CN213020534U - 一种氦气回收系统 - Google Patents

一种氦气回收系统 Download PDF

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CN213020534U
CN213020534U CN202021512243.0U CN202021512243U CN213020534U CN 213020534 U CN213020534 U CN 213020534U CN 202021512243 U CN202021512243 U CN 202021512243U CN 213020534 U CN213020534 U CN 213020534U
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flow channel
natural gas
cooling flow
helium
refrigerant
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张留瑜
薛永攀
胡飞
齐发
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Hefei Wanhao Energy Equipment Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/028—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases
    • F25J3/029—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases of helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle

Abstract

本实用新型提供一种氦气回收系统，包括主换热器以及与所述主换热器内部流道连通的制冷循环机构、精馏塔、气液分离装置，所述主换热器内设置有天然气第一冷却流道、天然气第二冷却流道、天然气第三冷却流道、天然气第四冷却流道以及氦气复热流道；所述精馏塔的顶部和底部均设置有出口，底部出口端与所述天然气第三冷却流道的进口端连通，顶部出气口与所述天然气第四冷却流道的进口端连通；所述气液分离装置的顶部和底部均设置有出口，顶部出气口与所述氦气复热流道的进口端连通。本实用新型氦气回收系统，能够安全高效的从含氦的天然气中回收提取氦气，降低成本、节约能耗的同时，简化了氦气回收提取的工艺流程，提高了氦气回收的经济价值。

Description

一种氦气回收系统
技术领域
本实用新型涉及气体分离技术领域，具体涉及一种氦气回收系统。
背景技术
氦气是不可再生的资源，在自然界中的含量极少，由于其独特的物理性质，在半导体生产、航空航天、光电子等行业有着广泛的应用。但是空气中氦气含量极少，无提氦价值，氦气主要存在于天然气中，有的地方天然气中氦气的含量高达8％，因此从天然气中提取氦是主要的工业来源。
目前，从含氦的天然气中提取氦气主要有四种方法，分别是深冷分离、膜分离、变压吸附以及水合物法，但是现有提取氦气的工艺方法流程复杂，能耗高，经济性低以及原料气利用率较低等问题。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种稳定性好、适用性强的氦气回收设备，简化氦气回收的工艺流程，提高氦气回收的经济价值。
为实现上述目的，本实用新型采用如下技术方案：
一种氦气回收系统，包括：
主换热器，所述主换热器内设置有天然气第一冷却流道、天然气第二冷却流道、天然气第三冷却流道、天然气第四冷却流道以及氦气复热流道，所述主换热器连接有制冷循环机构；
与所述天然气第一冷却流道连通的精馏塔，所述精馏塔的顶部和底部均设置有出口，底部出口与所述天然气第三冷却流道的进口端连通，顶部出气口与所述天然气第四冷却流道的进口端连通；以及
与所述天然气第四冷却流道的出口连通的气液分离装置，所述气液分离装置的顶部和底部均设置有出口，顶部出气口与所述氦气复热流道的进口端连通。
进一步地，所述制冷循环机构包括：
设置在所述主换热器内的制冷剂第一冷却流道、制冷剂第二冷却流道、制冷剂第一复热流道、制冷剂第二复热流道以及制冷剂第三复热流道；
与所述制冷剂第一冷却流道进口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道出口端连通的氮气压缩装置；
与所述制冷剂第一冷却流道的出口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道的进口端连通的一级膨胀装置；以及
与所述制冷剂第二冷却流道出口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道进口端连通的二级膨胀装置。
进一步地，所述天然气第一冷却流道与天然气第二冷却流道之间设置有冷却装置。
进一步地，所述制冷剂第一复热流道与制冷剂第二复热流道之间设置有复热装置。
优选地，所述天然气第二冷却流道出口端与所述精馏塔的连接管路上设置有节流阀一，所述精馏塔的底部出口与所述天然气第三冷却流道的进口的连接管路上设置有节流阀二。
本实用新型氦气回收系统，能够安全高效的从含氦的天然气中回收提取氦气，本系统具有操作简单方便、运行可靠、降低成本、节约能耗的优点，简化了氦气回收提取的工艺流程，提高了氦气回收的经济价值。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的整体结构示意图；
图中：1、主换热器；11、天然气第一冷却流道；12、天然气第二冷却流道；13、天然气第三冷却流道；14、天然气第四冷却流道；15、氦气复热流道；2、制冷循环机构；21、制冷剂第一冷却流道；22、制冷剂第二冷却流道；23、制冷剂第一复热流道；24、制冷剂第二复热流道；25、制冷剂第三复热流道；26、氮气压缩装置；27、一级膨胀装置；28、二级膨胀装置；3、精馏塔；4、气液分离装置；5、冷却装置；6、复热装置；7、节流阀一；8、节流阀二。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本实用新型的一种优选实施方式做详细的说明。
如图1所示的氦气回收系统及方法，包括主换热器1以及与所述主换热器内部流道连通的制冷循环机构2、精馏塔3、气液分离装置4，所述主换热器内设置有天然气第一冷却流道11、天然气第二冷却流道12、天然气第三冷却流道13、天然气第四冷却流道14以及氦气复热流道15；所述精馏塔的顶部和底部均设置有出口，底部出口与所述天然气第三冷却流道的进口端连通，顶部出气口与所述天然气第四冷却流道的进口端连通；所述气液分离装置的顶部和底部均设置有出口，顶部出口与所述氦气复热流道的进口端连通。
本优选实施例所述的制冷循环机构2包括设置在所述主换热器内的制冷剂第一冷却流道21、制冷剂第二冷却流道22、制冷剂第一复热流道23、制冷剂第二复热流道24以及制冷剂第三复热流道25；与所述制冷剂第一冷却流道进口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道出口端连通的氮气压缩装置26；与所述制冷剂第一冷却流道的出口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道的进口端连通的一级膨胀装置27；以及与所述制冷剂第二冷却流道出口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道进口端连通的二级膨胀装置28。
氮膨胀制冷工艺通过氮气压缩机26、一级膨胀机27和二级膨胀机28的进、出口均与主换热器1相连通，形成制冷循环，具体流程如下：
氮气经过氮气压缩机增压至3.6Mpa后进入所述制冷剂第一冷却流道先被冷却至-40℃，然后分为两股，一股高压氮气进入一级膨胀装置进行膨胀降温至-146℃，另一股高压氮气在制冷剂第二冷却流道中进一步被冷却至-104℃后进入二级膨胀装置进行膨胀降温至-189℃，然后在制冷剂第一复热流道中被加热至-186℃后进入复热装置被加热至-176℃；
被加热后的低温冷剂再次经过制冷剂第二复热流道被加热至-146℃后与一级膨胀装置出口的-146℃的低温冷剂混合进入制冷剂第三复热流道复热至16℃后回到氮气压缩机的入口，完成制冷循环。
为了提高系统的工作和能量利用效率，本优选实施例所述的天然气第一冷却流道与第二冷却流道之间设置有冷却装置5；所述的制冷剂第一复热流道与制冷剂第二复热流道之间设置有复热装置6；所述的天然气第二冷却流道出口与所述精馏塔的连接管路上设置有节流阀一7，所述精馏塔的底部出口与所述天然气第三冷却流道的进口的连接管路上设置有节流阀二8。
在具体的使用中，通过本实用新型所述的氦气回收系统的具体步骤如下：
天然气原料气通过压缩机增压至4.1MPa后进入主换热器中的天然气第一冷却流道，先在天然气第一冷却流道中被冷却至-40℃，然后在冷却装置中冷却至-73℃，再经过天然气第二冷却流道冷却至-112℃；
经过冷却后的原料气通过节流阀一减压至2.1MPa后进入精馏塔中，原料气在塔顶冷凝器中进一步冷却至-156℃，塔顶冷凝器的冷源由复热装置提供；其中液相组分作为回流液回流至精馏塔的底部再沸器，塔底再沸器热源由冷却装置提供，塔底再沸器的液化天然气被加热至-110℃后经节流阀二节流降压至0.2MPa，并进入天然气第三冷却流道被冷却至-160℃得到LNG产品；氦气、氮气等不凝性气体组分则进入主换热器中的天然气第四冷却流道冷却至-185℃，进入低温气液分离装置4分离出粗制液氮产品和粗制氦气产品；
粗制氦气进入氦气复热流道为主换热器提供冷量，被复热至25℃左右作为粗制氦气产品储存或进一步提纯。
以上所述实施方式仅仅是对本实用新型的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本实用新型的范围进行限定，在不脱离本实用新型设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本实用新型的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本实用新型的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种氦气回收系统，其特征在于，包括：
主换热器(1)，所述主换热器内设置有天然气第一冷却流道(11)、天然气第二冷却流道(12)、天然气第三冷却流道(13)、天然气第四冷却流道(14)以及氦气复热流道(15)，所述主换热器连接有制冷循环机构(2)；
与所述天然气第一冷却流道连通的精馏塔(3)，所述精馏塔的顶部和底部均设置有出口，底部出口与所述天然气第三冷却流道的进口端连通，顶部出气口与所述天然气第四冷却流道的进口端连通；以及
与所述天然气第四冷却流道的出口连通的气液分离装置(4)，所述气液分离装置的顶部和底部均设置有出口，顶部出气口与所述氦气复热流道的进口端连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氦气回收系统，其特征在于，所述制冷循环机构(2)包括：
设置在所述主换热器内的制冷剂第一冷却流道(21)、制冷剂第二冷却流道(22)、制冷剂第一复热流道(23)、制冷剂第二复热流道(24)以及制冷剂第三复热流道(25)；
与所述制冷剂第一冷却流道进口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道出口端连通的氮气压缩装置(26)；
与所述制冷剂第一冷却流道的出口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道的进口端连通的一级膨胀装置(27)；以及
与所述制冷剂第二冷却流道出口端以及制冷剂第三复热流道进口端连通的二级膨胀装置(28)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种氦气回收系统，其特征在于，所述天然气第一冷却流道(11)与天然气第二冷却流道(12)之间设置有冷却装置(5)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种氦气回收系统，其特征在于，所述制冷剂第一复热流道(23)与制冷剂第二复热流道(24)之间设置有复热装置(6)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种氦气回收系统，其特征在于，所述天然气第二冷却流道(12)的出口端与所述精馏塔的连接管路上设置有节流阀一(7)，所述精馏塔(3)的底部出口与所述天然气第三冷却流道(13)的进口的连接管路上设置有节流阀二(8)。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111928574A (zh) * 2020-07-27 2020-11-13 合肥万豪能源设备有限责任公司 一种氦气回收系统及方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111928574A (zh) * 2020-07-27 2020-11-13 合肥万豪能源设备有限责任公司 一种氦气回收系统及方法

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