CN106496875A - 一种pvc木塑发泡材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种pvc木塑发泡材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106496875A
CN106496875A CN201611020557.7A CN201611020557A CN106496875A CN 106496875 A CN106496875 A CN 106496875A CN 201611020557 A CN201611020557 A CN 201611020557A CN 106496875 A CN106496875 A CN 106496875A
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龙尚发
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朱勇
陆初典
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Guangxi Warner New Material Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明一种PVC木塑发泡材料，包括以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂20‑70份、SG7型PVC树脂30‑80份、天然植物纤维10‑60份、纳米碳酸钙30‑80份、活性重质碳酸钙5‑30份、改性剂8‑40份、聚乙二醇0.3‑3份、G60型润滑剂0.5‑3份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂0.3‑2份、有机锡稳定剂2‑6份、发泡调节剂5‑10份、加工助剂1‑8份和复合发泡剂1‑3份。本发明提供的PVC木塑发泡材料的配方中各组份相容性好，具有优异的分散性及流动性使得材料有良好的加工性能，同时还具有优异的抗冲击性、拉伸强度、抗裂性、耐热性和韧性，市场前景广阔。

Description

一种PVC木塑发泡材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及木塑复合材料技术领域，具体是一种PVC木塑发泡材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
木塑复合材料是利用木粉、竹粉、果壳粉或农作物秸秆粉和塑料树脂或废旧塑料为主要原料,经高温混合、成型加工而制得的一种新型环保复合材料。木塑复合材料比原木材料有更好的耐老化性能、耐吸水性和耐翘曲性能，同时可以防虫蛀、抗腐蚀,无须防腐处理进而减少环境污染,且成本比纯木材或塑料低40～60％，可以被加工成各种空心型材,因此木塑复合材料被广泛应用于许多领域，是最具潜力的一种新型材料。
目前一般选用聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚烯烃如[聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)]、聚苯乙烯(PS)等树脂作为木塑复合材料的基体。其中以PVC为基体的木塑复合材料是国内外学者进行发泡研究的重点。但由于PVC树脂加工时需要添加多种助剂，发泡有一定困难，加入植物纤维成分后，树脂熔体粘度、制品刚度等都有增加，也进一步增加了PVC植物纤维复合材料的发泡难度。同时PVC 木塑复合板材中的PVC 树脂分子链结构中有大量的极性C-Cl 键,分子之间存在较大的作用力, 因此相对于其他通用树脂,PVC 属于硬脆材料, 冲击强度较低, 且具有缺口敏感性, 受外力冲击时易脆裂, 难以用作结构材料。这些缺点极大地限制了PVC 在高性能领域的发展, 为扩大其应用范围, 需要对硬质PVC 进行增韧改性。常用弹性体增韧剂虽然可以较好改善其抗冲击性能, 但同时会显著降低材料本身的刚性。此外，由于木塑复合材料中木粉或植物纤维是强极性亲水性的，但聚合物是非极性疏水性的，两者之间极性不相容且存在着较高的界面能差。因此，如何提高解决木粉和聚合物之间相容性及提高木塑材料的性能是当今研究的热点。
发明内容
本发明针对现有木塑复合材料存在的不足，提供一种各组分相容性高，且具有良好
的抗冲击性能、拉伸性能、耐候性能、加工性能好的PVC木塑发泡材料及其制备方法。
为了实现以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，包括以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂20-70份、SG7型PVC树脂30-80份、天然植物纤维10-60份、纳米碳酸钙30-80份、活性重质碳酸钙5-30份、改性剂8-40份、聚乙二醇0.3-3份、G60型润滑剂0.5-3份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂0.3-2份、有机锡稳定剂2-6份、发泡调节剂5-10份、加工助剂1-8份和复合发泡剂1-3份。
优选的，以上所述PVC木塑发泡材料中SG5型PVC树脂和SG7型PVC树脂的总份数为100份。
优选的，以上所述天然植物纤维为80-120目的木粉、竹粉、稻糠和农作物秸秆中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
优选的，以上所述纳米碳酸钙为比表面积15-22克/平方米的立体纳米碳酸钙。
优选的，以上所述活性重质碳酸钙的粒径为1250-2500目。
优选的，以上所述聚乙二醇的分子量为2000-6000。
优选的，以上所述改性剂为5-20份的EVA树脂和3-20份的ACM树脂的混合物。
优选的，以上所述发泡调节剂为LS-530发泡调节剂。
优选的，以上所述加工助剂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物。
优选的，以上所述复合发泡剂由以重量比为1-2：1的AC发泡剂和碳酸氢钠组成。
优选的，以上所述PVC木塑发泡材料还可根据需要加入适量的颜料。
所述PVC木塑发泡材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按照以上配方称取各原料，将天然植物纤维、纳米碳酸钙和活性重质碳酸钙加入高速搅拌机，搅拌均匀，升温至120℃时，加入聚乙二醇、有机锡稳定剂搅拌，升温至130℃，加入SG5型PVC树脂、SG7型PVC树脂及余下原料搅拌，升温至140℃时，将物料输送至低速搅拌机冷却至40℃，得到混合原料；
（2）将混合原料输送至平行双螺杆挤出机中，在温度为140-180℃下挤出成型，即得PVC木塑发泡材料。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点及有益效果为：
1、本发明提供的PVC木塑发泡材料的配方中各组份相容性好，具有优异的分散性及流动性使得材料有良好的加工性能，同时还具有优异的抗冲击性、拉伸强度、抗裂性、耐热性和韧性，解决了植物纤维与PVC树脂界面相容性差、产品性能较低的缺陷。
2、本发明配方将具有的良好的耐热性及塑化性能的SG5型PVC树脂和具有良好力学性及加工性能的SG7型良好加工流动性的PVC树脂两者组合互补，不仅可以赋予木塑发泡材料优异的加工性能和力学性能，还使木塑发泡材料具有良好的耐热性和韧性。
3、本发明应用立方体纳米碳酸钙的增强补韧性及活性重质碳酸钙的加工流动性，组合互补，可以提高木塑木塑发泡材料的韧性和加工流动性。
4、本发明使用具有优良抗冲性、流动性、铺展性、包覆粘接性、可发泡性的EVA树脂及具有优良抗冲性、加工性、抗冲性、加工性、力学性能的ACM树脂二者结合作为改性剂，提高了木塑复合材料的抗冲击性、拉伸强度、加工性能。
5、本发明加入分子量为2000-6000的聚乙二醇，不仅使得体系具有优异的分散性及流动性，减小加工过程中的动力消耗；还与植物纤维的相容性好，能降低植物纤维的吸水率，提高植物纤维与体系的粘接性，改善力学性能。
6、本发明使用马来酸接枝PE蜡作为增容剂，可提高各组分的相容性，提高体系的拉伸强度、冲击强度、加工流动性。
7、本发明使用的发泡调节剂熔体强度高、制品泡孔均匀、力学性好，使用的加工助剂，塑化均匀、加工性能优异，提高了木塑发泡材料的加工性能和力学性能。
8、本发明还具有原料来源广泛、环保安全、成本低，制备工艺简单、耗能低、效率高，容易实现工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明，但不限于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，包括以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂30份、SG7型PVC树脂70份、木粉40份、纳米碳酸钙30份、活性重质碳酸钙20份、EVA树脂8份、ACM树脂10份、聚乙二醇1.5份、G60型润滑剂0.5份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂1份、有机锡稳定剂4份、LS-530发泡调节剂8份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物加工助剂6份、AC发泡剂1份和碳酸氢钠1份。
实施例2
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，由以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂50份、SG7型PVC树脂50份、竹粉50份、纳米碳酸钙40份、活性重质碳酸钙15份、EVA树脂10份、ACM树脂15份、聚乙二醇2份、G60型润滑剂1.5份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂1.5份、有机锡稳定剂3份、LS-530发泡调节剂5份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物加工助剂4份、AC发泡剂0.5份和碳酸氢钠1份。
实施例3
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，由以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂60份、SG7型PVC树脂40份、稻糠30份、纳米碳酸钙50份、活性重质碳酸钙10份、EVA树脂5份、ACM树脂20份、聚乙二醇1份、G60型润滑剂2份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂0.5份、有机锡稳定剂5份、LS-530发泡调节剂6份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物加工助剂2份、AC发泡剂1.5份和碳酸氢钠1份。
实施例4
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，由以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂40份、SG7型PVC树脂60份、玉米秸秆60份、纳米碳酸钙70份、活性重质碳酸钙25份、EVA树脂15份、ACM树脂15份、聚乙二醇3份、G60型润滑剂2.5份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂2份、有机锡稳定剂6份、LS-530发泡调节剂10份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物加工助剂8份、AC发泡剂2份和碳酸氢钠1份。
实施例5
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，由以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂70份、SG7型PVC树脂30份、木粉20份、纳米碳酸钙60份、活性重质碳酸钙20份、EVA树脂12份、ACM树脂8份、聚乙二醇3份、G60型润滑剂3份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂0.8份、有机锡稳定剂4份、LS-530发泡调节剂7份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物加工助剂5份、AC发泡剂1份和碳酸氢钠1份。
实施例6
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，包括以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂55份、SG7型PVC树脂45份、竹粉10份、纳米碳酸钙30份、活性重质碳酸钙5份、EVA树脂5份、ACM树脂12份、聚乙二醇0.5份、G60型润滑剂2.5份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂0.3份、有机锡稳定剂2份、LS-530发泡调节剂5份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物加工助剂2份、颜料1份、AC发泡剂0.5份和碳酸氢钠0.5份。
实施例7
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，由以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂40份、SG7型PVC树脂60份、竹粉20份、稻糠30份、纳米碳酸钙80份、活性重质碳酸钙10份、EVA树脂20份、ACM树脂20份、聚乙二醇2.5份、G60型润滑剂2份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂1.5份、有机锡稳定剂3份、LS-530发泡调节剂6份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物加工助剂5份、AC发泡剂1.5份和碳酸氢钠1.5份。
实施例8
一种PVC木塑发泡材料，由以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂50份、SG7型PVC树脂50份、甘蔗粉25份、纳米碳酸钙45份、活性重质碳酸钙18份、EVA树脂10份、ACM树脂12份、聚乙二醇2份、G60型润滑剂1.5份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂1份、有机锡稳定剂5份、LS-530发泡调节剂7份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物加工助剂1份、AC发泡剂1.5份和碳酸氢钠1份。
实施例1-8所述PVC木塑发泡材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按照以上配方称取各原料，将天然植物纤维、纳米碳酸钙和活性重质碳酸钙加入高速搅拌机，搅拌均匀，升温至120℃时，加入聚乙二醇、有机锡稳定剂搅拌，升温至130℃，加入SG5型PVC树脂、SG7型PVC树脂及余下原料搅拌，升温至140℃时，放出物料至低速搅拌机冷却至40℃，得到混合原料；
（2）将混合原料输送至平行双螺杆挤出机中，挤出工艺为：一区温度为140-150℃，二区温度为150-160℃，三区温度为160-170℃，四区温度为170-180℃，挤出成型即得PVC木塑发泡材料。
实施例1-8制备的木塑发泡材料，用常规方法对其性能进行测试，测试结果如下表所示。
各例木塑发泡材料性能测试结果表
从上表可知，本发明制备的PVC木塑发泡材料具有优异的抗冲击性、拉伸强度、抗裂性、耐热性和韧性，市场前景广阔。

Claims (10)

1.一种PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：包括以下重量份数的原料：SG5型PVC树脂20-70份、SG7型PVC树脂30-80份、天然植物纤维10-60份、纳米碳酸钙30-80份、活性重质碳酸钙5-30份、改性剂8-40份、聚乙二醇0.3-3份、G60型润滑剂0.5-3份、马来酸接枝PE蜡增容剂0.3-2份、有机锡稳定剂2-6份、发泡调节剂5-10份、加工助剂1-8份和复合发泡剂1-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述PVC木塑发泡材料中SG5型PVC树脂和SG7型PVC树脂的总份数为100份。
3.根据权利要求1所述PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述天然植物纤维为80-120目的木粉、竹粉、稻糠和农作物秸秆中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述纳米碳酸钙为比表面积15-22克/平方米的立体纳米碳酸钙。
5.根据权利要求1所述PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述活性重质碳酸钙的粒径为1250-2500目。
6.根据权利要求1所述PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述改性剂为5-20份的EVA树脂和3-20份的ACM树脂的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述发泡调节剂为LS-530发泡调节剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述加工助剂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸酯共聚物。
9.根据权利要求1所述PVC木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述复合发泡剂由以重量比为1-2：1的AC发泡剂和碳酸氢钠组成。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种PVC木塑发泡材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（1）按照以上配方称取各原料，将天然植物纤维、纳米碳酸钙和活性重质碳酸钙加入高速搅拌机，搅拌均匀，升温至120℃时，加入聚乙二醇、有机锡稳定剂，搅拌，升温至130℃，加入SG5型PVC树脂、SG7型PVC树脂及余下原料，搅拌，升温至140℃时，将物料输送至低速搅拌机冷却至40℃，得到混合原料；
（2）将混合原料输送至平行双螺杆挤出机中，在温度为140-180℃下挤出成型，即得PVC木塑发泡材料。
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