CN106466652B - Impurity removing device is smashed to living beings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass crushing and impurity removing device which comprises a shell, a base, a feeder, an impurity discharging port, a rotating door, a biomass discharging port, a screen cylinder, a crushing cutter set, a material guiding propeller blade, a material cleaning propeller blade, a main shaft, a motor, a washing nozzle and a control system. The device is of a vertical structure, the shell, the screen drum and the blades are all detachable, and the special structures of the blades and the blades ensure good crushing and impurity removal effects on biomass. The biomass enters the device, is broken by the rotating breaking knife group and falls to the bottom collecting device through the screen cylinder. Wherein sundries such as plastics, fabrics, metal and the like are not crushed and are conveyed to the top of the device along with the rotary material guide screw blade to be discharged along the outlet, and materials falling to the bottom of the device are re-stirred by the rotary bottom material cleaning screw blade to be crushed and then conveyed to the outlet to be discharged. The equipment has high crushing and impurity removing efficiency, no material accumulation, no material hanging and convenient maintenance.

Description

Impurity removing device is smashed to living beings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the fields of environmental protection, garbage treatment, waste recycling and the like, in particular to a biomass crushing and impurity removing device.

Background

Energy and environmental issues are the most major issues facing mankind in the 21 st century.

The natural gas yield of China is increased by 13% every year and the natural gas consumption is increased by 16% every year in the last decade. The proportion of natural gas in China in 2010 in the energy structure is 4.4%, the proportion in 2012 is 5.4%, and the proportion in 2013 is 5.9%. The apparent consumption of natural gas in 2013 all year round is 1676 billion cubic meters, the natural gas consumption exceeds Iran, the natural gas becomes the third natural gas consuming country in the world, and the external dependence reaches 31.6% (530 billion cubic meters).

"biogas" refers to biogas that is primarily methane in nature, which is the conversion of various organic biomasses by anaerobic fermentation. The development of biogas has great significance for relieving the pressure of natural gas supply, and has attracted wide attention at home and abroad.

The resource amount of the traditional 5-class biogas resources in China is huge: (1) 3000 ten thousand tons of kitchen waste can be collected every year; (2) the annual production amount of the sludge of the domestic sewage plant is 4000 ten thousand tons; (3) 1.2 hundred million tons of biomass in the domestic garbage can be collected every year; (4) the annual collectable amount of the livestock and poultry manure is 22 hundred million tons; (5) the annual available amount of crop straw and processing residues is about 1 million tons. Calculated by the average methane content of 60 percent of the biogas and the methane content of the biogas of 97 percent, 1295 hundred million cubic biogas and 800 hundred million cubic natural gas can be produced every year.

Due to the fact that the kitchen waste and the household waste contain a plurality of sundries which are not suitable for fermentation, the kitchen waste and the household waste need to be pretreated to remove stones, gravels, plastics and the like in the kitchen waste and the household waste.

The domestic waste and the kitchen waste are pretreated, and the key problems of low screening efficiency, large screening labor amount, low mechanization degree and the like still exist at present. The pretreatment efficiency is low, so that not only are economic and technical indexes of engineering projects influenced, but also the subsequent anaerobic fermentation process is seriously influenced, and because sand stones in the biomass slurry can abrade pipelines, block valves and deposit at the bottom of an anaerobic fermentation tank to reduce the effective volume of a tank body; the plastic and fiber fragments inside the anaerobic fermentation tank not only can easily block the pipeline, but also can float on the liquid surface of the anaerobic fermentation tank and crusts when the anaerobic fermentation tank is serious. The impurities contained in the biogas residue organic fertilizer also directly influence the quality and the sale price of the biogas residue organic fertilizer.

Therefore, it is very important to develop a biomass pretreatment apparatus to provide high-quality slurry for an anaerobic fermentation system. At present, the pretreatment process and the pretreatment equipment are gradually formed and have initial effect, but still have several difficulties, such as: low sand removing efficiency or no sand removing, no uniform slurry to the requirement of anaerobic fermentation and the like. Moreover, the existing biomass crushing and impurity removing equipment is few, and most of the existing biomass crushing and impurity removing equipment is only used for crushing or removing impurities singly, so that the cost is high, the treatment investment is large, and the traditional crushing equipment cannot meet the crushing requirement of biomass.

In order to organically combine the pretreatment process at the front section with the anaerobic fermentation process at the rear end and produce biogas at the production site, an apparatus for crushing and removing impurities from the biomass after the preliminary pretreatment is very important.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims at the defects and requirements of the prior art, provides novel equipment which is suitable for the current situation of Chinese garbage and can efficiently crush and separate biomass, solves the problem of deep treatment of biomass primarily screened from the garbage, and fully meets the feeding requirement of an anaerobic fermentation process.

The device is characterized in that a special crushing cutter set and a paddle structure are adopted, biomass can be effectively crushed in the crushing process, the crushing degree of plastics and fabrics is small, the crushed biomass is separated out through a screen drum under the action of centrifugal force generated by a high-speed rotating main shaft, the materials with small crushing degree such as plastics and fabrics are conveyed to a sundry discharge port through a guide screw, and meanwhile, the biomass which is not fully crushed is repeatedly crushed under the action of a material cleaning screw. The special structure and design of the device ensure good crushing and impurity removing effects on biomass. The device has the advantages of exquisite appearance, small occupied area, high treatment efficiency, large treatment capacity, thorough crushing and easy maintenance.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

The invention relates to a biomass crushing and impurity removing device, which comprises a shell (1), a base (2), a feeder (3), an impurity discharging port (4), a rotary door (5), a biomass discharging port (6), a screen cylinder (7), a crushing cutter group (8), a guide screw blade (9), a cleaning screw blade (10), a main shaft (11), a motor (12), a washing nozzle (13) and a control system (14), wherein the device is of a vertical structure, the motor (12) is arranged at the top and is connected with the main shaft (11) through a coupler, the main shaft (11) is arranged in a detachable cylindrical screen cylinder (7), the main shaft (11) is respectively provided with the cleaning screw blade (10), the crushing cutter group (8) and the guide screw blade (9) from bottom to top, the device comprises 3 855 groups of crushing cutter groups (8), the bottom end of the main shaft (11) is connected with the base at the bottom end of the shell through a rotating assembly, the shell (1) is a trapezoidal cylinder assembled by four trapezoidal inclined planes, each trapezoidal cylinder is provided with a rotary door (5), the screen cylinder (7) is arranged at the bottom, the bottom end of the screen cylinder (7) and is matched with a screen cylinder (7) through a hinge pin shaft, a rib plate (7) and a screen cylinder (7) and a rib plate (7) is arranged at the upper end of the screen cylinder (7) and is arranged between the screen cylinder (7) so as to facilitate the screen cylinder to replace the screen cylinder (7) when the screen cylinder (7) and.

The device has an inlet and two outlets: one inlet is a feeder (3); one outlet is a sundries outlet; one discharge port is a biomass discharge port (6). The lower part of the biomass discharge port (6) can be connected with a receiving hopper and a discharge screw conveyor (16) and can also be directly connected with a storage bin according to requirements.

The biomass screening device is characterized in that the base (2) is a disc and supports a screen drum (7), four groups of stress ribbed plates, a shell (1), a main shaft (11) and a motor (12), and the base (2) is respectively connected with the four groups of stress ribbed plates through four connecting plates, wherein the screen drum (7) is fixed on the base (2) and is divided into an inner part and an outer part of the screen drum, the outer part of the screen drum except the four connecting plates is provided with holes for leaking biomass separated from the screen drum (7) to a biomass discharge hole (6), the inner part of the screen drum is provided with separated long holes, the hole diameter is 15 ~ 30mm, the long holes are radial along the diameter direction of the base (2), and the length of each long hole is 120 ~ 400 mm.

The feeder (3) adopts a tubular shaftless screw conveyor as a conveying part, the outer diameter of the screw is 200 ~ 400mm, the screw is used for end part discharging, the discharging end extends into the device, the discharging end screw shell is fixed with the screen cylinder (7), and the tail end of the discharging end screw blade is coplanar with the outer cylindrical surface of the screen cylinder (7).

the opening of the sundries discharging port (4) is from the top end of the screen cylinder (7) to the first pitch of the material guiding propeller blade (9). Meanwhile, the discharge port is eccentrically arranged and is tangent to the screen drum (7) along the throwing-out direction of the sundries, so that the sundries are prevented from being accumulated and blocked.

Sieve section of thick bamboo (7) assemble by the screen cloth of cutting apart into eight parts and form, each part adopts the round pin axle fixed, convenient to detach, adopts the preparation of 4mm wear-resisting material steel, and the percent opening is controlled at 30% -65% according to the material, and sieve mesh (15) are bell mouth and hole little, outer hole big, the aperture 15 ~ 25mm of hole, the aperture ratio hole of outer hole is 7 ~ 10mm big.

The crushing cutter set (8) is composed of a lining (17), blades (18), a fixed disc (19) and a pin shaft (20), the lining (17) is made of low-hardness and high-wear-resistance materials, the pin shaft (20) is in interference fit with the lining (17), the lining (17) is in clearance fit with the blades (18), the blades (8) can rotate freely, two blade sets of the fixed disc (19) are welded and fixed on a main shaft (11), each fixed disc (19) comprises three blade sets, the interval between every two adjacent blade sets is 120 degrees, each blade set comprises 2 ~ 4 blades (18), 6 ~ 12 blades (8) of the three blade sets form the crushing cutter set (8), the adjacent crushing cutter sets (8) are staggered clockwise by 60 degrees, the distance between a cutter head and a screen cylinder (7) is 6 ~ 10mm, the blades (18) are made of alloy tool steel, the width of the blades (18) is 40 ~ 70mm, the length is 200 ~ 300mm, the thickness is 10 ~ 18mm, one side of the blades (18) is ground, and the length is half of the blade edge of the blade (18).

The material cleaning screw propeller blade (10) is arranged at the bottom, the distance between the lowest end of the blade and the bottom is 3 ~ 10mm, the distance between the outer edge of the blade and the screen drum (7) is 6 ~ 10mm, the blade is spirally welded along the main shaft (11), and the screw propeller blade conveys materials to the position of a crushing cutter group (8) to be crushed when the bottom is blanked and stirred.

The paddle of the material guide screw paddle (9) is a discontinuous screw, the paddle of each screw pitch is provided with 4 ~ 6 openings, the openings and the discontinuous screw equally divide the whole screw pitch, the diameter of the openings is half of the radius of the screw blade, the edges of the openings are polished and have a cutting function, and the distance between the outer edge of the paddle and the screen cylinder (7) is 6 ~ 10 mm.

The washing spray head (13) from top to bottom set up 3 ~ 4 layers, every layer of adjacent shower nozzle interval 30 ~ 40mm, the shower nozzle can rotate from top to bottom, turned angle 120 degrees to reach the mesh of washing whole sieve section of thick bamboo (7).

The motor (12) is a variable frequency motor, the rotating speed is 600 ~ 1500r/min, and the power is 30 ~ 75 kw.

The control system (14) realizes the variable frequency starting and the automatic operation of the motor (12).

The utility model provides an edulcoration device is smashed to living beings, its main operation process as follows:

the biomass to be treated is conveyed to a crushing cutter group (8) inside the equipment from the bottom end of the equipment uniformly and orderly through a feeder (3), under the action of a motor (12) and a control system (14), a main shaft (11) drives a material cleaning screw blade (10), the crushing cutter group (8) and a material guiding screw blade (9) to rotate at a high speed of 600 ~ 1500r/min, the biomass is crushed under the high-speed impact of the crushing cutter group (8), meanwhile, the crushing force of plastics, fabrics and the like is small, the biomass meeting the crushing requirement is separated from a screen cylinder (7) under the action of centrifugal force, and the plastics, fabrics and the like with small crushing force are conveyed to a sundries discharge port (4) under the action of the material guiding screw blade (9).

the structure and the distribution of the crushing cutter group (8) are favorable, so that the biomass is fully crushed, the small crushing strength of plastics, fabrics and the like is ensured, the active connection mode of the blade (18) avoids the blade (18) from being damaged due to the rigid collision with a hard object in the operation process, and the blade is convenient to replace. Biomass that is not sufficiently broken falls to the bottom of the apparatus. The material cleaning propeller blade (10) arranged at the bottom and the main shaft (11) synchronously rotate, and the fallen biomass is stirred by the material cleaning propeller blade (10) to enter a crushing link again, so that the high efficiency of material crushing is ensured, and the occurrence of material accumulation is avoided. Meanwhile, the biomass which meets the crushing requirement and also falls to the bottom of the device has a part of biomass which directly falls to the biomass discharge port (6) through the long hole of the base (2). When the equipment stops working or the sieve pores (15) are blocked, the flushing spray head (13) is opened to clean the sieve cylinder (7).

The invention has the following advantages:

(1) The crushing and impurity removing processes are simultaneously realized, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced;

(2) Due to the special crushing cutter set and the mechanical structure, when biomass is crushed fully and repeatedly, the crushing strength on plastics, fabrics and the like is small, so that the impurity removal efficiency is improved;

(3) The material cleaning propeller blade at the bottom is matched with the flushing nozzle, so that the equipment is ensured not to accumulate materials and block materials;

(4) The maintenance door, the screen drum, the crushing cutter set and the like are convenient to disassemble, and easily replaceable and maintainable wearing parts are easy.

drawings

The apparatus is described in detail with reference to the following drawings

The figure is an outline diagram of the equipment

Second drawing is the equipment front view

FIG. three is a drawing of a single-piece screen

FIG. four is a drawing of a crushing cutter set

FIG. five is a blade drawing

Reference numbers of the drawings: 1-shell, 2-base, 3-feeder, 4-sundry material outlet, 5-revolving door, 6-biomass outlet, 7-screen cylinder, 8-crushing cutter group, 9-guide screw blade, 10-material cleaning screw blade, 11-main shaft, 12-motor, 13-flushing sprayer, 14-control system, 15-screen hole, 16-collecting hopper and discharging screw conveyor, 17-lining, 18-blade, 19-fixed disk and 20-pin shaft.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in the first and second figures, the device comprises a shell 1, a base 2, a feeder 3, a sundries discharge port 4, a revolving door 5, a biomass discharge port 6, a screen drum 7, a crushing cutter group 8, a material guiding propeller blade 9, a material cleaning propeller blade 10, a main shaft 11, a motor 12, a washing nozzle 13 and a control system 14.

The device is vertical structure, and the top is arranged in to motor 12, and motor power 75kw, motor adopt six grades of variable frequency motors, and motor 12 links to each other with main shaft 11 through the shaft coupling, and in detachable cylinder type sieve section of thick bamboo 7 was arranged in to main shaft 11, main shaft 11 was installed from supreme down and is clearly expected propeller blade 10, broken knife tackle 8, guide propeller blade 9 respectively, and 11 bottoms of main shaft link to each other through the base of runner assembly with the casing bottom.

The shell 1 is a trapezoidal cylinder assembled by four trapezoidal inclined planes, the shell 1 is made of a 2mm cold plate, and after all parts are assembled, the shell is finally installed. Every trapezoidal inclined plane all sets up a revolving door 5, totally 4 revolving doors.

3 layers of washing nozzles 13 are distributed from top to bottom opposite to the screen cylinder 7. The motor 12 and the base 2 are supported by four groups of stressed rib plates, meanwhile, the screen drum 7 and the shell 1 are fixed on the four groups of stressed rib plates, and the screen drum 7 is fixed with the stressed rib plates through a pin shaft structure, so that the screen drum 7 is convenient to disassemble and assemble when the crushing cutter group 8 is replaced.

the bottom end bearing of the screen cylinder 7 is provided with an air inlet 21 to form an air path, light materials such as plastics, fabrics and the like are quickly blown out from the upper end in a cooperation mode, the air inlet pipeline is 100mm, the air inlet is located on one side inside the screen cylinder 7, and the air path is guaranteed to be formed inside the screen cylinder 7.

The upper ends of the four groups of stressed rib plates are upper end covers, the lower ends of the four groups of stressed rib plates are fixed with the base 2, and the upper end covers fixedly install the motor 12 through the bell-shaped cover.

The base 2 is a disc, which supports the screen drum 7, four groups of force-bearing rib plates, the housing 1, the spindle 11 and the motor 12, and the base 2 is connected with the four groups of force-bearing rib plates through four connecting plates. The screen drum 7 is fixed on the base 2, the base 2 is divided into two parts, namely an inner part and an outer part, of the screen drum, and the other parts except four connecting plates of the outer part of the screen drum are provided with holes, so that biomass separated from the screen drum 7 is leaked to the biomass discharge hole 6; the inside slot hole that separates of a sieve section of thick bamboo, the aperture is at 20mm, and the slot hole is radial along base 2 diameter direction, and slot hole length 180 mm.

The feeder 3 adopts the shaftless screw conveyer of tubular, and spiral external diameter 300mm, helical blade adopt the thick wear-resisting material steel preparation of 22mm, and the spiral is the tip ejection of compact, and in the discharge end stretched into the device, discharge end spiral shell was fixed with sieve section of thick bamboo 7, and discharge end helical blade is terminal and sieve section of thick bamboo 7 outer cylindrical surface coplane.

The opening of the sundries discharging port 4 is 240mm away from the upper end cover, meanwhile, the discharging port is eccentrically arranged, the sundries are tangentially arranged with the screen cylinder 7 along the throwing-out direction of the sundries, the size of the discharging port is 400mm x 500mm, and the discharging port is made of a 4mm steel plate.

The screen drum 7 is formed by splicing eight parts of screen meshes, the upper part and the lower part are uniformly divided into an upper part 4 parts and a lower part 4 parts, the height of each part of screen mesh is 1.1 m, and the radius of each screen mesh is 380 mm. Each part adopts the round pin axle to fix, convenient to detach, adopts the preparation of 4mm wear-resisting material steel, and the percent opening is controlled at 63% according to the material, and sieve mesh 15 is the bell mouth and the hole is little, the outer hole is big, and hole diameter 18mm, the aperture 25mm of outer hole.

The crushing cutter group 8 consists of a lining 17, a blade 18, a fixed disc 19 and a pin shaft 20, wherein the lining 17 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and has the thickness of 8 mm; round pin axle 20 and bush 17 interference fit, bush 17 and 18 clearance fit of blade, blade 8 can free rotation, 19 two a set of welded fastening of fixed disk are in main shaft 11, every fixed disk 19 contains three blade group, adjacent blade group interval 120 degrees, every blade group contains 3 blades 18, a broken knife tackle 8 is constituteed to 9 blades 18 totally in three blade group, adjacent broken knife tackle 8 staggers the angle 60 degrees clockwise, the tool bit is 8mm with sieve section of thick bamboo 7 distance, blade 18 material adopts alloy tool steel, total 4 broken knife tackle 8 of this equipment, total 36 blades 18. The blade 18 has a width of 55mm, a length of 220mm and a thickness of 12mm, and one side of the blade 18 is ground into an edge with a length of 110 mm.

The material cleaning screw blade 10 is arranged at the bottom and is composed of two sections of screws, the two sections of screws are correspondingly welded on two sides of the main shaft 11, the screw diameter is 550mm, the screw length is 120mm, the distance between the lowest end of the blade and the bottom is 6mm, the distance between the outer edge of the blade and the screen drum 7 is 8mm, the blade is spirally welded along the main shaft 11, and the screw blade conveys materials to the position of a crushing cutter set for crushing while blanking and stirring the bottom.

The paddle of guide propeller blade 9 is discontinuous spiral, and the spiral external diameter is 740mm, and the pitch is 300mm, and 5 openings are opened to the paddle of every pitch, opening width 240mm, and the opening footpath is dark for 150mm, and the opening edge is polished and is had the cutting action concurrently, and the paddle outer fringe is 8mm with sieve section of thick bamboo 7 distance.

The washing nozzles 13 are arranged in 3 layers from top to bottom, the distance between every two adjacent nozzles on each layer is 35m, the nozzles can rotate up and down, and the rotation angle is 120 degrees, so that the purpose of washing the whole screen drum 7 is achieved.

The control system 14 enables variable frequency starting and automatic operation of the motor 12.

Claims (5)

1. A biomass crushing and impurity removing device is composed of a shell (1), a base (2), a feeder (3), a sundries discharge port (4), a rotary door (5), a biomass discharge port (6), a screen cylinder (7), a crushing cutter set (8), a guide screw blade (9), a cleaning screw blade (10), a main shaft (11), a motor (12), a washing nozzle (13) and a control system (14), and is of a vertical structure, wherein the motor (12) is arranged at the top and connected with the main shaft (11) through a coupler, the main shaft (11) is arranged in a detachable cylindrical screen cylinder (7), the main shaft (11) is respectively provided with the cleaning screw blade (10), the crushing cutter set (8) and the guide screw blade (9) from bottom to top, the device comprises 3 ~ sets of crushing cutter sets (8), the bottom end of the main shaft (11) is connected with the base (2) at the bottom end of a shell body through a rotating assembly, the rotating cutter set is connected with the base (2) at the bottom end of the shell, the shell is a trapezoid cylinder assembled by four inclined planes, each trapezoid inclined planes are respectively provided with one rotating doors (10) and a rotating cutter set, the rotating cutter set is composed of 357) and a rotating cutter set 30mm, the rotating cutter set of a rotating cutter set 7, the rotating cutter set of a rotating cutter set 30mm, the rotating cutter set of a rotating cutter blades (7), the rotating cutter set 7) which is used for forming a rotating cutter set of a mesh, the rotating cutter set of a rotating cutter blades (7), the rotating cutter set of a rotating cutter blades (7) which is used for rotating cutter blades (7), the rotating cutter set of a rotating cutter blades (10) which is used for forming a mesh, the rotating cutter blades (10), the rotating cutter set of a rotating cutter blades (7) which is used for rotating cutter blades (7) and a rotating cutter set of a mesh, the rotating cutter blades (7) and a rotating cutter set of a mesh, the rotating cutter blades (7) and a mesh, the rotating cutter set of a rotating cutter blades (7), the rotating cutter blades.

2. The biomass crushing and impurity removing device according to claim 1, characterized in that a tubular shaftless screw conveyor is adopted as a conveying part of the feeder (3), the outer diameter of the screw is 200 ~ 400mm, the screw is used for end part discharging, the discharging end extends into the device, a spiral shell of the discharging end is fixed with the screen cylinder (7), and the tail end of a spiral blade of the discharging end is coplanar with the outer cylindrical surface of the screen cylinder (7).

3. the biomass crushing and impurity removing device according to claim 1, wherein the material cleaning propeller blade (10) is arranged at the bottom, the lowest end of the blade is 3 ~ 10mm away from the bottom, the distance between the outer edge of the blade and the screen drum (7) is 6 ~ 10mm, the blade is spirally welded along the main shaft (11), and the spiral blade conveys materials to the position of the crushing cutter group (8) for crushing while the bottom is blanked and stirred.

4. The biomass crushing and impurity removing device according to claim 1, wherein the material guiding screw blades (9) are discontinuous screws, each blade of each screw pitch is provided with 4 ~ 6 openings, the openings and the discontinuous screws equally divide the whole screw pitch, the diameter of each opening is half of the radius of each screw blade, the grinding of the edges of the openings has a cutting effect, and the distance between the outer edge of each blade and the screen cylinder (7) is 6 ~ 10 mm.

5. The biomass crushing and impurity removing device according to claim 1, wherein the motor (12) is a variable frequency motor, the rotating speed is 600 ~ 1500r/min, and the power is 30 ~ 75 kw.