CN106478133A - 氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:1)陶瓷浆料制备:将陶瓷粉料加入浓度为0.3~0.9wt%甲基纤维素溶液40~60wt%均匀混合制成陶瓷浆料,其中,陶瓷浆料由30~40wt%六硼化镧、10~20wt%氮化硅、20~40wt%二氧化钛与20~40wt%酚醛树脂组成;2)将陶瓷浆料浸渍在聚氨酯泡沫上,在真空环境下真空浸渍20~30min,然后将浸渍后的聚氨酯泡沫在温度为100~120℃时干燥8~12h;3)然后进行低温烧结去除聚氨酯泡沫;高温烧结得到泡沫陶瓷。该方法制备的泡沫陶瓷具有低膨胀、耐腐蚀、高强度与耐高温的三维立体网状骨架结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多孔陶瓷制备技术领域,具体涉及一种氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
泡沫陶瓷材料具有高的孔隙率,低的热导率、大的比表面积、高硬度、耐磨损、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优异的性能。碳化钛是典型的过渡金属碳化物,它具有离子键、共价键和金属键,因此碳化钛具有高硬度、高熔点、耐磨损以及导电性等基本特征。因此,碳化钛泡沫陶瓷材料可作为过滤装置、分离器、热绝缘体、生物陶瓷、热交换器及催化剂载体等多种元部件应用在环境保护、能源化工、航空航天及生物医用材料等多个领域,在科技与经济发展中起到了重要的作用。
然而,泡沫碳化钛陶瓷的制备方法较少,主要以金属钼、钴、镍为粘结剂制备碳化钛泡沫陶瓷,该方法所制备的碳化钛泡沫陶瓷强度较低,且成本较高,影响碳化钛泡沫陶瓷的实际应用。目前使用的氧化铝泡沫陶瓷、硼化二钨泡沫陶瓷普遍存在使用温度低、抗热冲击性能差等问题,已无法满足大型特种钢铸件连续铸造的需要。
发明内容
本发明提出一种氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,该方法制备的泡沫陶瓷具有低膨胀、耐腐蚀、高强度与耐高温的三维立体网状骨架结构。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)陶瓷浆料制备:将陶瓷粉料加入浓度为0.3~0.9wt%甲基纤维素溶液40~60wt%均匀混合制成陶瓷浆料,其中,陶瓷浆料由30~40wt%六硼化镧、10~20wt%氮化硅、20~40wt%二氧化钛与20~40wt%酚醛树脂组成;
2)将陶瓷浆料浸渍在聚氨酯泡沫上,在真空环境下真空浸渍20~30min,然后将浸渍后的聚氨酯泡沫在温度为100~120℃时干燥8~12h;
3)将步骤2)得到的聚氨酯泡沫进行低温烧结,在真空环境下进行低温烧结,以5℃每分钟的速率升温至600℃,然后以1~2℃每分钟的速率升温至800℃,保温时间为2~3h,去除聚氨酯泡沫;
4)得到骨架进行高温烧结,高温烧结在真空环境下进行,升温过程中,在950℃保温1~2h,1300℃保温0.5~1h;在1400℃~1600℃烧结温度下保温2~4h;降温过程中,在1200℃和900℃分别保温0.5~1h,得到氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷。
进一步,步骤2)的聚氨酯泡沫需要先进行预处理,预处理方法:用洗涤剂清洗表面,再在pH值为8.5~10的碱溶液中浸泡20~30min,最后用质量分数为0.5%的羧甲基纤维素和5%的硅溶胶溶液做表面活性处理。
进一步,聚氨酯泡沫的孔径大小为30PPI~10PPI。
本发明有益效果:
1、本发明在高温烧结过程中,在950℃保温1~2h,1300℃保温0.5~1h;在1400℃~1600℃烧结温度下保温2~4h是为了使二氧化钛与酚醛树脂碳化生成的炭黑充分反应生成碳化钛,新生成的碳化钛、氮化硅结合六硼化镧制成氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷。在两阶段反应过程中均有气体生成,这些气体会在泡沫陶瓷的孔筋上生成一些小的气孔,提高泡沫陶瓷的孔隙率。反应烧结生成的碳化钛组织彼此之间相互连接,以及碳化钛与六硼化镧结合连接形成紧密联系的整体,使最终的碳化钛泡沫陶瓷强度提高。
2、本发明以二氧化钛作为钛源,酚醛树脂为碳源,其原料价格低廉,生产工艺简单,易于推广应用。
3、由于聚氨酯泡沫孔径可变,因此本发明所制备的泡沫陶瓷孔径大小可控。
具体实施方式
实施例1
聚氨酯泡沫预处理方法:用洗涤剂清洗表面,再在pH值为10的碱溶液中浸泡20min,最后用质量分数为0.5%的羧甲基纤维素和5%的硅溶胶溶液做表面活性处理。聚氨酯泡沫的孔径大小为10PPI。
一种氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)陶瓷浆料制备:将陶瓷粉料加入浓度为0.3wt%甲基纤维素溶液40wt%均匀混合制成陶瓷浆料,其中,陶瓷浆料由30wt%六硼化镧、10wt%氮化硅、30wt%二氧化钛与30wt%酚醛树脂组成;
2)将陶瓷浆料浸渍在聚氨酯泡沫上,在真空环境下真空浸渍20min,然后将浸渍后的聚氨酯泡沫在温度为100℃时干燥12h;
3)将步骤2)得到的聚氨酯泡沫进行低温烧结,在真空环境下进行低温烧结,以5℃每分钟的速率升温至600℃,然后以1~2℃每分钟的速率升温至800℃,保温时间为2h,去除聚氨酯泡沫;
4)得到骨架进行高温烧结,高温烧结在真空环境下进行,升温过程中,在950℃保温1h,1300℃保温0.5h;在1400℃~1600℃烧结温度下保温2h;降温过程中,在1200℃和900℃分别保温0.5h,得到氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷。
实施例2
聚氨酯泡沫预处理方法:用洗涤剂清洗表面,再在pH值为8.5的碱溶液中浸泡30min,最后用质量分数为0.5%的羧甲基纤维素和5%的硅溶胶溶液做表面活性处理。聚氨酯泡沫的孔径大小为20PPI。
一种氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)陶瓷浆料制备:将陶瓷粉料加入浓度为0.6wt%甲基纤维素溶液50wt%均匀混合制成陶瓷浆料,其中,陶瓷浆料由40wt%六硼化镧、20wt%氮化硅、20wt%二氧化钛与20wt%酚醛树脂组成;
2)将陶瓷浆料浸渍在聚氨酯泡沫上,在真空环境下真空浸渍25min,然后将浸渍后的聚氨酯泡沫在温度为110℃时干燥10h;
3)将步骤2)得到的聚氨酯泡沫进行低温烧结,在真空环境下进行低温烧结,以5℃每分钟的速率升温至600℃,然后以1~2℃每分钟的速率升温至800℃,保温时间为3h,去除聚氨酯泡沫;
4)得到骨架进行高温烧结,高温烧结在真空环境下进行,升温过程中,在950℃保温2h,1300℃保温1h;在1400℃~1600℃烧结温度下保温4h;降温过程中,在1200℃和900℃分别保温1h,得到氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷。
实施例3
聚氨酯泡沫需要先进行预处理,预处理方法:用洗涤剂清洗表面,再在pH值为9的碱溶液中浸泡25min,最后用质量分数为0.5%的羧甲基纤维素和5%的硅溶胶溶液做表面活性处理。聚氨酯泡沫的孔径大小为30PPI。
一种氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)陶瓷浆料制备:将陶瓷粉料加入浓度为0.9wt%甲基纤维素溶液60wt%均匀混合制成陶瓷浆料,其中,陶瓷浆料由35wt%六硼化镧、15wt%氮化硅、20wt%二氧化钛与30wt%酚醛树脂组成;
2)将陶瓷浆料浸渍在聚氨酯泡沫上,在真空环境下真空浸渍30min,然后将浸渍后的聚氨酯泡沫在温度为120℃时干燥8h;
3)将步骤2)得到的聚氨酯泡沫进行低温烧结,在真空环境下进行低温烧结,以5℃每分钟的速率升温至600℃,然后以1~2℃每分钟的速率升温至800℃,保温时间为2.5h,去除聚氨酯泡沫;
4)得到骨架进行高温烧结,高温烧结在真空环境下进行,升温过程中,在950℃保温1.5h,1300℃保温1h;在1400℃~1600℃烧结温度下保温3h;降温过程中,在1200℃和900℃分别保温0.8h,得到氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)陶瓷浆料制备:将陶瓷粉料加入浓度为0.3~0.9wt%甲基纤维素溶液40~60wt%均匀混合制成陶瓷浆料,其中,陶瓷浆料由30~40wt%六硼化镧、10~20wt%氮化硅、20~40wt%二氧化钛与20~40wt%酚醛树脂组成;
2)将陶瓷浆料浸渍在聚氨酯泡沫上,在真空环境下真空浸渍20~30min,然后将浸渍后的聚氨酯泡沫在温度为100~120℃时干燥8~12h;
3)将步骤2)得到的聚氨酯泡沫进行低温烧结,在真空环境下进行低温烧结,以5℃每分钟的速率升温至600℃,然后以1~2℃每分钟的速率升温至800℃,保温时间为2~3h,去除聚氨酯泡沫;
4)得到骨架进行高温烧结,高温烧结在真空环境下进行,升温过程中,在950℃保温1~2h,1300℃保温0.5~1h;在1400℃~1600℃烧结温度下保温2~4h;降温过程中,在1200℃和900℃分别保温0.5~1h,得到氮化硅、碳化钛结合六硼化镧泡沫陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)的聚氨酯泡沫需要先进行预处理,预处理方法:用洗涤剂清洗表面,再在pH值为8.5~10的碱溶液中浸泡20~30min,最后用质量分数为0.5%的羧甲基纤维素和5%的硅溶胶溶液做表面活性处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,聚氨酯泡沫的孔径大小为30PPI~10PPI。
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