CN106517192B - The system and method for preparing active carbon using coal - Google Patents

The system and method for preparing active carbon using coal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106517192B
CN106517192B CN201611120104.1A CN201611120104A CN106517192B CN 106517192 B CN106517192 B CN 106517192B CN 201611120104 A CN201611120104 A CN 201611120104A CN 106517192 B CN106517192 B CN 106517192B
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pyrolysis
entrance
carbon dioxide
outlet
combustion product
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CN106517192A (en
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吴小飞
巴玉鑫
肖磊
王惠惠
房凯
牛明杰
宋敏洁
吴道洪
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Shenwu Technology Group Corp Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of system and method for preparing active carbon using coal.The system includes: pyrolysis oven comprising feed inlet, solid material outlet are used for pyrolysis feed coal, generate carbon residue;There is burner fuel gas inlet and combustion product gases to export, and for heating to feed coal, generate combustion product gases;Purification separation device, with combustion product gases entrance and carbon dioxide outlet, combustion product gases entrance and combustion product gases outlet are connected, and for being purified to combustion product gases, separating treatment, obtain carbon dioxide;Fluidized bed, it has expects entrance, activator entrance, waste gas outlet and active carbon outlet admittedly, connects admittedly the solid material of material entrance and pyrolysis oven exports, the activator entrance is connected with the carbon dioxide outlet of the purification separation device, for activating to the carbon residue, active carbon is generated.The present invention reduces heat loss, reduces energy consumption, and improve pyrolysis oven production capacity without being transformed to existing fluidized bed.

Description

The system and method for preparing active carbon using coal
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field ranges of pyrolytic gasification technology production active carbon, specifically, the present invention relates to one The system and method that kind prepares active carbon, it is especially a kind of suitable using coal as raw material, be by what pyrolytic gasification prepared active carbon System and method.
Background technique
Active carbon is a kind of very extensive in water treatment, air cleaning, solvent recovery and other industrial department purposes Permeability carbon adsorbent, application especially in the treatment of waste water accelerate its development, and estimation world's gross annual output amount has reached 50-60 Ten thousand tons, the yield of nineteen eighty-three China's active carbon has reached 3.5 ten thousand tons, a kind more than 80.
But production technology, the production equipment of active carbon are also very backward at present, most domestic coaly activated carbon is looked forward at present The production technology of industry is relatively backward, is mainly produced by single grade coal, and product quality is to feed coal by serious.Production is set Standby production capacity is generally smaller, and the degree of automation is lower, is unfavorable for extensive, continuous production.Simultaneously as active carbon is raw Production is relatively high to ingredient requirement, and only a small number of coals can fully meet production requirement at present, therefore, with coal in China industry It rectifies, the raising of coal resources centralization degree, Activated Carbon Production will gradually be transferred to a small number of large-scale Activated Carbon Production enterprises, Active carbon scope of the enterprise expands, but manufacturing enterprise will be greatly reduced, to change the unordered situation of this market competition at present.
Currently, research uses new grinding technique combination chemical washing method both at home and abroad, the cleaned coal that ash content is 1% can get, But the cost is relatively high, loses more than gain.
Therefore, it is necessary to which the production technology to active carbon is studied, its, life low to ingredient requirement height, productivity is solved Produce problem at high cost.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problems, such as that the production technology of above-mentioned active carbon, production equipment fall behind, while improving the production effect of active carbon Rate, reduces production cost, and the present invention provides one kind and is suitble to prepare system and the side of active carbon by pyrolytic gasification using coal as raw material Method.
The present invention provides a kind of system for preparing active carbon using coal, the system comprises:
Pyrolysis oven comprising feed inlet, multiple pyrolysis oil gas vents expect outlet, reaction chamber admittedly and be located at the reaction chamber The rotatable of bottom holds disk, and the pyrolysis oven is used for pyrolysis feed coal, generates carbon residue;
Burner, is located at the top and/or lower part of the reaction chamber, and the burner has fuel gas inlet and burning cigarette Gas outlet, the burner generate combustion product gases for heating to the feed coal;
Purification separation device, with combustion product gases entrance and carbon dioxide outlet, the combustion product gases entrance with it is described The combustion product gases of burner export connection, the purification separation device for being purified to the combustion product gases, separating treatment, Obtain carbon dioxide;
Fluidized bed, have admittedly expect entrance, activator entrance, waste gas outlet and active carbon outlet, it is described admittedly material entrance with The solid material of the pyrolysis oven exports connection, and the activator entrance is connected with the carbon dioxide outlet of the purification separation device, The fluidized bed generates active carbon for activating to the carbon residue.
Further, the system also includes pyrolysis oil gas reception device, there is pyrolysis oil gas entrance and pyrolysis gas to go out Mouthful, the pyrolysis oil gas entrance is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas vent of the pyrolysis oven, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the burner Fuel gas inlet be connected, the pyrolysis oil gas reception device is used to that the pyrolysis gas after heat preservation to be passed through in the burner and fired It burns.
Further, the system also includes heaters, export with carbon dioxide entrance and activator, described two Carbonoxide entrance is connected with the carbon dioxide outlet of the purification separation device, the work of the activator outlet and the fluidized bed The connection of agent entrance, the heater is for heating the carbon dioxide.
Specifically, the heater is storage heater.
More specifically, the pyrolysis oven has water seal arrangement, the feed inlet of the pyrolysis oven has two-stage valve or spiral Sealing device.
Further, the system also includes pretreatment units, are connected with the feed inlet of the pyrolysis oven, the pre- place Reason device is used to carry out the feed coal broken pretreatment.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing active carbon using above system, this method is had follow steps:
Feed coal is sent into the pyrolysis oven, the burner heats the feed coal, generates combustion product gases, former Expect pyrolysis of coal, generates pyrolysis oil gas and carbon residue;
Purification separation processing is carried out to the combustion product gases with the purification separation device, obtains carbon dioxide;
The carbon residue and carbon dioxide are respectively fed to the fluidized bed, the carbon residue is carried out using the carbon dioxide Activation generates active carbon.
Further, the method also includes following steps:
The pyrolysis oil gas is passed through the pyrolysis oil gas reception device, the pyrolysis oil gas reception device is to the pyrolysis Gas is kept the temperature, then the pyrolysis gas is passed through in the burner and is burnt.
Further, the method also includes following steps:
The carbon dioxide is passed through the heater, the heater heats the carbon dioxide, then again It is passed through the fluidized bed.
Still further, the method also includes following steps:
The feed coal is pre-processed, the feed coal of sheet, bulk and/or powdery is obtained.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The system and method for the present invention for preparing active carbon can be solved without being transformed to existing fluidized bed It certainly prepares the line clogging occurred in active carbon leading portion pyrolytic process, dust weight, be pyrolyzed the problems such as effect is poor, and solve heat Solution device and when preparing activated-carbon device and being used in conjunction simultaneously, energy consumption height, prepares the inferior problem of active carbon at serious heat loss.
When the present invention uses particle heat carrier, when being able to solve pyrolysis in the easy coking of particle surface, particle separation it is difficult, Grain transmits the problems such as difficult between bed.
The method that the present invention prepares active carbon using material reduces inorganic matter in pyrolytic process and takes away amount of heat, reduces Heat loss and reduction energy consumption, and pyrolysis oven production capacity is improved, realize the abundant pyrolysis of raw material, entire simple process is easy to operate, can Ensure the stability operated.
The present invention realizes the minimizing of material, innoxious and resource utilization.
Tar content in pyrolytic carbon can also be effectively reduced in the present invention, so that being conducive to subsequent fluidized bed prepares active carbon Operation, while waste heat that can effectively in recovery system, to realize maximally utilizing for waste heat.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the simplified schematic diagram of system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the overall schematic of system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram of the method for the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, a specific embodiment of the invention is described in more details, so as to energy The advantages of enough more fully understanding the solution of the present invention and its various aspects.However, specific embodiments described below and implementation Example is for illustrative purposes only, rather than limiting the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, system of the present invention includes pyrolysis oven 100 comprising feed inlet 101, pyrolysis oil gas vent 102, solid material outlet 105, while pyrolysis oven 100 also has reaction chamber and is located at the rotatable of reaction chamber bottom and holds disk, The pyrolysis oven 100 is used for pyrolysis feed coal, generates carbon residue.Pyrolysis oven 100 of the present invention will also have water seal arrangement, especially It is that the feed inlet 101 of the pyrolysis oven 100 has two-stage valve or spiral sealing device.Setting may make the pyrolysis in this way Furnace is in the environment of anoxybiotic, and the pernicious gases such as dioxin are generated when raw material can be inhibited to be pyrolyzed.
As shown in Figure 1, burner 500, is set in pyrolysis oven 100, the reaction chamber top and/or Lower part, the burner have fuel gas inlet 501 and combustion product gases outlet 502, and the burner 500 is used for the feed coal It is heated, generates combustion product gases.
Burner 500 is internally heated to pyrolysis oven 100, reaches the temperature of raw material pyrolysis of coal, thus to original Material coal is pyrolyzed, and carbon residue is generated.Burner 500 in combustion, can generate a large amount of combustion product gases, and raw material pyrolysis of coal When can generate a large amount of pyrolysis oil gas.Furthermore it is preferred that by the atmosphere of the atmosphere of 100 reaction chamber of pyrolysis oven and burner 500 every From both making to be independent of each other, to realize that material pyrolysis carries out under anoxybiotic atmosphere, it is ensured that pyrolysis gas heat with higher Value, while effectively inhibiting the generation of dioxin.
The horizontally spaced distribution in pyrolysis oven 100 of burner 500, and accumulation of heat can be used in every group of burner 500 Formula radiant tube, can independent control operation, the advantages of this arrangement are as follows can be by adjusting the combustion gas for being passed through heat accumulation type radiant tube Flow realize the accurate temperature controlling to pyrolytic process, and heat accumulation type radiant tube can by both ends realize quick commutation and Heat storage type combustion, it is ensured that the uniformity in temperature field in pyrolysis oven 100, so as to significantly improve material pyrolysis efficiency, together When more traditional using gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis heat source, heat of the invention Solution furnace 100 does not need setting preheating unit and carrier separative unit, can greatly simplify pyrolysis and priming reaction process flow, from And significantly reduce the failure rate of device.
As shown in Figure 1, purification separation device 600, described with combustion product gases entrance 601 and carbon dioxide outlet 602 The combustion product gases outlet 502 of combustion product gases entrance 601 and the burner 500 connect, and the purification separation device 600 is used for pair The combustion product gases are purified, separating treatment, obtain carbon dioxide.Purification separation device 600 first carries out combustion product gases net Change, purified flue gas carries out the separation of carbon dioxide and other gases (mainly containing nitrogen) again, obtains purity 95% or more Carbon dioxide gas.
Combustion product gases are passed through the reason of purification separation device 600 carries out purification separation and are that carbon dioxide can be used as making The activator of standby active carbon, the carbon dioxide of purification separation are most important for being subsequently generated active carbon.Although carbon dioxide can It is obtained by other modes, but the utilization again of resource may be implemented by purification separation combustion product gases in the present invention, improves the energy Utilization rate also reduces the discharge of carbon dioxide, plays the role of protecting environment.
Fluidized bed 200 has and expects entrance 202, activator entrance 201, waste gas outlet 203 and active carbon outlet 204 admittedly, Admittedly the material entrance 202 is connect with the solid material of the pyrolysis oven 100 outlet 105, the activator entrance 201 and the purification point Carbon dioxide outlet 602 from device 600 is connected, and the fluidized bed 200 generates activity for activating to the carbon residue Charcoal.Wherein, active carbon is made with the reverse haptoreaction of activator in fluidized bed 200 in carbon residue.Active carbon can be exported from active carbon 204 export, the exhaust gas that activation process generates are discharged from waste gas outlet 203.
As shown in Fig. 2, system of the present invention further includes pyrolysis oil gas reception device 400, there is pyrolysis oil gas entrance 401 and pyrolysis gas outlet 402, the pyrolysis oil gas entrance 401 be connected with the pyrolysis oil gas vent 102 of the pyrolysis oven 100, institute It states pyrolysis gas outlet 402 to be connected with the fuel gas inlet 501 of the burner 500, the pyrolysis oil gas reception device 400 is used for will Pyrolysis gas after heat preservation, which is passed through in the burner 500, to burn.
The present invention may also include air accumulator, be set between pyrolysis oil gas reception device 400 and burner 500, for storing up Pyrolysis gas is deposited, while achieving the purpose that buffering.
400 one side of pyrolysis oil gas reception device plays the role of separation pyrolyzing oil gas, obtains pyrolysis gas, another party Face pyrolysis oil gas can also keep the temperature pyrolysis gas, and be passed through burner 500.Burner 500 is using in pyrolytic reaction product Pyrolysis gas burns, and recycling energy significantly improves capacity usage ratio.
As shown in Fig. 2, exported the system also includes heater 700 with carbon dioxide entrance and activator, it is described Carbon dioxide entrance is connected with the carbon dioxide outlet 602 of the purification separation device 600, the activator outlet and the stream The activator entrance 201 for changing bed 200 connects, and the heater 700 is for heating the carbon dioxide.Heater 700 Storage heater can be used, operating cost is low, energy saving.
By the heating to carbon dioxide, its activity function on the one hand can be improved, on the other hand by carbon dioxide gas body temperature Degree is increased to 600-950 DEG C, reaches fluidized bed 200 and activates required reaction temperature, and then improves fluidized bed 200 and prepare active carbon system Standby efficiency.
As shown in Fig. 2, the system also includes pretreatment unit 300, material outlet 303 and the pyrolysis oven 100 Feed inlet 101 is connected, and the pretreatment unit 300 is used to carry out the feed coal broken pretreatment.Pretreatment unit 300 can It including rotary screen 301 and/or crusher 302 etc., is pre-processed by the raw material to feeding, slag in wherein inorganic matter can be reduced The content of soil, glass and metal etc., to reduce heat and provide the quality of carbon residue that inorganic matter in pyrolytic process is taken away.
As shown in figure 3, the present invention pre-processes the feed coal by pretreatment unit 300, sheet, bulk are obtained And/or the feed coal of powdery.Feed coal can be generally broken for the coal grain that partial size is less than 20mm, help sufficiently to be pyrolyzed.
Broken feed coal is sent into the pyrolysis oven 100, the burner 500 heats the feed coal, Combustion product gases are generated, raw material pyrolysis of coal generates pyrolysis oil gas and carbon residue.Feed coal needs uniform distribution in pyrolysis oven 100, raw material Thickness is not more than 100mm, and the temperature being usually pyrolyzed is 580 DEG C -620 DEG C,
The pyrolysis oil gas is passed through the pyrolysis oil gas reception device 400, described 400 pairs of institutes of pyrolysis oil gas reception device It states pyrolysis gas to be kept the temperature, then the pyrolysis gas is passed through in the burner 500 and is burnt.By 100 reaction chamber of pyrolysis oven Atmosphere and burner 500 gas isolating, both make to be independent of each other, to realize that material pyrolysis carries out under anoxybiotic atmosphere, Ensure pyrolysis gas calorific value with higher.
Purification separation processing is carried out to the combustion product gases with the purification separation device 600, obtains carbon dioxide.Purification Separator 600 first purifies combustion product gases, and purified flue gas carries out carbon dioxide again and other gases are (main nitrogenous Gas) separation, obtain carbon dioxide gas of the purity 95% or more.
The carbon dioxide is passed through the heater 700, the heater 700 heats the carbon dioxide, Then it is passed through the fluidized bed 200 again.By the heating to carbon dioxide, its activity function on the one hand can be improved, on the other hand Carbon dioxide gas temperature is increased to 600-950 DEG C, reaches fluidized bed 200 and activates required reaction temperature, and then improve fluidisation Bed 200 prepares the efficiency of active carbon preparation.
The carbon residue and carbon dioxide are respectively fed to the fluidized bed 200, fluidized-bed reaction temperature controls on 850 DEG C of left sides The right side activates the carbon residue using the carbon dioxide, generates active carbon.Carbon residue is inverse with activator in fluidized bed 200 To haptoreaction, active carbon is made.
Embodiment 1
Using Inner Mongol Hongkong dollar area coal as raw material, active carbon is carried out using preparation activated carbon system of the present invention and method Preparation:
About 50 tons of feed coals are subjected to break process, obtain partial size 20mm coal grain below;
Broken coal grain is sent into pyrolysis oven to be pyrolyzed, coal grain uniform distribution is on drapery panel, thickness of feed layer 80mm. Burner is provided in the pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis obtains carbon residue and pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis carbon residue of generation is sent into fluidized bed;
The high temperature pyrolysis gas that pyrolysis generates is sent into burner and is burnt, normal temperature air temperature can be increased to 350-400 DEG C, while the flue-gas temperature for generation of burning can be down to 110 DEG C or so;
Will burner combustion flue gas be sent into purification separation device in, flue gas is purified, carry out again carbon dioxide and The separation of other gases (mainly containing nitrogen), obtains carbon dioxide gas of the purity 95% or so.By isolated dioxy Change carbon gas, which is passed through in heater, to be heated, and the carbon dioxide gas temperature after heating is 830 DEG C or so, is sent into fluidized bed In;
Fluidized-bed reaction temperature is controlled at 850 DEG C or so, and above-mentioned carbon dioxide is inversely contacted instead with carbon residue in fluidized bed It answers, active carbon is made.
Process of the present invention can be operated stably for a long period of time, and the yield of active product char is made in obtained above-mentioned material 1 is shown in Table with main character.
1 data result of table
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described in attached drawing is only to illustrate the present invention rather than limits this The range of invention, those skilled in the art should understand that, it is right under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention The modification or equivalent replacement that the present invention carries out, should all cover within the scope of the present invention.In addition, signified unless the context Outside, the word occurred in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.In addition, unless stated otherwise, then any embodiment All or part of in combination with any other embodiment all or part of come using.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of system for preparing active carbon using coal, which is characterized in that the system comprises:
Pyrolysis oven comprising feed inlet, multiple pyrolysis oil gas vents expect outlet, reaction chamber admittedly and be located at the reaction chamber bottom Rotatable hold disk;
Burner, is located at the top and/or lower part of the reaction chamber, and there is the burner fuel gas inlet and combustion product gases to go out Mouthful;
Purification separation device, with combustion product gases entrance and carbon dioxide outlet, the combustion product gases entrance and the burning The combustion product gases of device export connection;
Fluidized bed has and expects entrance and activator entrance admittedly, and the solid material of material entrance and the pyrolysis oven admittedly, which exports, to be connected, The activator entrance is connected with the carbon dioxide outlet of the purification separation device.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the system also includes pyrolysis oil gas reception device, the heat Solving oil gas reception device has pyrolysis oil gas entrance and pyrolysis gas outlet, the pyrolysis of pyrolysis the oil gas entrance and the pyrolysis oven Oil gas vent is connected, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the burner.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the system also includes heaters, enter with carbon dioxide Mouth and activator outlet, the carbon dioxide entrance are connected with the carbon dioxide outlet of the purification separation device, the activation Agent outlet is connect with the activator entrance of the fluidized bed.
4. system as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the heater is storage heater.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pyrolysis oven have water seal arrangement, the pyrolysis oven into Material mouth has two-stage valve or spiral sealing device.
6. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the system also includes pretreatment units, with the pyrolysis The feed inlet of furnace is connected, and the pretreatment unit is used to carry out the feed coal broken pretreatment.
7. a kind of method for preparing active carbon with any system of claim 1-6, which is characterized in that this method have with Lower step:
Feed coal is sent into the pyrolysis oven, the burner carries out heating pyrolysis to the feed coal, generates combustion product gases, heat Solve oil gas and carbon residue;
Purification separation processing is carried out to the combustion product gases with the purification separation device, obtains carbon dioxide;
The carbon residue and carbon dioxide are respectively fed to the fluidized bed, lived using the carbon dioxide to the carbon residue Change, generates active carbon.
8. the method for claim 7, which is characterized in that the method also includes following steps:
The pyrolysis oil gas is passed through the pyrolysis oil gas reception device, the pyrolysis oil gas reception device to the pyrolysis gas into Row heat preservation, then the pyrolysis gas is passed through in the burner and is burnt.
9. the method for claim 7, which is characterized in that the method also includes following steps:
The carbon dioxide is passed through the heater, the heater heats the carbon dioxide, is then passed through again The fluidized bed.
10. the method for claim 7, which is characterized in that the method also includes following steps:
The feed coal is pre-processed, the feed coal of sheet, bulk and/or powdery is obtained.
CN201611120104.1A 2016-12-08 2016-12-08 The system and method for preparing active carbon using coal Expired - Fee Related CN106517192B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112850709B (en) * 2021-01-22 2022-06-14 成都达奇能自科技有限公司 Activated carbon activation system and activation method

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CN104560074A (en) * 2013-10-22 2015-04-29 中国石油化工股份有限公司 System for preparing bio-oil and activated carbon by microwave pyrolysis
CN106006635A (en) * 2016-05-18 2016-10-12 天津科技大学 Method for preparing activated carbon with high specific surface area through rapid activation under fluidization
CN206278917U (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-06-27 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 The system that activated carbon is prepared using coal

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CN104560074A (en) * 2013-10-22 2015-04-29 中国石油化工股份有限公司 System for preparing bio-oil and activated carbon by microwave pyrolysis
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