CN106478702B - 一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机化学领域,为开发结构新颖以及光化学性质优异的BODIPY类荧光染料,本发明提出了一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料及其制备方法与应用,本发明的荧光具有较高的荧光量子产率(0.99)和较好的光稳定性等优良的光物理化学性能,同时该制备方法简单,原料易得,对设备要求低,易于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化学领域,具体涉及一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
氟硼二吡咯亚甲基(BODIPY)类荧光染料的发展受到研究工作者的广泛关注,此类荧光染料是由Treibs和Kreuzer等人于1968年首次合成并报道。BODIPY具有优异的理化性质,如较高的荧光量子产率和摩尔消光系数;良好的光稳定性和化学稳定性;吸收发射波长可以调控;易于进行化学修饰等。经过几十年的发展BODIPY荧光染料被广泛应用于激光染料、荧光成像中的荧光标记和染色材料、荧光传感器中的指示剂等领域。因此开发结构新颖以及光化学性质优异的BODIPY类荧光染料是一项具有重要意义的工作。
近年来,人们采取各种策略来改变BODIPY的光谱性质,如对meso位、3,5位、2,6位的修饰以及氮原子取代8号位的碳原子形成aza-BODIPY。然而,通常在meso位的修饰不能改变其吸收和发射波长的问题。
发明内容
为开发结构新颖以及光化学性质优异的BODIPY类荧光染料,本发明提出了一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料及其制备方法与应用,本发明的荧光具有较高的荧光量子产率(0.99)和较好的光稳定性等优良的光物理化学性能,同时该制备方法简单,原料易得,对设备要求低,易于工业化生产。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料,所述的氟硼二吡咯荧光染料具有如(I)所示的结构式,
式中,X1、X2、X3分别独立选自F、Cl、Br、H、芳香基、脂肪链中一种,R1、R2分别独立选自H、CH3、CH=CH-(CH2)nCH3、CH=CH-(C6H4)R3、Cl、Br、I、芳香基中一种,其中n=1-10的整数,R3选自为NO2、COOCH3、COOM,M选自H、Li、Na、K、NH4中一种。
一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料制备方法为以下步骤:
(1)2-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯在路易斯酸催化条件下反应得到亚胺产物;
具体步骤为:2-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯,在惰性气体保护下,逐滴加入路易斯酸;滴加完成后保持反应0.5-3小时,然后除去吡咯,提纯得到亚胺产物;作为优选,减压蒸馏,蒸出吡咯,得到黑色油状物经硅胶柱层析(80%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得亚胺产物。
作为优选,所述的2-硝基苯甲醛中硝基为苯甲醛的邻位,所述的吡咯在2-或2,5-位置为氢,吡咯与2-硝基苯甲醛的摩尔比为2-38∶1。
作为优选,路易斯酸选自三氟乙酸,路易斯酸与2-硝基苯甲醛的摩尔比为0.001-0.25∶1。
(2)亚胺产物在溶剂中,与氧化剂、缚酸剂、三氟化硼乙醚络合物(BF3·OEt2)在室温条件下进行氧化、配位合成中间产物,即各类含硝基的氟硼二吡咯亚甲基(BODIPY);通过meso位取代基与其母核1号位相连接设计合成了一系列新颖的BODIPY衍生物。
具体步骤为:在惰性气体保护下,将亚胺产物在溶剂中溶解,依次加入氧化剂,搅拌0.5-3小时后加入缚酸剂,反应10分钟后再逐滴加入三氟化硼乙醚络合物(BF3·OEt2),室温下搅拌反应0.5-3h后加入蒸馏水淬灭反应,萃取,干燥,提纯,得到中间产物。优选为采用相同溶剂萃取,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压浓缩所得粗产物经硅胶柱层析(50%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得到中间产物。
作为优选,溶剂选自正己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙醚、环氧丙烷、四氢呋喃、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、戊烷、己烷、辛烷、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丙酯中一种,使用量为使溶剂溶解的量。
作为优选,氧化剂选自二氯二氰苯醌(DDQ),氧化剂与亚胺产物的摩尔比为1∶1.
作为优选,缚酸剂选自三乙胺,缚酸剂与亚胺产物的摩尔比为3-20∶1。
作为优选,三氟化硼乙醚络合物(BF3·OEt2)与亚胺产物的摩尔比为5-22∶1。
制备方法中可以将步骤(1)与步骤(2)合起来,采用一锅法直接制备中间产物。
(3)将步骤(2)的产物进行还原得到氟硼二吡咯荧光染料;
具体步骤为:在惰性气体保护下,步骤(2)的产物与还原剂、在邻二氯苯中反应大于24小时后分离得到一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料。
作为优选,还原剂选自三苯基膦、亚磷酸三乙酯中一种,还原剂与步骤(2)产物的摩尔比为1-20∶1。当还原剂使用亚磷酸三乙酯时,步骤(2)的产物与还原剂直接反应,不需要在邻二氯苯中反应。
所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料在在荧光标记、生物成像中的应用。本发明在meso位引入邻硝基苯经还原使其与母核1位或7位相连的氟硼二吡咯荧光染料,优化BODIPY类化合物的光谱性质。该类荧光具有较高的荧光量子产率(0.99)和较好的光稳定性等优良的光物理化学性能,在有机荧光传感器、荧光标记、生物成像、环境检测以及有机发光器件等领域具有良好的应用前景。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)制备方法简单,原料易得,对设备要求低,易于工业化生产;
(2)本发明制备的荧光具有较高的荧光量子产率(0.99)和较好的光稳定性等优良的光物理化学性能。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,实施例中所用原料均可市购。
实施例1
在一个(100mL)干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入2-硝基苯甲醛(2g,13mmol),在氮气保护下,加入吡咯(35mL,494mmol),再缓慢逐滴加入三氟乙酸(245μL,1.3mmol),滴加完成后保持反应1小时。然后直接进行减压蒸馏,蒸出吡咯,得到黑色油状物经硅胶柱层析(80%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得亚胺产物1.92g。
称取亚胺产物(500mg,1.87mmol)用100mL干燥的二氯甲烷溶解,分批加入DDQ(425mg,1.87mmol),搅拌1小时后,缓慢加入2mL(14.42mmol)干燥的三乙胺,反应10分钟后再逐滴加入2.2mL(17.44mmol)BF3·OEt2,室温下搅拌反应约1h即可反应完。加入蒸馏水15mL淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压浓缩所得粗产物经硅胶柱层析(50%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得产物a1(352mg,产率59%)。
在一个(50mL)干燥的反应管中,加入a1(140mg,0.45mmol)和三苯基膦(590mg,2.25mmol),在氮气保护下,加入邻二氯苯3mL,反应约24小时后反应结束,用层析柱(10%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷)分离即可得到黄色固体纯产物,结构式如(I-1)所示的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料1(62mg),产率49.2%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:10.53(s,1H),8.54(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.95(d,1H),7.68(s,1H),7.64-7.59(m,1H),7.51-7.43(m,2H),7.38(d,1H),6.61-6.52(m,1H),6.22(d,1H)
HR-MS:Calcd.for C15H10BF2N3[M+Na]+304.0831.Found 304.0843.
结构式为:
实施例2
在一个(100mL)干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入5-氟2-硝基苯甲醛(2g,11.8mmol),在氮气保护下,加入吡咯(17mL,236mmol),再缓慢逐滴加入三氟乙酸(5μL,0.02mmol),滴加完成后保持反应2小时。然后直接进行减压蒸馏,蒸出吡咯,得到黑色油状物经硅胶柱层析(80%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得墨绿色亚胺产物2.2g。
称取亚胺产物(300mg,1.1mmol)用100mL干燥的正己烷溶解,分批加入DDQ(239mg,1.1mmol),搅拌2小时后,缓慢加入干燥的三乙胺(458μL,3.3mmol),反应10分钟后再逐滴加入BF3·OEt2(2.2mL,17.44mmol),室温下搅拌反应约2h即可反应完。加入蒸馏水15mL淬灭反应,正己烷萃取,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压浓缩所得粗产物经硅胶柱层析(70%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得产物a2(270mg,产率77%)。
在一个(50mL)干燥的反应管中,加入a2(320mg,0.97mmol)和三苯基膦(2.544g,9.7mmol),在氮气保护下,加入邻二氯苯3mL,反应约24小时后反应结束,用层析柱(50%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)分离即可得到黄色固体纯产物,结构式如(I-2)所示的的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料2(110mg),产率49.5%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.65(dd,J=10.7Hz,1H),8.38(d,1H),8.17(dd,J=9.4Hz,1H),7.97-7.88(m,1H),7.78(d,1H),7.56(s,1H),6.79(d,1H),6.60(dd,1H).
HR-MS:Calcd.for C15H9BF3N3[M+Na]+322.0737.Found 322.0739.
结构式为:
实施例3
在一个(100mL)干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入4-氯2-硝基苯甲醛(1g,5.4mmol),在氮气保护下,加入吡咯(14.2mL,204.8mmol),再缓慢逐滴加入三氟乙酸(143μL,0.54mmol),滴加完成后保持反应3小时。然后直接进行减压蒸馏,蒸出吡咯,得到棕黄色油状物经硅胶柱层析(80%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得棕黄色固体亚胺产物1.66g。
称取亚胺产物(600mg,1.99mmol)用100mL干燥的甲苯溶解,分批加入DDQ(452mg,1.99mmol),搅拌3小时后,缓慢加入干燥的三乙胺(2.5mL,18.03mmol),反应10分钟后再逐滴加入BF3·OEt2(1.30mL,10mmol),室温下搅拌反应约3h即可反应完。加入蒸馏水2mL淬灭反应,甲苯萃取,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压浓缩所得粗产物经硅胶柱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)提纯,得产物a3(560mg,产率81%)。
在一个(100mL)干燥的反应管中,加入a3(300mg,0.86mmol)和三苯基膦(1.132g,4.32mmol),在氮气保护下,加入邻二氯苯3mL,反应约24小时后反应结束,用层析柱(5%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷)分离即可得到棕黄色固体纯产物,结构式如(I-3)所示的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料3(96mg),产率35.4%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.97(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.33(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.73-7.61(m,2H),7.53(s,1H),6.74(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J=3.7,2.4Hz,1H).
HR-MS:Calcd.for C15H9ClBF2[Na+]338.0441.Found 338.0449.
结构式为:
实施例4
在一个(100mL)干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入4-溴2-硝基苯甲醛(1g,4.4mmol),在氮气保护下,加入吡咯(11.5mL,165.2mmol),再缓慢逐滴加入三氟乙酸(80μL,1.1mmol),滴加完成后保持反应1.5小时。然后直接进行减压蒸馏,蒸出吡咯,得到棕黄色油状物经硅胶柱层析(80%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得棕黄色固体亚胺产物1.61g。
称取亚胺产物(500mg,1.44mmol)用100mL干燥的四氢呋喃溶解,分批加入DDQ(328mg,1.44mmol),搅拌40分钟后,缓慢加入2.5mL(18.03mmol)干燥的三乙胺,反应10分钟后再逐滴加入3mL(23.78mmol)BF3·OEt2,室温下搅拌反应约40分钟即可反应完。加入蒸馏水2mL淬灭反应,四氢呋喃萃取,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压浓缩所得粗产物经硅胶柱层析(50%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得产物a4(405mg,产率72%)。
在一个(100mL)干燥的反应管中,加入a4(400mg,1.02mmol)和三苯基膦(268mg,1.02mmol),在氮气保护下,加入邻二氯苯3mL,反应约24小时后反应结束,用层析柱(5%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷)分离即可得到棕黄色固体纯产物,结构式如(I-4)所示的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料4(126mg),产率34.3%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ14.41(s,1H),8.88(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.35(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=9.1,1.3Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),7.53(s,1H),6.74(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),6.56(s,1H).
HR-MS:Calcd.for C15H9BrBF2[Na+]381.9936.Found 381.9983.
结构式为:
实施例5
在一个(100mL)干燥的圆底烧瓶中,加入4-甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲醛(1g,5.5mmol),在氮气保护下,加入吡咯(779μL,11mmol),再缓慢逐滴加入三氟乙酸(80μL,1.1mmol),滴加完成后保持反应0.5小时。然后直接进行减压蒸馏,蒸出吡咯,得到棕黄色油状物经硅胶柱层析(80%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得棕黄色固体亚胺产物1.50g。
称取亚胺产物(500mg,1.68mmol)用100mL干燥的乙腈溶解,分批加入DDQ(382mg,1.68mmol),搅拌30分钟后,缓慢加入干燥的三乙胺(4.60mL,33.6mmol),反应10分钟后再逐滴加入BF3·OEt2(4.60mL,36.9mmol),室温下搅拌反应约0.5h即可反应完。加入蒸馏水2mL淬灭反应,乙腈萃取,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压浓缩所得粗产物经硅胶柱层析(50%二氯甲烷/石油醚)提纯,得产物a5(400mg,产率73%)。
在一个(100mL)干燥的反应管中,加入a5(200mg,0.61mmol)和亚磷酸三乙酯(2.00mL,12mmol),在氮气保护下,反应约24小时后反应结束,用层析柱(5%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷)分离即可得到棕黄色固体纯产物,结构式如(I-5)所示的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料5(50mg),产率26.3%。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ14.14(s,1H),8.81(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.48(s,1H),7.31(s,1H),7.27(dd,J=9.4,1.7Hz,1H),6.65(s,1H),6.52(s,1H),3.96(s,3H).
HR-MS:Calcd.for C16H12OBF2[Na+]334.0937.Found 334.0930.
结构式为:
上述实施例1-5制备的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料在甲苯溶液中荧光量子产率均可达到0.99。
Claims (10)
1.一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料,其特征在于,所述的氟硼二吡咯荧光染料具有如(I)所示的结构式,
式中,X1、X2、X3分别独立选自F、Cl、Br、H、芳香基、脂肪链中一种,R1、R2分别独立选自H、CH3、CH=CH-(CH2)nCH3、CH=CH-(C6H4)R3、Cl、Br、I、芳香基中一种,其中n=1-10的整数,R3选自为NO2、COOCH3、COOM,M选自H、Li、Na、K、NH4中一种;
所述氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法为以下步骤:
(1)2-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯在路易斯酸催化条件下反应得到亚胺产物;
(2)亚胺产物在溶剂中,与氧化剂、缚酸剂、三氟化硼乙醚络合物在室温条件下进行氧化、配位合成中间产物;
(3)对步骤(2)的产物在邻二氯苯中进行还原得到氟硼二吡咯荧光染料。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法为以下步骤:
(1)2-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯在路易斯酸催化条件下反应得到亚胺产物;
(2)亚胺产物在溶剂中,与氧化剂、缚酸剂、三氟化硼乙醚络合物在室温条件下进行氧化、配位合成中间产物;
(3)对步骤(2)的产物在邻二氯苯中进行还原得到氟硼二吡咯荧光染料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的2-硝基苯甲醛中硝基为苯甲醛的邻位,所述的吡咯在2-或2,5-位置为氢,吡咯与2-硝基苯甲醛的摩尔比为2-38∶1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)路易斯酸选自三氟乙酸,路易斯酸与2-硝基苯甲醛的摩尔比为0.001-0.25∶1。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)溶剂选自正己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷、乙醚、环氧丙烷、四氢呋喃、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、戊烷、己烷、辛烷、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丙酯中一种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中氧化剂选自二氯二氰苯醌,氧化剂与步骤(2)中亚胺产物的摩尔比为1∶1。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中缚酸剂选自三乙胺,缚酸剂与步骤(2)中亚胺产物的摩尔比为3-20∶1。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中三氟化硼乙醚络合物与步骤(2)中亚胺产物的摩尔比为5-22∶1。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中还原剂选自三苯基膦、亚磷酸三乙酯中一种,还原剂与步骤(2)产物的摩尔比为1-20∶1。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的一种氟硼二吡咯荧光染料在在荧光标记、生物成像中的应用。
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