CN106515103A - 一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料 - Google Patents

一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料 Download PDF

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CN106515103A
CN106515103A CN201610983330.6A CN201610983330A CN106515103A CN 106515103 A CN106515103 A CN 106515103A CN 201610983330 A CN201610983330 A CN 201610983330A CN 106515103 A CN106515103 A CN 106515103A
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fiber
yarn
long filament
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filament
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CN106515103B (zh
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刘梅城
洪杰
蔡剑波
洪园园
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Nantong Ousheng New Material Co ltd
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Nantong Textile Vocational Technology College
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  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，由表层、连接层和里层组成，表层和里层通过编织连接在连接层的上下两个端面；所述表层的外表面覆有聚氨酯膜a，里层的外表面覆有聚氨酯膜b；表层采用铝纤维长丝与中空尼龙长丝并捻后的并捻丝；里层采用超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱，超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱的包覆纤维为棉与竹炭涤纶纤维；本发明的连接层选用包芯纱，芯丝采用聚酯纤维高弹丝，在形成织物后，随着高弹丝的收缩，包覆在芯丝表面的短纤维会出现堆积，可以很好的保持上下层之间具有稳定的空隙，经过适当加热，使低熔点涤纶纤维融化，再冷却，低熔点涤纶纤维会把相邻纤维粘结在一起，使织物在一定压力下具有保持形态的能力。

Description

一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种针织面料，具体涉及一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料。
背景技术
随着科学技术的不断发展，满足人们不同需要的纺织品面料层出不穷，以满足消费者的需求，在人们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
纺织材料以其多孔的疏松结构、良好的可加工性以及材料轻薄等特点，成为吸声隔声领域的一个研究热点。在家居装饰领域，汽车内饰制造领域，建筑领域以及录音棚、舞台等有广泛的应用前景。
纺织材料因其疏松、柔软、多孔，可归结为多孔吸声材料。根据多孔吸声材料的吸声机理，当声波入射到纺织材料表面时，声波产生的振动引起纺织材料内部空隙以及纤维孔隙内的空气运动。空气本身具有衰减高频声波的作用，同时空气运动造成纱线与纱线之间、纤维与纤维之间以及纤维内部孔壁的摩擦，由于摩擦和粘滞力的作用使部分声能转化为热能，纺织材料中的空隙和孔隙中的空气与周围环境进行热交换，使得纺织材料具备吸声性能。高频声波可以使空气质点的振动速度加快，热交换的速度也加快，这就使得纺织材料具有良好的高频吸声性能。
吸声纺织复合材料在低频吸声性能的提高是当前纺织吸声隔声材料研究领域的重点。如何选用纤维，选择生产方式，选择可组合的复合材料都制约着纺织材料的吸声性能。目前有关毛毯和非织造布的研究报道较多。毛毯的织造方法有机织、簇绒、经编、针刺、缝编等。非织造布是由纤维、纱线或长丝用机械、化学或物理的方法使之粘结或结合而成的薄片状或毡状的结构物。机织物和针织物的吸声隔音性能研究也有报道。
研究表明，纺织吸声隔音材料可发展方向和途径很多，但是国内外对纺织材料吸声隔音的研究较少。大多研究只是停留在新型纺织材料的定性测量和评价上，对纺织品自身吸声特性的系统研究较少，缺少对纺织品吸声性能实用性的研究。纺织材料作为吸声材料，虽然有很大优势，但是只有将其与其他材料复合才能满足人们需要，更好地应用于家居、建筑、军事、民航、交通等方面。兼顾成本、性能、环保的各方面要求，改性纺织纤维和复合纤维可以成为我们今后发展纺织降噪吸声隔音材料的一个方向。研究新材料新工艺，结合吸声理论以及传统吸声结构，设计出既美观又实用的新型纺织材料是纺织吸声材料发展的一大趋势。
聚氨酯、硅酸铝陶瓷粉、金属铝、中空纤维都具有很好的吸声隔音效果。但是把这几种技术结合在一起形成的吸声隔音纺织材料，没有相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，现提供一种成本不高、质轻、柔软、吸声隔音效果佳的吸声隔音多层覆膜针织面料。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其创新点在于：由表层、连接层和里层组成，所述表层和里层通过编织连接在连接层的上下两个端面；所述表层的外表面覆有聚氨酯膜a，所述里层的外表面覆有聚氨酯膜b；
所述表层采用铝纤维长丝与中空尼龙长丝并捻后的并捻丝；
所述里层采用超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱，所述超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱的包覆纤维为棉与竹炭涤纶纤维；
所述连接层采用聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱，所述聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱的芯丝为聚酯纤维高弹丝，所述聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱的包覆纤维为中空涤纶短纤维与低熔点涤纶短纤维。
进一步的，所述表层覆盖的聚氨酯膜a由聚氨酯和纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末混合而成，所述纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末占聚氨酯膜a总质量的1-14%。
进一步的，所述里层覆盖的聚氨酯膜b由聚氨酯和纳米铝金属粉末混合而成，所述纳米铝金属粉末占聚氨酯膜b总质量的1-18%。
进一步的，所述里层采用超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱，所述芯丝中超细涤纶长丝占包芯纱总质量的10-30%，所述芯丝中超细涤纶纤维长丝中单纤维细度≤0.5dtex，所述芯丝中铝纤维长丝占包芯纱总质量的10-30%，所述芯丝中超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝的混合质量比为1-3:1-3；所述超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱中的包覆纤维占超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱总质量的40-80%，所述包覆纤维中棉与竹炭涤纶纤维的混合质量比为1-3:1-3。
进一步的，所述连接层采用聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱，所述芯丝聚酯纤维高弹丝占聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱总质量的20-50%，所述包覆纤维占聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱总质量的50-80%，所述包覆纤维中低熔点涤纶短纤维与中空涤纶短纤维的混合质量比为：1-3:1-3。
进一步的，所述表层中铝纤维长丝与中空尼龙长丝的混合质量比为1-2:1-2。
进一步的，所述表层覆盖的聚氨酯膜a的厚度为0.02-1.0mm。
进一步的，所述里层覆盖的聚氨酯膜b的厚度为0.02-1.0mm。
本发明的有益效果如下：
（1）本发明的连接层选用包芯纱，芯丝采用聚酯纤维高弹丝，在形成织物后，随着高弹丝的收缩，包覆在芯丝表面的短纤维会出现堆积，可以很好的保持上下层之间具有稳定的空隙，经过适当加热，使低熔点纤维融化，再冷却，低熔点纤维会把相邻纤维粘结在一起，使织物在一定压力下具有保持形态的能力。同时基于多层织物的结构设计，在连接层中有大量空隙存有贯穿空气层，由于低熔点纤维的粘结作用，导致两层之间空腔的变化，改善面料在中低频的吸声特性。
（2）本发明通过在聚氨酯a中添加纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末形成聚氨酯膜a，纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末能够进行声音的吸收，从而使得针织面料具有吸音功效，隔音效果佳。
（3）本发明通过在聚氨酯b中添加纳米铝金属粉末形成聚氨酯膜b，呈鳞片状的纳米铝金属粉末分散到载体后具有与底材平行的特点，众多的铝粉互相连接，大小粒子相互填补形成连续的金属膜，从而使得针织面料具有吸音与隔音功效，隔音效果佳。
（4）本发明通过在表层选择中空尼龙纤维与铝金属长丝，中空尼龙纤维与铝金属长丝均具有良好的吸音效果，能够进行声音的吸收，从而使得针织面料具有吸音功效，隔音效果佳。
（5）本发明通过在里层选择超细涤纶长丝纤维与铝金属长丝包芯纱，超细涤纶纤维、铝金属长丝、棉纤维均具有良好的吸音效果，竹炭涤纶纤维蓬松性好，具有竹炭微粉，可以增加对声音的吸收效果，隔音效果佳。
（6）本发明设计的多层针织面料，采用多层结构、多种吸声措施，获得良好的隔音效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
如图1所示为本发明的整体结构示意图，一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，由表层1、连接层3和里层2组成，表层1和里层2通过编织连接在连接层3的上下两个端面；表层1的外表面覆有聚氨酯膜a11，里层2的外表面覆有聚氨酯膜b21；
表层1采用铝纤维长丝与中空尼龙长丝并捻后的并捻丝；本发明通过在表层1选择中空尼龙纤维与铝金属长丝，中空尼龙纤维与铝金属长丝均具有良好的吸音效果，能够进行声音的吸收，从而使得针织面料具有吸音功效，隔音效果佳。
里层2采用超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱，超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱的包覆纤维为棉与竹炭涤纶纤维；
连接层3采用聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱，聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱的芯丝为聚酯纤维高弹丝，聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱的包覆纤维为中空涤纶短纤维与低熔点涤纶短纤维。
表层1覆盖的聚氨酯膜a11由聚氨酯和纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末混合而成，纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末占聚氨酯膜a总质量的1-14%。
里层2覆盖的聚氨酯膜b21由聚氨酯和纳米铝金属粉末混合而成，纳米铝金属粉末占聚氨酯膜b总质量的1-18%，里层2覆盖聚氨酯膜b21的厚度为0.02-1.0mm。本发明通过在聚氨酯中添加纳米铝金属粉末形成聚氨酯膜b21，呈鳞片状的纳米铝金属粉末分散到载体后具有与底材平行的特点，众多的铝粉互相连接，大小粒子相互填补形成连续的金属膜，从而使得针织面料具有吸音与隔音功效，隔音效果佳。
里层2采用超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱，芯丝中超细涤纶长丝占包芯纱总质量的10-30%，芯丝中超细涤纶纤维长丝中单纤维细度≤0.5dtex，芯丝中铝纤维长丝占包芯纱总质量的10-30%，芯丝中超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝的混合质量比为1-3:1-3；超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱中的包覆纤维占超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱总质量的40-80%，包覆纤维中棉与竹炭涤纶纤维的混合质量比为1-3:1-3。本发明通过在里层2选择超细涤纶长丝纤维与铝金属长丝包芯纱，超细涤纶纤维、铝金属长丝、棉纤维均具有良好的吸音效果，竹炭涤纶纤维蓬松性好，具有竹炭微粉，可以增加对声音的吸收效果，隔音效果佳。
连接层3采用聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱，芯丝聚酯纤维高弹丝占聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱总质量的20-50%，包覆纤维占聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱总质量的50-80%，包覆纤维中低熔点涤纶短纤维与中空涤纶短纤维的混合质量比为：1-3:1-3。本发明的连接层3选用包芯纱，芯丝采用聚酯纤维高弹丝，在形成织物后，随着高弹丝的收缩，包覆在芯丝表面的短纤维会出现堆积，可以很好的保持上下层之间具有稳定的空隙，经过适当加热，使低熔点纤维融化，再冷却，低熔点纤维会把相邻纤维粘结在一起，使织物在一定压力下具有保持形态的能力,同时基于多层织物的结构设计，在连接层3中有大量空隙存有贯穿空气层，由于低熔点纤维的粘结作用，导致两层之间空腔的变化，改善面料在中低频的吸声特性。
表层1中铝纤维长丝与中空尼龙长丝的混合质量比为1-2:1-2；表层1覆盖的聚氨酯膜a11的厚度为0.02-1.0mm。本发明通过在聚氨酯中添加纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末形成聚氨酯膜a11，纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末能够进行声音的吸收，从而使得针织面料具有吸音功效，隔音效果佳。
本发明设计的多层针织面料，采用多层结构、多种吸声措施，获得良好的隔音效果。
上述实施例只是本发明的较佳实施例，并不是对本发明技术方案的限制，只要是不经过创造性劳动即可在上述实施例的基础上实现的技术方案，均应视为落入本发明专利的权利保护范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其特征在于：由表层、连接层和里层组成，所述表层和里层通过编织连接在连接层的上下两个端面；所述表层的外表面覆有聚氨酯膜a，所述里层的外表面覆有聚氨酯膜b；
所述表层采用铝纤维长丝与中空尼龙长丝并捻后的并捻丝；
所述里层采用超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱，所述超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱的包覆纤维为棉与竹炭涤纶纤维；
所述连接层采用聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱，所述聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱的芯丝为聚酯纤维高弹丝，所述聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱的包覆纤维为中空涤纶短纤维与低熔点涤纶短纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其特征在于：所述表层覆盖的聚氨酯膜a由聚氨酯和纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末混合而成，所述纳米硅酸铝陶瓷粉末占聚氨酯膜a总质量的1-14%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其特征在于：所述里层覆盖的聚氨酯膜b由聚氨酯和纳米铝金属粉末混合而成，所述纳米铝金属粉末占聚氨酯膜b总质量的1-18%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其特征在于：所述里层采用超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱，所述芯丝中超细涤纶长丝占包芯纱总质量的10-30%，所述芯丝中超细涤纶纤维长丝中单纤维细度≤0.5dtex，所述芯丝中铝纤维长丝占包芯纱总质量的10-30%，所述芯丝中超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝的混合质量比为1-3:1-3；所述超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱中的包覆纤维占超细涤纶纤维长丝/铝纤维长丝包芯纱总质量的40-80%，所述包覆纤维中棉与竹炭涤纶纤维的混合质量比为1-3:1-3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其特征在于：所述连接层采用聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱，所述芯丝聚酯纤维高弹丝占聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱总质量的20-50%，所述包覆纤维占聚酯纤维高弹丝包芯纱总质量的50-80%，所述包覆纤维中低熔点涤纶短纤维与中空涤纶短纤维的混合质量比为：1-3:1-3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其特征在于：所述表层中铝纤维长丝与中空尼龙长丝的混合质量比为1-2:1-2。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其特征在于：所述表层覆盖的聚氨酯膜a的厚度为0.02-1.0mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔音多层覆膜针织面料，其特征在于：所述里层覆盖聚氨酯膜b的厚度为0.02-1.0mm。
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