CN106476836A - A kind of method preventing steel spring fracture and the vertical backstop of concave shaped - Google Patents
A kind of method preventing steel spring fracture and the vertical backstop of concave shaped Download PDFInfo
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- CN106476836A CN106476836A CN201510537795.4A CN201510537795A CN106476836A CN 106476836 A CN106476836 A CN 106476836A CN 201510537795 A CN201510537795 A CN 201510537795A CN 106476836 A CN106476836 A CN 106476836A
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Abstract
A kind of method preventing steel spring fracture and the vertical backstop of concave shaped, set hollow structure in body of rubber upper end, when locomotive is unloaded, body of rubber is just contacted with framework guide；Adjust thickness or the height of body of rubber cut-out, and the diameter of body of rubber solid section or height can adjust the rigidity of vertical backstop；Set annular flat segments and annular arc section in the outside of body of rubber, adjust the angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane, the variation rigidity of vertical backstop can be adjusted；The hop count adjusting the annular arc section in body of rubber can adjust the number of times of vertical backstop variation rigidity；Base is embedded in the body of rubber of vertical backstop, enables base that vertical backstop is carried out spacing, and the height of adjusting base can adjust the rigidity of the spacing position of vertical backstop and vertical backstop；Reduce, by adjusting rigidity, variation rigidity and the spacing position of vertical backstop, the vertical load that steel spring bears, reduce the metal fatigue of steel spring generation during locomotive operation, thus preventing steel spring from rupturing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of buffer unit on locomotive is and in particular to a kind of vertical backstop of buffer train series hanging system.
Background technology
At present, in railway locomotive manufacture process, it is widely used spring assembly and is carried and vibration damping, as the critical component of locomotive, it has important impact to the dynamic performance of vehicle and riding quality to spring.With railway speed increase, heavily loaded implementation, the fault affecting locomotive operation performance because of spring breakage gradually increases, and the bad stability of locomotive operation causes hidden danger to traffic safety.
Steel spring directly over locomotive axle box is one of main parts size of bogie, and steel spring bears the locomotive weight of more than bogie frame.Steel spring transmits the vertical stiffness of the rigidity referred to as single stage suspension of vertical force, in addition, also having Longitudinal stiffness and transverse stiffness to be delivered to bogie frame in single stage suspension.The vertical stiffness of single stage suspension, Longitudinal stiffness and transverse stiffness will select appropriately, and locomotive just can have good dynamic performance.
Steel spring is to work in the environment of complicated and load are continually changing, and in vertical, vertical and horizontal the power of single stage suspension, the vertical pressure being continually changing is the main cause allowing steel spring produce metal fatigue.Change of vibration during locomotive operation and load etc. all can make steel spring bear the vertical pressure of change, the vertical pressure of this change can make steel spring local produce metal fatigue through long-time accumulation, so that steel spring local produces fine crack, gradually extended by fine crack again, ultimately result in steel spring local fracture and lost efficacy.
For preventing steel spring from rupturing, in addition to improving the technique manufacturing steel spring itself and material, elastic buffering mechanism can also be increased in primary spring, to reduce the vertical load that steel spring bears, the metal fatigue that during reduction locomotive operation, steel spring produces, thus prevent steel spring from rupturing.
Although now with locomotive on increased the lateral pressure that block rubber to buffer single stage suspension as vertical backstop, its shape and material are all single, therefore lack variation rigidity and the regulation for rigidity is very limited.And variation rigidity all has a significant impact for the comfort level preventing passenger on steel spring fracture and locomotive：The amplitude of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop is excessive, then the resistance to shock of locomotive is poor, and the comfort level of passenger is also just poor；The amplitude of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop is too small although resistance to shock share can not vertical load that steel spring bear more preferably but well, is also just difficult to prevent steel spring from rupturing.
Vertical backstop therefore how is made to have suitable variation rigidity and rigidity, locomotive is allowed can effectively to prevent steel spring from rupturing on the premise of not reducing degree of passenger comfort, thus meeting people's higher and higher requirement to locomotive, also allow railway speed increase, heavily loaded strategy can more smoothly implement simultaneously, also need to study further.
Find that following patent and the present invention have similarity by domestic retrieval：
Application No. 201420559352.6, the utility model of entitled " a kind of rail vehicle truck and its single pull rod type single stage suspension structure " discloses a kind of rail vehicle truck and its single pull rod type single stage suspension structure, it is vertical backstop that single pull rod type single stage suspension structure includes framework, axle box, primary spring and one, and framework is provided with guide groove and the first location hole；Axle box is provided with backstop erecting bed；Primary spring includes primary spring seat and steel spring group, and one end of primary spring seat has the spacing preiection being limited in the first positioning in the hole, and the other end has backstop guide pillar；Also include the first cushion pad being arranged between upper cover plate and primary spring seat, it is coated at spacing preiection；Second cushion pad, axle box is provided with mounting groove on the end face of upper cover plate, and the second cushion pad is arranged in mounting groove, and one end of steel spring group is offseted with primary spring seat, and the other end is offseted with the second cushion pad.This utility model passes through the first cushion pad and the second cushion pad can buffer the impulsive force that primary spring is subject to, thus buffering the vertical vibration of primary spring generation, and then improves the service life of primary spring.
Application No. 201020542266.6, it is elastic positioning device that the utility model of entitled " rail vehicle one is elastic positioning device " discloses a kind of rail vehicle one, the flexibly positioned combination of axle box one is taken to be the composite structured of vertical backstop, to optimize axle-box locating rigidity and to ensure that bogie has high Instability speed.It is increase elastic buffer backstop in vertical spring assembly one, to avoid one to be when vertical load is excessive or one to be for wheel, larger rigid shock to be formed to positions such as, axle boxes when damping means lost efficacy.One be elastic positioning device be arranged on bogie frame and axletree vertical between, include pivoted arm axle box and the primary spring device being arranged at axle box top.Caoutchouc elasticity node installation is passed through in framework in one end of axle box, and its other end is connected with framework by a vertical damper.Described primary spring device, has train wheel bridge and lower plate, and the Coiled coil spring compressing installation between train wheel bridge and lower plate.In the inner ring of Coiled coil spring, train wheel bridge bottom, one rubber backstop is connected by overall sulfuration process.
Application No. 200820186834.6, the utility model of entitled " railway vehicle bogie primary-suspension spring mechanism " discloses a kind of railway vehicle bogie primary-suspension spring mechanism, interior including be nested with one heart, on outer spring and spring, lower positioning seat, on spring, positioning seat is connected with bogie frame, under spring, positioning seat is connected with bogie positioning arm, there is one be fixed on positioning seat under spring and the coaxial mounted flexible block with spring, during no-load, this flexible block is to the distance being less than the deformation of spring maximum compression apart from sum of distance and this flexible block maximum compression deformation of positioning seat on spring.When overload of vehicle or dynamic loading are excessive, flexible block available buffer lateral pressure, it is to avoid spring kills or collides and lead to spring breakage, thus improve the vertical stiffness of spring and the service life extending spring.When spring surprisingly ruptures, this flexible block can be as safety supports it is ensured that the driving safety of rail vehicle.
Although above-mentioned patent has the elastic buffering mechanism being contained in steel spring, the structure of above-mentioned elastic buffering mechanism does not simply enable variation rigidity, and the regulation of rigidity also can be limited by itself structure." impulsive force that primary spring is subject to can be buffered by the first cushion pad and the second cushion pad, thus buffering the vertical vibration of primary spring generation, and then improve the service life of primary spring " is mentioned in the patent of Application No. 201420559352.6." being increase elastic buffer backstop in vertical spring assembly one, to avoid one to be when vertical load is excessive or one to be for wheel, larger rigid shock to be formed to positions such as, axle boxes when damping means lost efficacy " is mentioned in the patent of Application No. 201020542266.6.And mention " when spring surprisingly ruptures, this flexible block can be as safety supports it is ensured that the driving safety of rail vehicle " in the patent of Application No. 200820186834.6.As can be seen here, various elastic buffering mechanisms in above-mentioned patent are not due to adjusting the structure of variation rigidity, and its structure simply makes the regulation of rigidity also be restricted, therefore, it is difficult to effectively reducing the metal fatigue of steel spring, still it is difficult to increase substantially the ability of the Resisting fractre of steel spring, so how more efficiently prevent steel spring fracture from also needing to probe into further.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：Change for load during locomotive operation and vibration etc. all can make steel spring bear the vertical pressure of change, and the vertical pressure changing can make steel spring local produce metal fatigue through long-time accumulation, so that steel spring local produces fine crack, gradually extended by fine crack again, ultimately result in steel spring local fracture, and propose vertical backstop to be installed in steel spring to prevent steel spring from rupturing.
For the problems referred to above, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is：A kind of method preventing steel spring fracture, sets hollow structure in body of rubber upper end, and when locomotive is unloaded, body of rubber is just contacted with framework guide；Adjust thickness or the height of body of rubber cut-out, and adjust the diameter of body of rubber solid section or the rigidity that highly can adjust vertical backstop；Set annular flat segments and annular arc section in the outside of body of rubber, adjust the angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane, the variation rigidity of vertical backstop can be adjusted；The hop count adjusting the annular arc section in body of rubber can adjust the number of times of vertical backstop variation rigidity；Base is embedded in the body of rubber of vertical backstop, enables base that vertical backstop is carried out spacing, and the height of adjusting base can adjust the rigidity of the spacing position of vertical backstop and vertical backstop；Reduce, by adjusting rigidity, variation rigidity and the spacing position of vertical backstop, the vertical load that steel spring bears, reduce the metal fatigue of steel spring generation during locomotive operation, thus preventing steel spring from rupturing.
Further, setting hollow structure in body of rubber upper end is：Dig rotational-like backstop groove in body of rubber upper end, the bus of backstop groove is smooth curve；The thickness increasing the body of rubber of backstop groove can increase the rigidity of vertical backstop, and the height increasing the body of rubber of backstop groove can reduce the rigidity of vertical backstop；The thickness at rubber bodies top is 5mm-15mm, and the height of the body of rubber of backstop groove is 20mm-40mm.
Further, setting hollow structure in body of rubber upper end is：Dig rotational-like backstop groove in body of rubber upper end, the bus of backstop groove is smooth curve, and the centre of backstop groove is provided with the rubber boss raising up；Rubber boss includes boss top and outside the boss, and the diameter increasing boss top can increase the rigidity of vertical backstop, and the height increasing rubber boss can reduce the rigidity of vertical backstop；A diameter of 15mm-30mm of rubber boss, the height of rubber boss is 15mm-30mm；Reduce the amplitude that the angle between boss top and outside the boss can increase the variation rigidity of vertical backstop, the angle between boss top and outside the boss is more than 90 degree；The thickness increasing the body of rubber of backstop groove can increase the rigidity of vertical backstop, and the height increasing the body of rubber of backstop groove can reduce the rigidity of vertical backstop；The thickness at rubber bodies top is 5mm-15mm, and the height of the body of rubber of backstop groove is 6mm-30mm.
Further, annular flat segments and annular arc section are set on body of rubber, the hop count of annular flat segments is more than 2；Angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane is more than or equal to 90 degree, reduces the angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane, can increase the amplitude of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop；The hop count increasing the annular arc section setting in body of rubber can increase the number of times of vertical backstop variation rigidity.
Further, the diameter increasing body of rubber solid section can increase the rigidity of vertical backstop, and the height increasing body of rubber solid section can reduce the rigidity of vertical backstop；A diameter of 80mm-95mm of body of rubber solid section.
Further, the base of metal is embedded in the lower end of body of rubber, when body of rubber and rubber boss are subject to the pressure of vertical load to produce deformation and move down, base can limit body of rubber and rubber boss moves further downward, thus playing vertical spacing effect；The height of adjusting base, can adjust vertical backstop and carry out spacing position；And the height of increase base, the rigidity of vertical backstop can be increased, the height of base is 30mm-70mm.
A kind of vertical backstop preventing steel spring fracture, vertical backstop is located in steel spring, and vertical backstop includes body of rubber and base, is provided with hollow structure in body of rubber upper end；Set annular flat segments and annular arc section in the outside of body of rubber, annular flat segments are attached by annular arc section；The lower end of body of rubber is provided with base, and base is embedded in the body of rubber of vertical backstop, and the bottom of body of rubber is provided with shrinkage pool；Body of rubber, rubber boss and base are an entirety.
Further, being provided with hollow structure in body of rubber upper end is：Dig rotational-like backstop groove in body of rubber upper end, the bus of backstop groove is smooth curve；The thickness at rubber bodies top is 5mm-15mm, and the height of the body of rubber of backstop groove is 20mm-40mm.
Further, being provided with hollow structure in body of rubber upper end is：Dig rotational-like backstop groove in body of rubber upper end, the bus of backstop groove is smooth curve, and the centre of backstop groove is provided with the rubber boss raising up；Rubber boss includes boss top and outside the boss, a diameter of 15mm-30mm of rubber boss, and the height of rubber boss is 15mm-30mm, and the angle between boss top and outside the boss is more than 90 degree；The thickness at rubber bodies top is 5mm-15mm, and the height of the body of rubber of backstop groove is 6mm-30mm.
Further, base is revolving body, and base includes base body and base chimb；The thickness of base body upper end is less than the thickness of base body lower end, and the middle part in the outside of base body is provided with base chimb, and base chimb protrudes laterally；The height of base is 30mm-70mm, and to be embedded in the corner of the base in body of rubber be all smooth circular arc chamfering.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
1. increased the height of the body of rubber of vertical backstop, vertical backstop is just contacted with framework guide in zero load, so that vertical backstop can be borne by part vertical load during locomotive is unloaded to locomotive maximum load, the metal fatigue that steel spring produces during locomotive operation can preferably be reduced, thus preventing steel spring from rupturing.
2. vertical backstop is contained in steel spring, the body of rubber of vertical backstop is just contacted with framework guide in zero load, make between vertical backstop and framework guide, to be not likely to produce relative slip, and increased the diameter of framework guide lower end, make body of rubber will not skid off the edge of framework guide, be avoided that body of rubber produces harmful effect because part skids off the edge of framework guide to the rigidity of vertical backstop.
3. vertical backstop is made up of body of rubber and base, body of rubber and base one entirety is sulfided under certain temperature and pressure by adhesive so that entirely vertical stop configurations tight, firm.
4. adjust the angle on body of rubber and rubber boss, the variation rigidity of vertical backstop can be adjusted, adjust diameter and the height of body of rubber, the rigidity of vertical backstop can be adjusted, vertical backstop is made to have variation rigidity more by a small margin and less rigidity under small loads, so as to increase the comfort level of passenger；And make vertical backstop have variation rigidity by a relatively large margin and larger rigidity under a large load, thus allowing vertical backstop bear more vertical loads, reducing the metal fatigue that steel spring produces, effectively preventing steel spring from rupturing.
5. it is embedded with the base that metal is made in body of rubber, and vertical backstop can be adjusted and carry out spacing position by the height of adjusting base, even if so that the situation of steel spring fracture occurs, vertical backstop also can be as safety supports it is ensured that the driving safety of rail locomotive.
6. in vertical backstop：Energy is by the diameter of regulation body of rubber and rubber boss and height, and the height of adjusting base, to adjust the rigidity of vertical backstop；The variation rigidity of vertical backstop can be adjusted by adjusting the angle between every section in body of rubber annular flat segments and horizontal plane；The number of times of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop can be adjusted by adjusting the hop count of annular flat segments；Vertical backstop can be adjusted and carries out spacing position by the height of adjusting base；So that by the variation rigidity, rigidity and the spacing position that adjust vertical backstop, allow vertical backstop adapt to the locomotive of different model, different loads, so applied widely, the highly versatile of this vertical backstop.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional schematic one of embodiment one；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional schematic two of embodiment one；
Fig. 3 is the axonometric chart of embodiment one；
Fig. 4 is the stiffness curve figure of embodiment one；
Fig. 5 applies the structural representation in steel spring for embodiment one；
Fig. 6 is the perspective cross-sectional schematic diagram of embodiment two；
Fig. 7 is the stiffness curve figure of embodiment two；
In figure：1 vertical backstop, 11 body of rubber, 111 first annular flat segments, 112 second annular flat segments, 113 the 3rd annular flat segments, 114 shrinkage pools, 115 annular arc sections, 116 rubber bodies tops, 117 backstop grooves, 118 buses, 12 rubber boss, 121 boss tops, 122 outside the boss, 13 bases, 131 base body, 132 base chimbs, 2 steel springs, 3 framework guides, 4 positioning bases, 5 axle boxes, 6 bogie frames.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is done with the description of a step：
Embodiment one
As shown in figure 5, axle box 5 is fixedly arranged above positioning base 4, above positioning base 4, it is provided with the steel spring 2 of Coiled coil shape, steel spring 2 supports the locomotive weight of bogie frame more than 6.In order to reduce the vertical load that steel spring 2 bears, reducing the metal fatigue of steel spring 2 generation during locomotive operation, thus preventing steel spring 2 from rupturing, steel spring 2 being provided with vertical backstop 1.The base chimb 132 of vertical backstop 1 and positioning base 4 mutually push up, because vertical backstop 1 and positioning base 4 are all revolving bodies so that vertical backstop 1 can be stuck in positioning base 4.It is provided with framework guide 3 in the surface of vertical backstop 1, locomotive is in zero load, the rubber bodies top 116 of vertical backstop 1 is just contacted with framework guide 3, and in whole process from zero load to maximum load for the locomotive, the load of primary spring is all supported jointly by steel spring 2 and vertical backstop 1, so that vertical backstop 1 can preferably reduce the vertical load that steel spring 2 bears.
Due to being relatively large in diameter of the rubber bodies top 116 that contacts with framework guide 3, for preventing during under locomotive big load, framework guide 3 pushes, the edge of framework guide 3 is deflected away from rubber bodies top 116 after producing deformation.Need by the diameter of framework guide 3 lower section be made to somewhat larger so that in whole process from zero load to maximum load for the locomotive, rubber bodies top 116 is all without departing from going out framework guide 3.
Although the rigidity increasing vertical backstop 1 can preferably reduce the vertical load that steel spring 2 bears, vertical backstop 1 rigidity is excessive, and locomotive has the risk of derailing, also can reduce vibration damping, the noise reduction of locomotive, also can reduce the comfort level of passenger.Therefore in order to allow vertical backstop 1 both be avoided that locomotive derailed, improve the comfort level of the vibration damping, anti-acoustic capability and passenger of locomotive, the vertical load that steel spring 2 bears can be reduced well again, effectively prevent steel spring 2 from rupturing it is necessary to meet claimed below：The initial rigidity of vertical first backstop 1 is little, and when initial, the amplitude of variation rigidity will less so that vertical backstop 1 just can have good effectiveness in vibration suppression when initial；When pushing further then as framework guide 3, the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 will be able to constantly increase, and the speed of the now increase of rigidity is very fast, the amplitude of variation rigidity will be gradually increased, after making framework guide 3 push certain distance, vertical backstop 1 can share larger vertical load, thus reducing the vertical load that steel spring 2 bears, and ensure overload operating mode lower drive mechanism and wheel between position relationship will not deteriorate.
In whole process from zero load to maximum load for this locomotive, the structure that the load of primary spring is all supported jointly by steel spring 2 and vertical backstop 1, vertical backstop 1 is enable preferably to share the load of primary spring, thus preferably reducing the metal fatigue that steel spring 2 during locomotive operation produces, preferably prevent steel spring 2 from rupturing.The ratio of the distance that the rigidity of the vertical backstop 1 of the present embodiment is exactly the load born of vertical backstop 1 to be moved down with the rubber bodies top 116 of vertical backstop 1.The stiffness curve of vertical backstop 1 is as shown in figure 4, vertical backstop 1 deformation in Fig. 4 refers to the distance that the rubber bodies top 116 of vertical backstop 1 moves down.
As shown in figure 4, the load that vertical backstop 1 is born is when 0 starts to increase, stiffness curve is shallower, and initial stiffness curve is close to linear.That is, the initial rigidity of vertical backstop 1 is less, and the speed that rigidity increases is slower.Such characteristic can allow vertical backstop 1 have preferable effectiveness in vibration suppression, can prevent locomotive from derailing, and passenger has preferable comfort level.
In the present embodiment, the increase of the load born with vertical backstop 1, when load is more than 1.8KN, rigidity gradually assumes non-linear increase that is to say, that gradually assuming variation rigidity.And load more than 1.8KN when, the distance that rubber bodies top 116 moves down often increases a certain amount, for example, often increase 1mm, corresponding load increase is less.That is, now less to the amplitude of the variation rigidity of backstop, the speed that rigidity increases is slower.Such characteristic can allow vertical backstop 1 have preferable effectiveness in vibration suppression, and passenger can be allowed to have good comfort level, can effectively prevent steel spring 2 from rupturing simultaneously.
And when vertical backstop 1 bears big load, such as, when more than 9KN, the distance that rubber bodies top 116 moves down often increases a certain amount, for example, often increase 1mm, corresponding load increases larger.That is, now the amplitude of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1 is larger, the speed that rigidity increases.Such characteristic can allow vertical backstop 1 share more load, preferably reduces the vertical load that steel spring 2 bears, thus more effectively preventing steel spring 2 from rupturing.
In addition, because load when locomotive different automobile types are unloaded is different, and different automobile types maximum load is also different, it is different for the initial rigidity of vertical backstop 1 and the requirement of variation rigidity on therefore different locomotives, and the requirement that different locomotive changes with the increase of load to rigidity is also different.So the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1 and rigidity need flexibly be adjusted, to meet the specific requirement of different types of locomotive.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, vertical backstop 1 is axisymmetric revolving body, and vertical backstop 1 includes body of rubber 11 and base 13.Dig rotational-like backstop groove 117 in body of rubber 11 upper end, the bus 118 of backstop groove 117 is smooth curve, is provided with, in the centre of backstop groove 117, the rubber boss 12 raising up.Rubber boss 12 is round table-like, and rubber boss 12 includes boss top 121 and outside the boss 122.The lower end of outside the boss 122 forms smooth connection with backstop groove 117, and rubber boss 12 is an entirety with backstop groove 117.
Upper end due to body of rubber 11 is hollowed out, so the upper end of body of rubber 11 is an annular revolving body.The outside of body of rubber 11 is provided with more than 2 sections of annular flat segments, preferably 3 sections；The inner side of the body of rubber 11 at backstop groove 117 is smooth circular arc camber.When the load of locomotive increases, when framework guide 3 is pressed downward, the body of rubber 11 at backstop groove 117 understands inside side roll, and rubber boss 12 is understood gradually with framework guide 3 close to so that the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 is gradually increased.
Increase the thickness of body of rubber 11 at hollow backstop groove 117 and the diameter at boss top 121 and the diameter of body of rubber 11 solid section, the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 can be increased；Increase the height of body of rubber 11 at backstop groove 117 and the height of rubber boss 12 and the height of body of rubber 11 solid section, the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 can be reduced.In the round table-like rubber boss 12 of the present embodiment, carry out the diameter as rubber boss 12 with the diameter D2 at boss top 121.The diameter D2 preferred value of rubber boss 12 is 15mm-30mm, the height H1 preferred value of rubber boss 12 is 15mm-30mm, the thickness D1 preferred value at rubber bodies top 116 is 5mm-15mm, the height H2 preferred value of the body of rubber 11 at backstop groove 117 is 20mm-40mm, and the diameter D3 preferred value of body of rubber 11 solid section is 80mm-95mm.
In body of rubber 11, between every section of annular flat segments and horizontal plane, rigidity when body of rubber 11 can be made to be pushed by framework guide 3 in a certain angle is in nonlinear change that is to say, that body of rubber 11 can be allowed to produce variation rigidity.It is attached by annular arc section 115 between two sections of adjacent annular flat segments in body of rubber 11, this is because annular arc section 115 can reduce body of rubber 11 produces stress concentration during deformation under locomotive load, the service life of vertical backstop 1 can be extended.It is the position that vertical backstop 1 produces variation rigidity at annular arc section 115, the hop count increasing the annular arc section 115 in body of rubber 11 can increase the number of times of vertical backstop 1 variation rigidity.
Increase the angle between angle or increase boss top 121 and the outside the boss 122 between annular flat segments and horizontal plane, the amplitude of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1 being reduced, thus improving the effectiveness in vibration suppression of vertical backstop 1, improving the comfort level of passenger.Conversely, reducing the angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane or reducing angle between boss top 121 and outside the boss 122, the amplitude of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1 all can be increased so that when the distance that moves down of boss top 121 is less, rigidity can increase faster.
Angle between boss top 121 and outside the boss 122 is more than 90 degree, and preferred value is 100 degree of -150 degree.Angle between every section of annular flat segments and horizontal plane is all higher than or is equal to 90 degree, and the angle between first annular flat segments 111 and horizontal plane is angle A, and the preferred value of angle A is 115 degree of -135 degree.Angle between second annular flat segments 112 and horizontal plane is angle B, and the preferred value of angle B is 105 degree of -125 degree.Angle preferred value between 3rd annular flat segments 113 and horizontal plane is 90 degree.
The number of the angle in body of rubber 11 and rubber boss 12 in vertical backstop 1 is equal to the number of times of vertical backstop 1 variation rigidity.Increase the hop count of the annular arc section 115 in vertical backstop 1, the number of times of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1 can be increased.The hop count of the annular flat segments in body of rubber 11 in the present embodiment is 3, and is connected with 2 sections of annular arc sections 115 between 3 sections of annular flat segments, defines 2 angles.And be attached by way of smooth between the outside the boss 122 of rubber boss 12 and the backstop groove 117 of body of rubber 11, also form 1 angle herein.In addition also form 1 angle between boss top 121 and outside the boss 122.So having 4 angles on the body of rubber 11 of vertical backstop 1 and rubber boss 12, therefore in the present embodiment, the number of times of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1 is 4.
And the angle of the angle between annular flat segments constant when, the position of the annular arc section 115 in body of rubber 11 depends on the length of annular flat segments, annular arc section 115 location is also angle location in body of rubber 11, therefore adjust the length of any one section of annular flat segments in body of rubber 11, the position of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1 can be adjusted.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, base 13 is revolving body, and base 13 includes base body 131 and base chimb 132；The thickness of base body 131 upper end is less than the thickness of base body 131 lower end, and the middle part in the outside of base body 131 is provided with base chimb 132, and base chimb 132 protrudes laterally.Base 13 is embedded in body of rubber 11, and it is sulfided into an entirety with body of rubber 11, for reducing the stress concentration of base 13 and body of rubber 11 junction, prevent from producing during long-term use gap between base 13 and body of rubber 11, smooth circular arc chamfering has all been processed in the corner of the base 13 being embedded in body of rubber 11.
The base 13 of metal is arranged on the lower end of body of rubber 11, when the pressure that body of rubber 11 upper end is subject to vertical load produces deformation and moves down, base 13 can limit body of rubber 11 upper end and move further downward, thus playing vertical spacing effect.The height of therefore adjusting base 13, can adjust vertical backstop 1 and carry out spacing position, the preferred value of the height H5 of base 13 is 30mm-70mm.
Base 13 is embedded in body of rubber 11, and the base body 131 of especially base chimb 132 top has extend in body of rubber 11, and the distance on the top of base body 131 top to base chimb 132 is H3.The value of H3 is bigger, the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 bigger that is to say, that increase base 13 height, be especially to increase the height of H3, the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 can be increased.Conversely, reducing the height of base 13, especially reducing the height of H3, the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 can be reduced, the preferred value of H3 is 10mm-45mm.
Because base 13 is made up of the big metal of hardness, vertical spacing effect can be played, the therefore body of rubber 11 below the top of base body 131 hardly produces impact to the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 and variation rigidity.So manufacture for convenience during vertical backstop 1 being injected hot rubber, also for the consumptive material reducing rubber, it is provided with a shrinkage pool 114 in the centre position of body of rubber 11 bottom.Although hardly the rigidity on vertical backstop 1 and variation rigidity produce impact to the height H4 of shrinkage pool 114, the value too conference of H4 affects the firmness that body of rubber 11 is combined with base 13, and therefore H4 can not be contour with H5, and the preferred value of H4 is 10mm-30mm.
In sum, vertical backstop 1 is the diameter by regulation body of rubber 11, backstop groove 117 and rubber boss 12 and height, and the height of adjusting base 13, to adjust the rigidity of vertical backstop 1；By adjusting the angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane in body of rubber 11, and outside the boss 122 and the angle at boss top 121, to adjust the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1；By adjusting the hop count of annular flat round arc, to adjust the number of times of the variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1；By the height of adjusting base 13, to adjust vertical backstop 1 and to carry out spacing position；By adjusting the number of times of the rigidity, variation rigidity and variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1, the position of variation rigidity and the spacing position of vertical backstop 1 are reducing the vertical load that steel spring 2 bears, thus preferably reducing the metal fatigue that steel spring 2 during locomotive operation produces, more effectively prevent steel spring 2 from rupturing.
Embodiment two
As shown in fig. 6, being with embodiment one difference：It is not provided with rubber boss 12, whole backstop groove 117 is the rotational-like groove that a bus 118 is smoothed curve in backstop groove 117.The height H6 of the backstop groove 117 in the present embodiment is corresponding with the height H2 of the body of rubber 11 at the backstop groove 117 in embodiment one, but H6 is less than H2, and the preferred value of H6 is：6mm-30mm.Rubber bodies top 116 thickness D1 in the present embodiment is consistent with the rubber bodies top 116 thickness D1 in embodiment one, and preferred value is also 5mm-15mm.
After removing rubber boss 12 in backstop groove 117, vertical rigidity only and adjustable part of variation rigidity can be made to tail off.But remain to the thickness by adjusting the body of rubber 11 at backstop groove 117, and the height H6 of backstop groove 117 is adjusting the rigidity of vertical backstop 1；The variation rigidity of vertical backstop 1 can be adjusted by the angle of the multistage annular flat segments in regulation body of rubber 11 outside and horizontal plane.
As shown in fig. 7, therefore the present embodiment remains to make the initial rigidity of vertical backstop 1 little, initial variation rigidity is little so that vertical backstop 1 just can have preferable effectiveness in vibration suppression when initial；And push further with framework guide 3, framework guide 3 can move closer to the bottom of backstop groove 117, the rigidity of vertical backstop 1 can constantly increase, and the speed that rigidity increases can be very fast, after making framework guide 3 push certain distance, vertical backstop 1 can share larger vertical load, thus reducing the vertical load that steel spring 2 bears.
Above-described embodiment is the preferred version of the present invention, but the invention is not limited in above-described embodiment.For example：Body of rubber 11 inner side backstop groove 117 is the revolving body that bus 118 is smoothed curve in the above-described embodiments, that is backstop groove 117 is an arc surface but it is also possible to backstop groove 117 is set as the multistage ring surface being combined with annular arc section 115 by annular flat segments as outside body of rubber 11.Again for example：Rubber boss 12 in embodiment one is round table-like, but rubber boss 12 can also be the revolving body that bus is the smoothed curve protruding laterally, and this bus is that a special case shape of the rubber boss 12 of the revolving body of the smoothed curve protruding laterally is：Spherical crown shape rubber boss 12.
It will be apparent that on the premise of without departing from principle of the present invention, some improvement made or modification are regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method preventing steel spring fracture is it is characterised in that in body of rubber（11）Upper end sets hollow structure, body of rubber when locomotive is unloaded（11）Just with framework guide（3）Contact；
Adjust body of rubber（11）The thickness of cut-out or height, and adjust body of rubber（11）The diameter of solid section or height can adjust vertical backstop（1）Rigidity；
In body of rubber（11）Outside set annular flat segments and annular arc section（115）, adjust the angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane, vertical backstop can be adjusted（1）Variation rigidity；
Adjust body of rubber（11）On annular arc section（115）Hop count can adjust vertical backstop（1）The number of times of variation rigidity；
Base（13）It is embedded in vertical backstop（1）Body of rubber（11）In, make base（13）Can be to vertical backstop（1）Carry out spacing, adjusting base（13）Height can adjust vertical backstop（1）Spacing position and vertical backstop（1）Rigidity；
By adjusting vertical backstop（1）Rigidity, variation rigidity and spacing position to be reducing steel spring（2）The vertical load bearing, reduces steel spring during locomotive operation（2）The metal fatigue producing, thus prevent steel spring（2）Fracture.
2. a kind of method preventing steel spring fracture according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in body of rubber（11）Upper end sets hollow structure：In body of rubber（11）Rotational-like backstop groove is dug in upper end（117）, backstop groove（117）Bus（118）For smooth curve；
Increase backstop groove（117）The body of rubber at place（11）Thickness can increase vertical backstop（1）Rigidity, increase backstop groove（117）The body of rubber at place（11）Height can reduce vertical backstop（1）Rigidity；
Rubber bodies top（116）Thickness be 5mm-15mm, backstop groove（117）The body of rubber at place（11）Height be 20mm-40mm.
3. a kind of method preventing steel spring fracture according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in body of rubber（11）Upper end sets hollow structure：In body of rubber（11）Rotational-like backstop groove is dug in upper end（117）, backstop groove（117）Bus（118）For smooth curve, in backstop groove（117）Centre set the rubber boss raising up（12）；
Rubber boss（12）Including boss top（121）And outside the boss（122）, increase boss top（121）Diameter can increase vertical backstop（1）Rigidity, increase rubber boss（12）Height can reduce vertical backstop（1）Rigidity；
Rubber boss（12）A diameter of 15mm-30mm, rubber boss（12）Height be 15mm-30mm；
Reduce boss top（121）With outside the boss（122）Between angle can increase vertical backstop（1）Variation rigidity amplitude, boss top（121）With outside the boss（122）Between angle be more than 90 degree；
Increase backstop groove（117）The body of rubber at place（11）Thickness can increase vertical backstop（1）Rigidity, increase backstop groove（117）The body of rubber at place（11）Height can reduce vertical backstop（1）Rigidity；
Rubber bodies top（116）Thickness be 5mm-15mm, backstop groove（117）The body of rubber at place（11）Height be 6mm-30mm.
4. a kind of method preventing steel spring fracture according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in body of rubber（11）On set annular flat segments and annular arc section（115）, the hop count of annular flat segments is more than 2；Angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane is more than or equal to 90 degree, reduces the angle between annular flat segments and horizontal plane, can increase vertical backstop（1）Variation rigidity amplitude；
Increase body of rubber（11）On the annular arc section that sets（115）Hop count can increase vertical backstop（1）The number of times of variation rigidity.
5. a kind of method preventing steel spring fracture according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that increase body of rubber（11）The diameter of solid section can increase vertical backstop（1）Rigidity, increase body of rubber（11）The height of solid section can reduce vertical backstop（1）Rigidity；Body of rubber（11）A diameter of 80mm-95mm of solid section.
6. a kind of method preventing steel spring fracture according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that base by metal（13）It is embedded in body of rubber（11）Lower end, work as body of rubber（11）With rubber boss（12）When being produced deformation by the pressure of vertical load and moving down, base（13）Body of rubber can be limited（11）With rubber boss（12）Move further downward, thus playing vertical spacing effect；
Adjusting base（13）Height, vertical backstop can be adjusted（1）Carry out spacing position；And increase base（13）Height, vertical backstop can be increased（1）Rigidity, base（13）Height be 30mm-70mm.
7. a kind of vertical backstop preventing steel spring fracture, vertical backstop（1）Positioned at steel spring（2）In it is characterised in that vertical backstop（1）Including body of rubber（11）And base（13）, in body of rubber（11）Upper end is provided with hollow structure；In body of rubber（11）Outside set annular flat segments and annular arc section（115）, annular flat segments are by annular arc section（115）It is attached；Body of rubber（11）Lower end be provided with base（13）, base（13）It is embedded in vertical backstop（1）Body of rubber（11）In, body of rubber（11）Bottom be provided with shrinkage pool（114）；Body of rubber（11）, rubber boss（12）And base（13）It is an entirety.
8. a kind of vertical backstop preventing steel spring fracture according to claim 7 is it is characterised in that in body of rubber（11）Upper end is provided with hollow structure：In body of rubber（11）Rotational-like backstop groove is dug in upper end（117）, backstop groove（117）Bus（118）For smooth curve；Rubber bodies top（116）Thickness be 5mm-15mm, backstop groove（117）The body of rubber at place（11）Height be 20mm-40mm.
9. a kind of vertical backstop preventing steel spring fracture according to claim 7 is it is characterised in that in body of rubber（11）Upper end is provided with hollow structure：In body of rubber（11）Rotational-like backstop groove is dug in upper end（117）, backstop groove（117）Bus（118）For smooth curve, backstop groove（117）Centre be provided with the rubber boss raising up（12）；
Rubber boss（12）Including boss top（121）And outside the boss（122）, rubber boss（12）A diameter of 15mm-30mm, rubber boss（12）Height be 15mm-30mm, boss top（121）With outside the boss（122）Between angle be more than 90 degree；
Rubber bodies top（116）Thickness be 5mm-15mm, backstop groove（117）The body of rubber at place（11）Height be 6mm-30mm.
10. a kind of vertical backstop preventing steel spring fracture according to claim 7 is it is characterised in that base（13）For revolving body, base（13）Including base body（131）With base chimb（132）；Base body（131）The thickness of upper end is less than base body（131）The thickness of lower end, base body（131）The middle part in outside be provided with base chimb（132）, base chimb（132）Protrude laterally；Base（13）Height be 30mm-70mm, and be embedded in body of rubber（11）In base（13）Corner be all smooth circular arc chamfering.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113719580A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-30 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving service performance of transverse stop |
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