CN110822430B - Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage cyclone - Google Patents

Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage cyclone Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110822430B
CN110822430B CN201911159275.9A CN201911159275A CN110822430B CN 110822430 B CN110822430 B CN 110822430B CN 201911159275 A CN201911159275 A CN 201911159275A CN 110822430 B CN110822430 B CN 110822430B
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stage
impeller
blades
stage swirl
swirl impeller
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CN110822430A (en
Inventor
林继铭
李浩蓁
林得福
张勇
苏波
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Huaqiao University
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Huaqiao University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74Preventing flame lift-off
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82Preventing flashback or blowback

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a low-nitrogen combustor based on a multi-stage cyclone, wherein a first-stage cyclone impeller and a second-stage cyclone impeller are arranged from inside to outside in the radial direction of a flame stabilizing disc; the center of the flame stabilizing disc is provided with a center fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller are provided with first through holes with different diameters, and auxiliary fuel nozzles with circular blade circumferences are arranged on the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller; the first-stage swirl impeller is positioned below the second-stage swirl impeller along the axial direction of the combustion cylinder, the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are distributed in a stepped manner, and blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and blades of the second-stage swirl impeller are separated by a diffusion cover of the first-stage swirl impeller; the outer circumference of the second rotational flow impeller is also provided with a diffusion cover, and the circumference is provided with second flow holes with different sizes and uniform distribution; the angle of the first secondary cyclone blade decreases in the radial direction of the combustion cylinder; the fan is arranged at the lower end of the low-nitrogen combustor along the axial direction. The burner has high combustion efficiency and low emission of nitrogen oxides.

Description

Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage cyclone
Technical Field
The present invention relates to burners, and more particularly to low nitrogen burners.
Background
The annual energy statistics in 2018 indicates that China is still the largest world energy consumption country, environmental problems caused by energy consumption are continuously valued, and haze weather which appears in large areas in China for several times in recent years is an unprecedented social concern, so that energy efficiency improvement and environment protection are two main subjects of energy research science.
NOx generated in the combustion process is a main factor causing environmental pollution, the level of the NOx generation amount becomes an important index for measuring the combustion performance of the burner, and the harm of the combustion product NOx to the environment and human body is great, so that the emission amount of NOx needs to be controlled. A burner is a device that converts chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy. The basic purpose of the combustion device is to reasonably organize the combustion process of fuel in the heat exchange device so as to ensure that the work of the combustion device meets the requirements of technology, economy and environmental protection. The method of burning the fuel and the rational construction of the combustion device have a direct and important influence on the thermal process within the plant. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an improved gas burner technical scheme, which can improve the combustion efficiency of the gas and obtain better energy-saving and environment-friendly effects while generating extremely low nitrogen oxides.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a burner with high combustion efficiency and low emission of nitrogen oxides. After the burner is adopted, the ignition speed of the fuel gas is high, and the flame is stable. In addition, the combustor can realize full combustion of fuel gas, has stable combustion state, reduces the probability of backfire and fire removal, and effectively reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
A low nitrogen combustor based on a multi-stage cyclone, comprising: the combustion cylinder, the flame stabilizing disc, the gas inlet channel and the fan are axially communicated;
The first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are arranged from inside to outside in the radial direction of the flame stabilizing disc; the center of the flame stabilizing disc is provided with a center fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller are provided with first through holes with different diameters, and the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller are provided with auxiliary fuel nozzles with circular blade circumferences; the side wall of the central fuel nozzle is provided with a first nozzle hole along the circumferential direction; two rows of second nozzle holes are formed in the side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle towards the direction of the central fuel nozzle, and two parallel rows of fine holes are formed in the direction opposite to the direction of the central fuel nozzle;
The first-stage swirl impeller is positioned below the second-stage swirl impeller along the axial direction of the combustion cylinder, the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are distributed in a stepped manner, and blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and blades of the second-stage swirl impeller are separated by a diffusion cover of the first-stage swirl impeller; the outer circumference of the second rotational flow impeller is also provided with a diffusion cover, and the circumference is provided with two rows of second flow holes with different sizes and uniform distribution;
the fan is arranged at the lower end of the low-nitrogen combustor along the axial direction.
In a preferred embodiment: the first through flow holes and the second through flow holes are round, and the diameter of the first through flow holes is larger than that of the second through flow holes.
In a preferred embodiment: the first through holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage cyclone blades, the number of the first through holes in each row is the same as that of the first-stage cyclone blades, and the diameter of the first through holes is from small to large in the radial direction of the first-stage cyclone;
of the two rows of second flow holes, the second flow holes located inside along the diffusion direction of the diffusion cover have larger diameters.
In a preferred embodiment: the angle value of the included angle between the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller and the tangential direction is set to be 35 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment: the angle values of the included angles between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller and the tangential direction of the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller are sequentially decreased in the radial direction from inside to outside, and the difference is 5 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment: the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle gradually decrease in height from outside to inside and are distributed in a step shape.
In a preferred embodiment: the pipe diameters of air inlet pipes of the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle are different.
In a preferred embodiment: the diffusion covers of the first-stage cyclone impeller and the second-stage cyclone impeller are respectively inclined inwards.
In a preferred embodiment: compared with the prior art, the connecting part of the central fuel inlet pipe and the first-stage swirl impeller is connected through the thin ring, and the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage cyclone, which is a combustor with high combustion efficiency and low emission of nitrogen oxides. After the burner is adopted, the ignition speed of the fuel gas is high, and the flame is stable. In addition, the combustor can realize full combustion of fuel gas, has stable combustion state, reduces the probability of backfire and fire removal, and effectively reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flame stabilizing tray structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low nitrogen combustor based on a multi-stage cyclone;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a first stage swirl impeller and a second stage swirl impeller;
In the figure: 1-a diffusion cover of a second-stage cyclone impeller; 2-a diffusion cover of the first-stage cyclone impeller; 3-a second stage swirl impeller; 4-a first stage swirl impeller; 5-a second vent; 6-a first through-flow hole; 7-a combustion cylinder; 8-auxiliary fuel inlet pipe; 9-ring combustion cylinder auxiliary gas inlet channel; 10-a fuel gas inlet channel; 11-a center fuel nozzle; 12-a fan; 13-auxiliary fuel nozzles; 14-fan blades.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the description is further illustrated below in connection with specific embodiments. It should be noted that: the following examples are given for illustration of the invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the invention, but all technical solutions and modifications thereof which do not depart from the scope of the invention are included in the scope of the claims.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a low-nitrogen burner based on a multistage cyclone has a combustion vessel 7, a flame stabilizing disk, a gas inlet duct 10 and a fan 12 which are axially penetrated.
In the radial direction of the flame stabilizing disc, a first-stage swirl impeller 4 and a second-stage swirl impeller 3 are arranged from inside to outside. The central fuel nozzle 11 is installed in the center of the flame stabilizing tray and communicates with the gas inlet duct 10 through a central fuel inlet duct. The blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 are provided with first through holes 6 with different diameters, and the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are provided with auxiliary fuel nozzles 13 with annular blade circumferences. The auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 is communicated with the auxiliary fuel gas inlet channel 9 of the annular combustion cylinder through an auxiliary fuel gas inlet pipeline 8.
The side wall of the center fuel nozzle 11 is provided with a first nozzle hole in the circumferential direction; two rows of second nozzle holes are arranged on the side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 towards the direction of the central fuel nozzle 11, and two parallel rows of fine holes are arranged on the side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 away from the direction of the central fuel nozzle 11, so as to adjust the quantity of fuel sprayed out of the auxiliary fuel nozzle 11.
In this embodiment, the air inlet pipes of the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle have different pipe diameters. In this way, the fuel amounts of the center fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel intake nozzle can be individually adjusted.
Along the axial direction of the combustion cylinder 7, the first-stage swirl impeller 4 is positioned below the second-stage swirl impeller 3, the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are distributed in a stepped shape, and the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are separated by the diffusion cover 2 of the second-stage swirl impeller 3. The outer circumference of the second stage swirl impeller 3 is also provided with a diffusion cover 1, and the circumference is provided with second ventilation holes 5 which are of different sizes and are uniformly distributed.
The lower end of the low-nitrogen burner is connected with a fan 12. When the air-jet type burner works, air is blown into the combustion cylinder 7 through the fan 12, and when the air passes through the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3, the air is spirally increased through the guidance of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3, so that the air through-flow rate is accelerated, and the spirally increased air is fully mixed with fuel at the outer ends of the central fuel nozzle 11 and the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 for combustion, so that the combustion efficiency is improved. In addition, the air flow can cool the combustion cylinder 7, so that a local high-temperature area is avoided, and the emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the first through flow holes 6 and the second through flow holes 5 are all round, the first through flow holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage cyclone blades, the number of the first through flow holes in each row is the same as that of the first-stage cyclone blades, and the diameter of the first through flow holes is from small to large in the radial direction of the first-stage cyclone; of the two rows of second flow holes, the second flow holes located inside along the diffusion direction of the diffusion cover have larger diameters. Therefore, swirl flow with high strength and certain temperature difference are generated near the central fuel air inlet pipeline, and central negative pressure is formed near the central fuel air inlet pipeline, so that the quick and stable combustion of fuel gas is facilitated. The gas nozzle is divided into a central fuel nozzle 11 and surrounding auxiliary fuel nozzles 13, the central fuel nozzle 11 supplies heat at the central position of the burner, the auxiliary fuel nozzles 13 provide combustion-supporting gas, and the nozzles are uniformly distributed so that the combustion in the combustion chamber is more uniform and stable.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the first through flow holes 6 with diameters from large to small are arranged in the radial direction of the first-stage swirl impeller 4, so that backflow is generated in the combustion process, and part of combustion flue gas is sucked back. The mixed fuel of the smoke sucked back reduces the concentration of oxygen, forms dispersion combustion, slows down combustion reaction, reduces flame temperature, ensures uniform combustion temperature distribution and reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides. The included angle between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the tangential direction is set to be about 35 degrees, so that a negative pressure backflow area can be formed in the combustion center, the timely backflow of high-temperature flue gas is ensured, the ignition of timely fuel gas is ensured, the combustion stability is ensured, and tempering and fire-escaping phenomena are avoided.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are distributed stepwise along the radial direction of the combustion cylinder 7, and the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are uniformly arranged with the axis of the combustion cylinder 7 as the center. The blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 cut air flowing into the combustion cylinder 7 and generate rotary airflow, so that the air is more fully mixed with air around the gas nozzle, and the flow is enhanced to enable the combustion to be more rapid and stable.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the peripheries of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are respectively provided with the diffusion covers 2 and 1, and two flame areas are formed in the combustion cylinder 7, so that the introduced fuel gas can be quickly and timely ignited to form a good air dynamic field, the combustion state of the fuel gas is stabilized, and the condition of backfire or flame failure in the furnace is avoided. The angle values of the included angles between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 and the respective directions of the blades are sequentially decreased from inside to outside in the radial direction, and the difference is 5 degrees. The blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 have the gradually decreasing angles of the included angles in the tangential directions of the blades, so that the problem of air deflection in the combustion process can be effectively prevented, and the mixing degree of fuel gas and air is enhanced. The flame is burnt in a partitioned mode, pressure difference is generated in the combustion process, energy exchange is generated in the two areas, the mixing degree of air and fuel is quickened, the combustion strength is enhanced, the combustion torch is shortened, and therefore the purposes of reducing the size of a hearth and improving the efficiency of a boiler are achieved. The fuel and the primary air are quickly mixed in the internal combustion chamber to form a primary flame zone rich in fuel, and only part of the fuel is combusted due to oxygen deficiency, and volatile matters are separated out from the fuel in the primary flame zone lean in oxygen and low in flame temperature, so that the generation of nitrogen oxides is reduced.
In the low-nitrogen burner, the central fuel nozzle 11 and the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 gradually decrease in height from outside to inside and are distributed in a stepped manner, and the gas which is not completely combusted at the central fuel nozzle 11 can be continuously combusted near the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13, so that the emission of low-price nitrogen oxides is reduced again, and meanwhile, the two-stage flame stabilizing disc with the stepped structure stabilizes the flame, reduces the fluctuation of the flame, provides stable combustion and improves the combustion effect.
The low-nitrogen burner adopts a nozzle structure suitable for multi-zone combustion, can effectively disperse flame through multi-zone combustion, reduces the local high temperature condition, and effectively reduces the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides. The central fuel air inlet pipe and the auxiliary fuel air inlet pipe can be filled with fuels with different concentrations, and the best combustion efficiency is obtained by correcting the fuel ratio of the two fuel air inlet pipes.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the diffusion covers 2 and 1 inclined inwards are arranged on the peripheries of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3, so that fuel gas and air are guided inwards, secondary combustion is realized, and combustion efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the diffusion cover which is contracted inwards makes the structure more compact, improves the combustion efficiency and reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the connection part of the central fuel inlet pipe and the first-stage swirl impeller 4 is provided with a thin ring connection, so that the loss of the outflow speed of fuel gas sprayed out from the vicinity of the outer ring of the central combustion nozzle can be reduced, and the combustion speed can be improved.
The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Variations, modifications, etc. of the above-described embodiments are intended to fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention, as long as they are in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A low nitrogen combustor based on a multi-stage cyclone, comprising: the combustion cylinder, the flame stabilizing disc, the gas inlet channel and the fan are axially communicated;
The first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are arranged from inside to outside in the radial direction of the flame stabilizing disc; the center of the flame stabilizing disc is provided with a center fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller are provided with first through holes with different diameters, and the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller are provided with auxiliary fuel nozzles with circular blade circumferences; the side wall of the central fuel nozzle is provided with a first nozzle hole along the circumferential direction; two rows of second nozzle holes are formed in the side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle towards the direction of the central fuel nozzle, and two parallel rows of fine holes are formed in the direction away from the central fuel nozzle;
The first-stage swirl impeller is positioned below the second-stage swirl impeller along the axial direction of the combustion cylinder, the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are distributed in a stepped manner, and blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and blades of the second-stage swirl impeller are separated by a diffusion cover of the first-stage swirl impeller; the outer circumference of the second-stage cyclone impeller is also provided with a diffusion cover, and the circumference is provided with two rows of second ventilation holes with different sizes and uniform distribution;
The fan is arranged at the lower end of the low-nitrogen combustor along the axial direction; the first through flow holes and the second through flow holes are round, and the diameter of the first through flow holes is larger than that of the second through flow holes; the first through holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage cyclone blades, the number of the first through holes in each row is the same as that of the first-stage cyclone blades, and the diameter of the first through holes is from small to large in the radial direction of the first-stage cyclone;
of the two rows of second flow holes, the second flow holes located inside along the diffusion direction of the diffusion cover have larger diameters.
2. A low nitrogen burner based on a multistage cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the angle value of the included angle between the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller and the tangential direction is set to be 35 degrees.
3. A low nitrogen burner based on a multistage cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the angle values of the included angles between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller and the tangential direction of the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller are sequentially decreased in the radial direction from inside to outside, and the difference is 5 degrees.
4. A low nitrogen burner based on a multistage cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle gradually decrease in height from outside to inside and are distributed in a step shape.
5. A low nitrogen burner based on a multistage cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipe diameters of air inlet pipes of the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle are different.
6. A low nitrogen burner based on a multistage cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diffusion covers of the first-stage cyclone impeller and the second-stage cyclone impeller are respectively inclined inwards.
7. A low nitrogen burner based on a multistage cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the central fuel nozzle is communicated with the fuel gas inlet channel through a central fuel inlet pipeline; the joint of the central fuel inlet pipe and the first-stage swirl impeller is connected through a thin ring.
CN201911159275.9A 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage cyclone Active CN110822430B (en)

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CN111271708B (en) * 2020-03-27 2024-06-07 华侨大学 Low-nitrogen burner
CN111457371B (en) * 2020-05-12 2024-06-07 华侨大学 Low nitrogen burner
CN111878816B (en) * 2020-06-12 2022-06-21 福建省铁拓机械股份有限公司 Steady flame dish of blade angularly adjustable
CN113310071B (en) * 2021-06-16 2022-11-15 哈尔滨工程大学 A Coaxial Staged Burner for Low Pollution Combustion Chamber of Gas Fuel Gas Turbine
CN113606580A (en) * 2021-07-28 2021-11-05 华侨大学 Steady flame dish and combustor

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