CN1065035A - Compound such as expansion wood and plastics technology - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of detonation power that utilizes high pressure gas and then capillary bore expansion, stopping composition, the auxiliary agent of timber are charged into and with expanded texture of wood blend copolymerization, the matrix material of compression moulding immediately again.Stopping composition is plastics, pottery, metal powder, carbon dust, can adds mudstone powder, waste residue powder.The specific tenacity of this matrix material, specific modulus can be produced the matrix material of different grades kind by different demands than existing same type of material height.By the present invention conceive released first compound, after therefrom to generate carbon fine and produce the method for carbon fibre reinforced composite material, both utilized the pore of timber to make mould, utilize when expanded pulse with swallow effect and make the carbon dust that charges into be gathered into carbon fiber.

Description

Compound such as expansion wood and plastics technology

The present invention relates to a technology of in plastics industry, using timber, when sharply expanding in order to prepare a series of capillary bores at timber, the matrix material that forms of the particulate of filled plastics pottery or metal immediately.

The mankind are synthetic resol at first, just is able to practicality with having overcome fragility after Wood flour filled, and plastics industry also is born thus.But for more than half a century, timber still is main compound with plastics with the powder, wood powder " granularity is 40,60 and 80 orders, carefully to 140 orders." fiber of (pluck 1 " plastics are compiled with filler and toughener handbook [U.S.] card thatch, and Chinese translation was the 262nd page in 1987) timber is destroyed, so wood powder is difficult to improve the intensity of plastics.In recent years manufactured experimently wood plastic composite wood WPC in advanced country, the production method of this product is the pharmaceutical chemicals with vinyl, is commonly referred to monomeric injection timber ... monomer commonly used has vinylbenzene, methyl methacrylate, vinylformic acid etc.Available a kind of, also available two or more monomer mixtures.Simultaneously can inject a spot of initiator, to promote chemical reaction.Also have now without initiator." " after the monomer injection, make monomer and timber polymerization reaction take place with high-energy radiation method or heating method, and form a kind of composite wood." in (pluck 2 " wood working chemistry " Northeast China Forestry University 1985 and compile the 208th page of version) existing timber industry all departments, still do not have the technology of the expanded application of timber, existing timber scientific and technical literature, all there is not the information of expansion wood.The technology that explosion timber is arranged related to the present invention: " put timber in high pressure vessel; carry out the hydrothermal treatment consists of short period of time with the steam of High Temperature High Pressure; make the softening part carbohydrate inversion of lignin of timber middle lamella; then container valve is opened; just raw material is in unexpected step-down process for wood, and explosion becomes flocculence fiber or fibrous bundle.In the U.S., the fiber separation of some Fibreboard Production promptly adopts this method." " wood chip heats up 282 ℃ then about 30～40 ℃ of 196 ℃ of boilings greatly, several seconds, last explosion." (pluck 3 and 2 and ibidem the 221st, 215 page) blasting procedure makes the texture of wood structure confusingly collapse segregation, strength loss.Be in the state and the penetrant convection current of high-speed motion and sharply expansion as for the capillary bore that makes timber, this is not on probation as yet technically, on science, also lack research, in the high textbook of existing colloid chemistry, all research infiltrations under pore immobilized state.To timber impregnate and the existing technology of compound remains in following four difficulties:

(1) though the timber porous, perviousness is little, the structure of timber bordered pit and line film, tylosis, solid plug, bubble plug etc. all produce heavy resistance to impregnating, permeate, spreading, prior art is difficult to overcome.Therefore in wood and plastic composite was made, polymeric resin was difficult to inject, and can only inject with monomer even gas phase, and solid content is very low, and polymerization is also resisted difficulty because of the energy barrier of timber.So WPC so far can not suitability for industrialized production, cost an arm and a leg, one of contemporary science and technology ten big brainstorm projects " plastics that can replace timber substantially " are not emerged in large numbers as yet yet.

(2) prior art makes two to be material is mixing or during infiltration, the rate delivery degree of relative movement is minimum, and its sticking power is also minimum, and because of pressing fluid mechanics principle, sticking power is directly proportional with speed.

(3) total surface has the defective that damage, pollution, erosion, dislocation, coarse or the like " history " form, historical facts or anecdotes border bond strength only reaches the 1/100-1/1000 of theoretical strength, intensity is low so fiber reinforced material, shaving board, fiberboard or the like all do not have fully contact because of the surface of its inner constituent element, and bounding force is weak.

(4) always contain and plastics in the timber, the resistance of compound material such as cement gathers composition.For example, resistance gathers to cement for tannin, gallic acid, and never solidification phenomenon of cement is often arranged in the manufacturing of timber cement plate.

About the fine enhancing degree matrix material of carbon, " external fibre reinforced composites " the 4th volume of version in 1976 that institute of Chinese Shanghai scientific-technical information edits and the 5th volume of version in 1977 are all with regard to the manufacturing of carbon fibre, and detailed introduction has been done in surface treatment, recombining process, application and test." plastics are with in filler and toughener handbook chapter 11 the 29th joint " carbon-graphite fiber " for this digest 1, also made system introduction with regard to the fine production method of carbon, performance, application present situation and prospect, and example has selected the U.S. and Britain's day method than 38 of five state's patents, the manufacturing technology document of all carbon fibre reinforced composite materials all has a common ground, be exactly all to be to prepare the carbon fibre earlier, twine or be woven into skeleton again, do the surface handle, then compound with plastics etc.Because in complicated operation, the fine surfaces externally and internally of carbon has many defectives and damage unavoidably, the fine bounding force with plastics etc. of carbon extremely a little less than, so the development of carbon fiber reinforced materials is the gesture of pacing up and down so far.As for the present invention take earlier compound material, after the carbon fibre is therefrom generated method, precedent is not also arranged.

Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is the crushed aggregate of plant and the plastic composite of a kind of alternative timber of preparation; Secondly purpose is to produce the timber enhanced structural foam of a series of modifications; Another big purpose of the present invention, be implement earlier compound material, after the carbon fibre is therefrom generated method produce the carbon fiber reinforced materials, the performance of existing carbon fiber reinforced materials is improved, the cost reduction.

It is expanded to experiment showed, that wood particle can resemble the grain of rice, but the principle of aerodynamically utilizes the detonation power of high pressure gas to make texture of wood shredding, capillary bore expansion.Centre point one of the present invention is the expansion of control timber capillary bore, the 2nd, charge into pore immediately after making the powder of plastics, metal or pottery take advantage of expansion, and blend is copolymerized into matrix material.The product scope that the present invention relates to is big, can be divided into three grades by control techniques requirement height.The expanded compound special high-performance material that is used to produce of A level, as fine metal, the pottery of strengthening of carbon, whisker one brilliant fine fine chain enhanced plastics of wood or a rubber, extra light structural foam; The B level with timber and plastics, rubber combined be major product, mould sponge as wood, rubber plank, foaming wood-plastic plate, pulping and paper-making or carry that fiber, wood are moulded non-woven fabrics, wood is moulded the curtain tire not; The C level is and silicate material compound goods, as expanded wooden plasterboard, the fine multicellular glass of carbon etc.Content of the present invention is distinguished to some extent by the branch of ABC grade.Concrete technology is:

(1) gets the raw materials ready.Should be divided into state in small, broken bits for expanded timber, temperature, pressure, chemical agent are transmitted and infiltration fast, expanded required explosive power is reduced.Wood fragments are divided into: 1. particulate state, cross section (1～5) * (2～6) mm, lengthwise 5～20mm; 2. wood wool shape, (1～5mm), lengthwise 30～100mm; 3. wood shavings shape, (0.15～1.5) * (2～10) mm, long 10～40mm.The error of the wood fragments cross-section corresponding length of side, A level＜0.5mm, B level＜1.5mm, C level＜6mm; Lengthwise error A＜5mm, B＜12mm, C＜50mm.Want seeds single for the A level with particle, the B level will be distinguished softwood and pourous wood, though C level seeds, and can mix stalk straw, sawdust etc.The wood fragments water ratio is 15～30%.The particle that has also must rinsing.

(2), dip-coating sizing material and auxiliary agent.With glue mixer the emulsion of tackiness agent or powder coated in the wood fragments surface.Tackiness agent synthetic resins is as Vinyl Acetate Copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, urea aldehyde, phenolic aldehyde, epoxy, paracril etc.; Also available natural goods glue is as shellac, pitch, rubber, dextrin, albumin glue, gelatine etc.; Auxiliary agent has xylon tenderizer, tensio-active agent, permeate agent, softening agent, flexibility agent, solidifying agent, catalyzer, antacid, fire retardant etc., as ammonia, formaldehyde, phenol, polyethers, Versamid, sodium hydroxide, water glass, ammonia chloride, carbonic acid gas or the like.The effect of tackiness agent is glued membrane, the surface perforate of sealing wood fragments of form surrounding wood fragments, gas loss when expanded to reduce; Next is to infiltrate through partially in the wood fragments with auxiliary agent, increases plasticity, the elasticity of capillary hole wall, and forms a large amount of obstruction and barrier film in the pore system.Timber pore wall is sharply expanded when expanded, and adhesive film is expanded thereupon, and the external compound particles that bonds, constantly remedies the crack of hole wall.The solid consumption of tackiness agent is 1～10% of an expansion wood oven dry weight, and wherein the A level 2～5%, B level 5～10%, C level 1～3%.Wood fragments after the glue mixing, applying steam are heated to 100 ℃, and insulation is more than 0.5 hour.

(3), charging: the wood fragments weighing is packed in the high pressure vessel, in filler and auxiliary agent pumps into high pressure vessel links to each other expansion chamber.Filler is powder, emulsion or the paste of plastics, metal, pottery, also can add carbon dust, glass powder, mudstone powder, waste residue powder.The fineness of powder, A level 300～400 orders, C level 80～140 orders, B level are the mixing of A, C level.All in high pressure vessel labile auxiliary agent also pump into expansion chamber.

(4) intensification pressurization.After high pressure vessel is sent in the wood fragments weighing, be warmed up to 160～285 ℃; Pressurization, A level are 800～1500 crust, B level 300～1000 crust, and the time of C level 30～300 crust, the pressurization that heats up is that 20～120 seconds, working medium are used water vapor usually.In high pressure vessel, steam and glued membrane surrounds wood fragments, in wood fragments inside, pit membrane, soak and fill out the sealing of body, viscose glue thing or blocking capillary bore, moisture content in the pore, be heated vaporization and produce very high vapour pressure, wood fragments inside has formed bubble, the gas column heap is built, timber capillary hole wall is semi-transparent wall when annotating pressure, therefore, the high pressure balance of wood fragments inside and outside has high detonation potential energy.

(5), expanded-compound chain carrying out.This operation is to carry out in the expansion chamber of shape such as common electrical bulb, and the volume of expansion chamber is 10-100 a times of high pressure vessel.Expansion chamber's other end perforate links to each other with mechanical pump, and the powder of filler, auxiliary agent pumps into one step ahead, and fills the air in indoor.It is fast that the opening speed of high pressure vessel outlet valve is wanted, and makes wood fragments go into expansion chamber time detonation in 0.01～0.5 second, and wood fragments movement locus in the shape of a spiral launch, and this can adorn flow deflector in the high pressure vessel exit, or establish water conservancy diversion rib muscle at wall.It is complex reaction that expanded wood fragments are subjected to the filler powder interception.Material is after 0.5～4 second kind of expansion chamber reaction, and bleeder valve is opened, and material flows out from a more piece breathing pipe with gravity.Material is subjected to pulse and swallows effect to regulate in the breathing pipe is advanced, make compound in-depth.

Fluidic motion change in expansion chamber's vortex vibration is very complicated, but from quantization statistics opinion, certain rules is arranged again.The moment of pore after expansion has very big adsorptive power, the restriction of expansion chamber's reactive force, and the encirclement damping and the viscous of the particulate that fills the air make the unlikely segregation that confusingly collapses of texture of wood; The reflection of expansion chamber's wall shock wave, wave of oscillation, rarefaction wave, wave of compression etc. comprehensive; Wall turbulent flow and vibration of bursting and fragmentation are sprayed and interior dashing, pulse and swallow etc.; In the timber capillary bore that the weighting material particulate is flow into deeply expand.For further specifying technical characterictic of the present invention, special contrast blasting procedure is drawn an analogy analogy.If the timber pore is likened to balloon, blasting procedure is covering to be blown fragmentation utilize it, and expanded method is to blow big reinforcing to utilize it.The plasticising of balloon dip-coating glue, the spherical die cavity of putting into dust cloud blew before expanded method was blown, and the air that is blown into also is a dust cloud, still can produce the crack when blowing, the continuous embedding of glue bonding dust that covering is stained with is mended, after balloon blows greatly finally, glue bonding dust is in the about fixed film forming of covering, and balloon has strengthened.

(6), gather materials: the compound material of many timber bulking machine outputs, can come together in the collecting bin, the main task of collecting bin is the plasticity-that keeps compound material, make it to be suitable for the requirement of compression molding processing, therefore, the collecting bin section has temperature control equipment, and presses the performance requriements of the differing materials of manufacturing, takes different control maintain measures.As wood and plastic composite, fire-retardant for antioxygen, can lead to carbonic acid gas etc.

(7), compression moulding.After stock is concentrated the consumption that can be made into a product, mold pressing immediately, roll-in or extrusion molding.

(8), aftertreatment.Take diverse ways by different material requirements.As the fine material that strengthens of the carbon of A level, must add high pressure, roasting, clinkering or current processing.The wood and plastic composite of B level is wanted drying treatment.The expanded wooden cement plate or the plasterboard of C level want maintenance to handle.

By design of the present invention, the carbon fibre reinforced composite material comprises that carbon finely strengthens pottery or metal even plastics, metal, ceramic triplicity can expansion wood be a carrier in the material of one, produces by eight above-mentioned process." remove the big extracapillary of lumen, wood cell wall has the micro-fibril that distributing in hierarchical structure, the parietal layer, between each layer and between the micro-fibril, even the different kapillary of a large amount of sizes is arranged all between some macromole.Large and small kapillary forms network of capillary tube through cell walls." " every gram timber has 3 * 10 when drying regime ²The surface-area of square centimeter " (pluck 4 with pluck 2 ibidem the 166th page) though the kapillary size of timber is different, from the statisticsization theory of probability, be interweave orderly, arrange network cleverly.In timber expanded one a compound carbonization process, the fibrillation of xylon carbon, the pre-synthetic resins of annotating also carbonization becomes fine, the most of because pulse of carbon black in the filler or Graphite Powder 99 and swallow effect and charge into and be squeezed into the fine base of carbon in the timber kapillary, and some is inserted the fine loose or empty place of carbonization wood.The carbon fibre web network of Xing Chenging like this is than all optimization of any artificial braiding.Then plastics of filling etc. with great rate delivery degree.Evenly and closely the carbon fibre is wrapped up.This shows that the manufacturing process of carbon fibre and matrix material thereof can be simplified greatly, the carbon fibre has the damage that twines in the processing of tabulating face to avoid fully.The carbon fibre is also met tough with the difficulty of the binding property extreme difference of plastics and has been separated.By the principle of the invention, timber is not exclusively carbonization also, produces a kind of fine chain enhanced composite plastic of the fine wood of whisker one carbon that 250 ℃ of following temperature are used that is fit to.

By above-mentioned eight road technologies, technology contents compound about elder generation, back carbon fibre also need remark additionally: 1. for pre-earlier notes phenolic aldehyde of expanded wood particle or vinyl cyanide, other adds as the carbon black of timber dry weight 2～5%.More regular carbochain skeleton is arranged during because of resin pyrolysis such as phenolic aldehyde.2. expansion chamber adopts 2～3 joint bulb-shaped series connection.Air in the expansion chamber must make to have fire-retardant finish.Pump into the Graphite Powder 99 of 300～400 ℃ in fineness 325～600 orders, purity 98%, temperature at first segment.The 2nd～3 joint pumps into metal or ceramics powder respectively.The temperature of synthetic resin moulding compound is calculated greater than Ts less than Td by the temperature that can guarantee compound tense; The temperature of metal, ceramics powder is 350～500 ℃.Expansion chamber is gone in tension wood detonation, after each joint and filler reacted for 1～3 second, flows out from the breathing pipe respectively.Gather materials after the compression moulding, depress at 500～3000 Ba Jing and fuse or clinkering, temperature is controlled at below the chemical reaction point of carbon and metal or pottery.

3. as with the plastics compound, for making that the carbon fibre is tightr in the material, intensity increases but make plastics avoid high temperature again, the present invention's suggestion can be made electricimpulse and handle under static pressure.Electric current was big when carbon granules was tight, and electric current is little when loose, and the invention of phone utilizes this characteristic just.Under the high-strength pulsed current of high frequency impacted, the particulate of carbon was forced to irreversibly be closely aligned crystallization, becomes high-quality carbon fibre.

Owing to the invention belongs to new technical field, both there be not Systems Theory, more do not have off-the-shelf equipment, implement difficulty to some extent.But the present invention can be by means of technology, theory, experience and the equipment of plastic shaping industry, comparatively fast drop into suitability for industrialized production.The pressure that modern plastics screw extruding machine can bear up to 1400 bar pressures, injection moulding machine reaches 300～3000 crust.These plastic molding machineries also are suitable for expansion wood to conduction, the control device of temperature, pressure, flow.Because highly compressed safety problem.The single machine yield of timber bulking machine is little, also with reference to the specification of extruding machine, measures with gram.Through experiment, common multiple screw extruder also can the expanded and composite wood of 30～100 bar pressures after removing steam discharge mechanism, enlarging the machine barrel outlet, its mechanism is described as follows: particulate wood is behind the steam heat penetration, enter screw rod and machine barrel formation solid plug from hopper, the synthetic resin moulding compound that wood grain surface is stained with melts into melt film; The high pressure of the moisture content vaporization in the wood grain pore contends with outside strong squeeze; Wood grain resembles rubber grain bullet and is lying prostrate and pulled, and surperficial sanding, fiber are routed up, and xylogen infiltrates melts and stirs into emulsion with bubble, is adsorbed in fiber, makes a wood grain outside wrap one deck and glues chorion; Wood grain one is extruded, and the high-pressure energy detonation that it is inner is impacted by outer gas stream again and shredding is expanded.

The present invention advises that the multiple screw extruder modification scheme is as follows:

1. remove common gravimetric, set up the pressure feeding device.Compile version " plastics machinery design " the 1. 25,309 pages in 86 years referring to the Beijing Chemical Engineering College.

2. seal the venting port on the machine barrel.

3. remove spreader plate, filtering net, net-changing device on the former head.

4. the diameter that makes the machine barrel outlet is greater than wood grain lengthwise.

5. the discharge hole of head, enlarge a step, its volume equal the material that every expanded cycle screw rod extrudes volume, do concentrating of high pressure wood grain and use with the firing site.

6. in head outlet, device detonation valve, this is the crux that utilizes high pressure swelling timber, this valve is designed to the lip shape and opens and close, and is two lobe iron and steel slide blocks.After the start, utilize the tensimeter on the former head, after mensuration wood grain stream reaches required pressure, promptly drive the cycle operation of detonation valve.Interim weekly, the time of valve closure accounts for 2/3-5/6, and the time of unlatching accounts for 1/3-1/6.Slide block is shaped on anti-material and blocks structure, and utilizes the kick anti-sticking.The thickness of slide block can be 1-1.5 times of former machine spreader plate thickness.Make slide block do the propulsion source of reciprocating cutter, seal approach, with the designs such as method of attachment of head all can be with reference to " plastics machinery design " the 121st page.

7. in head charging place, also will load onto a shut off valve, during the detonation opening of valves, it closes, blocks logistics, and screw rod is produced back pressure.It also closes up structure with two lobes, and available camshaft device and the chain control of detonation valve.

8. expansion chamber has replaced the position of mould for plastics, and it is the same with mould, close up with two steel symmetries up and down, so its wall can be made into very thickly and shock-resistant, and its sealed power can be with reference to " plastics machinery design " the 748th page.Like this processing bulb-shaped inner chamber, ventilate, get through all easy.Expansion chamber and the structure that is connected that also can imitate head and machine barrel in the plastics machinery being connected of high pressure vessel.As long as do above-mentioned repacking, the screw rod material-extruding machine just can be born the operation of the expansion wood of most B level, C level with the high pressure of hundreds of crust.Injection moulding machine, that the plunger tpe extruding machine repacks the timber bulking machine into is easier, can save shut off valve.The technician of detail, plastics industry, timber applicable industry can solve entirely.Implement the present invention in rubber and plastic boards factory, plastics factory, just can mix a large amount of wood fibres and stone flour in plastics, the unit weight of product and cost are reduced at double, and the performance of material improves greatly, common plastics tank tower disadvantage easy to crack can be eliminated now.In the fibre-board plant, shaving board factory, adopt the expanded recombining process of timber, just can realize the renewal of product, a kind of lightweight and the tough mouldable imitation wood of the saw followed closely can be born, the texture that visible cluster bunch wood fibre fibre is formed on this material, this is good news for the Furniture Factory of just earnestly seeking the timber tenderizer.In plasterboard factory, original production unit technical process is constant, as long as some big-and-middle-sized plastics extruders of repacking, wood fragments and stalk straw expanded after, promptly compound with gypsum, more additional stone flours, waste residue powder, just can improve the performance of plasterboard exponentially, and reduce cost at double.

The present invention has positive meaning.For making the timber shapeable, the mankind have consumed a large amount of power and chemical agent destroys timber and defibrination, environmental pollution, gained Mierocrystalline cellulose severely degrade.Ancient Chinese early imagine wood shavings are sticked into foundation, but the intensity of current state-of-the-art shaving board, fiberboard, performance are far below natural timber.Four big difficulties of the existing wood composite technology that the present invention has overcome:

1. expanded composite algorithm makes timber that the resistance of infiltration is converted into the power that capillary bore is expanded dexterously, and impregnating of timber become efficient smoothly.

2. high, the surperficial sticking power of expanded compound velocity slope is big, the blended good uniformity.

What 3. expansion wood was opened is the freshest internal surface, and it presses for answer energy minimum state and makes up, has very big adsorptive power, thereby high with weighting material adherent intensity.

4. expansion wood is with high speed and stopping composition polymerization, and the poly-composition of resistance has little time to play a role and promptly buried or transform.

Timber also is considered fibre-reinforced natural plastics, and three big superpolymer are to the utmost point exquisitely compound in timber, its destruction, lignin, hemicellulose is abandoned, and is by the new science and technology discourse on politics, not economic reasonable.The present invention complies with natural the optimizing structure of timber and expands, and makes lignin, hemicellulose improvement, just will facilitate the reform of some industrial sectors.For example expanded wood is moulded compound tense, and it is extremely low that the content of unmodified lignin, hemicellulose is dropped to, and pulping and paper-making and system viscose fiber just can not realized.By design of the present invention, particles such as the stem skin of plant, stalk straw, shell, coring, flower, leaf all can be expanded compound, and this has fundamental significance to conserving forests.One of High-Interest Object of contemporary industry revolution is to utilize the Nature the most general constantly regenerated mudstone and vegetation again, produces cheapness, the portable high performance material, and the present invention is for reaching this target hard-working.

Accompanying drawing (one) is the intention of the bulb-shaped and expanded recombination process of this material of expansion chamber.Label among the figure (): 1 is high pressure vessel, and 2 is expansion chamber, and 3 is the filler front pump, and 4 is off-gas pump, and 5 are discharging breathing pipe, and 6 is collecting bin, and 7～10 is valve.11 are the shock resistance spring.Rectangular parallelepiped in 1 represents to be subjected to the highly compressed wood particle, the circle in 2, expression expanded timber, stain represents to fill the air the stopping composition powder that is suspending, what fine rule was represented expansion wood detonation launches the rule mark, dish is to the vortex of curve representation compound tense material.Valve 9 cut out after pump 3 pumped into the stopping composition powder in 2, reach a high temperature in 1 after the high forcing up the targets, detonation valve 7 is opened the detonation of wood grain is gone in 2, expanded, the multiple afterreaction of material promptly takes place, and after 0.5～3 second, bleeder valve 10 is opened, material falls into collecting bin 6 along breathing pipe 5, then valve 8 is opened, off-gas pump cuts out after taking out steam waste vapour in 2, and then valve 9 is opened, and a new cycle operation cycle begins.11 resemble the sofa spring of shape with a tight waist, the shockwave that can dissipate, and can make compound homogenizing.

Accompanying drawing (two) is the placed in-line expanded synoptic diagram of three joints.

Accompanying drawing (three) is 7 detonation principle of work synoptic diagram among the figure (), and also explanation makes multiple screw extruder put aside the refiting scheme of elevated pressures expansion wood simultaneously.1 is screw rod among the figure (three), and 2 is machine barrel, and 3 is head, and 4 is the head endoporus that enlarge, and 5～6 is detonation valve shoe brake, and 7～8 is the slide block lock of intercept valve, and 9 for by 7～8 a wood stream that stop and block, and twitches direction when arrow is represented 5～6 or 7～8 unlatchings.By figure (three) as seen, during 5～6 unlatchings, 7～8 just in time close up, and the wood grain stream of barrel section is stopped.5～6 will treat just to open after head is taken out the medullary ray of via hole 4, and this moment, slide block can obtain bigger acceleration.So in each work period, the time that the detonation valve cuts out is long, and the time of intercept opening of valves is long.On anti-card structure, for increasing slide block intensity, the a=(2 among the figure～4) b.Accompanying drawing (four) is tube Jie figure of vent valve 8 among the figure ().Its 1 expression expansion chamber wall entity, 2 is the vent of external vacuum pump, and 3 is porthole, and 4 is porthole liftout attachment such as spring.Arrow represents that steam, waste vapour etc. flow to 2 and the direction of discharging.A is the appearance curved surface of expansion chamber's inner chamber, a curved surface on 3, and when 3 closed, a and a should coincide.Shown in figure (four), when the compound material of expansion wood after expansion chamber's abdomen drops out, porthole 3 ejects, duct 2 is open, vacuum pump just work is taken out waste vapour, 3 i.e. withdrawals are closed 2 then.

Accompanying drawing (five) pumps into the structural principle synoptic diagram of valve 9 and bleeder valve 10 for filler among the figure ().Its 1 expression expansion chamber wall entity, 2 for being inserted in the valve lock of twitching in 1 the notch, and 3 are material turnover duct, external mechanical pump or breathing pipe, unlatching has through hole 4 on 2, and when hole 4 is extracted into when 3 center overlaps the position, hole 3 is with regard to standard-sized sheet.2 position represents that 3 are closing condition among the figure (five).As the bleeder valve of this graph structure, percussion pressure should be responsive, can set up safety interlock, and promptly when detonation and turbulent surging force during above safety coefficient, 2 can open automatically, and material is flowed out in advance.

Embodiment one: expanded wooden PVC composite wood.Be equipped with cross section 1.5 * 2.5mm, lengthwise 10～15mm, 100 parts of particles of pine, water ratio 20%, 8 parts in PVC powder, 0.5 part of dihydroxyphenyl propane mixes and stirs, and high pressure vessel is gone in 100 ℃ of insulations 0.5 hour, is warmed up to 240 ℃, is pressurized to 400～600 crust, and is during intensification pressure 40 seconds, expanded; Filler is 50 parts of Paris whites, softening agent DbP10 part.Compound discharging in 1～3 second.The compound material unit weight of gained 100～200Kg/m, every performance surpasses pure PVC plastics.This example also is a kind of typical wood and plastic composite.General-purpose plastics such as PE, PP, PS, AbS all can be by making wood and plastic composite with this routine similar approach.

Embodiment two: the fine POM plastics that strengthen of carbon.Be equipped with 100 parts of 1.5 * 15mm linden particles, water ratio 20%, 5 parts in resol, 2 parts of carbon blacks mix and stir.100 ℃ are incubated 0.5 hour, go into high pressure vessel and are warmed to 285 ℃, are pressurized to 1200 crust, last 40 seconds.With figure (two) type expansion chamber.The 1st joint pumps into 30 parts of Graphite Powder 99s, 350 ℃ in fineness 400 orders, purity 99%, temperature, and the 2nd joint pumps into 60 parts in POM powder, 0.3 part in 30 ℃, No. 330 oxidation inhibitor of temperature.Discharging after compound 2～3 seconds kinds.Touch molded after, add static pressure 300～500 crust, and make electricimpulse and strengthen.The incomplete carbonization of this routine timber, in the microtriche pore of timber, have the POM whisker to generate, also be the fine chain enhanced plastics of the fine wood of a kind of whisker one carbon, performance is fabulous.

Embodiment three: the fine aluminium composite wood of carbon.1.5 * 2 * 10mm oak particle 100, water ratio 18%, 5 parts of phenol-formaldehyde resin powders, carbon black mixes and stirs for 3 parts, heat to 285 ℃ be forced into 1300 the crust, last 60 seconds.Expansion chamber the 1st joint pumps into 30 parts of the Graphite Powder 99s of 400 order fineness, and 350 ℃ of the 2nd joint of temperature pumps into fineness 400 orders, 60 parts of the aluminium powders of purity 99%, 450 ℃ of temperature; Air in the expansion chamber is taken out, and changes nitrogen.Expanded wood grain stops 2 seconds kinds at the 1st, the 2nd joint respectively.Add static pressure 2000 crust after the compression molding, heat to 780 ℃ of clinkerings.Be high performance material, be applicable to aircraft industry.

Embodiment four: the expansion wood cement plate.Cross section 2 * 4mm, 50 parts of the wood fragments of lengthwise 50mm, stalk segment length 50mm, 50 parts, 10 parts of sawdust, 5 parts in 107 glue, 5 parts of 5011 urea-formaldehyde resins are heated to 220 ℃, and pressure 300 crust last 40 seconds; Stopping composition is 80 parts of No. 500 cement flours, and 20 parts in flyash, auxiliary agent are 0.05 part of ammonium chloride, 2 parts in calcium chloride; The sheet material that the discharging post moulding becomes improves 3～5 times than existing timber cement plate performance.

Embodiment five: fine foamed brick of carbon or wallboard.Cross section (1～3) * (5～10mm), 50 parts of lengthwise 50～80mm wood fragments, stalk straw segment length 50～80,50 parts, 5 parts of starch, 2 parts of pitches, 200 order wood charcoal powders are heated to 200 ℃ of pressure, 200 crust for 10 parts, expanded, compound with 100 parts of clay powders, be molded into fragment of brick or wallboard after, pack in the fire-resistant mould casket, 1200 ℃ fuse.The fragment of brick unit weight of gained is 300～350Kg/m, and is lighter five times than common brick, and ultimate compression strength is 400Kg/Cm, improves 2～3 times, and ultimate compression strength 200Kg/Cm improves 6～10 times, and good heat-proof quality is arranged.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of matrix material that expanded timber is filled, it is characterized in that the kapillary in the timber sharply expands, and then filler, auxiliary agent charge into and are compound, in this composite wood, timber or modification or partially modified, or carbonization or partially carbonized, filler is the fine powder of plastics, pottery, metal, carbon, additional filler is mudstone material, waste residue powder.

2, a kind of method of producing the described matrix material of claim 1 is characterized in that utilizing the detonation power of high pressure gas that the capillary bore of timber is expanded, and makes filler, auxiliary agent and then charge into the timber pore, and it comprises following eight processing steps:

(1) gets the raw materials ready: timber is prepared into disentegrated particles, is particulate state, wood wool shape, wood shavings shape;

(2) dip-coating tackiness agent, auxiliary agent;

(3) charging: the wood fragments weighing is packed in the high pressure vessel, in the expansion chamber that filler, auxiliary agent pump into high pressure vessel links to each other;

(4) intensification pressurization: be warming up to 160-285 ℃, be forced into the 30-1500 crust, heat up pressurization cumulative time 20-120 second, expansion chamber is preheated to 20-450 ℃;

(5) expanded one is compound: open the high pressure vessel valve in second at 0.01-0.5, expansion chamber is gone in wood fragments detonation, with the filler crash response, the reaction times is 0.5-4 second, opens bleeder valve then;

(6) gather materials: the compound material of many bulking machine outputs, come together in 1,000 collecting bins and maintain, wait to concentrate the consumption that can be made into a product after, carry press immediately;

(7) compression moulding: can touch pressure to extruded composite material, roll-in or extrusion molding;

(8) aftertreatment: formed material is taked different stable or enhanced treatment measures by different requirements.

3, matrix material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that taking advantage of timber expanded when, filling polyvinyl chloride, or polyethylene, or stupid ethene, or acrylic plastering, additional filler is ore powder, waste residue powder, makes wood and plastic composite.

4, matrix material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that material earlier compound, after therefrom generate the carbon fiber reinforced materials of carbon fibre.

5, method according to claim 2, when it is characterized in that implementing process (5), make expansion wood and 1～3 second of carbon dust collision that is heated to 300 ℃～360 ℃ earlier, then, or with the synthetic resin moulding compound collision that is preheating to 20～80 ℃, or with the powder collision discharging in 1～3 second that is preheating to 200～500 ℃ metal or pottery, compression moulding.Produce the carbon fibre therefrom and increase material.

6, the raw material timber of matrix material according to claim 1 is stem skin, stalk straw, shell, coring, flower, the leaf of plant.

7, according to claim 2 and 5 described methods, it is characterized in that preparing 1.552mm, 100 parts of lengthwise 15mm linden long grains, water ratio 18%, 5 parts of powdered phenol-formaldehyde resins, 2 parts of carbon blacks mix and stir, and 100 ℃ are incubated 0.5 hour, be warmed to 285 ℃, it is expanded to be pressurized to 1200 crust.Expansion chamber's first segment pumps into 30 parts in the black powder of stone, fineness 600 orders, and 350 ℃ of purity 99%, temperature, second joint pumps into 60 parts in polyoxymethylene powder, 0.3 part in 30 ℃, No. 330 oxidation inhibitor of temperature.Mixture respectively reacts discharging in 2～3 seconds at the 1.2nd joint, after the compression molding, add static pressure 300～500 crust and make electric arteries and veins and handle, the fine polyoxymethylene composite plastic of the carbon of making therefrom.

8, method according to claim 2,50 parts of wood fragments, the water ratio 25% that it is characterized in that preparing cross section 2 * 4mm lengthwise 50mm heated expanded to 220 ℃, pressure 300 crust, filler is that 80 parts of No. 500 cement flours, 20 parts in additional filler flyash, auxiliary agent are 0.05 part of ammonium chloride, 2 parts in calcium chloride, be molded into plate, be expanded wooden cement composite board.

9, method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that getting cross section (1～3) * (5～7) mm, 50 parts of lengthwise 50～80mm cutting weedtrees, stalk straw segment length 50～80mm50 part, 3 parts of pitches of starch are heated to 200 ℃, pressure 200 crust for 2 parts, expanded, compound by 100 parts of fillings of clay powder, touch be pressed into fragment of brick or wallboard after, the fire-resistant mould casket of packing into, 1200 ℃ are burnt, and make fine foamed brick of carbon or wallboard.

10, the device expansion chamber inner chamber of expansion wood according to claim 2 is characterized in that the bulb-shaped for rotating curve formation, is 1 joint or multi-section serial.

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