率越高;而对于引流砂的烧结性能,希望材料表层能够轻度烧结且具有一定强度,防止钢液的渗透,同时烧结层的强度不要太高,能够被钢水静压力破坏;引流砂的热膨胀率则希望小一些,因为大的胀率会导致引流砂的内应力较大,互相挤压而增加与水口内壁的附着力,不利于开浇时引流砂的自由下落,甚至出现严重的“架桥现象”。
硅质引流砂主要由石英砂和碱性长石制成,同时也添加了适量的碳黑等含碳物质和无机或有机结合剂。硅质引流砂的熔点较低,大约在1680~1700℃之间,在出钢温度更高和钢水传搁时间更长的钢包操作条件下,形成很厚的引流砂烧结层,钢包不易自动开浇。镁质引流砂主要由镁橄榄石和石英砂制成,同时还可以加入适量的镁砂、长石等。镁质引流砂耐火度不高,在出钢温度更高和钢水传搁时间更长的钢包操作条件下,形成很厚的引流砂烧结层,钢包不易自动开浇。锆质引流砂是以锆英石为主要原料,另外还可以添加适量的铬矿砂。锆质引流砂的熔点较高,在高温钢水的作用下不会过度烧结,在出钢温度更高和钢水传搁时间更长的钢包操作条件下,使用锆质引流砂的钢包自动开浇率较高。但是锆英石的价格很高,使用以锆英石作为原料的锆质引流砂的成本很贵,这就限制了钢厂使用锆质引流砂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对镁质引流砂耐火度不高,在出钢温度更高和钢水传搁时间更长的钢包操作条件下,钢包不易自动开浇的问题,本发明首先将过筛后的橄榄石废弃粉矿、无烟煤等物质进行混合球磨后,装入模具中进行压制,得到粗坯,再将其进行高温煅烧,得到各级粒度镁橄榄石砂,接着将其与炭黑、钾长石等物质进行混合,得到引流砂混合料,最后对其进行干燥、筛选,即可得到合金钢用引流砂。本发明制备合金钢用引流砂耐火度高,提高了其开浇率,可广泛应用于钢水浇铸中。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
(1)将橄榄石废弃粉矿加入粉碎机中粉碎,过325目筛,称取4.5~4.8kg过筛后的橄榄石废弃粉矿,3.0~3.6kg无烟煤和1.2~1.5kg轻烧镁粉QM-96混合后,装入球磨机中,以300~400r/min球磨30~50min,再加入150~250mL质量分数为1%亚硫酸溶液,继续球磨15~20min,随后出料,得混合物料;
(2)将上述混合物料装入模具中,在5~10MPa下压制5~8min,再转入烘箱中,在110~120℃下干燥20~24h,得粗坯,将粗坯置于高温煅烧炉中,在1350~1480℃下煅烧2~3h,随炉冷却至室温,出料并装入粉碎机中粉碎,随后转入振筛机中,分别筛选出粒径为0.85~1.70mm,0.425~0.850mm,0.250~0.425mm,0.15~0.25mm的粉末,得各级粒度镁橄榄石砂;
(3)按重量份数计,称取38~40份上述0.85~1.70mm镁橄榄石砂,20~21份0.425~0.850mm镁橄榄石砂,10.0~10.5份0.250~0.425mm镁橄榄石砂,10.0~12.5份0.15~0.25mm镁橄榄石砂,15~18份惰性氧化铝瓷球,0.8~1.2份炭黑,3~4份氧化钾含量为8~12%钾长石,装入混料机中混合1~2h,得引流砂混合料;
(4)将上述引流砂混合料置于旋转干燥炉中,在180~220℃下干燥20~30min,冷却至室温后出料,并装入振筛机中,筛选出粒径为0.15~1.50mm的物料,得合金钢用引流砂。
本发明制备的合金钢用引流砂耐火度达到1800~1850℃,自动开浇成功率达到97~98%,钢水传搁时间≥3h,自流值≥195mm。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明制备的合金钢用引流砂耐火度达到1800~1850℃,自动开浇成功率达到97~98%;
(2)本发明制备的合金钢用引流砂原材料获取简易,成本低廉,可广泛应用于钢水浇铸中。
具体实施方式
首先将橄榄石废弃粉矿加入粉碎机中粉碎,过325目筛,称取4.5~4.8kg过筛后的橄榄石废弃粉矿,3.0~3.6kg无烟煤和1.2~1.5kg轻烧镁粉QM-96混合后,装入球磨机中,以300~400r/min球磨30~50min,再加入150~250mL质量分数为1%亚硫酸溶液,继续球磨15~20min,随后出料,得混合物料;将上述混合物料装入模具中,在5~10MPa下压制5~8min,再转入烘箱中,在110~120℃下干燥20~24h,得粗坯,将粗坯置于高温煅烧炉中,在1350~1480℃下煅烧2~3h,随炉冷却至室温,出料并装入粉碎机中粉碎,随后转入振筛机中,分别筛选出粒径为0.85~1.70mm,0.425~0.850mm,0.250~0.425mm,0.15~0.25mm的粉末,得各级粒度镁橄榄石砂;按重量份数计,称取38~40份上述0.85~1.70mm镁橄榄石砂,20~21份0.425~0.850mm镁橄榄石砂,10.0~10.5份0.250~0.425mm镁橄榄石砂,10.0~12.5份0.15~0.25mm镁橄榄石砂,15~18份惰性氧化铝瓷球,0.8~1.2份炭黑,3~4份氧化钾含量为8~12%钾长石,装入混料机中混合1~2h,得引流砂混合料;最后将上述引流砂混合料置于旋转干燥炉中,在180~220℃下干燥20~30min,冷却至室温后出料,并装入振筛机中,筛选出粒径为0.15~1.50mm的物料,得合金钢用引流砂。
实例1
首先将橄榄石废弃粉矿加入粉碎机中粉碎,过325目筛,称取4.8kg过筛后的橄榄石废弃粉矿,3.6kg无烟煤和1.5kg轻烧镁粉QM-96混合后,装入球磨机中,以400r/min球磨50min,再加入250mL质量分数为1%亚硫酸溶液,继续球磨20min,随后出料,得混合物料;将上述混合物料装入模具中,在10MPa下压制8min,再转入烘箱中,在120℃下干燥24h,得粗坯,将粗坯置于高温煅烧炉中,在1480℃下煅烧3h,随炉冷却至室温,出料并装入粉碎机中粉碎,随后转入振筛机中,分别筛选出粒径为1.70mm,0.850mm,0.425mm,0.25mm的粉末,得各级粒度镁橄榄石砂;按重量份数计,称取40份上述1.70mm镁橄榄石砂,21份0.850mm镁橄榄石砂,10.5份0.425mm镁橄榄石砂,12.5份0.25mm镁橄榄石砂,18份惰性氧化铝瓷球,1.2份炭黑,4份氧化钾含量为12%钾长石,装入混料机中混合2h,得引流砂混合料;最后将上述引流砂混合料置于旋转干燥炉中,在220℃下干燥30min,冷却至室温后出料,并装入振筛机中,筛选出粒径为1.50mm的物料,得合金钢用引流砂。
经检测,本发明制备的合金钢用引流砂耐火度达到1800℃,自动开浇成功率达到97%,钢水传搁时间为3h,自流值为195mm。
实例2
首先将橄榄石废弃粉矿加入粉碎机中粉碎,过325目筛,称取4.5kg过筛后的橄榄石废弃粉矿,3.0kg无烟煤和1.2kg轻烧镁粉QM-96混合后,装入球磨机中,以300r/min球磨30min,再加入150mL质量分数为1%亚硫酸溶液,继续球磨15min,随后出料,得混合物料;将上述混合物料装入模具中,在5MPa下压制5min,再转入烘箱中,在110℃下干燥20h,得粗坯,将粗坯置于高温煅烧炉中,在1350℃下煅烧2h,随炉冷却至室温,出料并装入粉碎机中粉碎,随后转入振筛机中,分别筛选出粒径为0.85mm,0.425mm,0.250mm,0.15mm的粉末,得各级粒度镁橄榄石砂;按重量份数计,称取38份上述0.85mm镁橄榄石砂,20份0.425mm镁橄榄石砂,10.0份0.250mm镁橄榄石砂,10.0份0.15mm镁橄榄石砂,15份惰性氧化铝瓷球,0.8份炭黑,3份氧化钾含量为8%钾长石,装入混料机中混合1h,得引流砂混合料;最后将上述引流砂混合料置于旋转干燥炉中,在180℃下干燥20min,冷却至室温后出料,并装入振筛机中,筛选出粒径为0.150mm的物料,得合金钢用引流砂。
经检测,本发明制备的合金钢用引流砂耐火度达到1825℃,自动开浇成功率达到98%,钢水传搁时间为3.5h,自流值为198mm。
实例3
首先将橄榄石废弃粉矿加入粉碎机中粉碎,过325目筛,称取4.7kg过筛后的橄榄石废弃粉矿,3.5kg无烟煤和1.3kg轻烧镁粉QM-96混合后,装入球磨机中,以350r/min球磨40min,再加入200mL质量分数为1%亚硫酸溶液,继续球磨17min,随后出料,得混合物料;将上述混合物料装入模具中,在7MPa下压制7min,再转入烘箱中,在115℃下干燥22h,得粗坯,将粗坯置于高温煅烧炉中,在1440℃下煅烧3h,随炉冷却至室温,出料并装入粉碎机中粉碎,随后转入振筛机中,分别筛选出粒径为1.2mm,0.521mm,0.321mm,0.24mm的粉末,得各级粒度镁橄榄石砂;按重量份数计,称取38份上述1.2mm镁橄榄石砂,20份0.521mm镁橄榄石砂,10.2份0.321mm镁橄榄石砂,11.2份0.24mm镁橄榄石砂,17份惰性氧化铝瓷球,1.1份炭黑,3份氧化钾含量为10%钾长石,装入混料机中混合2h,得引流砂混合料;最后将上述引流砂混合料置于旋转干燥炉中,在200℃下干燥25min,冷却至室温后出料,并装入振筛机中,筛选出粒径为1.20mm的物料,得合金钢用引流砂。
经检测,本发明制备的合金钢用引流砂耐火度达到1850℃以上,自动开浇成功率达到97%,钢水传搁时间为3h,自流值为200mm。

Claims (1)

1.一种合金钢用引流砂的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)将橄榄石废弃粉矿加入粉碎机中粉碎,过325目筛,称取4.5~4.8kg过筛后的橄榄石废弃粉矿,3.0~3.6kg无烟煤和1.2~1.5kg轻烧镁粉QM-96混合后,装入球磨机中,以300~400r/min球磨30~50min,再加入150~250mL质量分数为1%亚硫酸溶液,继续球磨15~20min,随后出料,得混合物料;
(2)将上述混合物料装入模具中,在5~10MPa下压制5~8min,再转入烘箱中,在110~120℃下干燥20~24h,得粗坯,将粗坯置于高温煅烧炉中,在1350~1480℃下煅烧2~3h,随炉冷却至室温,出料并装入粉碎机中粉碎,随后转入振筛机中,分别筛选出粒径为0.85~1.70mm,0.425~0.850mm,0.250~0.425mm,0.15~0.25mm的粉末,得各级粒度镁橄榄石砂;
(3)按重量份数计,称取38~40份上述0.85~1.70mm镁橄榄石砂,20~21份0.425~0.850mm镁橄榄石砂,10.0~10.5份0.250~0.425mm镁橄榄石砂,10.0~12.5份0.15~0.25mm镁橄榄石砂,15~18份惰性氧化铝瓷球,0.8~1.2份炭黑,3~4份氧化钾含量为8~12%钾长石,装入混料机中混合1~2h,得引流砂混合料;
(4)将上述引流砂混合料置于旋转干燥炉中,在180~220℃下干燥20~30min,冷却至室温后出料,并装入振筛机中,筛选出粒径为0.15~1.50mm的物料,得合金钢用引流砂。
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