CN106513708B - 纳米银粒子及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

纳米银粒子及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN106513708B
CN106513708B CN201611086476.7A CN201611086476A CN106513708B CN 106513708 B CN106513708 B CN 106513708B CN 201611086476 A CN201611086476 A CN 201611086476A CN 106513708 B CN106513708 B CN 106513708B
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申小义
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Abstract

本发明属于纳米金属制备领域,具体涉及一种纳米银粒子及其制备方法和应用。所述的纳米银粒子采用下述方法制备:1)将可受热分解的亲水性聚合物乳液涂覆于玻璃片表面成膜形成玻璃膜片;2)在步骤1)得到的玻璃膜片中原位生成碘化银,并通过光照分解生成含有纳米银粒子的膜片;3)将干燥后的步骤2)得到的膜片加热处理,亲水性聚合物受热分解,即可在玻璃片表面得到均匀分布的纳米银粒子。本发明具有工艺简单、反应条件温和、产生废液少的优点。所制备的纳米银粒子粒径分布均匀,以此样片对结晶紫溶液进行检测,证明可以检出结晶紫的浓度低至1*10‑9‑1*10‑10mol/L。

Description

纳米银粒子及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于纳米金属制备领域,具体涉及一种纳米银粒子及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
光化学还原法制备纳米银是以硫酸盐或硝酸银等银盐和柠檬酸三钠等有机物为反应试剂,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或十二烷基硫酸钠等表面活性剂为保护剂,在液相中通过一步光化学还原快速完成。反应中需要有紫外光源作为反应光源。而通过碘化银分解制备纳米银则需要在有机溶剂中进行,以避免表面收缩硬化。
光化学还原法制备纳米银的过程中对环境要求较高,产物的粒径分布不均匀,产物固含量低。这是由于在液相中银核的生长容易受到杂质影响,浓度过高时无法稳定制得纳米银粒子。而碘化银胶体在有机溶剂中同样面临这一问题,并且由于体系中以有机溶剂为主,造成了产物难以应用。因此,碘化银分解法很少用于实际制备纳米银粒子。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中无法稳定均匀制得纳米银粒子的缺陷,提供一种纳米银粒子及其制备方法和应用。
为实现本发明的目的所采用的技术方案是:
一种纳米银粒子的制备方法,采用下述方法制备:1)将可受热分解的亲水性聚合物乳液涂覆于玻璃片表面成膜形成玻璃膜片;2)在步骤1)得到的玻璃膜片中原位生成碘化银,并通过光照分解生成含有纳米银粒子的膜片;3)将干燥后的步骤2)得到的膜片加热处理,亲水性聚合物受热分解,即可在玻璃片表面得到均匀分布的纳米银粒子。
优选的,所述的亲水性聚合物乳液为亲水性聚丙烯酸酯乳液。
优选的,所述的亲水性聚合物乳液,各组分及质量含量如下:
亲水性聚合物反应单体 135-240份
引发剂 1.5-5份
水 100-500份;
优选的,所述的亲水性聚合物包括丙烯酸酯类反应单体以及改性单体,所述的改性单体为包含亲水性氨基或者羟基的丙烯酸酯;
优选的,所述的亲水性聚合物包括下述体积份组分:
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 40-70份;
丙烯酸丁酯 90-150份;
改性单体丙烯酸羟乙酯 5-20份。
具体地,步骤2)采用下述步骤:步骤1)得到的玻璃膜片,在避光条件下,依次浸泡于0.01mol/L-1mol/L的硝酸银溶液和浓度为0.01mol/L-1mol/L碘化钾溶液;浸泡时间均为1小时-24小时以生成碘化银;两步浸泡后的玻璃膜片在自然光照或日光灯下干燥生成含有纳米银粒子的膜片。
具体地,步骤3)采用下述步骤:将干燥后的步骤2)得到的膜片放在氮气气氛下高温处理,炉内温度300℃-600℃,亲水性聚合物乳液受热分解,即可在玻璃片表面得到均匀分步的纳米银粒子。
本发明还包括一种纳米银粒子采用上述方法制备得到。
本发明还包括一种纳米银粒子在痕量检测方面的应用,将待测溶液滴于纳米银粒子的玻璃片表面,干燥后使用拉曼光谱仪进行检测。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明具有工艺简单、反应条件温和、产生废液少的优点。所制备的纳米银粒子粒径分布均匀,以此样片对结晶紫溶液进行检测,证明可以检出结晶紫的浓度低至1*10-9-1*10-10mol/L。
附图说明
图1为本发明纳米银粒子的扫描电镜照片。
图2为本发明纳米银粒子的滴加结晶紫后的拉曼散射光谱图片。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图和最佳实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1:向装有冷凝装置和滴液装置的三口瓶中加入300ml去离子水,在搅拌下升温至70℃。量取甲基丙烯酸甲酯60ml、丙烯酸丁酯130ml、丙烯酸羟乙酯10ml混合。称取过硫酸钾K2SO4 2.00g,溶于20ml去离子水。量取20ml混合单体加入三口瓶中,取10ml过硫酸钾溶液加入三口瓶中,待体系呈现淡青色,滴加剩余混合单体,并在1小时后加入剩余过硫酸钾溶液。混合单体在2小时内滴加完全。滴加全部单体后,温度保持2小时至反应完全。将制得的乳液均匀涂在盖玻片表面晾干。称取硝酸银1g,溶于20ml去离子水。称取碘化钾1.1g,溶于20ml去离子水。将干燥后的盖玻片用去离子水清洗表面三次后,放入盛有上述硝酸银溶液的培养皿中避光浸泡2小时。取出盖玻片,用去离子水清洗三次,放入盛有上述碘化钾溶液的培养皿中避光浸泡2小时。取出盖玻片,用去离子水清洗三次后晾干。将干燥后的盖玻片放入预先通氮气的马弗炉中,设定温度为500℃,高温处理20分钟后停止加热,在持续通氮气的情况下,在炉内自然降温至80℃取出。
实施例2:向装有冷凝装置和滴液装置的三口瓶中加入100ml去离子水,在搅拌下升温至70℃。量取甲基丙烯酸甲酯40ml、丙烯酸丁酯90ml、丙烯酸羟乙酯4ml混合。称取过硫酸钾K2SO4 1.5g,溶于15ml去离子水。量取15ml混合单体加入三口瓶中,取7ml过硫酸钾溶液加入三口瓶中,待体系呈现淡青色,滴加剩余混合单体,并在1小时后加入剩余过硫酸钾溶液。混合单体在2小时内滴加完全。滴加全部单体后,温度保持2小时至反应完全。将制得的乳液均匀涂在盖玻片表面晾干。称取硝酸银0.034g,溶于20ml去离子水。称取碘化钾0.034g,溶于20ml去离子水。将干燥后的盖玻片用去离子水清洗表面三次后,放入盛有上述硝酸银溶液的培养皿中避光浸泡2小时。取出盖玻片,用去离子水清洗三次,放入盛有上述碘化钾溶液的培养皿中避光浸泡2小时。取出盖玻片,用去离子水清洗三次后晾干。将干燥后的盖玻片放入预先通氮气的马弗炉中,设定温度为300℃,高温处理20分钟后停止加热,在持续通氮气的情况下,在炉内自然降温至80℃取出。
实施例3:向装有冷凝装置和滴液装置的三口瓶中加入500ml去离子水,在搅拌下升温至70℃。量取甲基丙烯酸甲酯70ml、丙烯酸丁酯150ml、丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯20ml混合。称取过硫酸钾K2SO4 5g,溶于30ml去离子水。量取15ml混合单体加入三口瓶中,取10ml过硫酸钾溶液加入三口瓶中,待体系呈现淡青色,滴加剩余混合单体,并在1小时后加入剩余过硫酸钾溶液。混合单体在2小时内滴加完全。滴加全部单体后,温度保持2小时至反应完全。将制得的乳液均匀涂在盖玻片表面晾干。称取硝酸银3.4g,溶于20ml去离子水。称取碘化钾3.4g,溶于20ml去离子水。将干燥后的盖玻片用去离子水清洗表面三次后,放入盛有上述硝酸银溶液的培养皿中避光浸泡2小时。取出盖玻片,用去离子水清洗三次,放入盛有上述碘化钾溶液的培养皿中避光浸泡2小时。取出盖玻片,用去离子水清洗三次后晾干。将干燥后的盖玻片放入预先通氮气的马弗炉中,设定温度为300℃,高温处理20分钟后停止加热,在持续通氮气的情况下,在炉内自然降温至80℃取出。
其中,实施例1为最优实施例,以其为代表进行论述,产品使用扫描电子显微镜观察粒径分布,如图1所示。从图中可见粒径分布均匀。配制浓度为1*10-8-1*10-10mol/L的结晶紫溶液,滴于不同的盖玻片,晾干后使用拉曼光谱仪进行表面增强拉曼散射效果测试,结果见图2。在结晶紫浓度低至1*10-10mol/L时仍有检出,但是与结晶紫浓度为1*10-9mol/L时强度接近。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种纳米银粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,采用下述方法制备:1)将可受热分解的亲水性聚合物乳液涂覆于玻璃片表面成膜形成玻璃膜片;2)在步骤1)得到的玻璃膜片中原位生成碘化银,并通过光照分解生成含有纳米银粒子的膜片;3)将干燥后的步骤2)得到的膜片加热处理,亲水性聚合物受热分解,即可在玻璃片表面得到均匀分布的纳米银粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米银粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的亲水性聚合物乳液为亲水性聚丙烯酸酯乳液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米银粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的亲水性聚合物乳液,各组分及质量含量如下:
亲水性聚合物反应单体 135-240份;
引发剂 1.5-5份;
水 100-500份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的纳米银粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的亲水性聚合物包括丙烯酸酯类反应单体以及改性单体,所述的改性单体为包含亲水性氨基或者羟基的丙烯酸酯。
5.根据权利要求3所述的纳米银粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的亲水性聚合物包括下述体积份组分:
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 40-70份;
丙烯酸丁酯 90-150份;
改性单体丙烯酸羟乙酯 5-20份。
6.据权利要求1所述的纳米银粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)采用下述步骤:步骤1)得到的玻璃膜片,在避光条件下,依次浸泡于0.01mol/L-1mol/L的硝酸银溶液和浓度为0.01mol/L-1mol/L碘化钾溶液;浸泡时间均为1小时-24小时以生成碘化银;两步浸泡后的玻璃膜片在自然光照或日光灯下干燥生成含有纳米银粒子的膜片。
7.据权利要求1所述的纳米银粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)采用下述步骤:将干燥后的步骤2)得到的膜片放在氮气气氛下高温处理,炉内温度300℃-600℃,亲水性聚合物乳液受热分解,即可在玻璃片表面得到均匀分布的纳米银粒子。
8.一种纳米银粒子,其特征在于,由权利要求1-7任一项所述的纳米银粒子的制备方法制得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的纳米银粒子在痕量检测方面的应用,其特征在于,将待测溶液滴于纳米银粒子的玻璃片表面,干燥后使用拉曼光谱仪进行检测。
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