CN107062226B - High-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen combustor - Google Patents

High-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen combustor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107062226B
CN107062226B CN201710369010.6A CN201710369010A CN107062226B CN 107062226 B CN107062226 B CN 107062226B CN 201710369010 A CN201710369010 A CN 201710369010A CN 107062226 B CN107062226 B CN 107062226B
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China
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flue gas
backflow
air flow
temperature flue
annular air
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CN201710369010.6A
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CN107062226A (en
Inventor
刘荣
张立申
李仲博
赵军
贾萌
赫铮
周五林
张翊华
万云琴
王海鸿
周宇涵
张玥
林钧
张瑞娟
孟震
赵青
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BEIJING DISTRICT HEATING GROUP
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BEIJING DISTRICT HEATING GROUP
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14Special features of gas burners
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides a high temperature flue gas large reflux low nitrogen combustor, can be used in people and industrial furnace field, includes the combustor casing, be provided with central cylinder in the combustor casing, third level fuel nozzle, be a plurality of fin that radial distributes, second level fuel nozzle distributes in the middle of a plurality of fin, there are swirl vane and central cylinder air intake at the rear portion of central cylinder, the central cylinder front end has the inner skleeve, inner skleeve with form the inner annular air flow way between the central cylinder, outer skleeve with form annular air slit air flow way between the inner skleeve, annular air slit air flow way's front end is provided with the porous disc, annular air slit air flow way's rear end be the outer sleeve with form annular air slit between the inner skleeve, outer annular air flow way is formed between outer sleeve and the combustor casing, there is first level fuel nozzle in the outer annular air flow way, first level fuel nozzle all faces the inner wall of combustor casing.

Description

High-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen combustor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technology of industrial gas combustion devices, such as low-nitrogen burners and the like, in particular to a high-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen burner, wherein the high-temperature flue gas large-backflow refers to the fact that combustion flue gas in a hearth, namely high-temperature flue gas, can circularly flow into a furnace backflow area formed by burner nozzles, and the low-nitrogen refers to the fact that generation and emission of nitrogen oxides, namely NOX, can be reduced.
Background
Along with the rapid development of society and economy in China, the energy consumption is rapidly increased, the NOx emission is continuously increased, the environmental problem is increasingly serious, and the method has become one of the main factors threatening the sustainable development of human beings. In recent years, the national requirements on emission indexes are more and more stringent, so further control of Nitrogen Oxide (NOX) emission is of great importance for sustainable development of national economy and environmental protection. The generation of NOX is classified into three types, thermal NOX, rapid NOX, and fuel NOX, respectively. The nitrogen content in natural gas is low, so the main sources of NOx are thermal NOx and rapid NOx. Thermal NOX is produced at high temperatures in the air during combustion, with the main contributors being reaction temperature, concentration of N2 and O2 during reaction, and residence time, with the most critical contributors being reaction temperature. Rapid NOx is produced by a series of reactions between N2 in the air and hydrocarbon groups in the fuel.
The main low nitrogen combustion technologies at present are: low air-factor combustion, air staged combustion, fuel staged combustion, flue gas recirculation, flameless combustion, premixed combustion, etc. Natural gas low nitrogen combustion technology has been developed primarily around reducing combustion temperatures, thereby reducing the formation of thermal NOX. The reduction of the combustion temperature can be regulated by controlling the excess air ratio of the combustion reaction zone, and the basic idea is to enable the combustion to occur under the condition of deviating from the equivalence ratio of 1 and enable the combustion to be carried out under the condition of lean combustion or rich combustion, so that the occurrence of a local high-temperature zone is avoided, and the generation of thermal NOx is reduced. The reduction of the combustion temperature can also be achieved by means of flue gas recirculation, which comprises an inner flue gas recirculation and an outer flue gas recirculation. The internal circulation of the flue gas is that the flue gas flows back in the hearth through the special structural design of the burner and the hearth; the flue gas external circulation is to reintroduce the flue gas into the hearth from a certain part of the boiler through an external pipeline to participate in combustion reaction. The purpose of adding the flue gas recirculation is to add the combustion products of the flue gas into the combustion area, reduce the combustion temperature, and simultaneously the added flue gas can reduce the partial pressure of oxygen in the combustion area, thereby weakening the thermal NOx process generated by oxygen and nitrogen and finally reducing the emission of NOx.
The inventors have found that several low nitrogen burner technologies are currently featured, but each has some problems. For example, low excess air ratio combustion causes large combustion losses and low boiler thermal efficiency; premixed combustion technology burns unstably, possibly resulting in flashback or flameout; the partial pressure of oxygen can be reduced by the recirculation of flue gas, the combustion is unstable due to the increase of the air flow rate, and phenomena such as flameout, oscillation and the like occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a high-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen burner, wherein the high-temperature flue gas large-backflow refers to that combustion flue gas in a hearth, namely high-temperature flue gas, can circularly flow into a furnace backflow area formed by burner nozzles, and the low-nitrogen refers to that the generation and the emission of nitrogen oxides, namely NOX, can be reduced. The invention has the characteristics of complete combustion, good combustion stability, high thermal efficiency and less emission, and can be applied to the civil and industrial furnace fields.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a high temperature flue gas large reflux low nitrogen combustor, its characterized in that, includes the combustor casing, the rear end of combustor casing has the connection interface of connection air inlet section, be provided with central cylinder in the combustor casing, the central part of central cylinder front end is provided with third level fuel nozzle, follows the central part is provided with a plurality of fin that is radial distribution, and the second level fuel nozzle distributes in the middle of a plurality of fin, swirl vane and central cylinder air intake have been set gradually from front to back on the rear portion outer peripheral surface of central cylinder, be provided with the inner skleeve on the outer peripheral surface of central cylinder front end, the inner skleeve with form interior annular air flow channel between the central cylinder, the outside of inner skleeve is provided with the outer sleeve, form annular air gap air flow channel between the outer sleeve, the front end of annular air gap air flow channel is the annular air gap that forms between the outer sleeve with the inner skleeve, the outer fuel annular air flow channel is formed between the outer sleeve, the fuel annular air flow channel all is provided with the first level fuel nozzle towards the inner wall of combustor casing.
The first stage fuel nozzle is located on the front end peripheral surface of the first stage fuel nozzle.
The combustor casing is internally provided with inner wall blades at the front end of the casing.
The outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are both in a horn shape; or the outer sleeve is in a horn shape, the inner wall of the inner sleeve is in a straight cylinder shape, and the outer wall of the inner sleeve is in a cone shape; the slit width of the annular air slit is adjusted by axial displacement between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, and the slit width is narrowed when the outer sleeve moves forward.
The number of the fins is 10-20.
The number of the swirl blades is 10-30, and the installation angle of the swirl blades is 10-30 degrees.
The number of the first-stage fuel spray pipes is 5-10.
The number of the second-stage fuel nozzles is 4-8.
The number of the third-stage fuel nozzles is 6-12.
The aperture ratio of the porous disc is 1-5%.
The installation angle of the blades on the inner wall of the front end of the shell is 10-30 degrees.
The fuel quantity sprayed by the first-stage fuel nozzle accounts for 80-90% of the total fuel quantity.
The fuel quantity sprayed by the second-stage fuel nozzle accounts for 5-10% of the total fuel quantity.
The fuel quantity sprayed by the third-stage fuel nozzle accounts for 1-5% of the total fuel quantity.
The invention has the following technical effects: the high-temperature flue gas large backflow low-nitrogen burner with high thermal efficiency, stable combustion and low NOX emission can stably burn and burn completely while effectively reducing NOX generation by utilizing high-temperature flue gas large backflow and flue gas recirculation, has the characteristics of complete combustion, good stability, high efficiency and low emission, and can be applied to the fields of civil and industrial furnaces.
Compared with the prior art, the high-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen burner controls the flow velocity of the burner nozzle through three-stage fuel and by adjusting the axial position of the outer sleeve, thereby controlling the backflow area in the furnace and the backflow amount of the high-temperature flue gas, simultaneously achieving the aim of layering combustion flames through the air grading proportion, effectively reducing the superposition of the flames and the temperature of the flames, and further achieving the aim of controlling the emission of NOX.
The high-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen burner can form a special backflow vortex structure in a hearth: the air flow flowing out of the inner annular air flow channel forms two small backflow vortex pairs near the central area close to the burner nozzle, the backflow vortex not only plays a role in stabilizing combustion, but also can reduce the temperature of the backflow area when the flue gas flows back into the backflow area, so that NOX generation is reduced; the air flow flowing out of the outer annular air flow channel forms a large backflow area in the hearth, and the flue gas generated in the hearth flows back to the area, so that the formation of thermal NOx is effectively reduced. The invention can be matched with a flue gas recirculation technology, can stably burn at a higher flue gas recirculation rate and can completely burn, thereby reducing the generation of NOX to 30mg/Nm3 (Nm 3 refers to the volume of gas at 0 ℃ and 1 standard atmosphere pressure; N represents standard condition Nominal Condition, namely, the condition of air is that the temperature is 0 ℃ and the relative humidity is 0 percent or less, and reaching the level of ultralow emission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high temperature flue gas large backflow low nitrogen burner embodying the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the center assembly of fig. 1.
The reference numerals are listed below: 1-an air inlet section; 2-burner housing; 3-front end of the central cylinder; 4-ribs; 5-first stage fuel lance; 6-a porous disc; 7, inner wall blades at the front end of the shell; 8-an inner sleeve; 9-an outer sleeve; 10-third stage fuel nozzle; 11-a secondary fuel nozzle; 12-swirl vanes, 13-central cylinder; 14-an outer annulus flow passage; 15-an inner annulus flow passage; 16-annular air gaps; 17-annular air gap air flow passages; 50-first stage fuel jets; 130-a central cylinder air inlet.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings (fig. 1-2).
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high temperature flue gas large backflow low nitrogen burner embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the center assembly of fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the high-temperature flue gas large backflow low-nitrogen combustor comprises a combustor shell 2, a connecting interface for connecting an air inlet section 1 is arranged at the rear end of the combustor shell 2, a central cylinder 13 is arranged in the combustor shell 2, a third-stage fuel nozzle 10 is arranged at the central position of the front end 3 of the central cylinder, a plurality of radially distributed ribs 4 are arranged along the central position, second-stage fuel nozzles 11 are distributed among the ribs 4, swirl blades 12 and a central cylinder air inlet 130 are sequentially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the rear part of the central cylinder 13 from front to back, an inner sleeve 8 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the front end of the central cylinder 13, an inner air flow passage 15 is formed between the inner sleeve 8 and the central cylinder 13, an outer sleeve 9 is arranged at the outer side of the inner sleeve 8, an annular air flow passage 17 is formed between the outer sleeve 9 and the inner sleeve 8, a porous disc 6 is arranged at the front end of the annular air flow passage 17, an annular gap is formed between the outer sleeve 9 and the inner sleeve 8, and the inner sleeve 14 is formed between the annular fuel flow passage 5 and the outer sleeve 5, and the outer sleeve 14 is formed between the annular fuel flow passage 5 and the outer sleeve 2, and the annular flow passage 5 is formed between the inner sleeve 14 and the annular fuel flow passage 5.
The first-stage fuel nozzle 50 is located on the front end outer peripheral surface of the first-stage fuel nozzle 5. The burner housing 2 is internally provided with inner wall blades 7 (also called small blades) at the front end of the housing. The outer sleeve 9 and the inner sleeve 8 are both horn-shaped; or the outer sleeve is in a horn shape, the inner wall of the inner sleeve is in a straight cylinder shape, and the outer wall of the inner sleeve is in a cone shape; the slit width of the annular air slit 16 is adjusted by the axial displacement between the outer sleeve 9 and the inner sleeve 8, which is narrowed when the outer sleeve 9 is moved forward. The number of the fins 4 is 10-20. The number of the swirl blades 12 is 10-30, and the installation angle of the swirl blades 12 is 10-30 degrees. The number of the first-stage fuel spray pipes 5 is 5-10. The number of the second-stage fuel nozzles 11 is 4 to 8. The number of the third-stage fuel nozzles 10 is 6 to 12. The aperture ratio of the porous plate 6 is 1-5%. The installation angle of the inner wall blade 7 at the front end of the shell is 10-30 degrees. The first stage fuel nozzle 50 ejects fuel in an amount of 80 to 90% of the total fuel amount. The fuel quantity sprayed by the second-stage fuel nozzle 11 accounts for 5-10% of the total fuel quantity. The fuel quantity sprayed by the third-stage fuel nozzle 10 accounts for 1-5% of the total fuel quantity.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in this embodiment combustion air enters the burner housing 2 (also called a burner sleeve) from the air inlet section 1, a small portion of the air flow is split into the central cylinder 13 through the central cylinder air inlet 130 and then exits from the rib 4 side of the front end 3 of the central cylinder, and the majority of the air flow flows through the swirl vanes 12 and the swirl-surrounding channels. Under the action of the swirl vanes, the air flow has a certain rotation. The air flow is split at the burner front into three streams which flow through the inner annular air flow passage 15, the annular air gap 16 (also known as annular air intake gap) and the outer annular air flow passage 14, respectively. The outer ring air forms a large backflow structure at the middle lower part of the hearth, so that an environment of internal circulation of flue gas is formed, and the formation of thermal NOx is effectively reduced. The inner ring air forms a small vortex backflow area structure in front of the burner nozzle, when combustion is performed, smoke generated at the front end of flame can flow back into the backflow area, internal smoke recirculation is formed, the purpose of stable combustion is achieved, and generation of NOx is reduced. The flow rate of the three air flows can be controlled by adjusting the axial position of the outer sleeve 9.
Referring to fig. 1, one side of the rib 4 is used as an air outlet, and the flowing air flow forms a central weak swirl, which has a promoting effect on fuel blending and a certain effect on stable combustion. The number of the ribs 4 is 10-20, and the length of the ribs 4 is about 1/3 of the diameter of the front end 3 of the central cylinder. The number, length and width of the ribs 4 can be adjusted according to the actual fuel condition. Referring to fig. 2, the main function of the swirl vane 12 is to provide a certain number of gas swirl numbers, and the number of swirl vanes is 10-30. In the present embodiment, the number of swirl vanes 12 is 16, and the installation angle is 30 °. The swirl size of the swirl vanes 12 can be optimized by adjusting the number of the swirl vanes 12 and the installation angle of the swirl vanes 1). Referring to fig. 1, the size of the porous plate 6 has a very large influence on the overall flow field, and the size of the porous plate 6 affects the flow rate of the combustion air flow, thereby affecting the combustion stability and combustion flame morphology. In this embodiment, the size of the porous plate 6 is adjusted to a size range in which the air flow rates of the inner and outer rings reach about 60 m/s.
In this embodiment, the fuel quantity is distributed in three stages, wherein the primary fuel nozzle is arranged at the periphery of the burner cylinder, the primary fuel nozzle 50 is arranged on the side wall of the primary fuel nozzle 5, and the fuel is ejected from the primary fuel nozzle 50 to strike the wall surface of the burner cylinder, and flows to the hearth along with the outer ring air flow after being primarily mixed with the outer ring air flow. The secondary fuel nozzle 11 opens in the outer peripheral region of the central cylinder front end 3. The tertiary fuel nozzle 10 opens at the front end 3 of the central cylinder in the inner circumferential region. After being sprayed out from the secondary fuel nozzles 11 and the tertiary fuel nozzles 10, the fuel is preliminarily premixed with the air discharged from the side edges of the ribs 4 and flows into a hearth for combustion. The number of fuel nozzles, the fuel injection rate, and the fuel nozzle shape can all be used to control the mixing time of fuel and air. The number of the primary fuel spray pipes 5 is 5-10. In this embodiment, the number of nozzles is 5, and the nozzle shape is square. The number of secondary fuel nozzles 11 is 4 to 8, and in this embodiment, the number of nozzles is 4, and the nozzle shape is circular. The number of tertiary fuel jets 10 is 6 to 12, in this embodiment 8 jets, and the shape of the jets is circular.
It is noted that the above description is helpful for a person skilled in the art to understand the present invention, but does not limit the scope of the present invention. Any and all such equivalent substitutions, modifications and/or deletions as may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a high temperature flue gas large reflux low nitrogen combustor which is characterized in that, including the combustor casing, the rear end of combustor casing has the connection interface of connection air inlet section, be provided with central cylinder in the combustor casing, the central part of central cylinder front end is provided with third level fuel nozzle, be provided with a plurality of fin that is radial distribution along central part, second level fuel nozzle distributes in the middle of a plurality of fin, swirl vane and central cylinder air intake have been set gradually from front to back on the rear portion outer peripheral face of central cylinder, be provided with the inner skleeve on the outer peripheral face of central cylinder front end, form interior annular air flow channel between inner skleeve and the central cylinder, the outside of inner skleeve is provided with the outer sleeve, form annular air gap air flow channel between outer sleeve and the inner skleeve, annular air gap air flow channel's rear end is the annular air gap that forms between outer sleeve and the inner skleeve, the fuel annular air gap that forms between outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, the fuel annular air flow channel all is provided with the first level fuel nozzle towards the inner wall of the combustor casing;
the fuel quantity sprayed out of the first-stage fuel nozzle accounts for 80-90% of the total fuel quantity, the fuel quantity sprayed out of the second-stage fuel nozzle accounts for 5-10% of the total fuel quantity, and the fuel quantity sprayed out of the third-stage fuel nozzle accounts for 1-5% of the total fuel quantity;
the high-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen burner controls the flow velocity of a burner nozzle through three-stage fuel and by adjusting the axial position of an outer sleeve, thereby controlling the backflow area in the furnace and the high-temperature flue gas backflow amount, and simultaneously achieving the aim of layering combustion flames through air grading proportion so as to reduce flame superposition and flame temperature, thereby achieving the aim of controlling NOX emission;
the high-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen burner forms a special backflow vortex structure in a hearth: the air flow flowing out of the inner annular air flow channel forms two small backflow vortex pairs near the central area close to the burner nozzle, the backflow vortex pairs not only play a role in stabilizing combustion, but also can reduce the temperature of the backflow area when the flue gas flows back into the backflow area, so that NOX generation is reduced; the air flow flowing out of the outer annular air flow channel forms a large backflow area in the hearth, and the flue gas generated in the hearth flows back to the area, so that the formation of thermal NOx is effectively reduced.
2. A high temperature flue gas high reflux low nitrogen burner according to claim 1, wherein said first stage fuel nozzle is located on the forward peripheral surface of said first stage fuel nozzle.
3. The high temperature flue gas large backflow low nitrogen burner of claim 1, wherein the burner housing is internally provided with housing front end inner wall blades.
4. The high temperature flue gas large backflow low nitrogen burner of claim 1, wherein said outer sleeve and said inner sleeve are both flared; or the outer sleeve is in a horn shape, the inner wall of the inner sleeve is in a straight cylinder shape, and the outer wall of the inner sleeve is in a cone shape; the slit width of the annular air slit is adjusted by axial displacement between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, and the slit width is narrowed when the outer sleeve moves forward.
5. The high-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1, wherein the number of the fins is 10-20.
6. The high-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen combustor according to claim 1, wherein the number of the swirl vanes is 10-30, and the installation angle of the swirl vanes is 10-30 degrees.
7. The high temperature flue gas large backflow low nitrogen burner according to claim 1, wherein the number of the first stage fuel nozzles is 5-10, the number of the second stage fuel nozzles is 4-8, and the number of the third stage fuel nozzles is 6-12.
8. The high temperature flue gas large backflow low nitrogen burner according to claim 1, wherein the aperture ratio of the porous plate is 1-5%.
9. A high temperature flue gas large backflow low nitrogen burner according to claim 3, wherein the mounting angle of the inner wall blades at the front end of the housing is 10-30 °.
CN201710369010.6A 2017-05-23 2017-05-23 High-temperature flue gas large-backflow low-nitrogen combustor Active CN107062226B (en)

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CN104791846A (en) * 2015-03-17 2015-07-22 上海交通大学 Low-swirl premix nozzle of gas turbine low-pollution combustion chamber
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CN206890519U (en) * 2017-05-23 2018-01-16 北京市热力集团有限责任公司 A kind of big backflow low NO of high-temperature flue gas

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