CN106490200B

CN106490200B - Processing technology for making black tea from large persimmon tea and fine persimmon tea

Info

Publication number: CN106490200B
Application number: CN201610930112.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄涛; 黄睿; 邵鑫; 黄建国; 阮利平
Original assignee: Huangshan Fuzifeng Tea Industry Co ltd
Current assignee: Huangshan Fuzifeng Tea Industry Co ltd
Priority date: 2016-10-31
Filing date: 2016-10-31
Publication date: 2020-05-01
Anticipated expiration: 2036-10-31
Also published as: CN106490200A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tea processing. Aims to provide a processing technology for preparing black tea by using persimmon large tea fine variety with uniform and good quality and strong, mellow and sweet taste. The processing technology comprises the following steps: picking fresh leaves, withering, rolling, fermenting and drying. The rolling process is carried out for three times, the rolling time of the first two times is 40-50 min, the rolling time of the third time is 26-34 min, different conditions such as normal pressure, light pressure, medium pressure and heavy pressure are switched in the rolling process, deblocking and screening are carried out after each rolling is finished, and tea leaves are graded. Therefore, the method is beneficial to carrying out differential adjustment on process parameters in the subsequent process, so that the tea leaves of different grades can achieve better processing effect, and the tea leaves of all grades can be uniform in quality. And the pressurization and the loosening are combined in the twisting process, so that the strip cable can be twisted tightly to break most cells, the twisted leaf mass can be loosened to emit heat, the quality stability of the twisted leaves is facilitated, and good fermentation preparation conditions are provided.

Description

Processing technology for making black tea from large persimmon tea and fine persimmon tea

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tea processing, and particularly relates to a processing technology for making black tea from persimmon large tea fine varieties.

Background

The persimmon broad tea is a high-quality variety of provincial tea trees in Anhui province, is a special tea tree variety in the producing area of Taiping Houkui tea in yellow mountainous areas, is a variety foundation for producing and developing the Taiping Houkui industry, and belongs to shrub type, broad-leaf type and medium-bud type. The Taiping Houkui tea is one of the historical famous tea in China, has high reputation at home and abroad, contains more than 500 chemical components, and has the effects of resisting bacteria, inhibiting bacteria, losing weight, preventing decayed teeth, inhibiting cancer cells and the like. At present, the persimmon big tea is mostly used for processing green tea, particularly famous green tea, the processing technology for making black tea by using the persimmon big tea as a raw material is very rare, and the prior art lacks a processing technology for improving and adjusting according to the quality characteristics of the persimmon big tea raw material.

In addition, in the traditional black tea processing technology, tea leaves are processed uniformly, but the water content and the content of different fresh leaves are different, and even if the fresh leaves in the same batch have different tenderness, sizes and the like, the uniformity and consistency of the final processed product quality are difficult to ensure, the product specification is difficult to control, and the product quality is difficult to further promote.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a processing technology for making black tea by using persimmon large tea fine variety, which has uniform and good quality and strong, mellow and sweet taste.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a processing technology for preparing black tea from large persimmon tea fine varieties comprises the following steps: picking fresh leaves, withering, rolling, fermenting and drying. The rolling process is carried out for three times, the first rolling time is 40-50 min, the rolling process comprises the steps of rolling for 23-27 min under normal pressure, slightly pressing for 9-11 min, heavily pressing for 4-6 min, recovering from normal pressure for 4-6 min, and deblocking and screening after rolling is finished;

rolling the sieved tea and the sieved tea respectively for the second time, wherein the rolling time is 40-50 min, firstly, slightly pressing and rolling for 8-12 min, then gradually adding to medium pressure and rolling for 14-16 min, then, heavily pressing and rolling for 14-16 min, finally, recovering normal pressure and rolling for 4-6 min, and deblocking and sieving again after rolling is finished;

and separating out the tea leaves sieved out for the second time, rolling the tea leaves sieved out for the third time, wherein the rolling time is 26-34 min, firstly slightly pressing and rolling for 4-6 min, then heavily pressing and rolling for 18-22 min, finally recovering the normal pressure and rolling for 4-6 min, and deblocking the tea leaves after the rolling is finished. The light pressure is 0.12-0.2 MPa, the medium pressure is 0.2-0.35 MPa, and the heavy pressure is 0.35-0.6 MPa.

Preferably: the rolling process is completed by utilizing a screening and rolling machine, the screening and rolling machine comprises a machine body, the machine body is in a vertical cylinder shape, and the top of the machine body is provided with a feed door which can be opened and closed; the bottom of the machine body is provided with a first inverted-cone-shaped discharge hole, and the first discharge hole is provided with a sealable discharge door; the center of the machine body is provided with a driving shaft along the axial direction of the machine body, and the driving shaft is fixed at the top of the machine body through a bearing and is connected with a speed reducing motor at the outer side of the top of the machine body;

the driving shaft is sequentially provided with an upper driven shaft and a lower driven shaft from top to bottom; a plurality of first twisting rods are uniformly fixed on the upper driven shaft and the lower driven shaft respectively, the first twisting rods are perpendicular to the driven shafts connected with the first twisting rods respectively, the first twisting rods rotate by 60 degrees in sequence and surround the driven shafts, a plurality of first twisting rods are arranged on the first twisting rods, and the first twisting rods can rotate in a plane perpendicular to the first twisting rods by taking the first twisting rods as centers; the driving shaft drives the upper driven shaft and the lower driven shaft to rotate, and the roots of the two driven shafts are provided with rotary connecting structures so that the part of the driven shafts with the first twisting rod can rotate around the shaft center;

a first sieve plate is arranged between the two driven shafts, a second sieve plate is arranged between the lower side of the lower driven shaft and the first discharge hole, and a hole for the driving shaft to pass through is formed in the center of the first sieve plate; the size and the shape of the first sieve plate and the second sieve plate are matched with the inner wall of the machine body, the pore diameter of a sieve pore of the first sieve plate is larger than that of the second sieve plate, the two sieve plates are composed of an upper sieve plate and a lower sieve plate, the pore diameters of the upper sieve plate and the lower sieve plate of the sieve plates are consistent, and the sieve pores can be staggered by rotating one of the sieve plates to enable the sieve plates to be in a completely closed state; a lifting mechanism for the first sieve plate to move up and down is arranged between the first sieve plate and the inner wall of the machine body, and the rotation of the upper driven shaft and the lower driven shaft is not influenced by the lifting range of the first sieve plate; the part of the lifting mechanism, which is in contact with the first sieve plate, and the part of the inner wall of the machine body, which is in contact with the second sieve plate, are respectively provided with a chute for the sieve plates to horizontally rotate;

two pipelines are respectively arranged on the side wall of the machine body corresponding to the heights of the two driven shafts, and valves are arranged on the two pipelines and connected with an air compressor.

Preferably: magnetic balls are arranged at two ends of the first twisting rod.

Preferably: the lifting mechanism comprises a rack arranged along the axial direction of the machine body and a driving gear meshed with the rack, the upper end of the rack is fixedly connected with the first sieve plate, a rotating rod is arranged in the driving gear, and the rotating rod is connected with a first motor on the outer side of the machine body.

Preferably: the first sieve and the second sieve are provided with rotating mechanisms enabling the sieve plates to be opened or closed, each rotating mechanism comprises an electromagnet and a pull rope, the electromagnet and the pull rope are arranged on the same position of the upper sieve sheet and the lower sieve sheet of the sieve plate, a double-pole double-throw switch capable of changing the direction of current in the electromagnet is arranged between the electromagnet and a power supply, and the length of the pull rope enables the rotated sieve plates to be in a completely closed state.

Preferably: the aperture of the first sieve plate is 8-12 mm, and the aperture of the second sieve plate is 6-10 mm.

Preferably: the kneading process is completed by utilizing a pressurizing kneading machine, the pressurizing kneading machine comprises a rack, a kneading ball and a feeding chamber are arranged on the rack, the kneading ball consists of a left hemispherical shell and a right hemispherical shell, the right hemispherical shell is positioned at one end of the feeding chamber, and the left hemispherical shell is positioned at the other end of the feeding chamber, is driven by a push rod assembly to move and is involuted with the right hemispherical shell;

the feeding chamber is in a cylindrical shape matched with the rolling balls, and the top and the bottom of the feeding chamber are respectively provided with a feeding hole and a second discharging hole which can be opened and closed; the second discharge port is provided with a discharge port inserting plate and an air cylinder for driving the discharge port inserting plate to close or open the second discharge port; two rotating shafts which are parallel to each other are arranged below the inserting plate, the rotating directions of the two rotating shafts are opposite, and dispersing rods are arranged on the rotating shafts;

the top end of the right hemispherical shell is connected to the fixed shaft through a bearing, and the right hemispherical shell is matched with a driving mechanism to drive the right hemispherical shell to rotate along the fixed shaft; the driving mechanism comprises a gear ring surrounding the right hemispherical shell, and the gear ring is vertical to the fixed shaft; gears meshed with the gear ring are respectively positioned on two sides of the twisting ball and driven by a second motor; the top point of the left hemispherical shell is fixed with a push rod in the push rod assembly through a bearing, and the edges of the left hemispherical shell and the right hemispherical shell are provided with concave-convex combination parts;

a plurality of second twisting rods are fixed on the part, located inside the twisting ball, of the fixing shaft, a plurality of second twisting rods are arranged in the inner cavity of the left hemispherical shell along the position surrounding the fixing shaft, and a plurality of second twisting rods are fixed on the second twisting rods; and pipe joints which can be connected with compressed air pipelines are respectively arranged at the lower parts of the left hemispherical shell and the right hemispherical shell.

Preferably: the withering process comprises the steps of withering a sunlight facility, setting a facility withering field with controllable shading rate, uniformly spreading fresh leaves, spreading the leaves with the thickness of 2-3 cm, adjusting the shading rate to ensure that the leaf surface temperature is lower than 32 ℃ and not lower than 28 ℃, turning over for 3-4 times, wherein the withering time is 30-50 min, and the water content of the withered leaves is controlled to be 60-63%.

Preferably: the withering process is completed by using a withering trough, the temperature is controlled to be 28-32 ℃, the thickness of the spread leaves is 14-18 cm, the leaves are turned and stirred once every 1 hour, blowing is stopped during turning and stirring, the leaves with rain and dew need to be turned and shaken once every 30min before being withered, the withering time is 4-5 hours, and the water content of the withered leaves is controlled to be 60% -63%.

Preferably: the fermentation process has the advantages that the room temperature is controlled to be kept at 24-26 ℃, the humidity is 95% -98%, the air circulation is kept, the thickness of spread leaves is 10-15 cm, the fermentation time is 4-6 h, the color of the fermented leaves is controlled to be changed into copper red, green gas gradually disappears, fresh and thick flower and fruit fragrance is emitted, and leaf veins and juice are reddened; the drying process adopts a method of drying by using gross fire firstly, spreading and drying once in the middle and then drying by using full fire, wherein the temperature of the gross fire is 100-115 ℃, and the drying is carried out until the water content is 18-22%; spreading and airing for 15-25 min; then drying the mixture at the full fire temperature of 65-75 ℃ until the water content is 5-8%.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: screening through rolling the in-process many times, be divided into different quality grades with tealeaves, make through the secondary and roll the tealeaves that just can pass through the sieve and directly carry out the fermentation process, avoid rolling the leaf and influence the tealeaves quality because of excessively rolling, also avoid rolling the leaf a bit and lead to the cell destruction insufficient because of rolling not enough, and then the fermentation is uneven, influences final tealeaves hot water flavor. And the process parameters can be adjusted differently in the subsequent process after grading, so that the tea leaves in different grades can achieve better processing effect, and the tea leaves in all grades can be uniform in quality. Meanwhile, the pressurization and the loosening are combined in the twisting process, so that the strip rope can be twisted tightly to break most cells, the twisted leaf mass can be loosened to emit heat, the quality stability of the twisted leaves is facilitated, and good fermentation preparation conditions are provided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a screen-separating and kneading machine used in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of part A in FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a side view of the first twisting lever;

FIG. 4 shows a connection mode of a driving shaft and a driven shaft;

FIG. 5 shows another connection of the driving shaft and the driven shaft;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a press kneading machine according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the twisting ball in a closed state.

Detailed Description

In the processing technology for preparing black tea from persimmon and large tea fine varieties, the rolling technology is completed by using a screening and rolling machine, the screening and rolling machine shown in figure 1 comprises a machine body 1, the machine body 1 is in a vertical cylindrical shape, a feeding door 12 capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the top of the machine body 1, and a sealing ring is arranged between the feeding door 12 and the machine body 1. The first discharge gate 2 of back taper is set up to 1 bottom of organism, and first discharge gate 2 department sets up inclosed discharge door, and when discharge door was in the closure state, 1 inside formation of organism and external isolated airtight space. The novel motor is characterized in that a driving shaft 3 along the axis direction of the motor body 1 is arranged in the center of the motor body 1, the driving shaft 3 is fixed to the top of the motor body 1 through a bearing and is connected with a speed reducing motor 4 on the outer side of the top of the motor body 1, and a bearing sealing ring is arranged on the bearing to guarantee the sealing effect of the bearing.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the driving shaft 3 is provided with an upper driven shaft 5 and a lower driven shaft 6 in sequence from top to bottom. A plurality of first twisting rods 7 are respectively and uniformly fixed on the upper driven shaft 5 and the lower driven shaft 6, as shown in fig. 3, the first twisting rods 7 are respectively perpendicular to the driven shafts connected with the first twisting rods 7, and the plurality of first twisting rods 7 are sequentially rotated by 60 degrees to surround the driven shafts. The first twisting rod 7 is provided with a plurality of first twisting rods 8, and the first twisting rods 8 can rotate in a plane vertical to the first twisting rod 7 by taking the first twisting rod 7 as a center.

For example: the connection mode between the first twisting rod 7 and the first twisting rod 8 can be that the center of the first twisting rod 8 is provided with a hole for the first twisting rod 7 to pass through, the first twisting rod 7 is provided with limiting clamps on two sides of the first twisting rod 8, or the first twisting rod 7 is provided with a plurality of first grooves along the radial direction of the twisting rod 7, and each groove is internally fixed with one first twisting rod 8, so that the first twisting rod 8 can rotate in a plane vertical to the first twisting rod 7.

In order to enhance the twisting effect, the driving shaft 3 drives the upper driven shaft 5 and the lower driven shaft 6 to rotate, and the root parts of the two driven shafts are provided with a rotary connecting structure, so that the part of the driven shafts with the first twisting rod 7 can rotate around the shaft center. As shown in fig. 4, the rotary connection structure may be that a pipe sleeve is respectively disposed at the root of the two driven shafts, the pipe sleeve is fixed on the driving shaft 3, and the upper driven shaft 5 and the lower driven shaft 6 respectively pass through the pipe sleeve, so that the two driven shafts can freely rotate around the driving shaft 3. Or as shown in fig. 5, two driven shafts are respectively and fixedly connected with the driving shaft 3, a pipe sleeve is arranged on the part of the driven shaft connected with the first twisting rod 7, and the first twisting rod 7 is fixed on the pipe sleeve, so that the first twisting rod 7 can freely rotate around the driven shaft.

In the twisting process, the speed reduction motor 4 drives the driving shaft 3 and the two driven shafts to rotate, the first twisting rod 7 rotates freely around the driven shaft connected with the first twisting rod while rotating synchronously around the driving shaft 3, and the first twisting rod 8 on the first twisting rod rotates disorderly around the first twisting rod 7 through friction with tea leaves, so that the twisting is more sufficient. The better implementation mode is as follows: the two ends of the first rolling rod 8 are provided with the magnetic balls 15, and because attractive force and repulsive force exist between the magnetic balls 15, the first rolling rod 8 is not only subjected to frictional force contacting with tea leaves, but also subjected to attraction and repulsion of other first rolling rods 8, so that disordered movement of the first rolling rod 8 is increased, and rolling effect is further enhanced.

In order to meet the requirements of the twisting process in the invention, a first sieve plate 9 is arranged between the two driven shafts, a second sieve plate 10 is arranged between the lower side of the lower driven shaft 6 and the discharge hole 2, and a hole for the driving shaft 3 to pass through is arranged in the center of the first sieve plate 9. As shown in fig. 1, the first sieve plate 9 separates the interior of the machine body 1 into a first rolling chamber and a second rolling chamber, so that the deblocked and sieved tea on the sieve surface and the tea under the sieve can be rolled for the second time respectively after the first rolling is completed, and tea leaves can be classified conveniently.

As shown in fig. 1, the first sieve plate 9 and the second sieve plate 10 are both matched in size and shape with the inner wall of the machine body 1, that is, the edges of the two sieve plates are in contact with the inner wall of the machine body 1, so as to ensure that all the twisted leaves can enter the next step after being sieved. The first screen deck 9 has a larger mesh opening than the second screen deck 10, for example: the aperture of the first sieve plate 9 is 8-12 mm, and the aperture of the second sieve plate 10 is 6-10 mm. And the two sieve plates are composed of an upper layer of sieve sheet and a lower layer of sieve sheet, the pore diameters of the upper sieve sheet and the lower sieve sheet of the sieve plates are consistent, and the sieve holes can be staggered by rotating one layer of sieve sheet to enable the sieve plates to be in a completely closed state. When twisting, the sieve plate is in a closed state to ensure the twisting effect, and after twisting and sieving are finished, one layer of sieve sheet is rotated to open the sieve plate.

In order to facilitate the opening and closing of the two sieve plates, sliding chutes for the sieve plates to horizontally rotate are respectively arranged at the positions, contacted with the first sieve plate 9, on the lifting mechanism 11 and the positions, contacted with the second sieve plate 10, on the inner wall of the machine body 1, and the upper sieve plate and the lower sieve plate respectively rotate in opposite directions to achieve the purpose of opening or closing the sieve plates. Further, for making opening and closing of the sieve more convenient, first sieve 9 and second sieve 10 on all be equipped with and make the sieve open or closed slewing mechanism, slewing mechanism including setting up on the sieve electromagnet and the stay cord that sieve piece and lower sieve piece correspond the same position, set up the double-pole double-throw switch that can change current direction in the electromagnet between electromagnet and the power, the length of stay cord makes the sieve after the rotation be in complete closure state. When the sieve plate is required to be closed, the electromagnets on the upper sieve sheet and the lower sieve sheet are mutually repelled by controlling the double-pole double-throw switch, so that the upper sieve sheet and the lower sieve sheet respectively rotate in opposite directions, the pull rope is stretched straightly, and the sieve plate is in a closed state at the moment. When the sieve plate is required to be opened, the double-pole double-throw switch is controlled to enable the electromagnets on the upper sieve sheet and the lower sieve sheet to attract each other, so that the upper sieve sheet and the lower sieve sheet recover to the original positions and the sieve plate is opened.

Because the rolling process and the deblocking process have different requirements on the size of the space, the deblocking operation cannot be completed in a small space, and therefore the first sieve plate 9 needs to be designed into a liftable structure. A lifting mechanism 11 for the first sieve plate 9 to move up and down is arranged between the first sieve plate 9 and the inner wall of the machine body 1, and the rotation of the upper driven shaft 5 and the lower driven shaft 6 is not influenced by the lifting range of the first sieve plate 9. The lifting mechanism 11 can be a screw lifting structure, and the first sieve plate 9 is fixed on a lifting screw to realize lifting movement. The better implementation mode is as follows: the lifting mechanism 11 comprises a rack along the axis direction of the machine body 1 and a driving gear meshed with the rack, the upper end of the rack is fixedly connected with the first sieve plate 9, a rotating rod is arranged in the driving gear, and the rotating rod is connected with a driving motor 16 outside the machine body 1. In this way, the driving motor 16 rotates the rotating rod, so that the driving gear rotates, the rack moves up and down, and the first sieve plate 9 can move up and down.

Before the first rolling, the first sieve plate 9 is moved to the highest position of the lifting mechanism 11, so that the space of the first rolling chamber is minimum, after the first rolling is completed, the first sieve plate 9 is firstly lowered to the lowest position of the lifting mechanism 11, the space of the first rolling chamber is increased, and then the speed reduction motor 4 and the first sieve plate 9 are opened, so that the rolled leaves are deblocked and sieved. Then, the first sieve plate 9 is moved to the middle upper part of the elevating mechanism 11 according to the amount of the sifted tea and the undersize tea, and the first sieve plate 9 is moved to a higher position to enhance the rolling effect of the first rolling chamber because the rolling effect of the sifted tea left in the first rolling chamber is inferior to that of the undersize tea in the second rolling chamber.

In order to meet the requirements of the rolling process on pressurization and pressure release, two pipelines 13 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the machine body 1 corresponding to the heights of the two driven shafts, valves are arranged on the two pipelines 13 and are connected with an air compressor 14, and the air pressure in the machine body 1 is adjusted by opening and closing the valves on the pipelines 13 and the air compressor 14. In addition, since the tea leaves originally twisted in the first twisting chamber are divided into two parts and twisted in the two twisting chambers at the second twisting, the twisting space is enlarged, and the inside of the machine body 1 needs to be pressurized by the air compressor 14 in order to secure the final twisting effect.

Or as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the rolling process is completed by using a pressurized rolling machine, the pressurized rolling machine includes a frame 21, a rolling ball 22 and a feeding chamber 23 are disposed on the frame 21, the rolling ball 22 is composed of a left hemispherical shell 25 and a right hemispherical shell 26, the right hemispherical shell 26 is located at one end of the feeding chamber 23, the left hemispherical shell 25 is located at the other end of the feeding chamber 23 and is driven by a push rod assembly to move and to be matched with the right hemispherical shell 26, and the push rod assembly may be composed of an oil cylinder or an air cylinder and a push rod 34. The rolling space is reduced by the movement of the left hemispherical shell 25, the tea leaves are pressurized, and the rolling process can be completed quickly. As shown in fig. 6, the right hemispherical shell 26 is located at the right end of the feeding chamber 23, and the left hemispherical shell 25 is located at the left end of the feeding chamber 23 and can move to the right or retract driven by the push rod assembly.

The shape of the inlet chamber 23 is a cylinder shape matching with the rolling ball 22, and can accommodate the left half-ball shell 25 to move therein, and then is matched with the mouth of the right half-ball shell 26 to form the closed rolling ball 22. The top and the bottom of the feeding chamber 23 are respectively provided with a feeding port 24 and a second discharging port 29 which can be opened and closed, the feeding port 24 can be directly an opening of a butt joint hopper, and can also be an openable door plate which is further connected with an openable driving part. A discharge port inserting plate and an air cylinder for driving the discharge port inserting plate to close or open the second discharge port 29 are arranged at the second discharge port 29, two rotating shafts 27 which are parallel to each other are arranged below the second discharge port 29, the rotating directions of the two rotating shafts 27 are opposite, and a dispersing rod 37 is arranged on the rotating shafts 27. After the rolling process is completed, the second discharge port 29 is opened, the two rotating shafts 27 start to rotate reversely under the driving of the motor, the dispersing rods 37 are driven to rotate synchronously to disperse the tea briquettes, and the process of dispersing the briquettes is completed while discharging.

The top end of the right hemispherical shell 26 is connected to the fixed shaft 31 through a bearing, and the right hemispherical shell 26 is provided with a driving mechanism in a matching way to drive the right hemispherical shell to rotate along the fixed shaft 31. The driving mechanism comprises a gear ring 32 surrounding the right hemispherical shell 26, the gear ring 32 is perpendicular to the fixed shaft 31, and gears 38 engaged with the gear ring 32 are respectively positioned at two sides of the twisting ball 22 and driven by a second motor 33.

The top point of the left hemispherical shell 25 is fixed with a push rod 34 in the push rod assembly through a bearing, the edges of the left hemispherical shell 25 and the right hemispherical shell 26 are provided with concave-convex combination parts 36, and the concave-convex combination parts 36 can be formed by a plurality of concave parts matched with the edges of the left hemispherical shell 25 and the right hemispherical shell 26; or a plurality of concave parts at the edge of the left hemispherical shell 25 and convex parts matched with the edge of the right hemispherical shell 26; or the edges of the left hemispherical shell 25 and the right hemispherical shell 26 are respectively provided with a tooth-shaped structure which is meshed with each other. The left hemispherical shell 25 and the right hemispherical shell 26 are connected into a whole through the concave-convex combination part 36, the driving mechanism drives the right hemispherical shell 26 to rotate, and the right hemispherical shell 26 drives the left hemispherical shell 25 to synchronously rotate through the concave-convex combination part 36.

A plurality of second twisting rods 30 are fixed on the part of the fixing shaft 31 positioned inside the twisting ball 22, a plurality of second twisting rods 28 are arranged in the inner cavity of the left hemispherical shell 25 along the position surrounding the fixing shaft 31, and a plurality of second twisting rods 30 are fixed on the second twisting rods 28. When the rolling ball 22 is driven by the driving mechanism to rotate, the second rolling rod 28 in the rolling ball 22 moves relative to the fixed shaft 31, so as to realize the rolling process of the tea leaves.

And pipe joints 35 for connecting air pipes are respectively arranged on the left hemispherical shell 25 and the right hemispherical shell 26. The kneading ball 22 is connected to a compressed air pipe through a pipe joint 35 to adjust the pressure during kneading.

Example one

Selecting 1 bud and 2 leaves of primary-spread persimmon large tea fine variety for picking, and shipping the picked bud leaves by using clean tea blue or bamboo baskets with good air permeability to keep the freshness and integrity of fresh leaves. Because the water content and the content of different fresh leaves are different, the fresh leaves picked at different time intervals in a day and the bud leaves with different tenderness are separately processed, uneven fermentation is avoided, and the quality of the tea is ensured.

Setting a facility withering field with controllable shading rate by adopting a sunlight facility withering mode, uniformly spreading fresh leaves on nylon cloth, a thin bamboo strip mat or a water sieve, controlling the leaf surface temperature to be below 32 ℃ and not lower than 28 ℃ by adjusting the shading rate, and turning and stirring once every 15min, wherein the leaf thickness is 2.5 cm. And (3) finishing withering after 40min, wherein the water content of the withered leaves is about 62%, and the withered leaves are represented by withered and soft leaf quality and tender stems, stiff and tender stems and brittleness when the leaves lose the fresh state, soft and slightly sticky leaves can be agglomerated, and the leaves lose the bright green luster and turn into dark green. If the withering degree is insufficient, the withering time can be prolonged to 50min, so that the phenomenon that the tea leaves are broken during rolling due to over hard leaf quality to influence the tea leaf quality is avoided.

The tea leaves are kneaded by using a screen separating and kneading machine, a first screen plate 9 of the screen separating and kneading machine is adjusted to be in a closed state and is lifted to the highest position, then the tea leaves are put into a first kneading chamber through a feeding door, a speed reduction motor 4 is driven to perform first kneading, a valve and an air compressor 14 on a pipeline 13 communicated with the first kneading chamber are opened after 23min, so that light pressure is maintained in the first kneading chamber, the heavy pressure is adjusted and maintained after 9min, the first kneading chamber is continuously kneaded for 4min, then the normal pressure is restored in the first kneading chamber, and the first kneading is performed for 4 min. The driving motor 16 moves the first sieve plate 9 downwards to the lowest position, the first sieve plate 9 is in an open state, and the driving shaft 3 and the last driven shaft 5 are driven by the speed reducing motor 4 to rotate so as to deblock and break up the twisted leaves.

And after the screening is finished, closing the first screen plate 9 again, adjusting the height of the first screen plate to enable the first screen plate to be located at a position 1/4 away from the upper end of the lifting mechanism, keeping the first screen plate lightly pressed and twisted for 8min, gradually pressurizing to the middle pressure and keeping for 14min, further pressurizing to the heavily pressed and twisted for 14min, and finally recovering the normal pressure and twisting for 4 min. And adjusting the height of the first sieve plate 9 to the lowest position to deblock and screen the surface tea in the first rolling chamber, after screening is finished, raising the first sieve plate 9 to the highest position to deblock and screen the undersize tea in the second rolling chamber, and opening a discharge door to enable the rolling leaves passing through the second sieve plate 10 to leave the rolling machine and be listed as No. 1 product.

Closing the discharge door and the two sieve plates respectively, moving the first sieve plate 9 to a position 1/4 away from the upper end of the lifting mechanism, keeping light pressure for kneading for 4min, then pressurizing to heavy pressure for kneading for 18min, and recovering normal pressure for kneading for 4 min. The height of the first sieve plate 9 is adjusted to firstly deblock and discharge tea leaves in the second rolling chamber and arrange the tea leaves as a No. 2 product, and then deblock and discharge tea leaves in the first rolling chamber and arrange the tea leaves as a No. 3 product.

Respectively fermenting the product No. 1, the product No. 2 and the product No. 3, controlling the room temperature of a fermentation chamber to be 24-26 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 95-98%, and keeping the air circulation. The spread leaf thickness of the No. 1 product is 10 cm, and the fermentation time is 4 h; the spread leaf thickness of the No. 2 product is 12 cm, and the fermentation time is 5 h; the spread leaf thickness of the No. 3 product is 15cm, and the fermentation time is 6 h. The fermentation time can be adjusted slightly according to the fermentation degree, so that the color of the fermented leaves is changed to be copper red more than 93%, the green smell disappears gradually, fresh and dense flower and fruit fragrance is given out, and the veins and the juice are reddened.

Drying three grades of fermented leaves with 100 deg.C fire until the water content is 22%, making the leaves feel stabbing when pinched by hand, and being continuously folded, and loosening and having mellow fragrance when the tea leaves are held tightly. Then spreading and airing for 15min, and finally drying with full fire at 65 ℃ until the water content is 8 percent to obtain the tea with obvious tea fragrance and tight and smooth strips.

Example two

Selecting 1 bud and 2 leaf primary spread persimmon large tea fine seeds for picking, withering by using a withering trough, uniformly spreading fresh leaves according to the thickness of 16cm, introducing hot air with the temperature of 32 ℃ into the withering trough by using an air blower, stirring once every 1h, and stopping blowing air during stirring. And (4) finishing withering after 4h, wherein the water content of the withered tea leaves is about 62%, and if the withering degree is insufficient, the withering time can be prolonged to 5h, so that the influence on the quality of the tea leaves caused by breaking of the tea leaves during rolling due to over hard leaf quality is avoided.

The tea leaves are kneaded by a pressurizing kneading machine, the tea leaves are put into the feeding chamber 23, and the push rod 34 pushes the left hemispherical shell 25 to move rightwards and close with the right hemispherical shell 26 to form a kneading ball 22. The second motor 33 is driven to drive the rolling ball 22 to rotate, and the second rolling rod 28 and the second rolling rod 30 in the rolling ball 22 perform the first rolling of the tea leaves. After 25min, the rotation of the kneading ball 22 is stopped, a pipe connected to an air compressor is connected to the pipe joint 35, air is compressed into the kneading ball 22 to be in a light pressure state, and then the pipe is removed and kneaded for 10 min. Stopping the rolling ball 22 again, repeating the operation, adjusting the pressure in the rolling ball 22 to the heavy pressure for 5min, and finally returning to the normal pressure for 5 min. And the second discharge port 29 is opened, the two rotating shafts 27 rotate reversely to drive the dispersing rods 37 to rotate synchronously, so that the tea leaves are deblocked during discharging.

Screening the tea leaves, classifying the tea leaves with the surface of the sieve as No. 3 and the tea leaves under the sieve as No. 2, and then kneading the No. 2 and No. 3 tea leaves for the second time. Rolling under light pressure for 10min, gradually pressurizing to medium pressure and maintaining for 15min, further pressurizing, rolling under heavy pressure for 15min, and recovering normal pressure for 5 min. The rolling of No. 3 can adopt a pressure intensity slightly larger than that of No. 2, after the discharge is deblocked, the second screening is carried out, and the tea sifted through the second screening is separated and listed as No. 1.

Rolling No. 2 and No. 3 tea leaves for the third time, slightly pressing and rolling for 5min, then heavily pressing and rolling for 20min, recovering normal pressure and rolling for 5min, and finally discharging and deblocking.

Respectively fermenting the product No. 1, the product No. 2 and the product No. 3, controlling the room temperature of a fermentation chamber to be 24-26 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 95-98%, and keeping the air circulation. The spread leaf thickness of the No. 1 product is 12 cm, and the fermentation time is 4.5 h; the spreading leaf thickness of the No. 2 product is 13 cm, and the fermentation time is 5 h; the spread leaf thickness of the No. 3 product is 14 cm, and the fermentation time is 5.5 h. The fermentation time can be adjusted slightly according to the fermentation degree.

Drying three grades of fermented leaves with 110 deg.C gross fire until the water content is 20%, spreading and drying in the air for 20min, and drying with 70 deg.C full fire until the water content is 7%, to obtain tea with obvious tea fragrance and firm and smooth strip.

EXAMPLE III

Selecting 1 bud and 2 leaf primary-spread improved persimmon tea seeds for picking, withering by using a withering trough, uniformly spreading fresh leaves according to the thickness of 15cm, introducing hot air with the temperature of 30 ℃ into the withering trough by using an air blower, stirring once every 1h, and stopping blowing air during stirring. And (4) after 4.5h, the withering is finished, the water content of the withered tea leaves is about 62%, and if the withering degree is insufficient, the withering time can be prolonged to 5h, so that the phenomenon that the tea leaves are broken during rolling due to over-hard tea quality to influence the tea quality is avoided.

Rolling the tea leaves by using a screening rolling machine, firstly closing the first sieve plate 9 and raising the first sieve plate to the highest position, then opening a feeding door to put the tea leaves, driving the speed reduction motor 4 to roll the tea leaves for 27min under normal pressure, then opening a valve on a pipeline 13 communicated with the first rolling chamber and an air compressor 14, keeping the light pressure for rolling for 11min, then pressing the tea leaves for 6min again, and finally restoring the normal pressure for rolling for 6 min. And opening the first sieve plate 9 and moving the first sieve plate downwards to the lowest position, and deblocking and sieving the tea leaves.

And after the screening is finished, closing and moving the first screen plate 9 again to enable the first screen plate to be located at a position 1/4 away from the upper end of the lifting mechanism, firstly slightly pressing and twisting for 12min, gradually pressurizing to the middle pressure and keeping for 16min, further pressurizing, pressing and twisting heavily for 16min, and finally restoring normal pressure and twisting for 6 min. And deblocking and screening the rolled leaves in the first rolling chamber, opening a discharge door to perform the same operation on the second rolling chamber, and enabling the rolled leaves passing through the second sieve plate 10 to leave the rolling machine and be classified as No. 1.

Closing the discharge door and the two sieve plates, moving the first sieve plate 9 to a position 1/4 away from the upper end of the lifting mechanism, slightly pressing and twisting for 6min, then heavily pressing and twisting for 22min, and then recovering normal pressure and twisting for 6 min. Firstly, tea leaves in the second rolling chamber are deblocked and discharged and listed as a No. 2 product, and then tea leaves in the first rolling chamber are deblocked and discharged and listed as a No. 3 product.

Respectively fermenting the product No. 1, the product No. 2 and the product No. 3, controlling the room temperature of a fermentation chamber to be 24-26 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 95-98%, and keeping the air circulation. The spread leaf thickness of the No. 1 product is 10 cm, and the fermentation time is 4 h; the spread leaf thickness of the No. 2 product is 12 cm, and the fermentation time is 4.5 h; the spread leaf thickness of the No. 3 product is 14 cm, and the fermentation time is 5 h. The fermentation time can be adjusted slightly according to the fermentation degree.

Drying three grades of fermented leaves with 115 deg.C gross fire until the water content is 18%, spreading and drying for 25min, and drying with 75 deg.C full fire until the water content is 5%, to obtain tea with obvious tea fragrance and firm and smooth strip.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a machine is kneaded to branch sieve which characterized in that:

the screening and rolling machine comprises a machine body (1), wherein the machine body (1) is in a vertical cylindrical shape, and the top of the machine body (1) is provided with a feed door (12) which can be opened and closed; the bottom of the machine body (1) is provided with an inverted cone-shaped first discharge hole (2), and a sealable discharge door is arranged at the first discharge hole (2); the center of the machine body (1) is provided with a driving shaft (3) along the axial direction of the machine body (1), and the driving shaft (3) is fixed at the top of the machine body (1) through a bearing and is connected with a speed reducing motor (4) on the outer side of the top of the machine body (1);

the driving shaft (3) is sequentially provided with an upper driven shaft (5) and a lower driven shaft (6) from top to bottom; a plurality of first twisting rods (7) are uniformly fixed on the upper driven shaft (5) and the lower driven shaft (6) respectively, the first twisting rods (7) are perpendicular to the driven shafts connected with the first twisting rods respectively, the first twisting rods (7) rotate for 60 degrees in sequence to surround the driven shafts, a plurality of first twisting rods (8) are arranged on the first twisting rods (7), and the first twisting rods (8) can rotate in a plane perpendicular to the first twisting rods (7) by taking the first twisting rods (7) as centers; the driving shaft (3) drives the upper driven shaft (5) and the lower driven shaft (6) to rotate, and the roots of the two driven shafts are provided with a rotary connecting structure, so that the part of the driven shafts with the first twisting rod (7) can rotate around the axis;

a first sieve plate (9) is arranged between the two driven shafts, a second sieve plate (10) is arranged between the lower side of the lower driven shaft (6) and the first discharge hole (2), and a hole for the driving shaft (3) to pass through is formed in the center of the first sieve plate (9); the size and the shape of the first sieve plate (9) and the second sieve plate (10) are matched with the inner wall of the machine body (1), the pore diameter of a sieve hole of the first sieve plate (9) is larger than that of the second sieve plate (10), the two sieve plates are composed of an upper sieve plate and a lower sieve plate, the pore diameters of the upper sieve plate and the lower sieve plate of the sieve plates are consistent, and the sieve holes can be staggered to enable the sieve plates to be in a completely closed state by rotating one layer of sieve plate; a lifting mechanism (11) for the first sieve plate (9) to move up and down is arranged between the first sieve plate (9) and the inner wall of the machine body (1), and the rotation of the upper driven shaft (5) and the lower driven shaft (6) is not influenced by the lifting range of the first sieve plate (9); the part of the lifting mechanism (11) which is contacted with the first sieve plate (9) and the part of the inner wall of the machine body (1) which is contacted with the second sieve plate (10) are respectively provided with a sliding chute for the sieve plates to horizontally rotate;

the height of the side wall of the machine body (1) corresponding to the two driven shafts is respectively provided with two pipelines (13), and the two pipelines (13) are respectively provided with a valve and connected with an air compressor (14).

2. The screen kneading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: magnetic balls (15) are arranged at two ends of the first twisting rod (8).

3. The screen kneading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: elevating system (11) including along organism (1) axis direction the rack with the driving gear of rack looks meshing, rack upper end and first sieve (9) fixed connection are equipped with the bull stick in the driving gear, the bull stick links to each other with the first motor in organism (1) outside.

4. The screen kneading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: first sieve (9) and second sieve (10) on all be equipped with and make the sieve open or closed slewing mechanism, slewing mechanism including setting up electromagnet and the stay cord that corresponds the same position on the sieve with sieve piece down, set up the double-pole double-throw switch that can change current direction in the electromagnet between electromagnet and the power, the length of stay cord makes the sieve after the rotation be in complete closure state.

5. The screen kneading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the first sieve plate (9) is 8-12 mm, and the aperture of the second sieve plate (10) is 6-10 mm.