CN106490036A - A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, it is characterised in that：Raw material including following parts by weight：25 35 parts of giant knotweed, 22 32 parts of rheum officinale, 15 20 parts of Chinese yam, 15 20 parts of humid euphorbia, 15 20 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 20 30 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 30 45 parts of ammonium nitrate, 15 20 parts of ammonium chloride, 8 12 parts of talcum powder, 48 parts of surfactant.The fumicants raw material derives from plant, and the collaboration of various raw materials is antibacterial, reaches 88.1 93.7% to the preventive effect of powdery mildew of cucumber, effect is significant, and noresidue, and without the resistance to the action of a drug, environmental protection is easy to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bactericide field, more particularly, to a kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew and its system
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Cucumber is one of maximum vegetable variety of warmhouse booth cultivated area, often in high temperature, the ring of high humidity in booth
Border, Cucumber Pests And Diseases occur very universal.And powdery mildew of cucumber is one of Major Diseases in cucumber production, powdery mildew is in seedling stage
Cucumber growth is caused to weaken even dead, breeding time causes melon and fruit deformity, causes serious economic loss.Current chemical bactericide
It is still the Main Means for preventing and treating powdery mildew of cucumber：Such as benzimidazole, organic phosphates, hydroxy pyrimidine class, methoxy acrylic acid
Esters and phenoxyquinolines etc..Single for a long time uses such medicament so that powdery mildew of cucumber germ is to which creating serious resisting
The property of medicine, and all there is cross resistance to same series bactericidal agent, some bacterial strains resist several series bactericidal agents simultaneously, in addition, chemical pesticide causes
Residues of pesticides, harmful organism also very serious the problems such as rampant.Therefore it is to work as to develop the efficient, plant pesticide of low toxicity, low-residual
Business is anxious.And in prior art, also have a large amount of researchs with regard to preventing and treating the botanical pesticide of powdery mildew of cucumber.
Chinese Patent Application No. 201310519693.0 discloses a kind of disease-resistant drug of powdery mildew of cucumber, wherein, including
The component of following unit of weight：27% high fat film 10-15 parts, the anti-8-12 parts of 2% antibiotic in pyrimidine nucleoside class agriculture, garlic oil 10-15
Part, astragalus polyose 4-8 parts, baicalein 4-8 parts, the clear 6-10 parts of polyoxy, Chinese bulbul 4-8 parts, rhizome of cyrtomium 6-10 part.Prepared by the invention
Disease-resistant drug, is chemical pesticide and plant- based medicine compounding, and wherein the Chinese bulbul and rhizome of cyrtomium do not extract antipathogenic composition
And directly use, drug effect can not be played completely.
Chinese Patent Application No. 201410647558.9 disclose a kind of botanical pesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of cucumber and its
Preparation method, belongs to field of plant disease control.Its raw material is soybean oil, the Chinese bulbul, aloe, rheum emodin, ethanol and pure
Water, the raw material such as Chinese bulbul, rheum emodin, aloe that botanical pesticide prepared by the invention is adopted, to Escherichia coli, golden yellow Portugal
Grape coccus etc. has inhibitory action, and weaker to phytopathogen rejection ability.
Content of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew
Fumicants, the fumicants raw material derives from plant, and various raw materials collaborations are antibacterial, reach 88.1- to the preventive effect of powdery mildew of cucumber
93.7%, effect is significant, and noresidue, without the resistance to the action of a drug, environmental protection is easy to use.
In addition the invention also discloses the preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is employed the following technical solutions：
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：Giant knotweed 25-35 parts, rheum officinale 22-32
Part, Chinese yam 15-20 parts, humid euphorbia 15-20 parts, kadsura longepedunculata 15-20 parts, bamboo charcoal powder 20-30 part, ammonium nitrate 30-45 parts, ammonium chloride
15-20 parts, talcum powder 8-12 parts, surfactant 4-8 parts.
Further, including the raw material of following parts by weight：32 parts of giant knotweed, 25 parts of rheum officinale, 18 parts of Chinese yam, 17 parts of humid euphorbia,
18 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, 7 parts of surfactant.
Further, the surfactant is fatty glyceride, polysorbate, APES or fat
One kind in sour polyoxyethylene ester.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata is weighed, 80-100 mesh is crushed to, 5-12 times of weighing body is added
Ethanol solution of the fraction for 80-95%, is simultaneously introduced the pectase of 0.1-0.2 times of weight, soaks 1-2h, then carries in Soxhlet
Take in device, water-bath refluxing extraction 3-6h is evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）After the water dissolves of 3-6 times of weight are added in ammonium nitrate, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant
And extract, stirring mixing 1-2h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
Further, the particle diameter of the bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Further, the step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Further, the step（1）The temperature of refluxing extraction is 80-90 DEG C.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1st, the present invention discloses a kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, and the raw material with bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect of employing includes
Rheum officinale, giant knotweed, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata, are plant material, wide material sources, and noresidue, without the resistance to the action of a drug, environmental protection.
Rhein wherein in rheum officinale has very strong bactericidal action, there is very strong killing action to cucumber powdery mildew's pathogen, mainly
By destroying the cell membrane of germ, flow out cellular content, lead pathogen cell and lose nutriment death；Big in giant knotweed
Flavine and anthraquinone analog compound have very strong bactericidal action to powdery mildew of cucumber；Phenols, saponin(e, flavonoids in Chinese yam and
Allantoin etc. has very strong inhibitory action to cucumber powdery mildew's pathogen, and can make the defensive ferment such as peroxide in cucumber leaves
Dismutase activity increases, so as to increase the defence capability of cucumber leaves；Flavonoids, alkaloid and terpenes in kadsura longepedunculata
To staphylococcus aureus, moscow' paratyphi B, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and some pathogenics
Bacterium is respectively provided with preferable inhibition；Sprout conidial to cucumber powdery mildew's pathogen of general flavone in humid euphorbia has very high suppression
Activity, so that suppress the growth of germ.Therefore, the rheum officinale and giant knotweed in raw material of the present invention has sterilized work to powdery mildew of cucumber
With, and Chinese yam and kadsura longepedunculata are mainly bacteriostasis, and the mechanism of action of humid euphorbia is to suppress the conidial sprouting of germ, this
Several raw material mechanisms of action are different, and compounding use can have complementary advantages, the effect with Synergistic, white to preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber
Powder disease prevention effect is notable.
2nd, due to active insecticidal components difference in raw material, wherein in rheum officinale, it is mainly Rhein, mainly big in giant knotweed
Flavine and anthraquinone analog compound, the active component in Chinese yam are mainly phenols, saponin(e, flavonoids and allantoin, kadsura longepedunculata
In mainly flavonoids, alkaloid and terpenes, the active component in humid euphorbia is mainly general flavone, therefore using ethanol time
The method that stream is extracted, to reduce the loss of phenols and flavonoids, destroys plant cell wall additionally by pectinase enzymatic hydrolysis, makes plant
Intracellular composition is easier to dissolve, spreads, and recovery rate is high.
In addition, when the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew is prepared, the ethanol extract after refluxing extraction removes ethanol
After prepare extract, after wherein extract and bamboo charcoal powder etc. mix, as bamboo charcoal powder is loose and porous structure, and adsorb
Effect is stronger, can be by the active ingredient adsorption in extract in bamboo charcoal powder, and then low temperature drying again, whole process are effective
Component damages are very little, and when actually used, prevention effect is good.
3rd, fumicants prepared by the present invention, is cooperated with incendiary agent with ammonium nitrate as oxidant with ammonium chloride as smoke agent,
Smoke effect is good；With bamboo charcoal powder as incendiary agent, particle diameter is 10-20 μm, with loose porous structure, specific surface area than larger,
It is easier to light, absorption property is relatively good, active component is then more easily dispersed in bamboo charcoal powder, living after subsequent point burning smoke agent
Property composition disperses in booth evenly, good antimicrobial effect.With talcum powder as cooling agent, low cost, moreover it is possible to make incendiary agent more hold
Easily ignite；With fatty glyceride, polysorbate, APES or polyoxyethylene carboxylate as surface-active
Agent, these surfactants are nonionic surfactant, and compatibility is good, and strong adsorption does not occur on a solid surface, from
And active insecticidal components can be made to disperse evenly, during contributing to smoke, insecticidal constituent is dispersed, increases fungistatic effect.
Lead is both provided with the fumicants packaging bag of the preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew that the 4th, prepared by the present invention, the fumicants is put
The centre position being placed in booth, it is possible to put combustion wire, it is 0.2g/m to fumigate usage amount3.
The fumicants after dispenser twice reaches 88.1-93.7%, effect is significant to the preventive effect of powdery mildew of cucumber, and sets off
Fumicants need not be watered sprinkling, and more extensively, preventing and treating is faster more thorough, environmental protection, noresidue, not anti-medicine for active component distribution
Property, easy to use.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, the original adopted in each embodiment wherein of the invention
Material rheum officinale, giant knotweed, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata are the raw material of fresh drying.
Embodiment 1
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：25 parts of giant knotweed, 32 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
15 parts of medicine, 20 parts of humid euphorbia, 15 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 30 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 30 parts of ammonium nitrate, 15 parts of ammonium chloride, 12 parts of talcum powder, surface
4 parts of activating agent.
Wherein surfactant is fatty glyceride.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Weigh raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata, be crushed to 80 mesh, add giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam,
Brocade and 5 times of bulking value fractions of kadsura longepedunculata total amount be 80% ethanol solution, be simultaneously introduced giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and
The pectase of 0.1 times of weight of kadsura longepedunculata total amount, soaks 1h, and then in apparatus,Soxhlet's, 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extractions 3h subtract
Pressure is concentrated into without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）In ammonium nitrate add 3 times of weight water dissolves after, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant with
And extract, stirring mixing 1h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
The particle diameter of wherein bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Wherein step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Embodiment 2
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：28 parts of giant knotweed, 30 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
16 parts of medicine, 19 parts of humid euphorbia, 16 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 28 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 32 parts of ammonium nitrate, 16 parts of ammonium chloride, 11 parts of talcum powder, surface
5 parts of activating agent.
Wherein surfactant is polysorbate.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Weigh raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata, be crushed to 90 mesh, add giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam,
Brocade and 6 times of bulking value fractions of kadsura longepedunculata total amount be 85% ethanol solution, be simultaneously introduced giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and
The pectase of 0.15 times of weight of kadsura longepedunculata total amount, soaks 1.5h, then in apparatus,Soxhlet's, 85 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extractions
4h, is evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）In ammonium nitrate add 4 times of weight water dissolves after, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant with
And extract, stirring mixing 1.5h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
The particle diameter of wherein bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Wherein step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Embodiment 3
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：30 parts of giant knotweed, 38 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
17 parts of medicine, 18 parts of humid euphorbia, 17 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 26 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 35 parts of ammonium nitrate, 17 parts of ammonium chloride, 10 parts of talcum powder, surface
6 parts of activating agent.
Wherein surfactant is APES.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata is weighed, 100 mesh are crushed to, 7 times of bulking value fractions are added
For 85% ethanol solution, the pectase of 0.2 times of weight is simultaneously introduced, soaks 1h, then in apparatus,Soxhlet's, 90 DEG C of water-baths
Refluxing extraction 5h, is evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）In ammonium nitrate add 5 times of weight water dissolves after, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant with
And extract, stirring mixing 2h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
The particle diameter of wherein bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Wherein step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Embodiment 4
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：32 parts of giant knotweed, 25 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
18 parts of medicine, 17 parts of humid euphorbia, 18 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, surface
7 parts of activating agent.
Wherein surfactant is polyoxyethylene carboxylate.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata is weighed, 90 mesh are crushed to, 8 times of bulking value fractions of addition are
90% ethanol solution, is simultaneously introduced the pectase of 0.15 times of weight, soaks 1.5h, then in apparatus,Soxhlet's, 85 DEG C of water-baths
Refluxing extraction 5h, is evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）In ammonium nitrate add 4 times of weight water dissolves after, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant with
And extract, stirring mixing 1.5h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
The particle diameter of wherein bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Wherein step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Embodiment 5
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：32 parts of giant knotweed, 25 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
18 parts of medicine, 17 parts of humid euphorbia, 18 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 15 parts of Chinese Stellera Root, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, cunning
9 parts of stone flour, 7 parts of surfactant.
Wherein surfactant is polyoxyethylene carboxylate.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia, kadsura longepedunculata and Chinese Stellera Root is weighed, 90 mesh are crushed to, giant knotweed, big is added
Huang, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia, the ethanol solution that 8 times of bulking value fractions of kadsura longepedunculata and Chinese Stellera Root total amount are 90%, are simultaneously introduced tiger
Cane, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia, the pectase of 0.15 times of weight of kadsura longepedunculata and Chinese Stellera Root total amount, soak 1.5h, then in rope
In family name's extractor, 85 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extractions 5h are evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtain extract；
（2）In ammonium nitrate add 4 times of weight water dissolves after, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant with
And extract, stirring mixing 1.5h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
The particle diameter of wherein bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Wherein step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Embodiment 6
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：33 parts of giant knotweed, 24 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
19 parts of medicine, 16 parts of humid euphorbia, 19 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 23 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 42 parts of ammonium nitrate, 19 parts of ammonium chloride, 8 parts of talcum powder, surface
8 parts of activating agent.
Wherein surfactant is fatty glyceride.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata is weighed, 80 mesh are crushed to, 9 times of bulking value fractions of addition are
90% ethanol solution, is simultaneously introduced the pectase of 0.2 times of weight, soaks 1.5h, then in apparatus,Soxhlet's, 85 DEG C of water-baths
Refluxing extraction 6h, is evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）In ammonium nitrate add 6 times of weight water dissolves after, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant with
And extract, stirring mixing 1h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
The particle diameter of wherein bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Wherein step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Embodiment 7
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：34 parts of giant knotweed, 23 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
20 parts of medicine, 15 parts of humid euphorbia, 20 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 22 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 44 parts of ammonium nitrate, 20 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, surface
5 parts of activating agent.
Wherein surfactant is APES.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata is weighed, 90 mesh are crushed to, 10 times of bulking value fractions are added
For 92% ethanol solution, the pectase of 0.1 times of weight is simultaneously introduced, soaks 2h, then in apparatus,Soxhlet's, 80 DEG C of water-baths
Refluxing extraction 4h, is evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）In ammonium nitrate add 5 times of weight water dissolves after, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant with
And extract, stirring mixing 2h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
The particle diameter of wherein bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Wherein step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Embodiment 8
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：35 parts of giant knotweed, 22 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
18 parts of medicine, 15 parts of humid euphorbia, 19 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 20 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 45 parts of ammonium nitrate, 19 parts of ammonium chloride, 8 parts of talcum powder, surface
6 parts of activating agent.
Wherein surfactant is polysorbate.
A kind of preparation method of the fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, comprises the following steps：
（1）Raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata is weighed, 100 mesh are crushed to, 12 times of bulking value fractions are added
For 95% ethanol solution, the pectase of 0.1 times of weight is simultaneously introduced, soaks 2h, then in apparatus,Soxhlet's, 90 DEG C of water-baths
Refluxing extraction 5h, is evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）In ammonium nitrate add 6 times of weight water dissolves after, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant with
And extract, stirring mixing 1.5h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
The particle diameter of wherein bamboo charcoal powder is 10-20 μm.
Wherein step（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and difference is：Raw material is adjusted, and raw material total amount keeps constant,
Giant knotweed in raw material is removed, the amount of rheum officinale is accordingly increased, i.e.,：
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：57 parts of rheum officinale, 18 parts of Chinese yam,
17 parts of brocade, 18 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, 7 parts of surfactant.
Its preparation method is same as Example 4.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and difference is：Raw material is adjusted, and raw material total amount keeps constant,
Rheum officinale in raw material is removed, the amount of giant knotweed is accordingly increased, i.e.,：
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：57 parts of giant knotweed, 18 parts of Chinese yam,
17 parts of brocade, 18 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, 7 parts of surfactant.
Its preparation method is same as Example 4.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and difference is：Raw material is adjusted, and raw material total amount keeps constant,
Chinese yam in raw material is removed, accordingly increases the amount of humid euphorbia, i.e.,：
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：32 parts of giant knotweed, 25 parts of rheum officinale,
35 parts of brocade, 18 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, 7 parts of surfactant.
Its preparation method is same as Example 4.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and difference is：Raw material is adjusted, and raw material total amount keeps constant,
Kadsura longepedunculata in raw material is removed, the amount of humid euphorbia is accordingly increased, i.e.,：
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：32 parts of giant knotweed, 25 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
18 parts of medicine, 35 parts of humid euphorbia, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, 7 parts of surfactant.
Its preparation method is same as Example 4.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and difference is：Raw material is adjusted, and raw material total amount keeps constant,
Humid euphorbia in raw material is removed, accordingly increases the amount of kadsura longepedunculata, i.e.,：
A kind of fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew, including the raw material of following parts by weight：32 parts of giant knotweed, 25 parts of rheum officinale, mountain
18 parts of medicine, 35 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, 7 parts of surfactant.
Its preparation method is same as Example 4.
Greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew field efficiency test
Tested with reference to the relevant pesticide field efficacy medicine test criterion of the Ministry of Agriculture.Efficiency test is big two 70m × 8m × 3m's
Carry out in canopy, in two booths, cucumber growth situation is consistent.The interior plastic sheeting of each canopy separates the cell of 10m（Area is
80m2）, 14 cells altogether,, used as blank group, used as test group, test group sets off this to remaining 13 cell respectively for one of them
The fumicants of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew prepared by inventive embodiments 1-8 and comparative example 1-5, lights fumicants after 72h, altogether again
0.2g/m is pressed in dispenser twice,2Amount dispenser.
Investigation method is：Four point are taken at random per cell, and the whole blades on 2 plants of cucumber of per investigation, every leaf press scab
Account for leaf area percentage classification record.
Stage division：0 grade, disease-free spot；1 grade, lesion area accounts for whole leaf area below 5%；3 grades, lesion area is accounted for entirely
Leaf area 6-10%；5 grades, lesion area accounts for whole leaf area 11-20%；7 grades, lesion area accounts for the 21- of whole blade area
40%；9 grades, lesion area accounts for more than the 40% of whole blade area.
Investigation disease index before spraying for the first time, 10d investigation preventions effect after last time dispenser calculate preventing and treating effect
Really.
Disease index=［ ∑（The sick numbers of sheets at different levels × relative value of series）/（Investigation total number of sheets × 9）］ × 100%
Prevention effect=（CK1-PT1）/CK1］ × 100%
Wherein：CK1Disease index after the dispenser of-blank group；PT1Disease index after the dispenser of-trial zone.
1 greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew field efficiency test data of table
As can be seen from Table 1, embodiment of the present invention 1-8 prepare preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew fumicants after dispenser twice,
88.1-93.7%, effect is significant is reached to the preventive effect of powdery mildew of cucumber, and sets off fumicants to be watered sprinkling, active component
More extensively, faster more thoroughly, environmental protection, noresidue are without the resistance to the action of a drug, easy to use for preventing and treating for distribution.
Embodiment 5 is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and difference is that embodiment 5 is on the basis of embodiment 4 to increased one
Raw material Chinese Stellera Root is planted, and the terpene and flavonoids in Chinese Stellera Root is to powdery mildew of cucumber, cucumber fusarium axysporum and tomato gray mould
Germ silk has very strong inhibitory action, and the effect for therefore increasing the embodiment 5 of Chinese Stellera Root is better than embodiment 4, and winter daphne is described
The effect that the root of langdu also has collaboration antibacterial, but toxicity is also bigger than normal.
Comparative example 1-5 is raw material to be adjusted on the basis of embodiment 4, and raw material total amount is constant, preparation method phase
With.Wherein comparative example 1 removes giant knotweed, accordingly increases the amount of rheum officinale；Comparative example 2 removes rheum officinale, accordingly increases the amount of giant knotweed；
Comparative example 3 removes Chinese yam, accordingly increases the amount of humid euphorbia；Comparative example 4 removes kadsura longepedunculata, accordingly increases the amount of humid euphorbia；Right
Ratio 5 removes humid euphorbia, accordingly increases the amount of kadsura longepedunculata；And the preventive effect of fumicants prepared by comparative example 1-5 to powdery mildew of cucumber
Lower than embodiment 4, this several raw material of present invention selection are described, are had complementary advantages, there is the effect of Synergistic each other, lack
Few any one, fungistatic effect accordingly will weaken.
Finally illustrate, only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted, this area is common for above example
Other modifications or equivalent that technical staff is made to technical scheme, without departing from technical solution of the present invention
Spirit and scope, all should cover in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew fumicants, it is characterised in that：Raw material including following parts by weight：Giant knotweed 25-
35 parts, rheum officinale 22-32 parts, Chinese yam 15-20 parts, humid euphorbia 15-20 parts, kadsura longepedunculata 15-20 parts, bamboo charcoal powder 20-30 part, ammonium nitrate
30-45 parts, ammonium chloride 15-20 parts, talcum powder 8-12 parts, surfactant 4-8 parts.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew fumicants, it is characterised in that：Including following weight
The raw material of number：32 parts of giant knotweed, 25 parts of rheum officinale, 18 parts of Chinese yam, 17 parts of humid euphorbia, 18 parts of kadsura longepedunculata, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium nitrate
40 parts, 18 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of talcum powder, 7 parts of surfactant.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew fumicants, it is characterised in that：The surface-active
Agent is the one kind in fatty glyceride, polysorbate, APES or polyoxyethylene carboxylate.
4. a kind of as claimed in claim 1 preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew fumicants preparation method, it is characterised in that：Including
Following steps：
（1）Raw material giant knotweed, rheum officinale, Chinese yam, humid euphorbia and kadsura longepedunculata is weighed, 80-100 mesh is crushed to, 5-12 times of weighing body is added
Ethanol solution of the fraction for 80-95%, is simultaneously introduced the pectase of 0.1-0.2 times of weight, soaks 1-2h, then carries in Soxhlet
Take in device, water-bath refluxing extraction 3-6h is evaporated to without alcohol taste, obtains extract；
（2）After the water dissolves of 3-6 times of weight are added in ammonium nitrate, add bamboo charcoal powder, ammonium chloride, talcum powder, surfactant
And extract, stirring mixing 1-2h, low temperature drying to constant weight, after crushing, packed seal to obtain fumicants.
5. according to claim 4 preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew fumicants preparation method, it is characterised in that：The bamboo
The particle diameter of powdered carbon is 10-20 μm.
6. according to claim 4 preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew fumicants preparation method, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly（1）Middle pectase enzyme activity is 3 × 104U/g.
7. according to claim 4 preventing and treating greenhouse cucumber powdery mildew fumicants preparation method, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly（1）The temperature of refluxing extraction is 80-90 DEG C.
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Application publication date: 20170315 |