CN106472533B - 一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
- A01N25/004—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits rodenticidal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于灭鼠药饵技术领域,特别是涉及一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵及其制备方法,该抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵包括药物层和食料层,其中食料层将药物层包裹在内,所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,其中屈螺酮的含量占药饵总重量的0.01%‑0.005%;炔雌醚占诱饵总重量的0.01%‑0.001%;辅料占药饵总重量的30%‑5%;其余组分为食料层。本发明提供的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵对鼠类行为影响小,且可对雌雄鼠都有抑制繁殖的作用,药效更加持久,药物含量更低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于灭鼠药饵技术领域,特别是涉及一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵及其制备方法。
背景技术
作为一种自然生物灾害,长久以来鼠害问题对人类社会的发展造成了严重的危害,给人类造成巨大的经济损失的同时,也严重危害着人类的健康。老鼠属于啮齿类动物,种类繁多、数量巨大、适应性强、分布广阔。据估计,全球目前共有鼠类2800余种,数量达到了数百亿只;数据显示,我国共有啮齿类动物13科187种,常见的害鼠种类则约有40多种,主要种类为褐家鼠、黄毛鼠、小家鼠、中华鼢鼠、草原鼢鼠、大仓鼠、黑线姬鼠、藏仓鼠、印度地鼠等。由于鼠类种类多、数量大、分布广、适应性强,与人类争地、争粮、同生境、共疾病,严重威胁着人类社会文明健康发展,成为世界性的一大公害。目前,鼠害是国内外农.林.牧经济作物的严重危害者,是一种难于防治的祸患。单纯使用传统的机械逮捕和化学急性杀灭法,如第一代化学直接杀灭法:主要是运用剧毒化合物制成毒饵,通过鼠类的误食导致死亡。通过化学诱饵直接杀灭,在灭鼠过程中由于老鼠临死之前反应较为激烈,容易引起其它鼠的警觉,导致传统的化学杀灭方法并不能有效的控制鼠害,由于鼠的繁殖能力强、生殖周期非常短的特点,致使残存的鼠很快就会生态恢复到原有的种群数量,即所谓超补偿性增殖,恢复后的鼠的种群密度可能比直接杀灭前的密度还要高,有些地区的鼠害问题不但没有缓解,反而有“越灭越多”之势;其次,由于鼠类的天敌误食由化学灭鼠剂毒死的死鼠,造成二次中毒,大量的鼠类天敌被毒死;控制鼠类生态平衡天敌大量减少,达不到有效控制鼠类危害的作用,从而鼠类数量得以快速增长。第二代抗凝血灭鼠药:是通过作用于血管壁使其通透性增加容易出血和干扰凝血酶原等凝血因子合成使血液不易凝固这两种途径发挥作用来达到杀灭害鼠的,相对第一代剧毒化学试剂而言,毒性小,较为安全。由于快速杀灭造成鼠类许多“种群真空”环境,刺激残鼠迅速繁殖,也会出现超补偿性增殖现象,因此不利于大规模使用。
为了能够较长期地控制害鼠数量、减少鼠害程度,避免出现超补偿性增殖。近年来,利用鼠不育技术来控制鼠害是避免超补偿性增殖的有效方法。按照其来源划分,可分为化学不育剂、植物源不育剂和免疫不育剂三类。不育剂具有的理想灭鼠效果、灭鼠的持久性以及对环境污染少等特点。
不育控制法是利用不育药物来控制害鼠的生育率。Knipling于1959年首次将不育控制的理念引入鼠害防治,从此开启了科研工作者们在不育控制鼠害方面的不断探索。Davis在1961年首先提出使用化学药物三乙基三聚氰胺来控制褐家鼠(Rattusnorvegicus)数量,取得了显著效果。John(1969)提出α-氯代醇可以在雄鼠内产生可逆性不育,并认为最低的有效口服剂量是5mg/kg,且需连续给药14天。此后涌现出大量关于此种药物对不同鼠种抗生育作用研究的报告,其中α-氯代醇、炔雌醇甲醚(mestranol)、乙炔基雌二醇(ethinyloestradiol)、甲基睾酮(methyltestosterone)和Org5933(一种促孕激素)、RU486(一种抗孕激素)等激素类药物都被用来开发鼠类不育剂。
中国发明专利申请号为CN200710119389.1一种哺乳动物雄性不育剂,公开了一种包括炔雌醚的饲料。该发明中公开了使用炔雌醚制备的雄性老鼠的不育剂,其具有高效、低剂量、光谱性的特点。但这种不孕剂仅对雄性老鼠有不孕的作用,因此其效果有限,并且不具有靶目标识别功能,很容易被小孩或牲畜误食。
中国发明专利公开号为CN1500387A本发明公开了一种鼠类不育剂药饵及其制备方法。该鼠类不育剂药饵,包括基饵组分、警戒色和不育剂原药组分;其中,基饵组分包括下述组分:玉米渣10~30%;莜麦粉10~30%;干草粉60%;花生油0.5~0.7%。本发明的鼠类不育剂药饵,有针对性地加入草粉和莜麦面,配方合理,且该药饵材料容易获得,配置工艺和使用方便,不仅提高了对农田草原害鼠的不育控制效果,而且该药饵适口性较好,在提高害鼠的采食率的同时能够有效避免非靶标动物的取食,因此还具有环境安全性。该发明中虽然通过质粒形状及警戒色来改变靶生物的选择性,但效果并不理想,比如小孩不会因为其实长条状或颜色鲜艳而不向嘴中投放。
屈螺酮(Drospirenone),21,17-羧内酯是一种高效、低毒、安全性好的新一代孕激素,最早由德国先灵公司(ScheringAG)于2000年开发的第四代口服避孕药,具有抗盐皮质激素和抗雄激素的作用,屈螺酮作为人类避孕药已被广泛应用,具有天然孕酮类似的特性,与孕酮相比其与受体的结合更具选择性,与其它甾体激素受体几乎不结合。不抵消雌激素对血管的保护作用,无雄激素、雌激素和糖皮质激素的活性,不影响脂代谢,作用更接近于天然孕。目前尚未发现将其用于鼠类。
炔雌醚,英文名称:Quinestrol,别名:环戊雌三醇;雌三醇环戊醚,分子式为C25H32O2,为白色或几乎白色的结晶或结晶性粉末。炔雌醚是一种长效雌激素口服后经胃肠道吸收储存于脂肪组织内,缓慢释放出炔雌醇,通过抑制丘脑下部-垂体-卵巢来抑制卵巢排卵,达到长期避孕作用,孕激素与其一起使用具有协同作用,又可使子宫内膜转换,呈现分泌现象,导致潮退性出血,形成周期性改变临床用于妇女绝经期综合症及退奶。目前用于鼠类的较少。
目前现有技术使用的抗生育作用药物灭鼠药饵,经动物行为学评价结果显示,大多会使老鼠的攻击性及领域行为受到影响。基于现有技术的不足尚需开发出一种既能同时影响雄性老鼠生育,又能影响雌性老鼠生育的药物,还不对老鼠的日常行为产生影响,并且最好药物持续时间长,又具有避免人类或牲畜误食的特点。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种不改变鼠类日常行为并且对雌雄鼠类都具有抑制鼠类繁殖作用的药饵,且用量极少;本发明进一步解决的技术问题是,可以避免人类误食;本发明更进一步解决的技术问题是有效延长药物有效成份。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵,包括药物层和食料层,食料层将药物层包裹在内,用来防止药物层药物挥发或长期浸水失效,食料层可由老鼠爱吃的各种食物磨成粉制成,所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,辅料可以为动物油或者奶油类的常温为固态或熔融态而加热易融化的食物,其中屈螺酮的含量占药饵总重量的0.01%-0.005%;炔雌醚占药饵总重量的0.01%-0.001%;辅料占药饵总重量的30%-5%。
在食料层中还添加有人类拒食剂,所述人类拒食剂是指人类难以忍受其味道,如具有难闻气味或人类难以下咽的口感,但鼠类对此却不敏感,对鼠类的食用影响不大的物质,如黄连粉、莲子心粉、苦味剂(苯甲地钠铵)、苦木素等可以有效防止小孩误食,但鼠类对此不是特别敏感。
人类拒食剂占整个药饵总重量的0.05%-0.001%,过多时老鼠也会有感觉,影响老鼠吃食的口感,过少时不能有效防止人类误食。
上述辅料可以为牛油。
上述辅料可以为奶油。
本发明还提供了一种上述抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:a按重量百分比分别称取各组份;b制作药物层,将辅料加热再加入屈螺酮、炔雌醚搅拌溶解;c待药物层冷却后制成小颗粒;d将食料层各组分加水混合均匀后制成糊状,包裹糊状食料层到小颗粒药物层表面;e烘干药饵;f制成颗粒状;g成品贮藏。
b中加热温度为40℃-80℃。
c中小颗粒药物粒径为0.5mm-2mm。
e中烘干方法为冷风烘干。
g中成品储藏方法为抽真空储藏。
本发明的有益效果是,实现对雌雄鼠类同时实现抑制繁殖,对鼠类的行为影响更小,毒性更小;还能有效避免人类误食,并且保存期更长,药效更加持久。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面对本发明的具体实施方式做详细说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵包括药物层和食料层,食料层将药物层包裹在内,用来防止药物层药物挥发或长期浸水失效,食料层为糯米磨成粉制成,所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,辅料为奶油,待药物溶解其中后其可将药物封闭在内部,延长药物的挥发及失效时间,其中屈螺酮1g;炔雌醚1g;奶油3000g,糯米粉6998g;屈螺酮、炔雌醚溶解于奶油中,糯米粉包裹在外侧。这种包含屈螺酮、炔雌醚的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵能同时对雄性鼠类和雌性鼠类同时发挥作用,不管是雌性鼠类还是雄性鼠类在吃过该药饵后都能产生抑制繁殖的效果,比起单性鼠类繁殖抑制剂更加有效,且相比于现有技术药物用量更少。并且屈螺酮、炔雌醚对鼠类的日常行为改变更小,如不会造成鼠类行为不正常,使鼠类攻击性增强的缺点。另外双层结构及辅料特殊的属性设置可以有效延长屈螺酮、炔雌醚的挥发或失效,药效时间更长。
实施例2一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵包括药物层和食料层,食料层将药物层包裹在内,用来防止药物层药物挥发或长期浸水失效,食料层为玉米加小麦磨成粉制成,所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,辅料为奶油,待药物溶解其中后其可将药物封闭在内部,延长药物的挥发及失效时间,其中屈螺酮0.7g;炔雌醚0.7g;奶油1500g,玉米粉8000g、小麦粉498.6g;屈螺酮、炔雌醚溶解于奶油中,玉米粉和小麦粉包裹在外侧。这种包含屈螺酮、炔雌醚的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵能同时对雄性鼠类和雌性鼠类同时发挥作用,不管是雌性鼠类还是雄性鼠类在吃过该药饵后都能产生抑制繁殖的效果,比起单性鼠类繁殖抑制剂更加有效且相比于现有技术药物用量更少。并且屈螺酮、炔雌醚对鼠类的日常行为改变更小,如不会造成鼠类行为不正常,使鼠类攻击性增强的缺点。另外双层结构及辅料特殊的属性设置可以有效延长屈螺酮、炔雌醚的挥发或失效,药效时间更长。
实施例3一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵包括药物层和食料层,食料层将药物层包裹在内,用来防止药物层药物挥发或长期浸水失效,食料层为糯米磨成粉加蜂蜜制成,所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,辅料为奶油,待药物溶解其中后其可将药物封闭在内部,延长药物的挥发及失效时间,其中屈螺酮0.5g;炔雌醚0.1g;奶油500g,糯米粉9490.4g、蜂蜜9g。屈螺酮、炔雌醚溶解于奶油中,糯米粉加蜂蜜包裹在外侧。这种包含屈螺酮、炔雌醚的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵能同时对雄性鼠类和雌性鼠类同时发挥作用,不管是雌性鼠类还是雄性鼠类在吃过该药饵后都能产生抑制繁殖的效果,比起单性鼠类繁殖抑制剂更加有效且相比于现有技术药物用量更少。并且屈螺酮、炔雌醚对鼠类的日常行为改变更小,如不会造成鼠类行为不正常,使鼠类攻击性增强的缺点。另外双层结构及辅料特殊的属性设置可以有效延长屈螺酮、炔雌醚的挥发或失效,药效时间更长。
实施例4一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵包括药物层和食料层,食料层将药物层包裹在内,用来防止药物层药物挥发或长期浸水失效,食料层为糯米磨成粉加蜂蜜制成,所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,辅料为奶油,待药物溶解其中后其可将药物封闭在内部,延长药物的挥发及失效时间,其中屈螺酮0.5g;炔雌醚0.1g;奶油500g,糯米粉9490.4g、蜂蜜9g。屈螺酮、炔雌醚溶解于奶油中,糯米粉加蜂蜜包裹在外侧。本实施例中在食料层中加入5g苦味剂(苯甲地钠铵),这种包含屈螺酮、炔雌醚的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵能同时对雄性鼠类和雌性鼠类同时发挥作用,不管是雌性鼠类还是雄性鼠类在吃过该药饵后都能产生抑制繁殖的效果,比起单性鼠类繁殖抑制剂更加有效且相比于现有技术药物用量更少。并且屈螺酮、炔雌醚对鼠类的日常行为改变更小,如不会造成鼠类行为不正常,使鼠类攻击性增强的缺点。另外双层结构及辅料特殊的属性设置可以有效延长屈螺酮、炔雌醚的挥发或失效,药效时间更长。本实施例中苦味剂的加入能有效防止人类误食,因人类对苦味较为敏感,而鼠类则不是很敏感因此,在加入适当范围苦味剂后人类对此苦味难以承受,此时可有效防止人类误食但对鼠类食用影响不大。
实施例5一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵包括药物层和食料层,食料层将药物层包裹在内,用来防止药物层药物挥发或长期浸水失效,食料层为玉米加小麦磨成粉,并且在其中加入1g苦味剂(苯甲地钠铵)最终制作形成食料层。所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,辅料为牛油,待药物溶解其中后其可将药物封闭在内部,延长药物的挥发及失效时间,其中屈螺酮0.7g;炔雌醚0.7g;奶油1500g,玉米粉8000g、小麦粉498.6g;屈螺酮、炔雌醚溶解于奶油中,玉米粉和小麦粉包裹在外侧。这种包含屈螺酮、炔雌醚的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵能同时对雄性鼠类和雌性鼠类同时发挥作用,不管是雌性鼠类还是雄性鼠类在吃过该药饵后都能产生抑制繁殖的效果,比起单性鼠类繁殖抑制剂更加有效且相比于现有技术药物用量更少。并且屈螺酮、炔雌醚对鼠类的日常行为改变更小,如不会造成鼠类行为不正常,使鼠类攻击性增强的缺点。另外双层结构及辅料特殊的属性设置可以有效延长屈螺酮、炔雌醚的挥发或失效,药效时间更长。本实施例中苦味剂的加入能有效防止人类误食,因人类对苦味较为敏感,而鼠类则不是很敏感因此,在加入适当范围苦味剂后人类对此苦味难以承受,此时可有效防止人类误食但对鼠类食用影响不大,从而达到有效防止。
实施例6一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵包括药物层和食料层,食料层将药物层包裹在内,用来防止药物层药物挥发或长期浸水失效,食料层为糯米磨成粉制成,并且在其中加入0.1g苦木素最终制作形成食料层。所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,辅料为奶油,待药物溶解其中后其可将药物封闭在内部,延长药物的挥发及失效时间,其中屈螺酮1g;炔雌醚1g;奶油3000g,糯米粉6998g;屈螺酮、炔雌醚溶解于奶油中,糯米粉包裹在外侧。这种包含屈螺酮、炔雌醚的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵能同时对雄性鼠类和雌性鼠类同时发挥作用,不管是雌性鼠类还是雄性鼠类在吃过该药饵后都能产生抑制繁殖的效果,比起单性鼠类繁殖抑制剂更加有效,且相比于现有技术药物用量更少。并且屈螺酮、炔雌醚对鼠类的日常行为改变更小,如不会造成鼠类行为不正常,使鼠类攻击性增强的缺点。另外双层结构及辅料特殊的属性设置可以有效延长屈螺酮、炔雌醚的挥发或失效,药效时间更长。本实施例中苦木素的加入能有效防止人类误食,因人类对苦味较为敏感,而鼠类则不是很敏感因此,在加入适当范围苦味剂后人类对此苦味难以承受,此时可有效防止人类误食但对鼠类食用影响不大。
实施例7本发明还公开了上述抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,其具体步骤如下,首先分别称取屈螺酮1g;炔雌醚1g;奶油3000g,糯米粉6998g备用;加热奶油至40℃,搅拌使奶油融化,再分别将称取好的屈螺酮和炔雌醚加入其中充分搅拌溶解,而后冷却,待奶油变硬后使用制粒机将其制成粒径为0.5mm小颗粒;这样可以通过奶油将药物成分封在内部有效减少药物成分的挥发失效。而后在糯米粉中加入适量水搅拌使其变成糊状,而后将药物层放入食料中充分搅拌均匀;在冷风中对药饵进行烘干,待水分蒸发完全,将药饵进行制粒,最后对成品进行抽真空贮藏。该抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法操作工艺要求低,且过程简单并且操作温度低,对药物层破坏程度小。
实施例8本发明还公开了上述抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,其具体步骤如下,首先分别称取屈螺酮0.7g;炔雌醚0.7g;奶油1500g,玉米粉8000g、小麦粉498.6g;加热牛油至50℃,搅拌使牛油融化,再分别将称取好的屈螺酮和炔雌醚加入其中充分搅拌溶解,而后冷却,待奶油变硬后使用制粒机将其制成粒径为0.5mm小颗粒;这样可以通过奶油将药物成分封在内部有效减少药物成分的挥发失效。而后将玉米粉和小麦粉混合,并加入0.1g苦木素加入适量水搅拌使其混合均匀变成糊状,而后将药物层放入食料中充分搅拌均匀;在冷风中对药饵进行烘干,待水分蒸发完全,将药饵进行制粒,最后对成品进行抽真空贮藏。该抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法操作工艺要求低,且过程简单并且操作温度低,对药物层破坏程度小。并且各组分混合均匀制成饵料口感均匀,苦木素的加入有效的防止了人类的误食,但其因均匀混合在食料层因此,鼠类很难察觉到。
实施例9本发明还公开了上述抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,其具体步骤如下,首先分别称取屈螺酮0.5g;炔雌醚0.1g;奶油500g,糯米粉9490.4g、蜂蜜9g;加热牛油至80℃,搅拌使牛油融化,再分别将称取好的屈螺酮和炔雌醚加入其中充分搅拌溶解,而后冷却,待奶油变硬后使用制粒机将其制成粒径为2mm小颗粒;这样可以通过奶油将药物成分封在内部有效减少药物成分的挥发失效。而后将玉米粉和小麦粉混合,并加入1g苦味剂加入适量水搅拌使其混合均匀变成糊状,而后将药物层放入食料中充分搅拌均匀;在冷风中对药饵进行烘干,待水分蒸发完全,将药饵进行制粒,最后对成品进行抽真空贮藏。该抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法操作工艺要求低,且过程简单并且操作温度低,对药物层破坏程度小。并且各组分混合均匀制成饵料口感均匀,苦木素的加入有效的防止了人类的误食,但其因均匀混合在食料层因此,鼠类很难察觉到。
实施例10关于屈螺酮和炔雌醚对鼠类行为影响的实验对照表:取雌雄老鼠各50只,每天喂给药饵,观察时间2个月;观察老鼠采食习惯、休息、是否有撕咬,不安等异常行为,对结果进行记录如下:
经过本次实验观察,发现,单独使用屈螺酮或炔雌醚时,都会对鼠类行为造成影响,如鼠类更富有攻击性,出现烦躁不安等表现,而当屈螺酮和炔雌醚同时使用时,这种症状得到了有效缓解,仅有极少数出现行为异常的表现。因此屈螺酮和炔雌醚同时使用,来减少鼠类数量,对老鼠行为影响较小。
Claims (9)
1.一种抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵,包括药物层和食料层,其特征在于:药物层包裹在食料层内部,所述药物层包括屈螺酮、炔雌醚和辅料,其中屈螺酮的含量占药饵总重量的0.01%-0.005%;炔雌醚占药饵总重量的0.01%-0.001%;辅料占药饵总重量的30%-5%;其余组分为食料层;
所述食料层中还包括人类拒食剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵,其特征在于:所述人类拒食剂为苦味剂,苦味剂含量占药饵总重量的0.05%-0.001%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵,其特征在于:辅料为牛油。
4.根据权利要求3所述的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵,其特征在于:辅料为奶油。
5.一种如权利要求1至4中任一所述抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:a按重量百分比分别称取各组份;b制作药物层,将辅料加热再加入屈螺酮、炔雌醚搅拌溶解;c待药物层冷却后制成小颗粒药物层;d将食料层各组分加水混合均匀后制成糊状,包裹糊状食料层到小颗粒药物层表面;e烘干药饵;f制成颗粒状;g成品贮藏。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,其特征在于:b中加热温度为40℃-80℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,其特征在于:c中小颗粒药物层粒径为0.5mm-2mm。
8.根据权利要求5所述的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,其特征在于:e中烘干方法为冷风烘干。
9.根据权利要求5所述的抑制鼠类繁殖的药饵的制备方法,其特征在于:g中成品储藏方法为抽真空储藏。
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