CN106500460A - 天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置及方法 - Google Patents
天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置及方法,包括依次连接的液化冷箱、第一节流阀、脱氮塔、第二节流阀、脱氮塔重沸器、脱氮塔回流罐、脱氮塔回流泵、氮气提浓塔、氮气提浓塔底泵、脱氮冷箱、氮气循环压缩机、冷却器、第三节流阀、氮气提浓塔回流罐。本发明在天然气液化过程中利用外部冷剂采用精馏方法脱除天然气中的氮气,实现液化天然气中氮气含量≤1%,并对脱除的氮气进行提纯至≥99.9%,可用作为氮气使用。本发明的氮气脱除效果好、回收氮气纯度高,不但有利于后续液化天然气储存安全,有效避免液化天然气翻滚,满足了液化天然气储存的需要,也实现了氮气回收利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置及方法,尤其是一种用于大型天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置及方法。
背景技术
随着我国环境保护标准的提高和能源结构调整的要求,液化天然气(LNG)作为清洁能源得到了迅猛发展。LNG的广泛使用对保护生态环境、优化能源结构,实现国民经济和社会可持续发展,具有重要的经济效益和社会意义。
在LNG产业链中,LNG一般以饱和液体形态储存于绝热储罐中,因此天然气液化和LNG储存是重要的两个环节。当LNG中氮气含量过高时,容易引发LNG储罐内的翻滚事故,不同密度层的LNG在储罐内迅速上下翻动混合,瞬间产生大量气化气的现象。此时罐内LNG的气化量为平时自然蒸发量的10~50倍,将导致储罐内的气压迅速上升并超过设定的安全压力,使储罐出现超压现象。如果不及时通过安全阀排放,就可能造成储罐的机械损伤,除了带来经济上的损失及环境污染,还存在安全风险。国家标准GB/T 19024-2003《液化天然气的一般特性》中明确指出“预防此类型翻滚的最好方法是保持LNG的含氮量低于1%,并且密切监测气化速率”。
因此,设计一种天然气液化过程中将脱除的氮气脱除进行提纯的工艺装置及方法势在必行。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种氮气脱除效果好、回收氮气纯度高的天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置及方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置,包括液化冷箱、第一节流阀、脱氮塔、第二节流阀、脱氮塔重沸器、脱氮塔回流罐、脱氮塔回流泵、氮气提浓塔、氮气提浓塔底泵、脱氮冷箱、氮气循环压缩机、冷却器、第三节流阀、氮气提浓塔回流罐;
所述液化冷箱、第一节流阀、脱氮塔上部入口依次通过管道连接;
所述脱氮塔顶部出口、液化冷箱、脱氮塔回流罐、脱氮塔回流泵、脱氮塔顶部回流口依次通过管道连接;脱氮塔底部出口、液化冷箱、第二节流阀依次通过管道连接;脱氮塔下部出口、脱氮塔重沸器、脱氮塔下部入口依次通过管道连接;
所述脱氮塔回流罐顶部出口与氮气提浓塔下部入口通过管道连接;
所述氮气提浓塔底部出口、氮气提浓塔底泵、脱氮塔顶部回流口依次通过管道连接;氮气提浓塔顶部出口、脱氮冷箱、氮气循环压缩机、冷却器依次通过管道连接;
所述冷却器、脱氮冷箱、第三节流阀、氮气提浓塔回流罐、氮气提浓塔顶部回流口依次通过管道连接;
所述氮气提浓塔回流罐顶部出口与脱氮冷箱通过管道连接;
作为改进,所述脱氮塔和/或氮气提浓塔为板式塔或填料塔。
本发明还公开了一种天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步、将经脱硫、脱碳、脱水、脱重烃后的含氮气的天然气经液化冷箱冷凝后经管道去第一节流阀节流降压,再经管道进入脱氮塔上部进行精馏脱除天然气中的氮气;其中,脱氮塔底部液相(即脱出了氮气的液化天然气)经管道进入液化冷箱冷却,经管道去第二节流阀节流降压后经管道至下一步工序储存;脱氮塔下部液相经管道进入脱氮塔重沸器加热后经管道返回脱氮塔下部入口,进行控制脱氮塔底液相中氮气的含量;富含氮气的天然气从脱氮塔顶部出口经管道进入液化冷箱进一步冷却;
第二步、经液化冷箱冷却后的富含氮气的天然气经管道进入脱氮塔回流罐进行气液分离;其中:分离后的液相经管道至脱氮塔回流泵增压后经管道至脱氮塔顶部回流口作为回流,分离后的气相经管道进入氮气提浓塔下部入口,进行提纯氮气;
第三步、氮气提浓塔底部液相经管道去氮气提浓塔底泵增压后,经管道与来自管道的液相混合后至脱氮塔顶部回流口作为回流;氮气提浓塔顶部气相依次经管道去脱氮冷箱复热、经管道去氮气循环压缩机增压、经管道冷却器冷却,经管道后进入脱氮冷箱全部冷凝后再经管道去第三节流阀节流降压;
第四步、经第三节流阀节流后的液相经管道进入氮气提浓塔回流罐进行气液分离;其中:分离后的液相经管道进入氮气提浓塔顶部回流口作为回流,分离后的气相(即提纯氮气)经管道进入脱氮冷箱复热后经管道至下一步工序;
第五步、低温冷剂进入液化冷箱补充所需冷量,低温冷剂经管道复热后经管道去冷剂制冷循环的下一步工序处理;
第六步、低温冷剂进入脱氮冷箱补充所需冷量,低温冷剂经管道复热后至经管道去冷剂制冷循环的下一步工序处理。
本发明的有益效果在于:在天然气液化过程中利用外部冷剂采用精馏方法脱除天然气中的氮气,实现液化天然气中氮气含量≤1%,且从天然气中脱除的氮气提纯后的纯度≥99.9%,可作为氮气供工厂使用;利用脱氮冷箱实现装置内能量的充分交换,减少了外加冷源,降低了投资、实现了节能降耗;本发明氮气脱除效果好、回收氮气纯度高,不但有利于后续液化天然气储存安全,有效避免液化天然气翻滚,满足了液化天然气储存的需要,也实现的氮气回收利用。
附图说明
图1为本发明天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置的系统原理示意图;
图中:1、管道;2、液化冷箱;3、管道;4、第一节流阀;5、管道;6、脱氮塔;7、管道;8、管道;9、管道;10、第二节流阀;11、管道;12、管道;13、脱氮塔重沸器;14、管道;15、管道;16、脱氮塔回流罐;17、管道;18、管道;19、脱氮塔回流泵;20、管道;21、氮气提浓塔;22、管道;23、氮气提浓塔底泵;24、管道;25、管道;26、脱氮冷箱;27、管道;28、氮气循环压缩机;29、管道;30、冷却器;31、管道;32、管道;33、第三节流阀;34、管道;35、氮气提浓塔回流罐;36、管道;37、管道;38、管道;39、管道;40、管道;41、管道;42、管道。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细说明。
如图1所示,本发明天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置,包括液化冷箱2、第一节流阀4、脱氮塔6、第二节流阀10、脱氮塔重沸器13、脱氮塔回流罐16、脱氮塔回流泵19、氮气提浓塔21、氮气提浓塔底泵23、脱氮冷箱26、氮气循环压缩机28、冷却器30、第三节流阀33、氮气提浓塔回流罐35;
所述液化冷箱2、第一节流阀4、脱氮塔6上部入口依次通过管道3、5连接;
所述脱氮塔6顶部出口、液化冷箱2、脱氮塔回流罐16、脱氮塔回流泵19、脱氮塔6顶部回流口依次通过管道7、15、18、20连接;脱氮塔6底部出口、液化冷箱2、第二节流阀10依次通过管道8、9连接;脱氮塔6下部出口、脱氮塔重沸器13、脱氮塔6下部入口依次通过管道12、14连接;
所述脱氮塔回流罐16顶部出口与氮气提浓塔21下部入口通过管道17连接;
所述氮气提浓塔21底部出口、氮气提浓塔底泵23、脱氮塔6顶部回流口依次通过管道22、24连接;氮气提浓塔21顶部出口、脱氮冷箱26、氮气循环压缩机28、冷却器30依次通过管道25、27、29连接;
所述冷却器30、脱氮冷箱26、第三节流阀33、氮气提浓塔回流罐35、氮气提浓塔21顶部回流口依次通过管道31、32、34、37连接;
所述氮气提浓塔回流罐35顶部出口与脱氮冷箱26通过管道36连接;
所述脱氮塔和氮气提浓塔为板式塔或填料塔。
本发明的天然气液化过程中氮气脱除和提纯方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步、将来自管道1的经脱硫、脱碳、脱水、脱重烃后的含氮气的天然气(2000kPa.a~5500kPa.a)进入液化冷箱2冷却至-140~-125℃,再经管道3去第一节流阀4节流降压至400kPa.a~600kPa.a后,经管道5进入脱氮塔6上部进行精馏脱除氮气,其中:脱氮塔6底部液相(即脱除了氮气的液化天然气)经管道8进入液化冷箱2冷却至-160~-140℃,经管道9去第二节流阀10节流降压至120kPa.a~160kPa.a经管道11至下一步工序储存;脱氮塔6下部液相经管道12进入脱氮塔重沸器13加热后经管道14返回脱氮塔6下部入口,进行控制脱氮塔6底部液相中氮气的含量≤1%;富含氮气的天然气从脱氮塔6顶部出口经管道7进入液化冷箱2进一步冷却至-160~-140℃;
第二步、经液化冷箱2冷却至-160~-140℃的富含氮气的天然气经管道15进入脱氮塔回流罐16进行气液分离,其中:分离后的液相经管道18至脱氮塔回流泵19增压至500kPa.a~750kPa.a后,经管道20至脱氮塔6顶部回流口作为回流;分离后的气相经管道17进入氮气提浓塔21下部入口,进行提纯氮气;
第三步、氮气提浓塔21底部液相经管道22去氮气提浓塔底泵23增压至500kPa.a~750kPa.a后,经管道24与来自管道20的液相混合至脱氮塔6顶部回流口作为回流;氮气提浓塔21顶部气相依次经管道25去脱氮冷箱26复热至-30~40℃,经管道27去氮气循环压缩机28增压至3500kPa.a~5500kPa.a,经管道29去冷却器30冷却至40~50℃后,经管道31进入脱氮冷箱26全部冷凝至-160~-145℃,再经管道32去第三节流阀33节流降压至350kPa.a~550kPa.a;
第四步、经第三节流阀33节流至350kPa.a~550kPa.a后,经管道34进入氮气提浓塔回流罐35进行气液分离,其中:分离后的液相经管道37进入氮气提浓塔21顶部回流口作为回流;分离后的气相(即提纯氮气)经管道36进入脱氮冷箱26复热至30~40℃后经管道38至下一步工序;
第五步、低温冷剂(-160~-150℃)进入液化冷箱2补充所需冷量,低温冷剂经管道39复热至30~40℃后经管道40去冷剂制冷循环的下一步工序处理;
第六步、低温冷剂(-160~-150℃)进入脱氮冷箱26补充所需冷量,低温冷剂经管道41复热至30~40℃后经管道42去冷剂制冷循环的下一步工序处理。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置,其特征在于:包括液化冷箱(2)、第一节流阀(4)、脱氮塔(6)、第二节流阀(10)、脱氮塔重沸器(13)、脱氮塔回流罐(16)、脱氮塔回流泵(19)、氮气提浓塔(21)、氮气提浓塔底泵(23)、脱氮冷箱(26)、氮气循环压缩机(28)、冷却器(30)、第三节流阀(33)、氮气提浓塔回流罐(35);
所述液化冷箱(2)、第一节流阀(4)、脱氮塔(6)上部入口依次通过管道(3、5)连接;
所述脱氮塔(6)顶部出口、液化冷箱(2)、脱氮塔回流罐(16)、脱氮塔回流泵(19)、脱氮塔(6)顶部回流口依次通过管道(7、15、18、20)连接;脱氮塔(6)底部出口、液化冷箱(2)、第二节流阀(10)依次通过管道(8、9)连接;脱氮塔(6)下部出口、脱氮塔重沸器(13)、脱氮塔(6)下部入口依次通过管道(12、14)连接;
所述脱氮塔回流罐(16)顶部出口与氮气提浓塔(21)下部入口通过管道(17)连接;
所述氮气提浓塔(21)底部出口、氮气提浓塔底泵(23)、脱氮塔(6)顶部回流口依次通过管道(22、24)连接;氮气提浓塔(21)顶部出口、脱氮冷箱(26)、氮气循环压缩机(28)、冷却器(30)依次通过管道(25、27、29)连接;
所述冷却器(30)、脱氮冷箱(26)、第三节流阀(33)、氮气提浓塔回流罐(35)、氮气提浓塔(21)顶部回流口依次通过管道(31、32、34、37)连接;
所述氮气提浓塔回流罐(35)顶部出口与脱氮冷箱(26)通过管道(36)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置,其特征在于:所述脱氮塔和/或氮气提浓塔为板式塔或填料塔。
3.一种应用权利要求1所述的天然气液化过程中氮气脱除并提纯装置的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
第一步、将经脱硫、脱碳、脱水、脱重烃后的含氮气的天然气经液化冷箱(2)冷凝后经管道(3)去第一节流阀(4)节流降压,再经管道(5)进入脱氮塔(6)上部脱除天然气中的氮气;脱氮塔(6)底部液相经管道(8)进入液化冷箱(2)冷却,经管道(9)去第二节流阀(10)节流降压后经管道(11)至下一步工序储存;脱氮塔(6)下部液相经管道(12)进入脱氮塔重沸器(13)加热后经管道(14)返回脱氮塔(6)下部入口;富含氮气的天然气从脱氮塔(6)顶部出口经管道(7)进入液化冷箱(2)进一步冷却;
第二步、经液化冷箱(2)冷却后的富含氮气的天然气经管道(15)进入脱氮塔回流罐(16)进行气液分离;分离后的液相经管道(18)至脱氮塔回流泵(19)增压后经管道(20)至脱氮塔(6)顶部回流口,分离后的气相经管道(17)进入氮气提浓塔(21)下部入口;
第三步、氮气提浓塔(21)底部液相经管道(22)去氮气提浓塔底泵(23)增压后,经管道(24)与来自管道(20)的液相混合后至脱氮塔(6)顶部回流口;氮气提浓塔(21)顶部气相依次经管道(25)去脱氮冷箱(26)复热、经管道(27)去氮气循环压缩机(28)增压、经管道(29)冷却器(30)冷却,经管道(31)后进入脱氮冷箱(26)全部冷凝后再经管道(32)去第三节流阀(33)节流降压;
第四步、经第三节流阀(33)节流后的液相经管道(34)进入氮气提浓塔回流罐(35)进行气液分离;分离后的液相经管道(37)进入氮气提浓塔(21)顶部回流口,分离后的气相经管道(36)进入脱氮冷箱(26)复热后经管道(38)至下一步工序;
第五步、低温冷剂进入液化冷箱(2)补充所需冷量,低温冷剂经管道(39)复热后经管道(40)去冷剂制冷循环的下一步工序处理;
第六步、低温冷剂进入脱氮冷箱(26)补充所需冷量,低温冷剂经管道(41)复热后至经管道(42)去冷剂制冷循环的下一步工序处理。
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