CN106500459A - 一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺 - Google Patents

一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺 Download PDF

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CN106500459A
CN106500459A CN201610969687.9A CN201610969687A CN106500459A CN 106500459 A CN106500459 A CN 106500459A CN 201610969687 A CN201610969687 A CN 201610969687A CN 106500459 A CN106500459 A CN 106500459A
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穆云飞
龚晓科
赵阳
王安胜
幸涛
陈宏伟
唐刚
王婷
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YINCHUAN TIANJIA ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，其设备包括节流阀、预冷换热器、主冷换热器上、重烃分离罐、主冷换热器下、气液分离器、冷剂气液分离罐、过冷换热器；其中，预冷换热器和主冷换热器上通过管道连接；主冷换热器上和重烃分离罐、主冷换热器下通过管道连接；重烃分离罐和主冷换热器下通过管道连接；主冷换热器下和气液分离器、冷剂气液分离罐通过管道连接；气液分离器和过冷换热器通过管道连接。有益效果为：结构合理、工艺简单、能耗低、设备投资少、制冷效果好，对混合制冷剂进行了循环利用，多个冷却环节科学的互相结合，依次进行，较好地实现了实际生产过程中的需求。

Description

一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种制冷工艺，具体涉及一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺。
背景技术：
天然气是一种优质洁净的化石能源，天然气经过液化后，体积只有原来的1/625，因而便于储存与运输、与管道气相比，液化天然气在零散气田、边际气田的开发、煤层气的利用、海上天然气的开发利用和海外天然气的引进等方面，有着不可替代的作用。
现在，主要的的天然气液化方式有有阶式制冷循环工艺、混合制冷循环工艺和膨胀制冷循环工艺等。阶式制冷循环是用丙烷(或丙烯)、乙烷(或乙烯)、甲烷(或氮气)等制冷剂(蒸发温度分别为-38℃、-85℃、-160℃)进行的三级冷冻；使天然气在多个温度等级的制冷剂中与相应的制冷剂换热，从而使其冷却和液化；混合制冷剂制冷循环是采用N2和C1--C5烃类混合物作为循环制冷剂的工艺；带膨胀机制冷循环是指利用高压制冷剂通过透平膨胀机绝热膨胀的克劳德循环制冷来实现天然气的液化，带膨胀机制冷循环可分为：氮膨胀机制冷循环、氮——甲烷膨胀机制冷循环。
其中，阶式制冷循环工艺需要三个大型循环压缩机，以及相当数量的冷换设备，流程长、设备多、控制复杂；混合制冷循环工艺要使整个液化过程(从常温到-162℃)所需的冷量与冷剂所提供的冷量完全匹配是比较困难的，充其量只能局部或部分微到贴近冷却曲线；而膨胀制冷循环工艺往往有着工艺复杂、耗能大、成本高、不易操作等不足之处。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于解决已有制冷工艺的不足之处，提供一种结构合理、工艺简单、能耗低、设备投资少、制冷效果好，对混合制冷剂进行了循环利用，多个冷却环节科学的互相结合，依次进行，较好地实现实际生产过程中的需求的应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明的一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，包括以下步骤：二氟一氯甲烷气体经过压缩机单元压缩后，通过节流阀节流降温，作为冷源进入到预冷换热器上中，对原料天然气和混合制冷剂进行初步冷却；
混合制冷剂经过压缩机单元压缩后，进入预冷换热器进行初步冷却，之后进入主冷换热器上和主冷换热器下中进一步冷却，从主冷换热器下出来之后，通过节流阀节流降温，进入到冷剂气液分离罐，分为气相和液相两路分别回到主冷换热器下中，作为主冷源，为原料天然气提供冷量；
分别进入的两股混合制冷剂在进入后重新汇成一股依次通过到主冷换热器上和主冷换热器下，提供冷量，之后返回到混合制冷剂缓冲罐中，并依次按此路循环；
原料天然气首先进入预冷换热器，经过初步冷却后从预冷换热器进入主冷换热器上进行进一步冷却，然后进入重烃分离罐进行重烃分离，经过重烃分离的原料天然气继续进入到主冷换热器下中，从主冷换热器下出来之后进入气液分离器，进行气液分离、液相通过节流阀节流降温，返回到主冷换热器下中，气相进入过冷换热器中，从过冷换热器中出来后得到成品天然气。
该应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，步骤还包括过冷气从过冷换热器中产生后，依次通过主冷换热器下、主冷换热器上、预冷换热器，再通过节流阀节流降温后排出。
该应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，步骤还包括闪蒸气在气液分离器中产生后，通过节流阀节流降温后依次通过主冷换热器下、主冷换热器上、预冷换热器，最终进入闪蒸气储存罐。
该应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，其设备包括节流阀、预冷换热器、主冷换热器上、重烃分离罐、主冷换热器下、气液分离器、冷剂气液分离罐、过冷换热器；其中，预冷换热器和主冷换热器上通过管道连接；主冷换热器上和重烃分离罐、主冷换热器下通过管道连接；重烃分离罐和主冷换热器下通过管道连接；主冷换热器下和气液分离器、冷剂气液分离罐通过管道连接；气液分离器和过冷换热器通过管道连接。
本发明的有益效果在于：结构合理、工艺简单、能耗低、设备投资少、制冷效果好，对混合制冷剂进行了循环利用，多个冷却环节有效地互相结合，依次进行，较好地实现了实际生产过程中的需求。
附图说明：
图1：本发明的工艺流程示意图；
图中：1-节流阀、2-预冷换热器、3-主冷换热器上、4-重烃分离罐、5-主冷换热器下、6-气液分离器、7-冷剂气液分离罐、8-过冷换热器、A-原料天然气、B-闪蒸气、C-过冷气、D-混合制冷剂、E-二氟一氯甲烷。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明：
实施例：本实施例提供了一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，其具体实施步骤如下：
首先，二氟一氯甲烷E制冷剂经过压缩机压缩后通过管道通入预冷换热器2，该管道上安装有节流阀1，对二氟一氯甲烷E制冷剂进行节流降温，这样就为预冷换热器2提供了冷量，对原料天然气A和混合制冷剂D进行初步冷却；在预冷换热器2中经过热交换的二氟一氯甲烷E制冷剂直接排出，不再通入下一级制冷步骤；
混合制冷剂D则是直接通过管道通入预冷换热器2中，与二氟一氯甲烷E制冷剂进行热交换，进行初步冷却；然后再通过管道通入住冷换热器上3中，该管道上设置有节流阀1，对其进行节流降温；在主冷换热器上3中经过热交换的混合制冷剂D再次通过管道通入主冷换热器下5，该管道同样设置有节流阀1，对其进行节流降温；从主冷换热器下5中出来的混合制冷剂D再次经过节流阀1节流降温后通入冷剂气液分离罐7；在冷剂气液分离罐7中，混合制冷剂D被分离成气相和液相两个状态，分成两路返回到主冷换热器下5中，形成了主冷源，为整个工艺提供主要冷量；气相和液相两个状态的混合制冷剂D在主冷换热器下5中重新汇聚成一股，通过管道通入主冷换热器上3中，再次提供冷量；最后从主冷换热器上3中排出后，回到混合制冷剂缓冲罐中，并按照这个过程依次循环。
原料天然气A则是通过管道通入预冷换热器2中进行被二氟一氯甲烷E制冷剂初步冷却后；再通过管道通入主冷换热器上3，从主冷换热器上3出来后通入重烃分离罐4中进行重烃分离；经过重烃分离后的原料天然气A继续前行，通过管道后通入主冷换热器下5中进行主要冷却；在主冷换热器下5中被冷却的原料天然气A再次经过节流阀1的节流降温，通入气液分离器6；在气液分离器6中，原料天然气A的分离成气相和液相两种状态，分两路进入到过冷换热器8中，从过冷换热器8中排出后再次经过节流阀1的节流降温最终的到成品天然气LNG。
在以上步骤进行的过程中，同时在过冷换热器8中产生的过冷气C依次按照主冷换热器下5、主冷换热器上3、预冷换热器2、节流阀1的顺序排出冷却系统；在气液分离器6中产生的闪蒸器B依次按照节流阀1、主冷换热器下5、主冷换热器上3、预冷换热器2的顺序通入闪蒸器储存罐中。

Claims (4)

1.一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，其特征在于：该工艺包括以下步骤：
二氟一氯甲烷(E)气体经过压缩机单元压缩后，通过节流阀(1)节流降温，作为冷源进入到预冷换热器上(3)中，对原料天然气(A)和混合制冷剂(D)进行初步冷却；
混合制冷剂(D)经过压缩机单元压缩后，进入预冷换热器(2)进行初步冷却，之后进入主冷换热器上(3)和主冷换热器下(5)中进一步冷却，从主冷换热器下(5)出来之后，通过节流阀(1)节流降温，进入到冷剂气液分离罐(7)，分为气相和液相两路分别回到主冷换热器下(5)中，作为主冷源，为原料天然气(A)提供冷量；
分别进入的两股混合制冷剂在进入后重新汇成一股依次通过到主冷换热器上(3)和主冷换热器下(5)，提供冷量，之后返回到混合制冷剂缓冲罐中，并依次按此路循环；
原料天然气(A)首先进入预冷换热器(2)，经过初步冷却后从预冷换热器(2)进入主冷换热器上(3)进行进一步冷却，然后进入重烃分离罐(4)进行重烃分离，经过重烃分离的原料天然气(A)继续进入到主冷换热器下(5)中，从主冷换热器下(5)出来之后进入气液分离器(6)，进行气液分离、液相通过节流阀(1)节流降温，返回到主冷换热器下(5)中，气相进入过冷换热器(8)中，从过冷换热器(8)中出来后得到成品天然气。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，其特征在于：该工艺的步骤还包括：过冷气(C)从过冷换热器(8)中产生后，依次通过主冷换热器下(5)、主冷换热器上(3)、预冷换热器(2)，再通过节流阀(1)节流降温后排出。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，其特征在于：该工艺的步骤还包括闪蒸气(B)在气液分离器(6)中产生后，通过节流阀(1)节流降温后依次通过主冷换热器下(5)、主冷换热器上(3)、预冷换热器(2)，最终进入闪蒸气储存罐。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种应用于天然气深冷液化领域的混合制冷工艺，其特征在于：其设备包括节流阀(1)、预冷换热器(2)、主冷换热器上(3)、重烃分离罐(4)、主冷换热器下(5)、气液分离器(6)、冷剂气液分离罐(7)、过冷换热器(8)；其中，预冷换热器(2)和主冷换热器上(3)通过管道连接；主冷换热器上(3)和重烃分离罐(4)、主冷换热器下(5)通过管道连接；重烃分离罐(4)和主冷换热器下(5)通过管道连接；主冷换热器下(5)和气液分离器(6)、冷剂气液分离罐(7)通过管道连接；气液分离器(6)和过冷换热器(8)通过管道连接。
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