CN106482097A - The partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow - Google Patents

The partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106482097A
CN106482097A CN201510529306.0A CN201510529306A CN106482097A CN 106482097 A CN106482097 A CN 106482097A CN 201510529306 A CN201510529306 A CN 201510529306A CN 106482097 A CN106482097 A CN 106482097A
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China
Prior art keywords
partly
low nitrogen
nitrogen burner
percussion flow
premixed low
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CN201510529306.0A
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CN106482097B (en
Inventor
卓建坤
宋少鹏
宋光武
李娜
姚强
潘涛
金大建
冯复兴
肖小华
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BEIJING HUANKE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Tsinghua University
Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection
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BEIJING HUANKE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Tsinghua University
Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection
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Priority to CN201510529306.0A priority Critical patent/CN106482097B/en
Publication of CN106482097A publication Critical patent/CN106482097A/en
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow, it includes combustion head, and this combustion head includes a cylindrical empty flow channel;One is arranged on this cyclone within cylindrical empty flow channel, and this cyclone includes outer shroud, internal ring, the spinning disk being arranged between this outer shroud and internal ring and the central bluff body being arranged on internal ring centre bore;One outside being arranged on burner cyclone and be located at this fuel nozzle within cylindrical empty flow channel, the fuel nozzle ports that this fuel nozzle includes cartridge and is arranged at this cartridge side.

Description

The partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low nitrogen burner, the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of more particularly, to a kind of percussion flow.
Background technology
Nitrogen oxides(NOx)It is one of primary pollution source of air, it not only can form acid rain or acid mist, be also the important predecessor of PM2.5 secondary aerosol species.Constantly aggravate with environmental pollution, China key area frequently occurs haze, huge harm is caused to the health of people.Burning with natural gas, oil liquefied gas and coal synthesis gas utilizes, and the pollution problem of gas combustion especially reduces the discharge of NOx, is an instant task.Therefore, during control combustion of natural gas, the generation of NOx is significant.
The generation of NOx is divided into thermal NO x, Quick-type NOx and fuel type NOx by Theory of Combustion.In natural gas, nitrogen content is relatively low, and NOx source is mainly thermal NO x and Quick-type NOx.Thermal NO x refers in the air N used of burning2Oxidation generates NOx at high temperature;In heating power type mechanism, temperature is the key variables that domination NOx generates.When temperature is less than 1500 DEG C, the growing amount of heating power NOx is little;During higher than 1500 DEG C, temperature often raises 100 DEG C, and response speed will increase 6 ~ 7 times.Quick-type NOx is usually that hydrocarbon free radical carries out reaction formation amine or cyano compound with nitrogen molecular, is mainly more than 1 Area generation in equivalent proportion, its reaction temperature is also below thermal NO x.
Low-NO_x combustion technology includes the technology such as fractional combustion, premixed combustion, flue gas recirculation, multi-hole medium combustion, flameless combustion, burning chemistry chains.
The principle of grading combustion technology is that ignition temperature reaches highest in the case that equivalent proportion is for 1, lean combustion or fuel-rich in the case of burnt, its ignition temperature is lower than the ignition temperature that equivalent proportion is 1, thermo parameters method in energy reasonable distribution stove, avoid the occurrence of localized hyperthermia, reduce the effect of NOx generation.
Premixed combustion is the effective technology that a kind of reduction NOx generates.For the generation controlling NOx, the advantage of this technology can be by realizing the control to ignition temperature to the control completely of equivalent proportion.By Lean burn combustion, ignition temperature is reduced, make the equivalent proportion of mixture be less than 1, such thermal NO x and Quick-type NOx generates and will reduce simultaneously.But the not wide variety of limiting factor of premixed combustion technology is:Combustion instability, may lead to be tempered or flame-out;Excess air coefficient is larger, reduces system thermal efficiency.
The reduction of ignition temperature can also be realized by flue gas recirculation, by the combustion product of flue gas is added in combustion zone, reduce ignition temperature, the flue gas being simultaneously introduced reduces the partial pressure of oxygen, this will weaken the process of oxygen and nitrogen generation thermal NO x, thus decreasing the generation of NOx.Research shows, the NOx reducing 70% is generated by outside flue gas recirculation.The subject matter of flue gas recirculation is that oxygen partial pressure reduces, air velocity increase makes combustion instability, the phenomenons such as flame-out, concussion.
According to the developmental stage of low nitrogen burning commercial Application technology, substantially it can be divided into three developmental stage:First, using grading combustion technology, the concentration of emission of NOx can be controlled in 100mg/m3, but this technology is likely to result in CO concentration of emission and substantially rises;Second, using flue gas recirculating technique, the concentration of emission of NOx can be controlled in 60 ~ 80mg/m3, differed greatly according to flue gas recirculation ratio emission level, this technical costs is relatively low, and be suitable to transformation and upgrade, but the control for Quick-type NOx does not have effect, and increase blower fan power consumption;3rd, premixed combustion technology, the concentration of emission of NOx can be controlled 10 ~ 60mg/m3, adjustable within the specific limits according to the requirement of environmental protection standard, this technical costs is relatively low, is suitable to grassroot project, but slightly affects for the overall thermal efficiency(In terms of low heat valve, about 1 ~ 2% about), that is, NOx emission concentration is lower, and the thermal efficiency is lower, there is also safety issue simultaneously.
Content of the invention
In view of this, it is necessory to provide, a kind of thermal efficiency is high, NOx emission concentration is relatively low, the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of combustion stablized percussion flow.
A kind of partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow, it includes combustion head, and this combustion head includes a cylindrical empty flow channel;One is arranged on this cyclone within cylindrical empty flow channel, and this cyclone includes outer shroud, internal ring, the spinning disk being arranged between this outer shroud and internal ring and the central bluff body being arranged on internal ring centre bore;One outside being arranged on burner cyclone and be located at this fuel nozzle within cylindrical empty flow channel, the fuel nozzle ports that this fuel nozzle includes cartridge and is arranged at this cartridge side.
Compared with prior art, the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow provided by the present invention, mix to control the spatial distribution of the burn time mixing with oxygen and Hybrid analysis by fuel staging, percussion flow, thus controlling burn rate, the temperature of flame region and reactant in the time of staying of high-temperature region, finally it is effectively reduced heating power type and the generation of Quick-type NOx, realize NOx and generate less than 50mg/Nm3(@3.5%O2).This invention combines that percussion flow is partly-premixed and the control to combustion flame for the eddy flow degree, can meet the flame holding under the conditions of higher flue gas recirculation, thus NOx is generated dropping below 20mg/Nm3(@3.5%O2)Minimum discharge level, also there is stronger fuel tolerance simultaneously.
The partly-premixed eddy flow percussion flow gas burner of fuel staging provided by the present invention, rational in infrastructure, fuel tolerance is wide, high combustion efficiency, pollutant emission are little, flameholding, is suitable for industrial furnace, reformer and gas turbine combustion and uses.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow that first embodiment of the invention provides.
Fig. 2 is the front view of the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the front view of the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner cyclone of percussion flow provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that schematic diagram arranged by the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner fuel pipe of percussion flow provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 ~ Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner fuel nozzle exit area of percussion flow provided in an embodiment of the present invention, shape and arrangement mode.
Figure 11 is the perspective view of the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow that second embodiment of the invention provides.
Main element symbol description
The partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow 10、40
Combustion head 20
Anterior runner 30
Cylindrical empty flow channel 21
Cyclone 22
Fuel nozzle 23
Secondary fuel spout 24
Steady flame section 25
Air intake 31
Air front flow deflector 32
Flow deflector after air 33
Air intake section 34
Air necking section 35
Outer shroud 220
Spinning disk 221
Internal ring 222
Central bluff body 223
Cartridge 230
Fuel nozzle ports 231
Following specific embodiment will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of the percussion flow present invention being provided is described in further detail.
Refer to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner 10 of a percussion flow, the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner 10 of this percussion flow includes combustion head 20 and anterior runner 30, this combustion head 20 links together and connects with anterior runner 30.
Described combustion head 20 includes cylindrical empty flow channel 21, is arranged on this cyclone 22 within cylindrical empty flow channel 21, is arranged on the outside of cyclone 22 and is located at this fuel nozzle 23 within cylindrical empty flow channel 21.Flow deflector 33, air intake section 34 and air necking section 35 after described front portion runner 30 includes air intake 31, be arranged at after air intake air front flow deflector 32 and air, described cylindrical empty flow channel 21 is arranged on described air necking section 35.
See also Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, described cyclone 22 includes outer shroud 220, internal ring 222, the spinning disk 221 being arranged between this outer shroud 220 and internal ring 222 and the central bluff body 223 being arranged on internal ring centre bore.The major function of cyclone 22 is to provide different air quantity and gas cyclone number.The size of cyclone air quantity can adjust outer shroud 220 to optimize with the ratio of internal ring 222, the size of outer shroud 220, through optimizing the diameter thinking internal ring 222 and outer shroud 220 ratio for 1:3 is optimal.In the present embodiment, the diameter of internal ring 222 and outer shroud 220 is than for 1:3.The size of swirling number can be optimized by the angle of inclination of the number of adjustment spinning disk 221, spinning disk 221.The number of spinning disk 221 is 10-20, and the range of tilt angles of spinning disk 221 is 10-30.In the present embodiment, the number of described spinning disk 221 is 32, and the range of tilt angles of spinning disk 221 is 20.Central bluff body 223 can make corresponding size and shape according to different combustion cases, as circular, square, hexagon, rectangle, cross and ellipse to control the flow field of burner outlet.In the present embodiment, described central bluff body 223 is circle.By adjusting above parameter, so that burner outlet produces stable recirculating zone, realize the first low nitrogen burning principle of the present embodiment.
See also Fig. 4, the arrangement of fuel nozzle 23 adopts " percussion flow " of the generation of fuel high-speed impact cyclone surface, to reach the effect of quick mixing.Fuel nozzle 23 includes cartridge 230 and fuel nozzle ports 231, and this fuel nozzle ports 231 is arranged at the side of described cartridge 230 or the side of described cartridge 230 and top surface.The dispersed placement of described cartridge 230 makes fuel spatially have deep or light distribution, and nearby equivalent proportion is more than 1 to fuel nozzle ports, and between two fuel nozzle ports, equivalent proportion is less than 1, creates the effect of fractional combustion.Fuel sprays at a high speed from described fuel nozzle ports 231, clashes into outer shroud 220, produces shock, the effect of quick mixing.
Control incorporation time and the Hybrid analysis of fuel and air by the radical of cartridge 230, the jet velocity of fuel, the shape of fuel nozzle ports 231, the number of fuel nozzle ports 231, fuel nozzle ports 231 apart from outer shroud 220 apart from d, to reach the effect controlling burn rate, the spatial distribution of fuel, premix degree, realize low nitrogen burning and stable burning.The radical of cartridge 230 is 5-32 root, and in the present embodiment, the radical of cartridge is 8.Between 100-200m/s, in the present embodiment, the jet velocity of fuel is 150m/s to the jet velocity of fuel.The side of cartridge 230 can have 1-3 fuel nozzle ports 231, and the top surface of cartridge 230 can have fuel nozzle ports 231 can also not have fuel nozzle ports 231.The shape of this fuel nozzle ports 231 does not limit, and can be square or circular.The size of each fuel nozzle ports 231 and the arrangement mode in the side of cartridge 230 can also be different.For example, refer to Fig. 5 to Figure 10, the side of cartridge 230 can have square or circular fuel nozzle ports 231, can also there are two circular fuel nozzle ports 231, this two circular fuel nozzle ports 231 can be arranged above and below can also left-right situs, can also there are three fuel nozzle ports 231, this three fuel nozzle ports 231 left-right situs, fuel nozzle ports 231 in the middle of wherein are more slightly larger than the fuel nozzle ports 231 of both sides, the side of cartridge 230 can also have circular fuel nozzle ports 231, and has circular fuel nozzle ports 231 in top surface.Fuel nozzle ports 231 can be arranged directly on the side of cartridge 230 it is also possible to be arranged on the boss of cartridge 230 side.In the present embodiment, the side of cartridge 230 is formed with a boss, and this boss is provided with circular fuel nozzle ports 231.Fuel nozzle ports 231 can be 1-10 times of fuel nozzle ports 231 diameter apart from outer shroud 220 apart from d, controls d can control premixing effect, excellent take 1.5-3 times that d is fuel nozzle ports 231 diameter, in the present embodiment, d is 2 times of fuel nozzle ports 231 diameter.By adjusting above parameter, so that burner outlet produces required fuel mixability, realize the present embodiment second low nitrogen burning principle.
Air enters burner from air intake 31, in the presence of flow deflector 33 after air front flow deflector 32 with air, air uniformity is guaranteed, enter cylindrical air runner 21 after by air intake section 34 and necking section 35, at burner outlet, a part of air-flow passes through described spinning disk 221 and forms the very big swirling eddy of swirling number, passage around described cyclone for a part of air-flow passes through, and has thus carried out good tissue to the air-flow of burner outlet.
Fuel, through eight cartridges 230, is sprayed from fuel nozzle ports 231 high speed, produces strong effect of impact with outer shroud 220, mixed with air, reach partly-premixed effect.
Refer to Fig. 6, second embodiment of the invention provides the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner 40 of a percussion flow, the structure of the structure low nitrogen burner 10 partly-premixed with the percussion flow of first embodiment of the invention of the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner 40 of this percussion flow is essentially identical, and label identical represents identical with the structure of first embodiment.
One of difference is that described burner outlet is provided with secondary fuel spout 24, this secondary fuel spout 24 is distributed on the annulus of burner outlet, quantity is 10-40, a diameter of 2-6mm, accounting for total fuel ratio is 20-80%, this ratio is adjustable, plays fractional combustion, the effect of reduction nitrogen oxides.In the present embodiment, the quantity of described secondary fuel spout 24 is 36, and a diameter of 4mm accounts for total fuel ratio depending on practical situation.
Another difference is that and can also increase a steady flame section 25 in described burner outlet, this steady flame section 25 be secondary fuel outlet annulus to that section extending away from burner, can be straight section, enlarging, necking, adjustable length, material be refractory material.Flame structure can be changed by adjusting described steady flame section 25(Length and diameter), thus adapting to different burner hearths.
The embodiment of the present invention according to the condition of burning, including fuel change, temperature etc., by the design of cyclone 22 and the arrangement of fuel nozzle 23, can adjust rotational flow air amount and swirling number, thus controlling the combustion system of recirculating zone in running.
The partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow that the embodiment of the present invention is provided, using the principle of two kinds of low nitrogen burnings and stable burning:First, the effect by spinning disk for the fuel nozzle ports center, produces the stable combustion region of smoke backflow, this region can significantly reduce due to there is the interior circulation of high warm flue gas, NOx generation in burner outlet flame front;And, the stable recirculating zone that this burner produces is equivalent to one flame on duty of presence, greatly facilitates stablizing of flame.2nd, pass through fuel high velocity jet and spinning disk clashes into, produce a kind of strong immixture so that fuel is quickly mixed with air, reach a kind of partly-premixed state;Pass through the arrangement of fuel multi-port simultaneously, make fuel spatially produce deep or light distribution, reach dispersion and the effect of fractional combustion, while reducing flame combustion temperature, make the temperature field of burner outlet visibly homogeneous, greatly reduce thermal NO x and the generation of Quick-type NOx;The fuel concentration distribution producing in burner outlet reduces so that being tempered probability, and combustion stability increases.Fuel staging and partly-premixed can effectively improve efficiency of combustion, can achieve burn completely.
Embodiment of the present invention maximum is characterised by the effect of its low nitrogen burning, including the arrangement by the design of cyclone, burner nozzle, control the burn time mixing with oxygen and Hybrid analysis, thus controlling burn rate, the temperature of flame region and reactant in the time of staying of high-temperature region, finally it is effectively reduced heating power type and the generation of Quick-type NOx, realize NOx and generate less than 50mg/Nm3(@3.5%O2).The present embodiment can be coordinated well with flue gas recirculating technique, realizes stable burning, thus NOx is generated dropping below 20mg/Nm in the case of high flue gas recirculation rate3(@3.5%O2)Minimum discharge level.
Another significant feature of the embodiment of the present invention is the good stability of its burning, burning completely, forms recirculating zone by the design of cyclone in burner outlet, plays the effect of stable burning;The arrangement of burner nozzle can control premixing effect so that burner does not occur the problems such as be tempered.
The partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow provided by the present invention, combine multiple low nitrogen burning mechanism, it is different from diffusion combustion technology commonly used at present, diffusion combustion technology is difficult to Quick-type NOx is realized controlling, and the thermal NO x that local hot spot is formed is difficult to suppress;Also it is different from lean combustion premix technology, lean combustion premix is larger due to excess air coefficient, causes heat loss due to exhaust gas excessive, reduces system thermal efficiency, there is also the problem of combustion instability.
The partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow provided by the present invention, solves combustion instability, the low problem of the thermal efficiency of premixed flame and flue gas recirculation reducing NOx while generating.There is burning pollutant discharge few, for example, there is ultra-low NOx emission, completely, combustion stability is good, and high combustion efficiency is simple and reliable for structure for burning.Civilian and industrial furnace burning can use, and is with a wide range of applications.
In addition, those skilled in the art can also do other changes, these changes done according to present invention spirit in present invention spirit, all should be included in scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of a kind of percussion flow, it includes combustion head, and this combustion head includes:
One cylindrical empty flow channel;
One is arranged on this cyclone within cylindrical empty flow channel, and this cyclone includes outer shroud, internal ring, the spinning disk being arranged between this outer shroud and internal ring and the central bluff body being arranged on internal ring centre bore;
One outside being arranged on burner cyclone and be located at this fuel nozzle within cylindrical empty flow channel, the fuel nozzle ports that this fuel nozzle includes cartridge and is arranged at this cartridge side.
2. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is further provided with secondary fuel spout in the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner outlet of described percussion flow, this secondary fuel spout is distributed on the annulus of the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner outlet of described percussion flow.
3. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner outlet of described percussion flow is provided with steady flame section, this steady flame section is the annulus of described secondary fuel outlet to that section extending away from the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of described percussion flow.
4. it is characterised in that the quantity of described secondary fuel spout is 10-40, a diameter of 2-6mm, account for total fuel ratio is 20-80% to the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 3.
5. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the number of described spinning disk is 10-20.
6. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the range of tilt angles of described spinning disk is 10-30.
7. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the diameter of described inner ring and outerring is than for 1:3.
8. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the radical of described cartridge is 5-32 root.
9. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the top surface of each cartridge described is provided with fuel nozzle ports.
10. the partly-premixed low nitrogen burner of percussion flow as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described fuel nozzle ports are 1-10 times of this fuel nozzle ports diameter apart from the distance of described outer shroud.
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Cited By (10)

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CN107062226A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-08-18 北京市热力集团有限责任公司 A kind of big backflow low NO of high-temperature flue gas
CN107191932A (en) * 2017-07-07 2017-09-22 江阴创捷电气设备有限公司 Low NO
CN107514636A (en) * 2017-10-10 2017-12-26 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 A kind of suspension roaster burner and its application
CN109099427A (en) * 2018-10-15 2018-12-28 北京环科环保技术公司 A kind of combustion head of burner
CN109737401A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-10 西安交通大学 A kind of low NO being mixed and burned using lean gas/flammable cyclonic current
CN110986039A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-10 史星宇 Gas molecule collision diffusion premixing low-nitrogen combustion device and combustion head thereof
CN111121023A (en) * 2020-01-10 2020-05-08 清华大学 Fuel side flue gas recirculation nitrogen combustor and combustion method thereof
CN112113218A (en) * 2020-10-29 2020-12-22 清华大学 Double-hot-reflux partially-premixed low-nitrogen combustor and combustion method thereof
CN114659105A (en) * 2022-01-07 2022-06-24 清华大学 Straight rod type premix burner and low-nitrogen combustion method
CN114688559A (en) * 2022-02-17 2022-07-01 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 High-efficiency mixing head structure of low-emission hydrogen fuel combustion chamber

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CN109099427A (en) * 2018-10-15 2018-12-28 北京环科环保技术公司 A kind of combustion head of burner
CN109737401A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-10 西安交通大学 A kind of low NO being mixed and burned using lean gas/flammable cyclonic current
CN110986039A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-10 史星宇 Gas molecule collision diffusion premixing low-nitrogen combustion device and combustion head thereof
CN111121023A (en) * 2020-01-10 2020-05-08 清华大学 Fuel side flue gas recirculation nitrogen combustor and combustion method thereof
CN111121023B (en) * 2020-01-10 2024-06-04 清华大学 Fuel side flue gas recirculation nitrogen burner and combustion method thereof
CN112113218A (en) * 2020-10-29 2020-12-22 清华大学 Double-hot-reflux partially-premixed low-nitrogen combustor and combustion method thereof
CN114659105B (en) * 2022-01-07 2022-12-30 清华大学 Straight rod type premix burner and low-nitrogen combustion method
CN114659105A (en) * 2022-01-07 2022-06-24 清华大学 Straight rod type premix burner and low-nitrogen combustion method
CN114688559A (en) * 2022-02-17 2022-07-01 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 High-efficiency mixing head structure of low-emission hydrogen fuel combustion chamber

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