CN106461680A - 用于测定抗体特异性的方法 - Google Patents
用于测定抗体特异性的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106461680A CN106461680A CN201580026347.6A CN201580026347A CN106461680A CN 106461680 A CN106461680 A CN 106461680A CN 201580026347 A CN201580026347 A CN 201580026347A CN 106461680 A CN106461680 A CN 106461680A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于测定抗体特异性的方法,确定多价抗体是否是单特异性的,特别是确定二价抗体是单特异性的还是双特异性的。此外,本发明提供了用于定量存在于样品中的双特异性二价抗体的量的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于确定多价抗体是否是单特异性的,特别是二价抗体是单特异性还是双特异性的方法。本发明还涉及用于定量样品中双特异性二价抗体的量的方法,并且以更具体的方式,本发明涉及用于定量抗体的Fab臂交换的方法。
发明背景
免疫球蛋白G(IgG)是人血清中最丰富的抗体(Ab),并且细分为四个亚类:IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4。IgG1和IgG4二者都具有两个铰链间键二硫键,IgG2具有4个铰链间二硫键,IgG3具有11个铰链间二硫键。IgG1和IgG3通常被描述为活性亚类,因为它们引发抗体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒作用和补体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒作用。相反,IgG2和IgG4被描述为无活性亚类,因为它们很少地结合效应分子,导致相对低的效应子功能诱导。
在治疗背景下,抗体的选择通常由与不同抗体亚类相关的不同性质决定。IgG4抗体通常是不期望募集免疫效应子功能的选择的亚类,并且治疗效果例如通过受体阻断或缀合的效应分子的靶向递送来实现。
在IgG亚类中,IgG4分子具有独特的特征,因为它们能够经历被称为“半分子交换”或“Fab臂交换”(FAE)的动态交换事件。该生理过程包括一种IgG4抗体的重链-轻链对(半分子)与另一种IgG4抗体的重链-轻链对的交换和重组。这种效应是由于存在不寻常的铰链序列,其使得重链之间的二硫键特别易于还原。另外,与IgG1抗体相比,IgG4CH3结构域形成不太稳定的同源二聚体,也促进了交换(Aalberse等2009)。
二价单特异性IgG4抗体经历Fab臂交换的该固有能力导致二价双特异性抗体的形成,即每个臂结合不同的抗原,因此不能交联相同的抗原的抗体。在具有不同和未知可变区的抗体之间发生的交换导致具有未知的并且可能是不期望的特异性的双特异性抗体。此外,经历与内源性IgG4抗体的Fab臂交换的生物治疗性二价单特异性IgG4抗体可导致交换的二价但功能上单价的双特异性抗体的形成,从而导致当结合靶抗原时亲合力的丧失。这可影响生物治疗剂的药代动力学和功效,并将最初靶向的抗原的同源交联改变成非交联行为。随后,Fab臂交换可对人免疫治疗引入不期望的药效学不可预测性。因此,必须理解IgG4抗体参与Fab臂交换的倾向,以便允许使用否则无活性的IgG4同种型作为生物治疗剂的主链。因此,本领域需要提供用于确定单价抗体是否是单特异性的测定,二价抗体是单特异性的还是双特异性的,用于定量样品中双特异性二价抗体的量,以及测量(定量)抗体,特别是IgG4抗体的Fab臂交换的测定。
在这个意义上van der Neut Kofschoten等2007描述了夹心ELISA测定,其允许使用抗独特型抗体测量抗CD20IgG4和抗EGFR IgG4之间的Fab臂交换。
2011年Shapiro等人还报道了基于ELISA测定法测定抗α4IgG4与内源性IgG4的Fab臂交换的方法。
尽管已知上述内容,但本领域需要提供用于定量抗体的Fab臂交换的可靠方法的进一步改进的方法。
附图简述
图1:通过SDS-PAGE和考马斯染色的抗体分析。通过变性,非还原性SDS-PAGE和考马斯染色分析等量的每种抗体。在图的上方说明了各抗体的同种型、特异性和铰链序列(野生型或S228P突变)。空心箭头表示完整的全长抗体的位置;实心箭头表示半分子的位置。注意,在抗IL-6临床候选物S228P IgG4制剂中不存在可检测的半分子(泳道2)。蛋白质标记的位置和分子量显示在左边。
图2:Fab臂交换。A,体外FAE和本发明的测定的示意图:将样品与结合两种不同可检测标记物中的一种或另一种的相同抗原分子的混合物一起温育。在16小时温育后信号的损失推断FAE已发生(方法1)。平行地,将样品与两种不同抗原的混合物一起温育,每种抗原各自结合不同的可检测标记物。16小时温育后的信号增益推断存在由FAE产生的新形成的双特异性抗体(方法2)。浅灰色Y形,抗IL-6(野生型或S228P)抗体;深灰色Y形,抗-TNF野生型抗体;黑色断裂的椭圆,突出显示新形成的双特异性(抗IL-6/抗-TNF)抗体;实线黑线,链霉抗生物素蛋白包被的Meso Scale Discovery(MSD)板;浅灰色圆圈,生物素化IL-6;浅灰色菱形,Sulfo-tagTM标记的IL-6;深灰色菱形,Sulfo-tagTM标记的TNF;卷曲箭头,表示产生的信号。B和C,通过两种基于MSD的方法在体外定量和检测FAE。在防止进一步FAE的GSH的存在或不存在的情况下,在37℃(分别为T=0和T=16小时)过夜温育之前或之后淬灭的抗体样品,通过A中所示的两种测定来进行分析。浅灰色阴影条,含抗IL-6野生型IgG4抗体的样品;深灰色阴影条,含抗IL-6S228P IgG4抗体的样品。注意:只有在GSH存在下温育的含有抗IL-6野生型抗体和抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体的样品,当通过方法1(B)测定时显示信号损失,并且当通过方法2(C)测定时显示相关的信号增益。数据点表示三次独立测量的平均值+SEM值。*P<0.05,配对t检验。
图3:IgG4耗尽的生理基质的制备和分析。A,使用用于耗尽内源性IgG4抗体的抗IgG4(和对照)珠的过程的示意图。离心血液后,将等量的血浆(加载)依次加载至两个抗Ig4柱(左手侧)或平行地,两个对照柱(右手侧)。收集来自每次运行的未结合的流穿(FT)材料(分别为FT1和2),然后洗涤珠,并用SDS-PAGE样品缓冲液洗脱(分别为E1和2)。直接使用来自抗IgG4珠的FT2(IgG4耗尽的血浆)或在用于使用产生IgG4耗尽的血液前添加至经洗涤的红细胞(RBC)中。B,通过SDS-PAGE、WB和考马斯染色分析所得样品。通过SDS-PAGE和WB,利用缀合有HRP的抗IgG 4、1、2和3Fc特异性抗体(在主图像的左手侧指出)分析样品(来自A)。实心箭头,表示半分子(仅与抗IgG4抗体发生免疫反应)的位置。将与抗IgG4珠一起温育的级分E1和E2合并(E总),并通过SDS-PAGE和考马斯染色(右手图)分析。蛋白质标记的位置和分子量显示在右侧。
图4:离体IgG-4耗尽的生理基质中的FAE的分析。A和B,在GSH的存在或不存在下,在IgG4耗尽的血液(左手侧)或IgG4耗尽的血浆(右手侧)中,将含有抗-IgG4野生型抗体(浅灰色阴影条)或其经S228P修饰的变体(深灰色阴影条)的样品与抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体以1:9摩尔比一起温育。在37℃下温育过夜后,通过本发明的方法淬灭样品并分析其FAE。A,将样品与结合至两种不同可检测标记物中的一种或另一种的相同抗原分子的混合物一起温育(方法1)。B,将样品与两种不同抗原的混合物一起温育,每种抗原结合不同的可检测标记物(方法2)。注意:在生理相关的体外还原条件下,即在补充的GSH的不存在的情况下,FAE仅在血液中发生,而不在血浆中发生。数据点表示三个独立实验的平均值+SEM值。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,配对t检验。
图5:两个被给药的受试者的总的和完整的S228P抗IL6抗体血浆浓度-时间曲线。向健康志愿者给予3mg/kg IV剂量的S228P抗IL6抗体。以有规律的间隔取出血浆样品并通过两种离散方法测定。总测定;检测所有单特异性单价S228P抗IL6抗体半分子(即非交换和交换种类)。完整测定;仅检测全长单特异性二价S228P抗IL6抗体分子(即,仅非交换的种类)。黑色箭头,表示S228P抗IL6抗体施用。黑色曲线,总测定;灰色曲线,完整测定;半衰期(t1/2)。
发明详述
本发明通过提供用于确定多价抗体是否是单特异性的,特别是二价抗体是单特异性还是双特异性的新型方法来解决上述需要。本发明还提供了用于定量样品中双特异性二价抗体的量的新型方法,以及以更具体的方式用于定量抗体的Fab臂交换的方法。
在第一实施方案中,本发明提供了用于确定二价抗体样品是否包含任何具有可变区1(VR1)和可变区2(VR2)的双特异性抗体的体外方法,其包括:
a)添加特异性结合VR1的抗原,其中抗原的一半具有第一可检测标记物(M1),抗原的另一半具有第二可检测标记物(M2);和
b)确定所述样品是否包含M1和M2二者均特异性结合的抗体;
其中如果检测到M1和M2均结合的抗体,则所述样品包含双特异性抗体。
在第二实施方案中,本发明提供了用于定量样品中具有可变区1(VR1)和可变区2(VR2)的双特异性二价抗体的量的体外方法,其包括:
a)提供参照样品,其中所述抗体是单特异性的,仅具有VR1;和测试样品,其中双特异性抗体的量是未知的;
b)向每个样品中添加特异性结合VR1的相同抗原,其中抗原的一半具有第一可检测标记物(M1),抗原的另一半具有第二可检测标记物(M2);和
c)确定在每个样品中M1和M2二者均特异性结合的抗体的量,和
d)比较参照样品与测试样品中M1或M2的量。
在第三个实施方案中,本发明提供了用于定量二价单特异性抗体(Ab1)的Fab臂交换的体外方法,其包括:
a)在使得能够发生Fab臂交换的条件下,用至少第二抗体温育所述抗体(Ab1);和
b)根据第二实施方案的方法定量所得二价抗体的量。
在本发明的第四实施方案中,本发明第一和第二个实施方案的二价抗体或根据本发明第三个实施方案的抗体(Ab1)是IgG4。在可选的实施方案中,根据本发明方法的第三实施方案的第二抗体是IgG4。在根据第三实施方案的本发明方法的另一个实施方案中,抗体Ab1和第二抗体二者均为IgG4。如本领域技术人员理解的,根据本发明第三实施方案的方法可用于建立任何抗体亚类的Fab臂交换。在开发含有遗传工程化突变抗体的背景下,这是特别相关的,特别是当这些突变影响抗体中的铰链区或CH3-CH3界面时。
在本发明方法的第五实施方案中,M1和M2二者均结合的抗体量的测定通过允许M1结合至基质并测量结合至抗体并被基质捕获的M2的量来进行。
在本发明方法的第六实施方案中,M2是电化学发光标记物。
在本发明的第七实施方案中,根据第三个实施方案的用于定量Fab臂交换的方法的特征在于,在血浆中进行步骤a)。
在本发明的第八实施方案中,用于定量Fab臂交换的方法的特征在于所述血浆被耗尽了内源性IgG4,并且其中已经添加了抗体(Ab1)和第二抗体(Ab2)。
如本领域先前所述,生理基质(诸如血液或血浆)提供了其中发生Fab臂交换的天然还原环境。然而,在体外情况下,通常有必要通过添加还原剂来提供这样的环境。本领域技术人员知道能够控制样品的氧化还原电位的替代方法,从而提供这样的环境。
在本发明的第九实施方案中,在选自谷胱甘肽、巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇或三(2-羧乙基)膦及其组合的还原剂存在下进行所述步骤a)。
一旦发生Fab臂交换,技术人员可能希望阻止进一步的Fab臂交换发生。如技术人员将知道抗体之间的Fab臂交换可通过冷冻样品,例如通过在-20℃下储存,或通过使存在于抗体上的巯基失活来防止。
在本发明的第十实施方案中,根据本发明第三个实施方案的用于定量Fab臂交换的方法还包括在步骤a)之后通过使巯基失活防止Fab臂交换。
在本发明的第十一实施方案中,所述失活通过加入烷化剂来进行。
本领域技术人员已知的烷化剂的实例包括但不限于N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)、碘乙酰胺(IAM)、碘乙酸(IAA)、丙烯酰胺、2-乙烯基吡啶或4-乙烯基吡啶。
在本发明的第十二实施方案中,所述烷化剂选自N-乙基马来酰亚胺、碘乙酰胺、碘乙酸及其组合。
在本发明的第十三实施方案中,根据本发明第三实施方案的用于定量Fab臂交换的方法另外包括进行另一种定量,包括:
a2)在使得能够发生Fab臂交换的条件下,用第二抗体(Ab2)温育所述抗体(Ab1);
b2)提供参照样品,其中所述抗体是单特异性的,仅具有VR1,以及来自a2)的测试样品;
c2)添加抗原分子的混合物,其中50%是特异于Ab1并结合至M1的抗原1(Ag1),50%是特异于Ab2并结合至M2的抗原2(Ag2);和
d2)测定M1和M2二者均特异性结合的抗体的量。
在根据本发明的第三实施方案的用于定量Fab臂交换的方法的第十四实施方案中,c2)中M2信号相对于其参照样品的增加与在本发明的第五实施方案中测量的M2信号的损失相关。
如技术人员将理解第一定量中的信号损失与第二定量中信号增益之间的这种相关性,允许确认新形成的双特异性抗体的存在。
在本发明的第十五实施方案中,通过进行根据本发明第三实施方案的方法获得参照样品,其中使得不能发生Fab臂交换的条件下进行步骤a)。
出于实际目的,从实验角度来看,当在接触两种抗体之后立即获得参考样品时获得的样品的测量,被当作时间=0。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,在用于定量Fab臂交换的方法中,用于测量测定的任一可检测标记物是放射性标记物、荧光标记物、酶标记物、发光物等。本领域技术人员将知道用于本发明的方法的其它标记物。
在根据本发明的用于定量Fab臂交换的方法的另一个具体实施方案中,步骤a)在20℃至42℃,优选30℃至38℃,优选35℃至38℃,优选37℃的温度下进行。
在根据本发明的用于定量Fab臂交换的方法的另一个具体实施方案中,将抗体(Ab1)与至少一种其它抗体接触,持续确定量的时间。通常,在生理范围内,这种反应发生所需的时间量与温度成反比,因此温度越低,反应速度越慢。对于本领域技术人员来说,在给定温度下确立最佳反应时间是常规的,反过来,对于给定的时间范围确立理想的温度也是常规的。在具体的实施方案中,该时间优选为2小时至48小时,4小时至40小时,8小时至26小时,10小时至24小时,优选12小时至20小时,以及优选16小时至18小时。
在根据本发明的用于定量Fab臂交换的方法的另一个具体实施方案中,还原剂是谷胱甘肽,优选其以0.01mM至10mM,优选0.01mM至5mM,优选0.02mM至3mM,优选0.2mM至0.8mM,优选0.3mM至0.7mM,以及优选0.5mM的浓度存在。当使用其它还原剂时,本领域技术人员将常规地确立必需的等效浓度。
在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,可检测标记物M1通过特异于M1的抗体结合至基质。
如本文所用,术语“抗体”或“多种抗体”是指单克隆或多克隆抗体。如本文所用,术语“抗体”或“多种抗体”包括但不限于通过本领域已知的重组技术产生的重组抗体。“抗体”或“多种抗体”包括任何物种的抗体,特别是哺乳动物物种的抗体;诸如任何同种型的人抗体,包括IgA1、IgA2、IgD、IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3、IgG4、IgE和IgM及其修饰变体、非人灵长类动物抗体,例如来自黑猩猩、狒狒、恒河猴或食蟹猴;啮齿类动物抗体,例如来自小鼠、大鼠或兔;山羊或马抗体;以及骆驼抗体(例如来自骆驼或美洲驼诸如NanobodiesTM)及其衍生物;或禽类的抗体诸如鸡抗体或鱼类的抗体诸如鲨鱼抗体。术语“抗体”或“多种抗体”还指“嵌合”抗体,其中至少一条重链和/或轻链抗体序列的第一部分来自第一物种,并且重链和/或轻链抗体序列的第二部分来自第二物种。本文中的目标嵌合抗体包括“灵长类化”抗体,其包含源自非人灵长类动物(例如旧世界猴,诸如狒狒、恒河猴或食蟹猴)和人恒定区序列的可变结构域抗原结合序列。“人源化”抗体是包含源自非人抗体的序列的嵌合抗体。对于绝大部分来说,人源化抗体是其中来自受者的高变区的残基被来自非人物种(供体抗体)(诸如小鼠、大鼠、兔、鸡或非人灵长类动物)的高变区[或互补决定区(CDR)]的残基替换的人抗体(受者抗体),其具有所需的特异性、亲和力和活性。在大多数情况下,在CDR外即在框架区(FR)中的人(受者)抗体的残基另外地被相应的非人残基替代。此外,人源化抗体可包含在受者抗体或供体抗体中未发现的残基。进行这些修饰以进一步改进抗体性能。人源化降低了人中的非人抗体的免疫原性,从而促进抗体应用于治疗人类疾病。人源化抗体和产生它们的几种不同技术是本领域众所周知的。术语“抗体”或“多种抗体”也指人抗体,其可作为人源化的替代物而产生。例如,可能产生在免疫后能够在不产生内源性鼠抗体的情况下产生人抗体的完全库(full repertoire)的转基因动物(例如,小鼠)。例如,已经描述了嵌合和种系突变型小鼠中抗体重链连接区(JH)基因的纯合缺失导致内源抗体产生的完全抑制。在此类种系突变型小鼠中转移人种系免疫球蛋白基因阵列将导致在用特定抗原免疫携带人种系免疫球蛋白基因的转基因动物时产生对所述抗原具有特异性的人抗体。用于产生此类转基因动物的技术和用于从此类转基因动物分离和产生人抗体的技术是本领域已知的。或者,在转基因动物例如小鼠中,只有编码小鼠抗体可变区的免疫球蛋白基因被相应的人可变免疫球蛋白基因序列替代。编码抗体恒定区的小鼠种系免疫球蛋白基因保持不变。这样,转基因小鼠的免疫系统中的抗体效应子功能和因此的B细胞发育基本上不变,这可导致在体内抗原攻击时改善的抗体应答。一旦已经从此类转基因动物中分离了编码特定目的抗体的基因,可用人恒定区基因替代编码恒定区的基因,以获得完全人抗体。用于在体外获得人抗体/抗体片段的其他方法基于展示技术,诸如噬菌体展示或核糖体展示技术,其中使用至少部分地人工产生的或来自供体的免疫球蛋白可变(V)结构域基因库的重组DNA文库。用于产生人抗体的噬菌体和核糖体展示技术是本领域众所周知的。人抗体也可从分离的人B细胞产生,用目标抗原离体免疫所述抗体,随后将其融合以产生杂交瘤,然后可筛选所述杂交瘤的最佳人抗体。如本文所用,术语“抗体”或“多种抗体”也指无糖基化抗体。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,抗体是通过官能部分(诸如水溶性聚合物,诸如聚(乙二醇),聚(乙二醇)和聚(丙二醇)的共聚物、羧甲基纤维素、葡聚糖、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)或聚(脯氨酸))的共价附接修饰的抗体-已知所有这些抗体在静脉内注射后显示出比相应的未修饰的蛋白显著更长的血液半衰期。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的抗体是附接至官能部分诸如附接至聚(乙二醇)(PEG)部分的抗体。在一个具体实施方案中,抗体是抗体片段,并且PEG分子可通过位于抗体片段中的任何可用的氨基酸侧链或末端氨基酸官能团(例如任何游离氨基、亚氨基、巯基、羟基或羧基)附接。这样的氨基酸可天然存在于抗体片段中,或者可使用重组DNA方法(参见例如US 5,219,996、US 5,667,425、WO 98/25971)工程化至片段中。
如本文所用,术语“抗体”或“多抗体”不仅指任何物种(包括来自人(例如IgG)和其他哺乳动物物种)的未截短抗体,而且还指抗体片段。抗体的片段包含至少一个本领域已知的重链或轻链免疫球蛋白结构域并且结合一种或多种抗原。根据本发明的抗体片段的实例包括Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2,以及Fv和scFv片段;以及由抗体片段或抗体形成的双抗体、三抗体、四抗体、微型抗体、结构域抗体、单链抗体、双特异性、三特异性、四特异性或多特异性抗体,包括但不限于Fab-Fv构建体。如上定义的抗体片段是本领域已知的。
如本文所用,术语“二价抗体”是指具有2个抗原结合位点的抗体。
如本文使用,术语“单特异性抗体”是指含有相同的可变区的抗体。
如本文所用,术语“双特异性抗体”是指含有两个不同可变区的抗体。
如本文所用,术语“Fab臂交换”或“FAE”是指一个抗体的一个完整重链-轻链对(半分子)与另一个抗体的一个完整重链-轻链对(半分子)的交换和重组。IgG4抗体最可能经历Fab臂交换。
如本文所用,术语“使得能够发生Fab臂交换的条件”是指其中能够发生一种抗体的重链-轻链对(半分子)与另一种抗体的重链-轻链对(半分子)的交换和重组的条件。通常,Fab臂交换在还原环境存在的情况下发生。如本领域技术人员将知道,所述还原环境天然存在于体内血流中,因此也存在于从供体获得的血液和血清样品中。然而,可在体外情况下通过添加还原剂(诸如下文所定义的和贯穿本文所公开的)来重建还原环境。
相反地,如本文中使用的“使得不能方式Fab臂交换的条件”是指其中一种抗体的重链-轻链对(半分子)与另一种抗体的重链-轻链对(半分子)不能发生交换和重组的条件。如本领域技术人员所知,这通常通过冷冻样品以使得分子不能反应或通过使存在于抗体上的游离巯基失活来实现。游离巯基的失活通常通过将抗体与如上文所定义并且贯穿本文公开的烷化剂一起温育来实现。
“防止Fab臂交换”是指产生其中所述交换被显著减少,优选减少90%,减少95%,或更优选减少99%的条件。通常,这通过冷冻样品,通过使活性巯基基团失活或通过组合两者来实现。本领域技术人员将理解防止所述Fab臂交换的替代手段,诸如例如通过使用非还原条件。
如本文所用,术语“烷化剂”是指导致氢被烷基取代的物质。在本发明含义内的烷化剂的实例包括但不限于N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)、碘乙酰胺和碘乙酸,其它烷基化试剂还包括丙烯酰胺、2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶。
如本文所用,术语“结合”、“特异性结合”、“特异性结合的”在抗体与预定抗原的结合的背景中是指当例如在BIAcore 3000仪中,使用抗体作为分析物通过表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术测定时,具有对应于约10-7M或更小,诸如约10-8M或更小,诸如约10-9M或更小,约10-10M或更小,或约10-11M或更小的KD的亲和力的结合。该术语还意指抗体以对应于为其对非特异性抗原(例如,牛血清白蛋白、酪蛋白)而非预定抗原或密切相关的抗原的结合的亲和力的至多1/10,例如至多1/100,例如至多1/1000,诸如至多1/10,000,例如至多1/100,000的KD的亲和力结合预定抗原。亲和力较低的量取决于抗体的KD,以使得当抗体的KD非常低(即,抗体非常特异性)时,对于抗原的亲和力的量可为对于非特异性抗原的亲和力所低的量的至多1/10,000。
如本文所用,术语“KD”是指特定抗体-抗原相互作用的解离速率常数。
如本文所用,术语“抗原”是指能够在上面定义的意义上特异性结合特定抗体分子的分子。
如本文使用,术语“标记物”或“可检测标记物”是指可被特异性检测的结构。标记通常是可与目标蛋白质或其它分子化学连接或缀合的分子。如本领域技术人员已知的,存在可用于本发明的方法中的许多不同的标记物。标记物的非限制性实例包括酶,诸如辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)、碱性磷酸酶(AP)或葡糖氧化酶。这些酶允许检测,通常是因为它们在某些试剂存在的情况下产生可观察到的颜色变化。在一些情况下,将这些酶暴露于引起它们产生光的试剂。发光被描述为当物质从电子激发态返回到基态时从物质发射光。各种形式的发光(生物发光、化学发光、光致发光)在达到激发态的方式上不同。例如,光致发光仅仅是荧光;激发由特定波长的光引发。生物发光的特征在于生物发光化合物(诸如萤光素和萤火虫萤光素酶)的使用。化学发光是通过化学反应产生的光,而电化学发光是响应于电流产生的。电化学发光标记物的非限制性实例包括钌和锇多吡啶复合物系统。标记物的其它实例包括放射性同位素,其中可使用常规方法容易地检测放射性。DNA报道分子也可以用作标记物,以及荧光报告分子,诸如但不限于藻红蛋白。
如本文所用,术语“基质”是指结合分子可附接至其上的物理载体。如本领域技术人员在本发明中将知道的,可以选择不同形式的基质,诸如例如固体基质。本领域中通常使用的固体基质包括珠(例如琼脂糖、sepharose,胶乳,磁性,,纳米颗粒)、多孔板(例如聚苯乙烯、玻璃)、膜(例如硝酸纤维素,PVDF)。
如本文所用,术语“还原性试剂”、“还原剂(reductant)”或“还原剂(reducer)”是指在氧化还原化学反应中将电子失给(或捐赠给)另一化学物质的元素或化合物。由于还原剂失去电子,其被认为已被氧化。在本发明的含义内,如本领域技术人员将理解的,还原剂允许二硫化物基团通过产生巯基(-SH)基团而变得具有反应性。还原剂的非限制性实例包括谷胱甘肽、巯基乙醇(b-ME)、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)或三(2-羧乙基)膦(TCEP)。
如本文所用,“使反应性巯基失活”是指阻断存在于目标蛋白质或其它分子中的所有游离巯基基团,以防止不需要的巯基-二硫化物交换反应。这通常使用烷化剂实现。
实施例
材料和方法
抗体和试剂。
如Peters等2012中所述,表达和纯化人源化抗IL-6野生型IgG4抗体、其S228P点突变变体抗IL-6S228P IgG4抗体、人源化抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体和人源化抗CD22IgG1野生型抗体。对于IgG4的野生型恒定区参见SEQ ID NO:1,对于突变的恒定区参见SEQ ID NO:2(在该序列中,丝氨酸至脯氨酸的突变出现在108位上,假定原始参照是基于对全长抗体序列的)。另外,SEQ ID NO:3对应于IgG4轻链的恒定区,而SEQ ID NO:4和5分别对应于IgG1恒定区重链和轻链。
按照制造商的操作方案,分别使用磺基-NHS-LC-LC-生物素(Thermo Scientific)或钌-NHS-酯(Meso Scale Discovery)来生物素化或Sulfo-tagTM标记重组IL-6、TNF(Peprotech)和抗人κ-轻链特异性抗体(Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories)。
患者样品-体内Fab臂交换。
来自通过静脉内注射接受单一3mg/kg剂量的S228P抗IL6抗体的健康志愿者的匿名血浆样品获自1期随机双盲安慰剂对照研究。
Fab臂交换
将抗IL-6野生型IgG4或抗IL-6S228P IgG4抗体及其潜在交换配偶体(即抗-TNF野生型IgG4或抗CD22野生型IgG1抗体)按如下混合:
对于体外研究:在pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中的100μg/ml的总浓度下以1:1的摩尔比。
对于离体研究:在IgG4耗尽的血浆或IgG4耗尽的血液中的600μg/ml的总浓度下以1:9的摩尔比(参见结果)。
为了允许二硫键还原,用还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)(Sigma)补充样品至0.5mM的终浓度。在实验开始时(t=0h),混合物的等分试样接受N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)(Sigma)至10mM的终浓度(以使潜在的反应性巯基基团失活,从而抑制Fab臂交换),并且与该反应的其余部分一起在37℃下温育16小时(t=16h)。在过夜温育后,也如上灭活样品中的t=16h的巯基基团。
非还原型SDS-PAGE、考马斯染色和免疫印迹。
将抗体和从IgG4耗尽过程获得的样品在补充有NEM(至10mM的终浓度)的1X十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)样品缓冲液中在100℃温育3分钟以使实验假象最小化,随后使用4-20%的梯度Tris-甘氨酸凝胶(Invitrogen)进行分析。在SDS-PAGE后,将凝胶用考马斯染色或转移至硝酸纤维素膜上进行免疫印迹。在20℃下在PBS/0.1%Tween-20中的5%牛奶(w/v)(PBST,封闭缓冲液)中封闭膜1小时,然后与适当的缀合有辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的一抗(AbDSerotec 1:2,000,于封闭缓冲液中)温育。然后将膜用PBST洗涤,与化学发光底物温育并使用ImageQuant 4000LAS分析仪(GE Healthcare)成像。通过测量280nm处的吸光度来定量总蛋白浓度。
IgG4耗尽和生理基质的制备。
将来自健康人供体的全血收集在含肝素的小瓶(BD Bioscience)中,并在20℃下以1,500g离心10分钟,以将血浆与细胞分开。将1.5ml血浆与2×250μl Capture SelectIgG4珠(BAC Netherlands)一起在20℃下顺序搅拌温育1小时。温育后,收集未结合的流穿物质(IgG4耗尽的血浆),并在4℃下储存。将珠用1ml生理盐溶液(PSS,以mM表示的:145NaCl,5.6KCl,5.6葡萄糖,1MgCl2,1CaCl2,15HEPES;pH 7.4)洗涤3次,然后用100μl 1XSDS-样品缓冲液(Invitrogen)洗脱。然后通过非还原型SDS-PAGE分析所得到的级分(参见下文)。
在从血浆中耗尽IgG4期间,通过重悬浮于PSS中并如上所述离心,将来自初始全血离心的沉淀血细胞洗涤3次。然后将洗涤的血细胞重悬于“IgG4耗尽的血浆”(即来自Capture Select IgG4珠的流穿液)中,以产生“IgG4耗尽的全血”。
体外Fab臂交换(FAE)的检测和定量。
定量抗IL-6(野生型或S228P)抗体与抗-TNF野生型抗体的体外Fab臂交换,并且使用本发明的方法证明新形成的抗IL-6/抗-TNF双特异性抗体(双特异性抗体)的存在。在这种情况下,使用MSD(Meso Scale Discovery)多阵列板作为基质来实施本发明的方法。这些板在每个孔中包含高容量碳电极,其允许在Sector Imager 6000分析仪(Meso ScaleDiscovery)中测量电化学发光信号。
首先,通过预先存在的亲本二价单特异性抗IL-6抗体交联相同抗原的两个加不同标签的变体的能力的“损失”来测定FAE的间接定量。将在与NEM温育(以防止进一步的FAE)后回收的反应样品在PBS/1%牛血清白蛋白(PB)中以1:4,000稀释,并用2μg/ml的生物素化的IL-6与磺基-标签标记的IL-6的1:1混合物在20℃下搅拌温育1小时。温育后,将样品转移到PB预封闭的链霉抗生物素蛋白包被的MSD平板上,并在20℃下搅拌温育1小时,然后如下所述进行处理。
其次,如通过新形成的抗IL-6/抗-TNF双特异性抗体交联两种不同抗原的能力“增益”所测定的直接监测FAE。将1:4,000PB稀释的反应样品与2μg/ml的PB中的生物素化的IL-6与Sulfo-tagTM标记的-TNF的1:1混合物在20℃下搅拌温育1小时。温育后,将样品转移至PB预封闭的链霉抗生物素蛋白包被的MSD平板中,并在20℃下搅拌温育1小时。
在与加标签的抗原一起温育后,用PBST洗涤孔三次,然后使用制造商的读取缓冲液显示信号,并在SectorImager 6000分析仪(Meso Scale Discovery)中进行测量。从所有信号中减去从其中用非生物素化的IL-6代替生物素化的变体的平行对照反应获得的背景值。来自至少3次独立实验的重复值用于所有计算。将具有平均值的标准误(SEM)的平均数据绘图。通过将MSD值加在一起并除以重复读取的数目来计算平均数据。通过用读取的标准偏差除以独立实验的数量的平方根来计算平均值的标准误(SEM)。
S228P抗-IL6IgG4抗体的体内Fab臂交换的检测。
以规律的时间间隔采集被给予S228P抗IL6IgG4抗体的健康志愿者的血浆样品,并通过两种不同的MSD测定法(即总测定和完整测定)进行测定。总测定检测所有单价抗体半分子(即,非交换和交换的种类),而完整测定仅检测单特异性二价抗体分子(即,仅非交换的种类)。
简言之,对于总测定,将血浆样品在PB中连续稀释,并在20℃下用1μg/ml生物素化IL-6搅拌温育1小时。温育后,将样品转移至PB预封闭的链霉抗生物素蛋白包被的MSD平板中,并在20℃下搅拌温育1小时。然后用PBST洗涤孔三次,然后与PB中的1μg/ml的Sulfo-tagTM标记的山羊抗人κ轻链抗体(以标记捕获的S228P抗-IL6IgG4抗体κ轻链半分子)温育,在20℃下再搅拌温育1小时,并按照下面的完整测定进行处理。
对于完整测定,在用PB稀释后,将血浆样品与2μg/ml的生物素化的IL-6和Sulfo-tagTM标记的IL-6的1:1混合物在20℃下搅拌温育1小时。温育后,用PBST洗涤孔,并如先前详述的那样显示和测量信号。
在平行测定中使用已知量的连续稀释的S228P抗-IL6IgG4抗体,以获得校准曲线,从该曲线计算血浆S228P抗-IL6IgG4抗体浓度。将来自2个独立实验的重复值用于所有计算。通过比较两种产生的谱来评估S228P抗-IL6IgG4抗体的FAE的量。使用GraphPad Prism软件计算体内血浆S228P抗-IL6IgG4的半衰期。
结果
通过非还原型SDS-PAGE分析抗体
为了研究FAE,使用四种不同的抗体:抗IL-6野生型IgG4、抗IL-6S228P IgG4、抗-TNF野生型IgG4和抗-CD22野生型IgG4。它们通过变性、非还原型SDS-PAGE和考马斯染色的分析显示在图1中。如可从凝胶看出的,野生型IgG4抗体是含有两种主要种类的异源制剂:全长二价单特异性抗体(图1空心箭头)和对应于单价单特异性重-轻链半分子的较低分子量种类(图1实心箭头)。如先前在Angal等1993中所述,通过引入根据EU编号系统(Kabat等,1991)编号的单个S228P点突变,消除了该IgG4野生型特异性异质性。图1。注意:泳道2(S228P IgG4)和泳道4(野生型IgG1)中不存在重-轻链条带。
体外研究Fab臂交换
为了研究S228P突变在体外对抗-IL-6 IgG4的FAE的影响,将抗-IL-6野生型IgG4或抗-IL-6S228P IgG4抗体与抗-TNF野生型IgG4或抗-CD22野生型IgG1抗体以1:1的摩尔比混合,并将样品在还原剂谷胱甘肽(GSH)存在或不存在的情况下于37℃温育。为了控制GSH的潜在有害作用,我们还在GSH的存在下在平行组的反应中自身温育抗-IL-6野生型IgG4或抗-IL-6S228P IgG4。温育后,通过本发明的方法分析样品的FAE(图2A)。首先,使用基于MSD的方法,其利用亲本抗体的二价单特异性性质,并包括用相同抗原的加不同标签的变体温育反应混合物。通过该方法的MSD信号的损失推断来自反应混合物的亲本IgG4单特异性二价抗体的丢失-可能是由于与对应抗体的FAE(方法1)。通过该方法分析反应混合物导致来自含有用GSH补充的抗-IL-6野生型IgG4抗体和抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体的样品的信号的显著损失(~28%)(图2B)。有趣的是,在不存在GSH、在单独的抗-IL-6野生型IgG4的情况下,或当与野生型IgG1或任何含S228P IgG4的样品一起温育时,未观察到这样的损失。
综合起来,这些结果推断,由于与野生型抗-TNF IgG4(但非野生型IgG1)抗体的GSH依赖性FAE,抗-IL-6野生型单特异性二价IgG4抗体从反应混合物中特异性“丢失”。如果为真,该过程应导致抗-IL-6/抗-TNF双特异性抗体的形成。
为了直接研究抗-IL-6/抗-TNF双特异性抗体的存在,使用第二基于MSD的方法测定所有反应混合物的等价等分试样(参见图2A)。该方法利用新形成的抗体的二价双特异性性质,并且包括用抗原组合温育反应混合物以首先捕获双特异性抗体,然后显现双特异性抗体。通过该方法的MSD信号的增益推断从不同的单特异性亲本抗体的FAE形成新形成的双特异性抗体(方法2)。该分析的结果(图2C)显示相同反应中的信号的相关的互补的特异性和显著的增益,所述反应在先前通过方法1(即,补充GSH的抗-IL-6野生型IgG4抗体和抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体样品)显示信号损失。在GSH不存在、在单独的抗-IL-6野生型IgG4或任何含S228P IgG4的样品的情况下未检测到这样的信号增益。
综合起来,这些结果证明,在这些条件下,从溶液中“损失”的野生型IgG4抗体(如图2B方法1所观察到的)已参与野生型IgG4(但非野生型IgG1)抗体的GSH依赖性FAE,这导致抗-IL-6/抗-TNF双特异性抗体的形成(如图2C的方法2中所观察到的)。
耗尽血浆和血液的内源性IgG4抗体。
虽然PBS提供无抗体和缓冲的环境以监测Fab臂交换,但缺乏细胞和内源性因子意味着该体外缓冲液远远不是生理学相关的。更适合得多的监测FAE的生理介质是血液或血浆。然而,这些离体基质的不利方面是具有未知特异性的内源性IgG4野生型抗体的存在和丰度,所述内源性IgG4野生型抗体,由于其参与FAE的固有能力,可导致我们的目标双特异性抗体(即,抗IL-6/抗-TNF)形成的稀释。这将最终导致FAE的低估。因此,为了在生理相关条件下准确监测目标抗体的体外FAE,通过使用抗IgG4珠(Capture Select IgG4,BACNetherlands)耗尽内源性IgG4抗体的血液来建立新型的、不含IgG4的缓冲培养基,图3A。在离心血液后,收获顶部血浆层,并且进行两轮抗-IgG4珠以确保耗竭的IgG4耗尽。为了控制IgG4抗体对亲和基质的非特异性吸附,平行使用对照珠。通过非还原型SDS-PAGE和使用缀合有HRP的抗IgG4抗体的免疫印迹来分析所得样品(图3B,左上图)。为了验证和确认在该过程中只有IgG4抗体被分离,通过SDS-PAGE和使用抗-IgG 1、2和3的缀合有HRP的抗体的免疫印迹来另外分析样品(图3B,左下图)。合并含有IgG4抗体的级分,通过SDS-PAGE和考马斯染色来评估纯度(>99%)(图3B,右)。通过测量280nm处的吸光度,合并的抗IgG4洗脱物的总蛋白质含量被测定为600μg/ml。在与抗-IgG4珠温育后回收的未结合的材料产生“IgG-4耗尽的血浆”,并且在加入经洗涤的血液细胞后产生“IgG4耗尽的全血”(图3A)。随后将这两种生理相关的,缓冲的,不含IgG4的基质用于监测FAE。
IgG4耗尽的生理基质中的体外S228P抗-IL6IgG4的Fab臂交换。
为了确保生理相关抗体浓度被实验性地用于研究FAE,使用抗IgG4珠(参见上文)从全血浆中移除的600μg/ml内源性IgG4抗体被替换为等量的预先混合的抗-IL-6(野生型或S228P)IgG4抗体和抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体。为了确保使用临床相关量的抗体,将60μg/ml的抗-IL-6IgG4抗体(约等于3mg/kg IV剂量的Cmax,J.Jose个人通信)与540μg/ml(即9倍摩尔过量)的抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体混合。在GSH不存在或存在的情况下,将抗体在两种IgG4耗尽的基质中的任一种中在37℃下温育16小时,然后通过先前描述的基于MSD的方法分析FAE。
通过本发明的方法对反应混合物的分析证明了在GSH依赖性温育过程中在37℃下与抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体一起温育的野生型(但非S228P)抗-IL-6 IgG4抗体的MSD信号的显著损失(在IgG4耗尽的血液中为~66%以及在IgG4耗尽的血浆中为~63%)(图4A,方法1)。
通过使用与IL-6和TNF的组合(作为抗原)的温育的另一基于MSD的方法对这些相同样品的另外分析显示在先前证明信号损失的相同反应中MSD信号的特异性和显著增加(图4B)。综合起来,这些结果表明,在这些离体条件下,在GSH存在下,抗-IL-6野生型而非S228P IgG4抗体与抗-TNF野生型IgG4抗体进行FAE。
有趣的是,即使在补充的GSH不存在的情况下,野生型抗体变体(但非S228P突变体)也以显著且可检测的水平参与IgG4耗尽的全血中(但非IgG4耗尽的血浆中)的FAE(图4)。由于这两种基质之间的唯一区别是血细胞的存在,因此这些数据表明正是这些或其组分催化FAE反应。
体内S228P抗-IL6 IgG4的Fab臂交换。
到目前为止,已通过模拟生理和临床相关的体内条件研究了S228P抗-IL-6 IgG4参与体外FAE的倾向。然而,为了直接研究体内S228P抗-IL-6 IgG4的FAE,测定了从通过两个MSD测定(如材料和方法中详述的)进行的S228P抗-IL-6 IgG4临床试验的匿名人志愿者获得的血浆样品。设计第一MSD测定(总)以测量能够结合IL-6抗原的交换和非交换的单价S228P抗-IL-6 IgG4半分子,同时设计第二测定(完整)以仅测量非交换的单特异性二价S228P抗-IL6 IgG4分子。来自这两种方法的血浆浓度曲线的比较将指示体内S228P抗-IL-6IgG4的FAE的程度。然而,如可从图5看出的,通过所述两种方法对S228P抗-IL-6 IgG4的分析产生了所测试的两个临床受试者的重叠S228P抗-IL-6 IgG4血浆浓度曲线。这推断S228P抗-IL-6 IgG4不以任何显著水平参与体内Fab臂交换。
引用的参考文献
Aalberse,R.C.,et al.,Immunoglobulin G4:an odd antibody.Clin ExpAllergy,2009.39(4):p.469-77.
Angal,S.,et al.,A single amino acid substitution abolishes theheterogeneity of chimeric mouse/human(IgG4)antibody.Mol Immunol,1993.30(1):p.105-8.
C.Jacob,et al.Sulfur and selenium:the role of oxidation state inprotein structure and function.
Chem.,Int.Ed.,2003,42,4742-4758).
Kabat,E.A.,et al.,Sequences of Proteins of ImmunologicalInterest.Fifth edition ed 1991.
Peters,S.J.,et al.,Engineering an improved IgG4 molecule with reduceddisulfide bond heterogeneity and increased Fab domain thermal stability.JBiol Chem,2012.287(29):p.24525-33.
Shapiro,R.I.,et al.,Development and validation of immunoassays toquantify the half-antibody exchange of an IgG4 antibody,natalizumab(Tysabri(R))with endogenous IgG4.J Pharm Biomed Anal,2011.55(1):p.168-75.
van der Neut Kolfschoten,M.,et al.,Anti-inflammatory activity ofhuman IgG4 antibodies by dynamic Fab arm exchange.Science,2007.317(5844):p.1554-7.
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Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr
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Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys
65 70 75 80
His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro
85 90 95
Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys
100 105
Claims (15)
1.一种用于确定二价抗体样品是否包含任何具有可变区1(VR1)和可变区2(VR2)的双特异性抗体的体外方法,其包括:
a)添加特异性结合VR1的抗原,其中抗原的一半具有第一可检测标记物(M1),抗原的另一半具有第二可检测标记物(M2);和
b)确定所述样品是否包含M1和M2二者均特异性结合的抗体;
其中如果检测到M1和M2均结合的抗体,则所述样品包含双特异性抗体。
2.一种用于定量样品中具有可变区1(VR1)和可变区2(VR2)的双特异性二价抗体的量的体外方法,其包括:
a)提供参照样品,其中所述抗体是单特异性的,仅具有VR1;和测试样品,其中双特异性抗体的量是未知的;
b)向每个样品中添加特异性结合VR1的抗原,其中抗原的一半具有第一可检测标记物(M1),抗原的另一半具有第二可检测标记物(M2);和
c)测定每个样品中M1和M2二者均特异性结合的抗体的量,和
d)比较参照样品与测试样品中的M1或M2的量。
3.一种用于定量二价单特异性抗体(Ab1)的Fab臂交换的体外方法,其包括:
a)在使得能够发生Fab臂交换的条件下,用至少第二抗体温育所述抗体(Ab1);和
b)根据权利要求2的方法定量所得二价抗体的量。
4.前述任一权利要求的方法,其中待分析的二价抗体是IgG4。
5.前述任一权利要求的方法,其中通过使M1结合至基质并测量结合至所述抗体并被所述基质捕获的M2的量来进行M1和M2都结合的抗体的量的测定。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中M2是电化学发光标记物。
7.权利要求3的方法,其中在血浆中进行步骤a)。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中所述血浆被耗尽了内源性IgG4,并且其中已添加了所述抗体(Ab1)和第二抗体。
9.权利要求3的方法,其中在选自谷胱甘肽、巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇或三(2-羧乙基)膦及其组合的还原剂存在下进行步骤a)。
10.权利要求3至9的任一项的方法,其包括在步骤a)之后通过使巯基失活来防止Fab臂交换。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述失活通过加入烷化剂进行。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述烷化剂选自N-乙基马来酰亚胺、碘乙酰胺、碘乙酸及其组合。
13.权利要求3至12的任一项的方法,其还包括进行另一定量,包括:
a2)在使得能够发生Fab臂交换的条件下,用第二抗体(Ab2)温育所述抗体(Ab1);
b2)提供参照样品,其中所述抗体是单特异性的,仅具有VR1,以及由a2)产生的测试样品;
c2)添加抗原分子的混合物,其中50%是特异于Ab1并结合至M1的抗原1(Ag1),50%是特异于Ab2并结合至M2的抗原2(Ag2);和
d2)测定M1和M2二者均特异性结合的抗体的量。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中在c2)中M2信号相对于其参照样品的增加与权利要求5中测量的M2信号的损失相关。
15.权利要求3至13的任一项的方法,其中通过进行所述方法获得所述参照样品,其中在使得不能发生Fab臂交换的条件下进行步骤a)。
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EP14168317.7A EP2944962A1 (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | Method for determining antibody specificity |
EP14168317.7 | 2014-05-14 | ||
PCT/EP2015/060179 WO2015173135A1 (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2015-05-08 | Method for determining antibody specificity |
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CN106461680A true CN106461680A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
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US (1) | US20170153244A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2944962A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2017516103A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106461680A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112016025020A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2947791A1 (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO2015173135A1 (zh) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101903406A (zh) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-12-01 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | 二价双特异性抗体 |
CN103097410A (zh) * | 2010-08-20 | 2013-05-08 | Ucb医药有限公司 | 改善的IgG4类抗体 |
WO2013124450A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-29 | Ucb Pharma S.A. | Sequence symmetric modified igg4 bispecific antibodies |
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GB8720833D0 (en) | 1987-09-04 | 1987-10-14 | Celltech Ltd | Recombinant dna product |
FR2716640B1 (fr) | 1994-02-28 | 1996-05-03 | Procedes Machines Speciales | Dispositif de centrage et de blocage d'une pièce en vue de son rodage à l'aide d'un rodoir à expansion. |
GB9625640D0 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1997-01-29 | Celltech Therapeutics Ltd | Biological products |
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2014
- 2014-05-14 EP EP14168317.7A patent/EP2944962A1/en not_active Ceased
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2015
- 2015-05-08 RU RU2016148914A patent/RU2016148914A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-05-08 CN CN201580026347.6A patent/CN106461680A/zh active Pending
- 2015-05-08 WO PCT/EP2015/060179 patent/WO2015173135A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-05-08 CA CA2947791A patent/CA2947791A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-05-08 JP JP2016567597A patent/JP2017516103A/ja active Pending
- 2015-05-08 BR BR112016025020A patent/BR112016025020A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-05-08 EP EP15721006.3A patent/EP3146343A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-05-08 US US15/310,363 patent/US20170153244A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101903406A (zh) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-12-01 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | 二价双特异性抗体 |
CN103097410A (zh) * | 2010-08-20 | 2013-05-08 | Ucb医药有限公司 | 改善的IgG4类抗体 |
WO2013124450A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-29 | Ucb Pharma S.A. | Sequence symmetric modified igg4 bispecific antibodies |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3146343A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
WO2015173135A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
RU2016148914A (ru) | 2018-06-14 |
JP2017516103A (ja) | 2017-06-15 |
CA2947791A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
EP2944962A1 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
US20170153244A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
BR112016025020A2 (pt) | 2017-10-24 |
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