CN104864009B - The method and product of a kind of volute spring significantly variation rigidity - Google Patents
The method and product of a kind of volute spring significantly variation rigidity Download PDFInfo
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- CN104864009B CN104864009B CN201510115698.6A CN201510115698A CN104864009B CN 104864009 B CN104864009 B CN 104864009B CN 201510115698 A CN201510115698 A CN 201510115698A CN 104864009 B CN104864009 B CN 104864009B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
- F16F1/393—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type with spherical or conical sleeves
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Abstract
The method and product of a kind of volute spring significantly variation rigidity, including inner cone, rubber bodies and Outer Taper, rubber bodies are looped around the periphery of inner cone, and Outer Taper is looped around the periphery of rubber bodies, and rubber bodies form a rubber metal spring for tapered arrangement together with inner cone and Outer Taper；Rubber bodies lower surface is connected with the inner cone and Outer Taper of volute spring respectively, and rubber bodies from at rubber bodies inner cone to be connected with Outer Taper be gradually rise trend move towards；Characterized in that, inner cone bottom is protruding boss, moved down into after rubber bodies lower surface contradicted to boss in rubber bodies, coordinated by the double constraints on the inside of the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom and outer centrum and produce significantly variation rigidity.The size of the stiffness variation of volute spring and the position of stiffness variation are adjusted by changing each section in boss of shape, slope, length and hop count, and the adjustment of multiple variation rigidity is realized by controlling the quantity of multistage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement of the volute spring on locomotive, and in particular to the method for the stiffness variation of regulation volute spring
And volute spring structure, this kind of method and volute spring structure can realize the multiple variation rigidity of volute spring, and prevent Conical Projectile
Spring rubber is ftractureed because using generation fold when compressing.Belong to elastic shock attenuation technical field.
Background technology
Volute spring is also called journal box spring, refers mainly to the bullet with damping effect that the metal on locomotive is combined with rubber
Spring.Volute spring is mounted between rail locomotive axle box and framework and plays support, damping noise reduction, is a kind of conventional rubber
The vibration and noise reducing element of glue metal composite, on the car body of locomotive single stage suspension and secondary suspension, Main Function is to bear
The load of car body and framework.One is sulfided under certain temperature and pressure by adhesive using cone-shaped metal part and rubber
Overall, its effect is to play vibration damping, Noise Reduction using vulcanized rubber, and metalwork plays supporting and mounting interface.
With the development of the development of locomotive technology, particularly high ferro EMUs, urban rail, subway and low floor vehicle technology, cone
Shape spring ensures the demanding kinetics and security of locomotive in order to preferably meet, it is desirable to which volute spring vertical stiffness has change firm
Spend, and vertical stiffness can not occur and inverse S-curve phenomenon occur.It is due to existing volute spring knot that inverse S-curve occurs in vertical stiffness
The rubber bodies of structure do not have strong mutual extruding, and also the boss without evagination is extruded with rubber contact, and volute spring hangs down when unloaded
It is too small to variation rigidity, and during locomotive loading, especially, it is necessary to the rubber part of volute spring can be provided under maximum vertical load
During sufficiently large vertical stiffness, existing volute spring cannot provide big variation rigidity again, therefore cannot realize preferable variation rigidity,
Stiffness curve is presented anti-" S " phenomenon；Volute spring with anti-" S " curve, ratio of rigidity is larger under zero load, causes vehicle to take off
The risk of rail.In addition, locomotive may require that volute spring has suitable transverse direction variation rigidity and longitudinal direction to become when accelerating, slowing down or turning
Rigidity, makes locomotive more meet demanding kinetics, there is good horizontal and vertical vibration damping, noise reduction capability.Therefore it is appropriate to increase locomotive
The number of horizontal variation rigidity and longitudinal variation rigidity, realizes multiple stiffness variation, and locomotive driving can be allowed more steady, smooth.And by
In volute spring be the entirety of metal and the vulcanization of rubber, it is impossible to take apart be also inconvenient to carries out local route repair, thus Conical Projectile
Spring is the product of lifelong freedom from repairs.With the development of locomotive technology, its fatigue load is also increasingly harsher, and fatigue behaviour is wanted
Ask increasingly tighter, the structure of current volute spring when in use, because the type face of existing structure rubber is all using single knot
The shape face of structure, under vertical load, easily there is " fold " deformation to product in the rubber-type face of top and the bottom, forms stress concentration, and
The vertical load of product is undertaken by rubber completely, and stress and strain is all larger, finally because rubber fatigue causes rubber to ftracture.This
Be accomplished by it is a kind of both can adjust variation rigidity, while occurring the volute spring of fold when can prevent from using again to meet above-mentioned requirements.
Find that following patent has similarity with the present invention by country's retrieval：
Application No. 201010285627.8, the invention of entitled " journal box spring of city railway train bogie ", this
Invention is a kind of journal box spring of city railway train bogie.Spacer I, spacer are from inside to outside disposed with mandrel outer ring
II and overcoat.Mandrel, spacer I, spacer II and overcoat are made by full category material, are respectively arranged between adjacent two metal material
Rubber layer III, rubber layer II and rubber layer I.Described mandrel, spacer I, spacer II, overcoat exposed metal surface scribble bottom
Lacquer painting paint.The advantage of this invention there is provided when a kind of train wheel runs in vertical, transverse direction, longitudinal static rigidity very little, energy
Improve the journal box spring of the flexible city railway train bogie with quality when vehicle runs.
Because the invention of Application No. 201010285627.8 does not increase considerably axle box bullet under maximum vertical load
The structure of the vertical stiffness of the rubber part of spring, therefore increase rigidity mainly by metal parts under big vertical load, this
Sample influences whether the effectiveness in vibration suppression of journal box spring.
A kind of Application No. 201420467799.0, the practicality of entitled " railway heavy-duty freight car bogie axle box " is new
Type, this utility model discloses a kind of railway heavy-duty freight car bogie journal box spring.The purpose of this utility model is to provide one
Railway heavy-duty freight car bogie journal box spring is planted, to overcome the shortcomings of existing journal box spring radial rigidity is excessive, weight is heavy.This
Utility model includes overcoat, inner sleeve, inner core, the first rubber layer and the second rubber layer, it is characterised in that：First rubber layer,
Second rubber layer vulcanizes integral with overcoat, inner sleeve and inner core, and overcoat is by being built in the first rubber layer, the second rubber layer table
The copper conductor in face is connected with inner core, between the first rubber layer, the side extended line of the second rubber layer and journal box spring top planes
Angle be 100-160 °.This utility model is mainly used as the journal box spring on railway heavy-duty freight car bogie.But the practicality
New patent does not allow journal box spring to realize the structure of multiple variation rigidities, it is difficult to meet locomotive multiple firm needed for different conditions
Degree change.
Therefore, up to the present not yet have can effectively prevent volute spring prevented in variation rigidity rubber bodies fold ftracture,
And method and device of the locomotive in the multiple stiffness variation needed for different conditions can be met, therefore necessary this is further added
To improve.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：
1. solve overall vertically changing rigidity and inverse S-curve occur, when locomotive is unloaded, volute spring vertical stiffness is excessive, makes
Into the risk of locomotive derailing, due effectiveness in vibration suppression is not had；
2. locomotive is realized under maximum vertical load, and volute spring is remained to only by rubber come support loads, it is to avoid by gold
When belonging to support loads common with rubber, the damping of volute spring, noise reduction are deteriorated；
3. during locomotive is from zero load to maximum vertical load, the shape of the rubber of volute spring can smooth not having
Fold, ftractureed with the rubber part for preventing volute spring；
4. when accelerating, slowing down or turning, volute spring can carry out multiple stiffness variation to locomotive, make locomotive operation more flat
Surely, it is smooth.
With above mentioned problem, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is pin：A kind of method of volute spring significantly variation rigidity, bag
Inner cone, rubber bodies and Outer Taper are included, rubber bodies are looped around the periphery of inner cone, and Outer Taper is looped around the periphery of rubber bodies, rubber
Colloid forms a rubber metal spring for tapered arrangement together with inner cone and Outer Taper；Rubber bodies lower surface respectively with taper
Inner cone and the Outer Taper connection of spring, and rubber bodies from to being connected with Outer Taper be to gradually rise at rubber bodies inner cone
Gesture is moved towards；Its feature is that inner cone bottom is protruding boss, and moving down into the conflict of rubber bodies lower surface in rubber bodies arrives convex
After platform, generation significantly variation rigidity is coordinated with the double constraints on the inside of outer centrum by the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom.
Further, it is described that product is coordinated with the double constraints on the inside of outer centrum by the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom
Raw significantly variation rigidity be under vertical load effect, rubber bodies lower surface simultaneously with outer centrum inner side and interior centrum bottom evagination
Boss be gradually adjacent to by roll mode, realize significantly variation rigidity.
Further, the upper surface of the boss is multi-segment structure, and arc transition is used between each section, convex by adjusting
The opening angle on the inside of shape, slope, length and outer centrum that each section of platform, adjusts the size and stiffness variation of stiffness variation
Position；And realize the adjustment of multiple variation rigidity by controlling the quantity of multistage.
Further, in the upper surface multi-segment structure of the boss, every section of shape is straight line or arc shape, and is incited somebody to action
Coupled together by arc section transition between every two sections, with the upper end folding process for ensureing rubber bodies, the shape of rubber bodies upper end
Shape remains smooth, will not produce fold and cracking.
Further, the multistage upward slope combination is more than two sections of straightway combination, and between straightway and straightway
By fillet section transition, each straightway has different slope and length, with the upper end folding process for ensureing rubber bodies, rubber
The shape of colloid upper end remains smooth, will not produce fold and cracking.
Further, the straightway combination is two sections of straightway combinations, wherein, the length of first straight line section is 5-8mm,
First straight line section is 86-88 degree with the angle of volute spring axis；The length of second straight line section is 49-52mm, second straight line section
It is 9-11 degree with the angle of volute spring axis.
Further, the radius of corner of the annular radiused corners section of the lower surface of the rubber bodies is 15-25mm.
A kind of volute spring for realizing above-mentioned volute spring significantly rigidity-changing method, including inner cone, rubber bodies and outer
Cone, rubber bodies are looped around the periphery of inner cone, and Outer Taper is looped around the periphery of rubber bodies, rubber bodies and inner cone and Outer Taper
A rubber metal spring for tapered arrangement is formed together；Rubber bodies lower surface respectively with the inner cone and Outer Taper of volute spring
Connection, and rubber bodies from at rubber bodies inner cone to be connected with Outer Taper be gradually rise trend trend；Its feature is,
The bottom of volute spring inner cone is protruding a boss, and rubber bodies are being moved down into after rubber bodies lower surface contradicted to boss, are led to
Cross the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom and coordinate generation significantly variation rigidity with the double constraints on the inside of outer centrum.
Further, the upper surface of the boss is multi-segment structure, and arc transition is used between each section, convex by adjusting
The opening angle on the inside of shape, slope, length and outer centrum that each section of platform, adjusts the size and stiffness variation of stiffness variation
Position；And realize the adjustment of multiple variation rigidity by controlling the quantity of multistage.
Further, in the upper surface multi-segment structure of the boss, every section of shape is straight line or arc shape, and is incited somebody to action
Coupled together by arc section transition between every two sections, with the upper end folding process for ensureing rubber bodies, the shape of rubber bodies upper end
Shape remains smooth, will not produce fold and cracking.
Further, the multistage upward slope combination is more than two sections of straightway combination, and between straightway and straightway
By fillet section transition, each straightway has different slope and length, with the upper end folding process for ensureing rubber bodies, rubber
The shape of colloid upper end remains smooth, will not produce fold and cracking.
Further, the straightway combination is two sections of straightway combinations, wherein, the length of first straight line section is 49-
52mm, first straight line section is 9-11 degree with the angle of volute spring axis；The length of second straight line section is 5-8mm, second straight line
Section is 86-88 degree with the angle of volute spring axis.
Further, the radius of corner of the annular radiused corners section of the lower surface of the rubber bodies is 15-25mm.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
1. the lower surface of rubber bodies is multistage combination shape face, and can be realized using annular radiused corners section transition between every two sections
The smooth variation of multiple vertical stiffness, is not in the phenomenon of the vertical stiffness increase suddenly of volute spring, is avoided that vertical firm
There is inverse S-curve in degree, so as to effectively prevent locomotive from derailing, while can also allow the volute spring to have good damping, noise reduction.
2. the lower surface of rubber bodies is using the deformation shape face structure more than more than two sections and round using annular between every two sections
Angle section transition, and slope, the length for passing through each section of Reasonable adjustment, can effectively prevent rubber bodies from bearing load, the upper end of rubber bodies
During moving down, rubber bodies upper end shape remains smooth, so as to prevent rubber bodies upper end from ftractureing.
3. the lower surface of rubber bodies uses annular radiused corners section transition using the combination shape face of multistage between every two sections, therefore
Rubber physical efficiency realizes the change of multiple lateral stiffness and longitudinal rigidity, and the change of lateral stiffness and longitudinal rigidity can be allowed relatively to put down
It is slow, be not in the unexpected increase of lateral stiffness and longitudinal rigidity, so that locomotive is when accelerating, slowing down or turning, more
Steadily, it is smooth, the comfort of in-car passenger can be increased.
4. volute spring can by change each section of length, slope and hop count adjust volute spring it is vertical, laterally and
Longitudinal variation rigidity enable volute spring meet the locomotive of different model under different conditions to rigidity the need for, enable locomotive more preferably
Meet demanding kinetics, so as to allow locomotive preferably to run.Meanwhile, also allow the versatility of volute spring stronger, range of application
It is wider, can be applied on various kinds of vehicles.
5. volute spring energy crack resistence, long service life；Simple structure, low cost, it is adaptable to produce in batches.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing at B in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention under maximum vertical load；
Fig. 4 is the enlarged drawing at D in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is vertical stiffness curve of the invention.
In figure：1 inner cone, 11 inner cone boss, 111 boss transition sides, 2 rubber bodies, 21 annular flat segments, 211 first
Annular flat segments, 212 second annular flat segments, 213 the 3rd annular flat segments, 214 fourth annular flat segments, 215 the 5th annulars
Flat segments, 22 annular radiused corners section, 3 Outer Tapers, 216 the 6th annular flat segments, 217 the 7th annular flat segments.
Specific embodiment
The description of a step is done to the present invention with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing：
Embodiment one
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, volute spring includes inner cone 1, rubber bodies 2 and Outer Taper 3, and the lower end of inner cone 1 is laterally
Extend the inner cone boss 11 for forming annular.The upper surface 21 of rubber bodies 2 is three sections of multistage descending structure, respectively the first ring
The annular flat segments 213 of the annular flat segments 212 and the 3rd of shape flat segments 211, second, using annular between every two sections annular flat segments
Fillet 22 transition of section.The lower surface of rubber bodies 2 is two sections of multistage upward slope structure, respectively fourth annular flat segments 214 and
Five annular flat segments 215, are also using annular radiused corners section 22 between the annular flat segments 215 of fourth annular flat segments 214 and the 5th
Transition.In the present embodiment, the radius of corner of the annular radiused corners section 22 of the lower end of rubber bodies 2 is 20mm, the upper end of rubber bodies 2
The radius of corner of two sections of annular radiused corners sections 22 is all 5mm.Rubber bodies 2 are looped around the periphery of inner cone 1, and Outer Taper 3 is looped around rubber
The periphery of colloid 2.Inner cone 1 and Outer Taper 3 are metal parts, and inner cone 1 and Outer Taper 3 are existed with rubber bodies 2 by adhesive
An entirety is sulfided under certain temperature and pressure, its effect is：Play vibration and noise reducing, the He of inner cone 1 using rubber bodies 2
Outer Taper 3 plays support and mounting interface.Additionally, extending the inner cone for being formed with annular laterally in the lower end of inner cone 1
Boss 11, the lower end of rubber bodies 2 is located at the top of inner cone boss 11, and the lower end of rubber bodies 2 is provided with the He of fourth annular flat segments 214
Using annular radiused corners section 22 between 5th annular flat segments 215, and the annular flat segments 215 of fourth annular flat segments 214 and the 5th
Transition.When volute spring is subject to the downward pressure of vertical load, the lower end of rubber bodies 2 moves down and produces change in shape, but
The change in shape of the lower end of rubber bodies 2 is subject to the double constraints of the inner side of Outer Taper 3 and inner cone boss 11.Therefore, the lower end of rubber bodies 2
Meeting laminating inner cone boss 11 and the inner side of Outer Taper 3, and inner cone boss 11 used with boss transition side 111 it is gentle
Straight line transition, therefore can form smooth shape when the lower end of rubber bodies 2 laminating inner cone boss 11 and 3 inner side of Outer Taper.Energy
Avoid the lower end of rubber bodies 2 from producing fold, therefore the bottom end crack of rubber bodies 2 can be prevented.When volute spring is subject to maximum vertical load
During the downward pressure of lotus, the shape of the lower end of rubber bodies 2 can be showed such as the smooth-shaped at D in Fig. 3, also can be found in institute in Fig. 4
Show.
In current volute spring, the top and bottom of rubber bodies 2 are all to use one section of flat segments and one section of circular arc
The shape that section is combined.This structure when rubber bodies 2 bear maximum vertical load, the upper surface of rubber bodies 2 and lower surface meeting
Go out fold, the time is long to be may result in rubber bodies 2 and ftracture, because volute spring is the entirety of metal and the vulcanization of rubber, no
Can take apart be also inconvenient to and carry out local route repair, thus volute spring is the product of lifelong freedom from repairs, the cracking of rubber bodies 2 occur can only
Change volute spring.
In order to avoid fold occurs in the upper end of rubber bodies 2, the structure that the present embodiment is used is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.Rubber bodies 2
Upper end by the annular annular flat segments 213 of flat segments the 212, the 3rd of first annular flat segments 211, second and two sections of annular radiused corners
Section 22 forms an entirety.Using annular radiused corners 22 mistakes of section between the annular flat segments 212 of first annular flat segments 211 and second
Cross, annular radiused corners 22 transition of section are also adopted by between the second annular annular flat segments 213 of flat segments 212 and the 3rd.Rubber bodies 2 are subject to
During vertical load is moved down, because the outside of rubber bodies 2 is connected with the inner side of Outer Taper 3, the upper end of rubber bodies 2 and outside
Movement can be subject to constraining for Outer Taper 3.The annular flat segments 215 of lower end fourth annular flat segments 214 and the 5th of rubber bodies 2 also shape
22 transition of annular radiused corners section are used between an entirety, and the annular flat segments 215 of fourth annular flat segments 214 and the 5th.When
When volute spring is subject to vertical load downward pressure, the lower end of rubber bodies 2 moves down and produces change in shape, but rubber bodies 2
The change in shape of lower end is subject to the double constraints of the inner side of Outer Taper 3 and inner cone 1.And be provided with laterally in the lower end of inner cone 1
Extend the inner cone boss 11 for forming annular, the lower end of rubber bodies 2 is located at the top of inner cone boss 11, and the upper surface of boss 11 is
Two sections of annular flat segments combine to form multi-segment structure, the respectively the 6th annular annular flat segments 217 of flat segments 216 and the 7th；
By annular radiused corners 22 transition of section between the 6th annular annular flat segments 217 of flat segments 216 and the 7th；When volute spring bears most
Constantly, the change in shape when lower end of rubber bodies 2 moves down is due to by the inner side of Outer Taper 3 and inner cone boss 11 for big vertical load
Double constraints, therefore the lower end of rubber bodies 2 can have the rigidity of volute spring significantly to increase.And work as volute spring and bear
During maximum vertical load（As shown in figures 3 and 4）, the change in shape of the lower end of rubber bodies 2 also can be by the inner side of Outer Taper 3 and rubber
The constraint of the shape of the lower end of body 2 so that the lower end of rubber bodies 2 can bear maximum vertical load, and the shape under maximum vertical load
Into smooth shape.Just because of under maximum vertical load, volute spring remains to bear load with rubber bodies 2, hence in so that
Under maximum vertical load, volute spring has remained to preferably buffering, damping and noise reduction effect.
The inner cone boss 11 of rubber bodies 2 in the present embodiment and vertical side are given as shown in the form of lower section, in form
To angle and each section of length of annular flat segments.
| The angle (degree) in annular flat segments and vertical direction | The length of annular flat segments（Millimeter） | |
| 6th annular flat segments | 45-65 (a in figure) | 5-10 |
| 7th annular flat segments | 86-91 (b in figure) | 49-52 |
In the present embodiment, any one section in two sections of the inner cone boss 11 of volute spring annular flat segments of length or
Slope is changed during fabrication, can all change the variation rigidity of volute spring, that is to say, that can pass through to adjust annular flat segments
Length or slope change the variation rigidity of volute spring.When vertical load is little, volute spring can be by the upper of rubber bodies 2
The variation rigidity of end face and lower surface realizes stiffness equivalent, can enable that volute spring has buffering and damping effect well；When vertical
It is very big to load, even up to maximum vertical load when, the upper end of rubber bodies 2 and the lower end of rubber bodies 2 of volute spring be not all in having
There is the smooth-shaped of variation rigidity, stiffness curve eliminates the phenomenon of " S "；In maximum vertical load, volute spring remains to use rubber
Colloid 2 bears load, hence in so that now volute spring has remained to preferably buffering, damping and noise reduction effect.
Embodiment two
Structure with embodiment one is roughly the same, but the upper surface use of inner cone boss 11 is not gentle straight line
Transition, and gentle curved side carries out transition, the upper surface of inner cone boss 11 is using three sections of annular flat segments and two sections of annulars
Fillet section, so can further change the number of times for becoming volute spring variation rigidity, and the hop count for increasing or decreasing annular flat segments can enter
One step improves the gradual degree during maximum vertical load, it is ensured that the lower end shape of rubber bodies 2 occurs without fold, can protect all the time
Maintain an equal level sliding shape.Meanwhile, in order to avoid the bottom end crack of rubber bodies 2, on the upper surface of the upper surface of inner cone boss 11
It is again covered with one layer of rubber layer 218（See accompanying drawing 2）, rubber layer is connected as a single entity with the lower surface of rubber bodies 2, formed one it is polygon
Lower end curved surface.
By above-described embodiment it can also be seen that the present invention relates to a kind of method of volute spring significantly variation rigidity, bag
Inner cone, rubber bodies and Outer Taper are included, rubber bodies are looped around the periphery of inner cone, and Outer Taper is looped around the periphery of rubber bodies, rubber
Colloid forms a rubber metal spring for tapered arrangement together with inner cone and Outer Taper；Rubber bodies lower surface respectively with taper
Inner cone and the Outer Taper connection of spring, and rubber bodies from to being connected with Outer Taper be to gradually rise at rubber bodies inner cone
Gesture is moved towards；Its feature is that inner cone bottom is protruding boss, and moving down into the conflict of rubber bodies lower surface in rubber bodies arrives convex
After platform, generation significantly variation rigidity is coordinated with the double constraints on the inside of outer centrum by the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom.
Further, it is described that product is coordinated with the double constraints on the inside of outer centrum by the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom
Raw significantly variation rigidity be under vertical load effect, rubber bodies lower surface simultaneously with outer centrum inner side and interior centrum bottom evagination
Boss be gradually adjacent to by roll mode, realize significantly variation rigidity.
Further, the upper surface of the boss is multi-segment structure, and arc transition is used between each section, convex by adjusting
The opening angle on the inside of shape, slope, length and outer centrum that each section of platform, adjusts the size and stiffness variation of stiffness variation
Position；And realize the adjustment of multiple variation rigidity by controlling the quantity of multistage.
Further, in the upper surface multi-segment structure of the boss, every section of shape is straight line or arc shape, and is incited somebody to action
Coupled together by arc section transition between every two sections, with the upper end folding process for ensureing rubber bodies, the shape of rubber bodies upper end
Shape remains smooth, will not produce fold and cracking.
Further, the multistage upward slope combination is more than two sections of straightway combination, and between straightway and straightway
By fillet section transition, each straightway has different slope and length, with the upper end folding process for ensureing rubber bodies, rubber
The shape of colloid upper end remains smooth, will not produce fold and cracking.
Further, the straightway combination is two sections of straightway combinations, wherein, the length of first straight line section is 5-8mm,
First straight line section is 86-88 degree with the angle of volute spring axis；The length of second straight line section is 49-52mm, second straight line section
It is 9-11 degree with the angle of volute spring axis.
Further, the radius of corner of the annular radiused corners section of the lower surface of the rubber bodies is 15-25mm.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
1. the lower surface of rubber bodies is multistage combination shape face, and can be realized using annular radiused corners section transition between every two sections
The smooth variation of multiple vertical stiffness, is not in the phenomenon of the vertical stiffness increase suddenly of volute spring, is avoided that vertical firm
There is inverse S-curve in degree, so as to effectively prevent locomotive from derailing, while can also allow the volute spring to have good damping, noise reduction.
2. the lower surface of rubber bodies is using the deformation shape face structure more than more than two sections and round using annular between every two sections
Angle section transition, and slope, the length for passing through each section of Reasonable adjustment, can effectively prevent rubber bodies from bearing load, the upper end of rubber bodies
During moving down, rubber bodies upper end shape remains smooth, so as to prevent rubber bodies upper end from ftractureing.
3. the lower surface of rubber bodies uses annular radiused corners section transition using the combination shape face of multistage between every two sections, therefore
Rubber physical efficiency realizes the change of multiple lateral stiffness and longitudinal rigidity, and the change of lateral stiffness and longitudinal rigidity can be allowed relatively to put down
It is slow, be not in the unexpected increase of lateral stiffness and longitudinal rigidity, so that locomotive is when accelerating, slowing down or turning, more
Steadily, it is smooth, the comfort of in-car passenger can be increased.
4. volute spring can by change each section of length, slope and hop count adjust volute spring it is vertical, laterally and
Longitudinal variation rigidity enable volute spring meet the locomotive of different model under different conditions to rigidity the need for, enable locomotive more preferably
Meet demanding kinetics, so as to allow locomotive preferably to run.Meanwhile, also allow the versatility of volute spring stronger, range of application
It is wider, can be applied on various kinds of vehicles.
5. volute spring energy crack resistence, long service life；Simple structure, low cost, it is adaptable to produce in batches.
It will be apparent that on the premise of principle of the present invention is not departed from, some improvement or modification made are regarded as this
The protection domain of invention.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a kind of volute spring significantly variation rigidity, including inner cone, rubber bodies and Outer Taper, in rubber bodies are looped around
The periphery of cone, Outer Taper is looped around the periphery of rubber bodies, and rubber bodies form a taper cloth together with inner cone and Outer Taper
The rubber metal spring put；Rubber bodies lower surface is connected with the inner cone and Outer Taper of volute spring respectively, and rubber bodies from
At rubber bodies inner cone to be connected with Outer Taper be gradually rise trend trend；Characterized in that, inner cone bottom is protruding
Have boss, moving down into rubber bodies lower surface in rubber bodies contradicts to after boss, by the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom with
Double constraints on the inside of outer centrum coordinate generation significantly variation rigidity；It is described by the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom with it is outer
Double constraints on the inside of centrum coordinate produce significantly variation rigidity be under vertical load effect, rubber bodies lower surface simultaneously with it is outer
The boss of centrum inner side and interior centrum bottom evagination is gradually adjacent to by roll mode, realizes significantly variation rigidity；The boss
Upper surface be multi-segment structure, between each section use arc transition, by the shape, slope, the length that adjust each section of boss
With the opening angle on the inside of outer centrum, the size of stiffness variation and the position of stiffness variation are adjusted；And by controlling the number of multistage
Amount realizes the adjustment of multiple variation rigidity；The upper surface of rubber bodies is three sections of multistage descending structure, respectively first annular straight
Section, the second annular flat segments and the 3rd annular flat segments, using annular radiused corners section transition between every two sections annular flat segments；Rubber
The lower surface of body is the annular flat segments of two sections of multistage upward slope structure, respectively fourth annular flat segments and the 5th, fourth annular
It is also using annular radiused corners section transition between flat segments and the 5th annular flat segments；The upper end of rubber bodies is by first annular straight
Section, the second annular flat segments, the 3rd annular flat segments and two sections of annular radiused corners sections form an entirety；First annular flat segments
And second between annular flat segments using annular radiused corners section transition, also adopted between the second annular flat segments and the 3rd annular flat segments
With annular radiused corners section transition；During rubber bodies are moved down by vertical load, due in rubber bodies outside and Outer Taper
Side is connected, and rubber bodies upper end is constrained with the mobile meeting in outside by Outer Taper；The lower end fourth annular flat segments of rubber bodies and
5th annular flat segments also to be formed and use annular radiused corners between an entirety, and fourth annular flat segments and the 5th annular flat segments
Section transition；When volute spring is subject to vertical load downward pressure, rubber bodies lower end moves down and produces change in shape, but rubber
The change in shape of colloid lower end is subject to the double constraints of Outer Taper inner side and inner cone；And be provided with laterally in inner cone lower end
Extend the inner cone boss for forming annular, rubber bodies lower end is located at the top of inner cone boss, and the upper surface of boss is two sections of rings
Shape flat segments combine to form multi-segment structure, the respectively the 6th annular flat segments and the 7th annular flat segments；6th annular is straight
By annular radiused corners section transition between section and the 7th annular flat segments；It is convex in inner cone in order to avoid the bottom end crack of rubber bodies
One layer of rubber layer is again covered with the upper surface of platform, rubber layer is connected as a single entity with the lower surface of rubber bodies, formed one it is polygon
Lower end curved surface, when volute spring bears maximum vertical load, the change in shape when lower end of rubber bodies moves down is due to by outer
Cone inner side and the double constraints of inner cone boss, therefore the lower end of rubber bodies can have the rigidity of volute spring significantly to increase
Plus；And when volute spring bears maximum vertical load, the change in shape of rubber bodies lower end can also be subject to Outer Taper inner side and rubber
The constraint of the shape of the lower end of colloid so that rubber bodies lower end can bear maximum vertical load, and the shape under maximum vertical load
Into smooth shape.
2. the method for volute spring according to claim 1 significantly variation rigidity, it is characterised in that under the rubber bodies
The radius of corner of the annular radiused corners section at end is 20mm, and the radius of corner of two sections of annular radiused corners section of the upper end of rubber bodies is all 5mm.
3. the method for volute spring according to claim 2 significantly variation rigidity, it is characterised in that the rubber bodies surround
In the periphery of inner cone, Outer Taper is looped around the periphery of rubber bodies；Inner cone and Outer Taper are metal parts, inner cone and outer cone
Body is sulfided into an entirety under certain temperature and pressure with rubber bodies by adhesive.
4. a kind of volute spring for realizing the significantly rigidity-changing method of volute spring described in claim 1, including inner cone, rubber
Body and Outer Taper, rubber bodies are looped around the periphery of inner cone, and Outer Taper is looped around the periphery of rubber bodies, rubber bodies and inner cone and
Outer Taper forms a rubber metal spring for tapered arrangement together；Rubber bodies lower surface respectively with the inner cone of volute spring and
Outer Taper connect, and rubber bodies from at rubber bodies inner cone to be connected with Outer Taper be gradually rise trend trend；Its feature
It is have a boss the bottom of volute spring inner cone is protruding, rubber bodies are contradicted to convex moving down into rubber bodies lower surface
After platform, generation significantly variation rigidity is coordinated with the double constraints on the inside of outer centrum by the outwardly directed boss in inner cone bottom；
The upper surface of the boss be multi-segment structure, between each section use arc transition, by adjust each section of boss shape, tiltedly
Opening angle on the inside of rate, length and outer centrum, adjusts the size of stiffness variation and the position of stiffness variation；And it is many by controlling
The quantity of section realizes the adjustment of multiple variation rigidity；The upper surface of rubber bodies is three sections of multistage descending structure, respectively the first ring
Shape flat segments, the second annular flat segments and the 3rd annular flat segments, using annular radiused corners section mistake between every two sections annular flat segments
Cross；The lower surface of rubber bodies is the annular flat segments of two sections of multistage upward slope structure, respectively fourth annular flat segments and the 5th, the
It is also using annular radiused corners section transition between four annular flat segments and the 5th annular flat segments；The upper end of rubber bodies is by first annular
Flat segments, the second annular flat segments, the 3rd annular flat segments and two sections of annular radiused corners sections form an entirety；It is first annular flat
Using annular radiused corners section transition between straight section and the second annular flat segments, between the second annular flat segments and the 3rd annular flat segments
It is also adopted by annular radiused corners section transition；During rubber bodies are moved down by vertical load, due to rubber bodies outside and outer cone
Internal side is connected, and rubber bodies upper end is constrained with the mobile meeting in outside by Outer Taper；The lower end fourth annular of rubber bodies is straight
Section and the 5th annular flat segments are also formed between an entirety, and fourth annular flat segments and the 5th annular flat segments using annular
Fillet section transition；When volute spring is subject to vertical load downward pressure, rubber bodies lower end moves down and produces change in shape,
But the change in shape of rubber bodies lower end is subject to the double constraints of Outer Taper inner side and inner cone；And inner cone lower end be provided with to
Outside extends the inner cone boss to form annular, and rubber bodies lower end is located at the top of inner cone boss, and the upper surface of boss is two
The annular flat segments of section combine to form multi-segment structure, the respectively the 6th annular flat segments and the 7th annular flat segments；6th annular
By annular radiused corners section transition between flat segments and the 7th annular flat segments；In order to avoid the bottom end crack of rubber bodies, in inner cone
One layer of rubber layer is again covered with the upper surface of the upper surface of body boss, rubber layer is connected as a single entity with the lower surface of rubber bodies, shape
Into a polygon lower end curved surface.
5. volute spring according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the annular radiused corners section of the lower end of the rubber bodies
Radius of corner be 20mm, the upper end of rubber bodies two sections of annular radiused corners section radius of corner be all 5mm.
6. volute spring according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the rubber bodies are looped around the periphery of inner cone, outward
Cone is looped around the periphery of rubber bodies；Inner cone and Outer Taper are metal parts, and inner cone and Outer Taper pass through glue with rubber bodies
Glutinous agent is sulfided into an entirety under certain temperature and pressure.
7. volute spring according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the flat segments combination is two sections of straightways combinations,
Wherein, the length of the 6th annular flat segments is 5-10mm, and annular flat segments are 45-65 degree with the angle in vertical direction；7th ring
The length of shape flat segments is 49-52mm, and annular flat segments are 86-91 degree with the angle in vertical direction.
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| CN109236916A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-18 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Volute spring and its variation rigidity and installation and adjustment method |
| CN110285172B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2022-01-28 | 株洲时代瑞唯减振装备有限公司 | Method for preventing conical spring rubber profile from wrinkling and realizing variable stiffness and conical spring |
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