CN106495727B - The method for preparing porous clay brick using black cotton regur soil - Google Patents
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0003—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof containing continuous channels, e.g. of the "dead-end" type or obtained by pushing bars in the green ceramic product
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- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods for preparing porous clay brick using black cotton regur soil.Black cotton regur soil is a kind of worldwide widely distributed tropical clay, mainly includes saponite, montmorillonite, the Yi-clay minerals such as illiteracy mixed-layer mineral and vermiculite.This patent is using black cotton regur soil as major ingredient, with natural volcanic ash etc. for auxiliary material, the porous clay brick of good mechanical performance is prepared for according to molding-demoulding-sintering process flow, can be used for construction material.Black cotton regur soil used in the invention is widely distributed, and is easy to acquire, at low cost, and product is made to have good economic benefit；Secondly, the preparation process is simple, raw materials used type is few, is remarkably improved production efficiency；Finally, the porous brick produced using the technique, mechanical property compression strength can reach the national standard of MU20 in GB13544-2000, and linear shrinkage ratio and water absorption rate are also tested.
Description
Technical field
It the present invention relates to the use of black cotton regur soil and prepare this technical process of porous clay brick.
Background technique
In recent years, the demand that building trade is rapidly developed to construction material is growing day by day.Clay brick is one kind by clay etc.
For primary raw material, pass through refractory material or strength materials made of firing.Clay brick raw materials for production are extensive, can gather materials on the spot.It is former
Material not only includes common clay mineral, such as: kaolinite, montmorillonite, Industrial Solid Waste can also be used as raw material.Clay tile product warp
It is durable long, and have the features such as fire prevention, moisture absorption, color is adjustable and corrosion resistance is excellent, it can be used for high-grade wall building.Clay brick
After use, aging becomes useless queen closer, can also make gathering materials for concrete.Therefore, clay brick is as common construction material, tool
There are applicability, economy, meet the requirement of green circulatory, is widely used in various engineering projects.But the production of clay brick and its
Product has the disadvantage that, such as: from great, energy consumption is high, and soundproof effect is poor, needs to be lost a large amount of arable lands, big etc. to environmental disruption.
For this reason, it is necessary to which the traditional handicraft to clay brick improves, raw material range is expanded, multiduty brick based article is developed.Sufficiently
Using clay mineral resource, while solving rejected material solid, high grade clay tile product is obtained.Currently, the positive court of fired brick
Lightweight, high intensity, porous brick, bulk direction develop.This patent is namely based on the burning process of clay brick, is making full use of
While discarded clay, the coordinated development of economics-environmental is realized, reduce energy consumption, mitigate resource and energy crisis.
Woods increasing et al. discusses sludge in " municipal sludge is that part material prepares vitrified bond common brick " text and contains
The influence to brick compression strength is measured, when sludge volume is 5%, clay brick compression strength is 15.0MPa, can be used as and holds
Weight brick body uses.Xiayang et al., using sludge as raw material, leads in " rivers sludge produces fired brick research of utilization " text
Traditional brickmaking technology is crossed, environment-friendly and energy-efficient fired brick is prepared.The best compression strength of performance is 31.6MPa, meets MU30 intensity
Class requirement, and average shrinkage ratio is lower than 7.5%, reaches high-class product fired brick standard.Ye Chang, Yan little Yan et al. " are utilizing soil
Build engineering excavation clay and prepare non-burning brick research " in using civil engineering excavation clay as filler material, fine sand is aggregate, and cement is
Cementitious material, manufactured non-burning brick mechanical property can reach MU20 grade in " non-sintered rubbish tailing-bricks ".Sun Tianhu et al. exists
In " research that iron ore mine prepares sintered perforated brick ", through test measure, be using the firing porous brick of iron ore mine it is feasible, by force
Degree grade can reach the requirement that 2000 standard moderate strength class of GB13544-is MU15.Chih-Huang Weng et al. exists
In " Utilization of sludge as brick materials " text, prepared using sludge substitution part of clay raw material
Ordinary sinter clay brick, compression strength reach about 15MPa.
This patent is using building roadbed high expansive clay-black cotton regur soil as the firing raw material of porous clay brick, using day
Right volcanic ash etc. is used as auxiliary material, by simple moulding process, can obtain high-intensitive porous clay brick.Black cotton regur soil is a kind of heat
With common aquation high expansive clay, all over the world to be distributed, such as: the 26% of India territory is all such clay more；It is non-
In continent, southern areas most of be all this kind of dilative soil, the ground such as Yunnan Province of China, Sichuan, Anhui, Henan, Guangxi, Guizhou Province
Also be distributed more.Black cotton regur soil is as engineering material, such as: roadbed, ground, dam ladder and other urban constructions then have centainly
Limitation.The reason is that the aquation high-expansion of this kind of soil, it may be assumed that this kind of soil meets 1.5-3 times of water volume expansion, and intensity also reduces
To original 10%.By taking roadbed as an example, for free swelling rate between 150-300%, California bearing ratio is reduced to original soil
10%-5%.Therefore, which cannot function as roadbed filling and directly uses.Currently, using most effective processing side in engineering
Method is to excavate such clay, by consolidated subsoil, obtains high-intensitive roadbed.Basement excavation method is no doubt able to achieve building road
Demand, but the black cotton regur soil amount dug out is big, if cannot handle, carrying cost is also increased.This patent is aiming at black cotton regur soil
The fact that largely exist in the world proposes to prepare and have excellent performance using the black cotton regur soil of high-expansion as major ingredient
Porous brick construction material.And the ground such as non-have the resources such as abundant natural volcanic ash in being directed to, using volcanic ash as auxiliary material, using simple
The techniques such as molding-sintering, obtain high-intensitive porous clay brick.Black cotton regur soil is apparently in black or dark brown, and essential mineral is
Saponite, montmorillonite, Yi-clay minerals such as illiteracy mixed-layer mineral and vermiculite are the excellent raw materials of fired clay brick.It is intended to utilize herein
The black cotton regur soil of African Territories is primary raw material, and volcanic ash etc. is auxiliary material, burns out the porous brick for meeting prescribed strength in national standard.It examines
To consider many developing countries such as Africa and needs a large amount of urban construction, the discarded black cotton regur soil quantity dug out is larger, therefore,
If this technology can be realized in states such as Africa and be gone into operation, the storage cost of black cotton regur soil is not only reduced, and obtain the more of high added value
Hole brick can be used for a variety of public constructions of developing country.
Summary of the invention
It is major ingredient that the present invention provides a kind of using black cotton regur soil, and natural volcanic ash is auxiliary material, prepares the system of sintered perforated brick
Standby technique.
The method for preparing porous clay brick using black cotton regur soil, comprising the following steps:
The first step, the preparation stage:
The black cotton regur soil of bulky grain and volcanic ash raw material are crushed with crusher and flour mill, smashed raw material mistake
400 meshes, i.e. average particle size are less than 34 μm；
Second step, mixing:
The mass ratio that black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash are pressed to 1:1~4:1 respectively, is placed in mortar and grinds, be sufficiently mixed the noon,
The water of solid masses 1~3% is added in mixed process, compression moulding obtains green compact；
Third step, compression moulding:
Mixed uniformly raw material is put into and is used to form in grinding tool, wherein the briquetting pressure of compression moulding is 3~5MPa, is protected
Press time 10-30s；The sample suppressed, which is put into air dry oven, dries 12 hours to constant weight；
4th step, the firing of porous brick:
It fires and uses gradient heating system, it may be assumed that initial temperature is 20 DEG C of room temperature, 4 DEG C/min of heating rate；Temperature-rise period
In, sample keeps the temperature 30min in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C respectively；Maximum temperature control is protected under 800~1100 DEG C, maximum sintering temperature
Warm 60min；After calcining, sample obtains porous brick with furnace body cooled to room temperature.
The utility model has the advantages that
This patent feature and advantage are: firstly, black cotton regur soil used is widely distributed, and is easy to acquire, it is at low cost, make product
There is good economic benefit；Secondly, the preparation process is simple, raw materials used type is few, is remarkably improved production efficiency；Finally,
The porous brick produced using the technique, mechanical property compression strength can reach country's mark of MU20 in GB13544-2000
Standard, linear shrinkage ratio and water absorption rate are also tested.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is porous clay brick perspective view；
Fig. 2 is porous clay brick top view.
Summary of the invention
In experiment, the chemical component of black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash, the property shown mineral, structure etc. are analyzed.Main purpose
It is to do primary raw material using black cotton regur soil to prepare porous brick that meet national standards.
Synthetic method of the invention includes the following steps:
1. the preparation stage: testing black cotton regur soil soil sample used and be derived from Kenya's Nairobi subgrade soils, depth selection 2.0m.It will
The raw material such as black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash carry out pulverization process with disk crusher, and smashed raw material crosses 400 meshes, i.e. average particle size
Less than 34 μm；Treated black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash are uniformly mixed with the mass ratio of 1:1~4:1；
2. compression moulding: mixed uniformly raw material being put into and is used to form in grinding tool, wherein the briquetting pressure of compression moulding
For 3-5MPa, dwell time 10-30s；The sample suppressed, which is put into air dry oven, dries 12 hours to constant weight；
3. the firing of clay brick: using gradient increased temperature, it may be assumed that initial temperature is 20 DEG C of room temperature, 4 DEG C/min of heating rate；It rises
During temperature, sample keeps the temperature 30min in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C respectively；At 800~1100 DEG C, highest firing is warm for maximum temperature control
Degree is lower to keep the temperature 60min；After calcining, sample obtains porous brick with furnace body cooled to room temperature.
There are advantages by the present invention: since black cotton regur soil is widely distributed, being available locally, not only can reduce raw material transport
Bring is difficult, also reduces the production cost of product, increases economic efficiency.In addition, production porous brick simple process, is easy to grasp
Make, and the porous brick produced can meet national standard, can be widely applied to engineering construction field.
Concrete case:
Example 1.
1. by after grinding black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash total amount 400.0g weighed with the mass ratio of 1:1, sample is placed in mortar
Middle grinding, is sufficiently mixed, and the water of 10ml is added in mixed process, is convenient for compression moulding；
2. molding pressure is 5.0MPa by weighed 400.0g style compression moulding, dwell time 30s is pressed into
The sample of type, which is put into baking oven, dries 12 hours to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, heating rate
For 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature control is at 900 DEG C, highest
60min is kept the temperature under firing temperature；Furnace cooling afterwards obtains porous brick.
Example 2
1. black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash are weighed total amount with the mass ratio of 3:2 as 400.0g, sample is placed in mortar and grinds,
It is sufficiently mixed, the water of 10ml is added in mixed process, be convenient for compression moulding；
2. weighed 400.0g style is put in compression moulding in mold, briquetting pressure 5.0MPa, the dwell time is
30s, the sample of compression moulding are placed in oven and dried to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair green compact sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, rises
Warm rate is 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature is controlled 900
DEG C, 60min is kept the temperature under maximum sintering temperature；Cooled to room temperature after calcining.
Example 3
1. by after grinding black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash total amount weighed as 400.0g with the ratio of 7:3, load weighted sample is put
It is placed in mortar and grinds, be sufficiently mixed；The water of 10ml is added in mixed process, is convenient for compression moulding；
2. the sample mixed is put in compression moulding in mold, molding pressure is 5.0MPa, dwell time 30s,
The sample of compression moulding is placed in oven and dried to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, heating rate
For 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature control is at 900 DEG C, highest
60min is kept the temperature under firing temperature；With furnace cooled to room temperature after calcining.
Example 4
1. by after grinding black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash total amount weighed as 400.0g with the ratio of 3:1, sample is placed in mortar
Grinding, is sufficiently mixed；The water of 10ml is added in mixed process, is convenient for compression moulding；
2. the style compression moulding that will be mixed, molding pressure is 5.0MPa, dwell time 30s, compression moulding
Sample is placed in oven and dried to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, heating rate
For 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature control is at 900 DEG C, highest
60min is kept the temperature under firing temperature；Cooled to room temperature after calcining.
Example 5
1. by after grinding black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash total amount weighed as 400.0g with the ratio of 4:1, sample is placed in mortar
Middle grinding, is sufficiently mixed；The water of 8ml is added in mixed process, is convenient for compression moulding；
2. the style compression moulding that will be mixed, molding pressure is 5.0MPa, dwell time 30s, compression moulding
Sample is placed in oven and dried to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, heating rate
For 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature control is at 900 DEG C, highest
60min is kept the temperature under firing temperature；Cooled to room temperature after calcining.
Example 6
1. by after grinding black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash total amount 400.0g weighed with the mass ratio of 9:1, sample is placed in mortar
Middle grinding, is sufficiently mixed；The water of 10ml is added in mixed process, is convenient for compression moulding；
2. the style mixed is put into compression moulding in mold, molding pressure is 5.0MPa, dwell time 30s,
The sample of compression moulding is placed in oven and dried to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, heating rate
For 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature control is at 900 DEG C, highest
60min is kept the temperature under firing temperature；Cooled to room temperature after calcining, obtains porous brick.
Example 7
1. by after grinding black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash total amount weighed as 400.0g with the ratio of 4:1, sample is placed in mortar
Middle grinding, is sufficiently mixed；The water of 10ml is added in mixed process, is convenient for compression moulding；
2. the style compression moulding that will be mixed, molding pressure is 5.0MPa, dwell time 30s, compression moulding
Sample is placed in oven and dried to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, heating rate
For 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature control is at 800 DEG C, highest
60min is kept the temperature under firing temperature；Cooled to room temperature after calcining.
Example 8
1. by after grinding black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash total amount weighed as 400.0g with the ratio of 4:1, sample is placed in mortar
Middle grinding, is sufficiently mixed；The water of 10ml is added in mixed process, is convenient for compression moulding；
2. the style compression moulding that will be mixed, molding pressure is 5.0MPa, dwell time 30s, compression moulding
Sample is placed in oven and dried to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, heating rate
For 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature control is at 1000 DEG C, highest
60min is kept the temperature under firing temperature；Cooled to room temperature after calcining.
Example 9
1. by after grinding black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash total amount weighed as 400.0g with the ratio of 4:1, sample is placed in mortar
Middle grinding, is sufficiently mixed；The water of 10ml is added in mixed process, is convenient for compression moulding；
2. the style compression moulding that will be mixed, molding pressure is 5.0MPa, dwell time 30s, compression moulding
Sample is placed in oven and dried to constant weight, after measure size；
3. pair sample pressed is fired, calcining system: using gradient increased temperature, if initial temperature is 20 DEG C, heating rate
For 4 DEG C/min；In temperature-rise period, respectively in 300 DEG C, 600 DEG C of heat preservation 30min；Maximum sintering temperature control is at 1100 DEG C, highest
60min is kept the temperature under firing temperature；Cooled to room temperature after calcining.
The present invention has carried out water absorption rate, linear shrinkage ratio and compression strength etc. to porous clay brick prepared by examples detailed above and has surveyed
Examination is found after tested: when the mass ratio of black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash is 4:1, and firing temperature is 1000 DEG C, the items of porous brick
It can be optimal, compression strength reaches MU20 grade in national standard GB 13544-2000 up to 24.68MPa.Test result and GB
The standard of 13544-2000 compares, as a result as shown in table 1, table 2.
The porous brick of different temperatures prepared by 1 example of table and the contrast table of GB13544-2000
Note: table 1 is when black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash mass ratio are 4:1, and porous brick prepared by example is at different temperatures
With the contrast table of GB13544-2000.
The porous brick of different ratios of raw materials prepared by 2 example of table and the contrast table of GB13544-2000
Note: table 2 be when firing temperature is 900 DEG C, black cotton regur soil prepared by example and volcanic ash different quality ratio it is porous
The contrast table of brick and GB13544-2000.
Test discovery: when black cotton regur soil content is 80% or so, when auxiliary material is 20% or so, compression strength is inhaled up to 20MPa
Water rate is 10%, and properties of product reach MU20 strength grade requirement；When black cotton regur soil content is greater than 80%, green body can be formed,
But there is cracking phenomena, strength reduction.Sintering temperature is huge to Effect on Mechanical Properties: finding after tested, temperature is in 900-1100
In DEG C section, the porous brick that intensity is better than MU20 can be obtained；It is resistance to although product intensity is higher when temperature is lower than 900 DEG C
It is aqueous poor；When temperature is higher than 1100 DEG C, there is burning in finished product, and dimensional contraction is serious, or even deforms, and water absorption rate also drops
Low, cracking degree is serious.
Claims (1)
1. the method for preparing porous clay brick using black cotton regur soil, which comprises the following steps:
The first step, the preparation stage:
The black cotton regur soil of bulky grain and volcanic ash raw material are crushed with crusher and flour mill, smashed raw material crosses 400 mesh
Sieve, i.e., average particle size is less than 38 μm；
Second step, mixing:
The mass ratio that black cotton regur soil and volcanic ash are pressed to 1:1~4:1 respectively, is placed in mortar and grinds, be sufficiently mixed, mixed
The water of solid masses 1~3% is added in journey, compression moulding obtains green compact；
Third step, compression moulding:
Mixed uniformly raw material is put into and is used to form in grinding tool, wherein the briquetting pressure of compression moulding is 3~5MPa, when pressure maintaining
Between 10-30s；The sample suppressed, which is put into air dry oven, dries 12 hours to constant weight；
4th step, the firing of porous brick:
It fires and uses gradient heating system, it may be assumed that initial temperature is 20 DEG C, 4 DEG C/min of heating rate；In temperature-rise period, sample exists
300 DEG C, 600 DEG C keep the temperature 30min respectively；Maximum temperature control keeps the temperature 60min under 900~1100 DEG C, maximum sintering temperature；It forges
After burning, sample obtains porous brick with furnace body cooled to room temperature.
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| CN1101334A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-04-12 | 蒋里军 | Hot shaping porous ceramics |
| CN101417872A (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-29 | 林建国 | Tuff, tuff lava sintered brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN102795831A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-11-28 | 同济大学 | Deep foundation pit soil-sintered porous brick and production method thereof |
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