The system and method for preparing active carbon using coal
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field ranges of pyrolytic gasification technology production active carbon, specifically, the present invention relates to one
The system and method that kind prepares active carbon, it is especially a kind of suitable using coal as raw material, be by what pyrolytic gasification prepared active carbon
System and method.
Background technique
Active carbon is a kind of very extensive in water treatment, air cleaning, solvent recovery and other industrial department purposes
Permeability carbon adsorbent, application especially in the treatment of waste water accelerate its development, and estimation world's gross annual output amount has reached 50-60
Ten thousand tons, the yield of nineteen eighty-three China's active carbon has reached 3.5 ten thousand tons, a kind more than 80.
But production technology, the production equipment of active carbon are also very backward at present, most domestic coaly activated carbon is looked forward at present
The production technology of industry is relatively backward, is mainly produced by single grade coal, and product quality is to feed coal by serious.Production is set
Standby production capacity is generally smaller, and the degree of automation is lower, is unfavorable for extensive, continuous production.Simultaneously as active carbon is raw
Production is relatively high to ingredient requirement, and only a small number of coals can fully meet production requirement at present, therefore, with coal in China industry
It rectifies, the raising of coal resources centralization degree, Activated Carbon Production will gradually be transferred to a small number of large-scale Activated Carbon Production enterprises,
Active carbon scope of the enterprise expands, but manufacturing enterprise will be greatly reduced, to change the unordered situation of this market competition at present.
Currently, research uses new grinding technique combination chemical washing method both at home and abroad, the cleaned coal that ash content is 1% can get,
But the cost is relatively high, loses more than gain.
Therefore, it is necessary to which the production technology to active carbon is studied, its, life low to ingredient requirement height, productivity is solved
Produce problem at high cost.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problems, such as that the production technology of above-mentioned active carbon, production equipment fall behind, while improving the production effect of active carbon
Rate, reduces production cost, and the present invention provides one kind and is suitble to prepare system and the side of active carbon by pyrolytic gasification using coal as raw material
Method.
The present invention provides a kind of system for preparing active carbon using coal, the system comprises:
Pyrolysis oven comprising feed inlet, multiple pyrolysis oil gas vents expect outlet, reaction chamber admittedly and be located at the reaction chamber
The rotatable of bottom holds disk, and the pyrolysis oven is used for pyrolysis feed coal, generates carbon residue;
Burner, is located at the top and/or lower part of the reaction chamber, and the burner has fuel gas inlet and burning cigarette
Gas outlet, the burner generate combustion product gases for heating to the feed coal;
Purification separation device, with combustion product gases entrance and carbon dioxide outlet, the combustion product gases entrance with it is described
The combustion product gases of burner export connection, the purification separation device for being purified to the combustion product gases, separating treatment,
Obtain carbon dioxide;
Fluidized bed, have admittedly expect entrance, activator entrance, waste gas outlet and active carbon outlet, it is described admittedly material entrance with
The solid material of the pyrolysis oven exports connection, and the activator entrance is connected with the carbon dioxide outlet of the purification separation device,
The fluidized bed generates active carbon for activating to the carbon residue.
Further, the system also includes pyrolysis oil gas reception device, there is pyrolysis oil gas entrance and pyrolysis gas to go out
Mouthful, the pyrolysis oil gas entrance is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas vent of the pyrolysis oven, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the burner
Fuel gas inlet be connected, the pyrolysis oil gas reception device is used to that the pyrolysis gas after heat preservation to be passed through in the burner and fired
It burns.
Further, the system also includes heaters, export with carbon dioxide entrance and activator, described two
Carbonoxide entrance is connected with the carbon dioxide outlet of the purification separation device, the work of the activator outlet and the fluidized bed
The connection of agent entrance, the heater is for heating the carbon dioxide.
Specifically, the heater is storage heater.
More specifically, the pyrolysis oven has water seal arrangement, the feed inlet of the pyrolysis oven has two-stage valve or spiral
Sealing device.
Further, the system also includes pretreatment units, are connected with the feed inlet of the pyrolysis oven, the pre- place
Reason device is used to carry out the feed coal broken pretreatment.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing active carbon using above system, this method is had follow steps:
Feed coal is sent into the pyrolysis oven, the burner heats the feed coal, generates combustion product gases, former
Expect pyrolysis of coal, generates pyrolysis oil gas and carbon residue;
Purification separation processing is carried out to the combustion product gases with the purification separation device, obtains carbon dioxide;
The carbon residue and carbon dioxide are respectively fed to the fluidized bed, the carbon residue is carried out using the carbon dioxide
Activation generates active carbon.
Further, the method also includes following steps:
The pyrolysis oil gas is passed through the pyrolysis oil gas reception device, the pyrolysis oil gas reception device is to the pyrolysis
Gas is kept the temperature, then the pyrolysis gas is passed through in the burner and is burnt.
Further, the method also includes following steps:
The carbon dioxide is passed through the heater, the heater heats the carbon dioxide, then again
It is passed through the fluidized bed.
Still further, the method also includes following steps:
The feed coal is pre-processed, the feed coal of sheet, bulk and/or powdery is obtained.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The system and method for the present invention for preparing active carbon can be solved without being transformed to existing fluidized bed
It certainly prepares the line clogging occurred in active carbon leading portion pyrolytic process, dust weight, be pyrolyzed the problems such as effect is poor, and solve heat
Solution device and when preparing activated-carbon device and being used in conjunction simultaneously, energy consumption height, prepares the inferior problem of active carbon at serious heat loss.
When the present invention uses particle heat carrier, when being able to solve pyrolysis in the easy coking of particle surface, particle separation it is difficult,
Grain transmits the problems such as difficult between bed.
The method that the present invention prepares active carbon using material reduces inorganic matter in pyrolytic process and takes away amount of heat, reduces
Heat loss and reduction energy consumption, and pyrolysis oven production capacity is improved, realize the abundant pyrolysis of raw material, entire simple process is easy to operate, can
Ensure the stability operated.
The present invention realizes the minimizing of material, innoxious and resource utilization.
Tar content in pyrolytic carbon can also be effectively reduced in the present invention, so that being conducive to subsequent fluidized bed prepares active carbon
Operation, while waste heat that can effectively in recovery system, to realize maximally utilizing for waste heat.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the simplified schematic diagram of system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the overall schematic of system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram of the method for the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, a specific embodiment of the invention is described in more details, so as to energy
The advantages of enough more fully understanding the solution of the present invention and its various aspects.However, specific embodiments described below and implementation
Example is for illustrative purposes only, rather than limiting the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, system of the present invention includes pyrolysis oven 100 comprising feed inlet 101, pyrolysis oil gas vent
102, solid material outlet 105, while pyrolysis oven 100 also has reaction chamber and is located at the rotatable of reaction chamber bottom and holds disk,
The pyrolysis oven 100 is used for pyrolysis feed coal, generates carbon residue.Pyrolysis oven 100 of the present invention will also have water seal arrangement, especially
It is that the feed inlet 101 of the pyrolysis oven 100 has two-stage valve or spiral sealing device.Setting may make the pyrolysis in this way
Furnace is in the environment of anoxybiotic, and the pernicious gases such as dioxin are generated when raw material can be inhibited to be pyrolyzed.
As shown in Figure 1, burner 500, is set in pyrolysis oven 100, the reaction chamber top and/or
Lower part, the burner have fuel gas inlet 501 and combustion product gases outlet 502, and the burner 500 is used for the feed coal
It is heated, generates combustion product gases.
Burner 500 is internally heated to pyrolysis oven 100, reaches the temperature of raw material pyrolysis of coal, thus to original
Material coal is pyrolyzed, and carbon residue is generated.Burner 500 in combustion, can generate a large amount of combustion product gases, and raw material pyrolysis of coal
When can generate a large amount of pyrolysis oil gas.Furthermore it is preferred that by the atmosphere of the atmosphere of 100 reaction chamber of pyrolysis oven and burner 500 every
From both making to be independent of each other, to realize that material pyrolysis carries out under anoxybiotic atmosphere, it is ensured that pyrolysis gas heat with higher
Value, while effectively inhibiting the generation of dioxin.
The horizontally spaced distribution in pyrolysis oven 100 of burner 500, and accumulation of heat can be used in every group of burner 500
Formula radiant tube, can independent control operation, the advantages of this arrangement are as follows can be by adjusting the combustion gas for being passed through heat accumulation type radiant tube
Flow realize the accurate temperature controlling to pyrolytic process, and heat accumulation type radiant tube can by both ends realize quick commutation and
Heat storage type combustion, it is ensured that the uniformity in temperature field in pyrolysis oven 100, so as to significantly improve material pyrolysis efficiency, together
When more traditional using gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis heat source, heat of the invention
Solution furnace 100 does not need setting preheating unit and carrier separative unit, can greatly simplify pyrolysis and priming reaction process flow, from
And significantly reduce the failure rate of device.
As shown in Figure 1, purification separation device 600, described with combustion product gases entrance 601 and carbon dioxide outlet 602
The combustion product gases outlet 502 of combustion product gases entrance 601 and the burner 500 connect, and the purification separation device 600 is used for pair
The combustion product gases are purified, separating treatment, obtain carbon dioxide.Purification separation device 600 first carries out combustion product gases net
Change, purified flue gas carries out the separation of carbon dioxide and other gases (mainly containing nitrogen) again, obtains purity 95% or more
Carbon dioxide gas.
Combustion product gases are passed through the reason of purification separation device 600 carries out purification separation and are that carbon dioxide can be used as making
The activator of standby active carbon, the carbon dioxide of purification separation are most important for being subsequently generated active carbon.Although carbon dioxide can
It is obtained by other modes, but the utilization again of resource may be implemented by purification separation combustion product gases in the present invention, improves the energy
Utilization rate also reduces the discharge of carbon dioxide, plays the role of protecting environment.
Fluidized bed 200 has and expects entrance 202, activator entrance 201, waste gas outlet 203 and active carbon outlet 204 admittedly,
Admittedly the material entrance 202 is connect with the solid material of the pyrolysis oven 100 outlet 105, the activator entrance 201 and the purification point
Carbon dioxide outlet 602 from device 600 is connected, and the fluidized bed 200 generates activity for activating to the carbon residue
Charcoal.Wherein, active carbon is made with the reverse haptoreaction of activator in fluidized bed 200 in carbon residue.Active carbon can be exported from active carbon
204 export, the exhaust gas that activation process generates are discharged from waste gas outlet 203.
As shown in Fig. 2, system of the present invention further includes pyrolysis oil gas reception device 400, there is pyrolysis oil gas entrance
401 and pyrolysis gas outlet 402, the pyrolysis oil gas entrance 401 be connected with the pyrolysis oil gas vent 102 of the pyrolysis oven 100, institute
It states pyrolysis gas outlet 402 to be connected with the fuel gas inlet 501 of the burner 500, the pyrolysis oil gas reception device 400 is used for will
Pyrolysis gas after heat preservation, which is passed through in the burner 500, to burn.
The present invention may also include air accumulator, be set between pyrolysis oil gas reception device 400 and burner 500, for storing up
Pyrolysis gas is deposited, while achieving the purpose that buffering.
400 one side of pyrolysis oil gas reception device plays the role of separation pyrolyzing oil gas, obtains pyrolysis gas, another party
Face pyrolysis oil gas can also keep the temperature pyrolysis gas, and be passed through burner 500.Burner 500 is using in pyrolytic reaction product
Pyrolysis gas burns, and recycling energy significantly improves capacity usage ratio.
As shown in Fig. 2, exported the system also includes heater 700 with carbon dioxide entrance and activator, it is described
Carbon dioxide entrance is connected with the carbon dioxide outlet 602 of the purification separation device 600, the activator outlet and the stream
The activator entrance 201 for changing bed 200 connects, and the heater 700 is for heating the carbon dioxide.Heater 700
Storage heater can be used, operating cost is low, energy saving.
By the heating to carbon dioxide, its activity function on the one hand can be improved, on the other hand by carbon dioxide gas body temperature
Degree is increased to 600-950 DEG C, reaches fluidized bed 200 and activates required reaction temperature, and then improves fluidized bed 200 and prepare active carbon system
Standby efficiency.
As shown in Fig. 2, the system also includes pretreatment unit 300, material outlet 303 and the pyrolysis oven 100
Feed inlet 101 is connected, and the pretreatment unit 300 is used to carry out the feed coal broken pretreatment.Pretreatment unit 300 can
It including rotary screen 301 and/or crusher 302 etc., is pre-processed by the raw material to feeding, slag in wherein inorganic matter can be reduced
The content of soil, glass and metal etc., to reduce heat and provide the quality of carbon residue that inorganic matter in pyrolytic process is taken away.
As shown in figure 3, the present invention pre-processes the feed coal by pretreatment unit 300, sheet, bulk are obtained
And/or the feed coal of powdery.Feed coal can be generally broken for the coal grain that partial size is less than 20mm, help sufficiently to be pyrolyzed.
Broken feed coal is sent into the pyrolysis oven 100, the burner 500 heats the feed coal,
Combustion product gases are generated, raw material pyrolysis of coal generates pyrolysis oil gas and carbon residue.Feed coal needs uniform distribution in pyrolysis oven 100, raw material
Thickness is not more than 100mm, and the temperature being usually pyrolyzed is 580 DEG C -620 DEG C,
The pyrolysis oil gas is passed through the pyrolysis oil gas reception device 400, described 400 pairs of institutes of pyrolysis oil gas reception device
It states pyrolysis gas to be kept the temperature, then the pyrolysis gas is passed through in the burner 500 and is burnt.By 100 reaction chamber of pyrolysis oven
Atmosphere and burner 500 gas isolating, both make to be independent of each other, to realize that material pyrolysis carries out under anoxybiotic atmosphere,
Ensure pyrolysis gas calorific value with higher.
Purification separation processing is carried out to the combustion product gases with the purification separation device 600, obtains carbon dioxide.Purification
Separator 600 first purifies combustion product gases, and purified flue gas carries out carbon dioxide again and other gases are (main nitrogenous
Gas) separation, obtain carbon dioxide gas of the purity 95% or more.
The carbon dioxide is passed through the heater 700, the heater 700 heats the carbon dioxide,
Then it is passed through the fluidized bed 200 again.By the heating to carbon dioxide, its activity function on the one hand can be improved, on the other hand
Carbon dioxide gas temperature is increased to 600-950 DEG C, reaches fluidized bed 200 and activates required reaction temperature, and then improve fluidisation
Bed 200 prepares the efficiency of active carbon preparation.
The carbon residue and carbon dioxide are respectively fed to the fluidized bed 200, fluidized-bed reaction temperature controls on 850 DEG C of left sides
The right side activates the carbon residue using the carbon dioxide, generates active carbon.Carbon residue is inverse with activator in fluidized bed 200
To haptoreaction, active carbon is made.
Embodiment 1
Using Inner Mongol Hongkong dollar area coal as raw material, active carbon is carried out using preparation activated carbon system of the present invention and method
Preparation:
About 50 tons of feed coals are subjected to break process, obtain partial size 20mm coal grain below;
Broken coal grain is sent into pyrolysis oven to be pyrolyzed, coal grain uniform distribution is on drapery panel, thickness of feed layer 80mm.
Burner is provided in the pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis obtains carbon residue and pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis carbon residue of generation is sent into fluidized bed;
The high temperature pyrolysis gas that pyrolysis generates is sent into burner and is burnt, normal temperature air temperature can be increased to
350-400 DEG C, while the flue-gas temperature for generation of burning can be down to 110 DEG C or so;
Will burner combustion flue gas be sent into purification separation device in, flue gas is purified, carry out again carbon dioxide and
The separation of other gases (mainly containing nitrogen), obtains carbon dioxide gas of the purity 95% or so.By isolated dioxy
Change carbon gas, which is passed through in heater, to be heated, and the carbon dioxide gas temperature after heating is 830 DEG C or so, is sent into fluidized bed
In;
Fluidized-bed reaction temperature is controlled at 850 DEG C or so, and above-mentioned carbon dioxide is inversely contacted instead with carbon residue in fluidized bed
It answers, active carbon is made.
Process of the present invention can be operated stably for a long period of time, and the yield of active product char is made in obtained above-mentioned material
1 is shown in Table with main character.
1 data result of table
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described in attached drawing is only to illustrate the present invention rather than limits this
The range of invention, those skilled in the art should understand that, it is right under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
The modification or equivalent replacement that the present invention carries out, should all cover within the scope of the present invention.In addition, signified unless the context
Outside, the word occurred in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.In addition, unless stated otherwise, then any embodiment
All or part of in combination with any other embodiment all or part of come using.