CN106459528B - 具有低声压水平的活化膜 - Google Patents

具有低声压水平的活化膜 Download PDF

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CN106459528B
CN106459528B CN201580034541.9A CN201580034541A CN106459528B CN 106459528 B CN106459528 B CN 106459528B CN 201580034541 A CN201580034541 A CN 201580034541A CN 106459528 B CN106459528 B CN 106459528B
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film
absorbent
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topsheet
sound pressure
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CN106459528A (zh
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C·马尔多纳多
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种膜,该膜包含约20重量%至约85重量%的聚烯烃组分和约20重量%至约45重量%的颗粒组分;其中该膜具有约5gsm至约25gsm的基重;其中该膜被激活并经受大于约20%的工程应变;其中该膜在2000Hz–6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上具有小于约43dB的预测声压水平。

Description

具有低声压水平的活化膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含聚烯烃组分和颗粒组分的膜。所述膜具有约5gsm至约25gsm的基重。所述膜被激活并经受大于约20%的工程应变。所述膜在2000Hz–6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上具有小于约43dB的预测声压水平。
背景技术
膜常被用作阻隔件。一些膜被工程化为液体不可透过且湿气不可透过的,诸如用作保护性包装的那些或用于吸收产品中的那些。其它膜被工程化为液体不可透过而湿气可透过的,诸如用于尿布或成人失禁产品中的那些。
在一些情况下,期望产品或包装不产生大量噪音。希望诸如女性护垫、失禁产品、棉塞之类的产品、以及它们的包装为离散的,因此优选的是,这些产品和包装产生尽可能最少量的噪音。其它产品如尿布和高级包装力图模拟布料的外观和感觉,因此,发出塑料声音的材料是不太理想的。
声音是振动物体推动其周围空气并产生高压和低压频带的结果。这些高压和低压频带是人耳感知为声音的纵波。每种声音可通过以分贝(dB)测量的被称为声压水平的量值和以赫兹(Hz)测量的频率进行描述。由于耳道的共振,人听觉系统对2,000至5,000Hz最敏感。物体由于某一量值和频率的输入力以及物体的质量、刚度和阻尼特征而振动。减小由包含膜的产品产生的噪音的一种方式是减小由膜所产生的噪音。这可通过减小膜的刚度、增加其质量或改变其阻尼特征来实现。
弹性膜的刚度使用该膜的杨氏模量E计算。杨氏模量是在感兴趣的应变下,应力-应变曲线的斜率。通常,膜是各向异性的,因此它们将根据拉伸测试方向而具有不同的杨氏模量。进行拉伸测试的速度也将影响所得的模量。应在与应用相对应的速度下进行测量。
振动薄聚烯烃膜体验的应变水平很小并且在大多数情况下低于膜的屈服点。因此,在计算杨氏模量时考虑的应变介于0.01和0.05之间。
生产膜的挤出和加工条件将影响膜上的结晶水平,其继而将影响所得模量和由膜产生的噪音。例如,在流延挤出工艺中,流延辊的温度、冷却辊温度和布置方式、熔体温度、退绕速度和退火辊温度将影响膜上的结晶水平,并且可能影响膜刚度和噪音。
聚合物结构可为5%至95%结晶的任何值。除了挤出加工条件之外,结晶度的水平还将取决于链结构的简单性、化学性质、侧向分支以及聚合物是全同立构、间同立构还是无规立构的。用于测量聚合物中结晶量的一些已知方法利用差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射,或者如果已知结晶相和非晶相的密度,则通过密度测量。聚合物结构结晶越多,杨氏模量和由所得膜产生的噪音越高。例如:具有更高含量的侧向分支更高的树脂的树脂共混物诸如低密度聚乙烯是优选的,因为它们典型的结晶度为45-55%。更少含量的具有链规则性的聚合物是优选的,诸如全同立构聚丙烯,其典型的结晶度为70%-80%。
热塑性膜的增量拉伸通常涉及使膜在槽纹辊或齿形辊之间通过。辊上的槽或齿相互啮合并在膜穿过辊之间时拉伸膜。增量拉伸可以横跨膜均匀间隔的许多小的增量拉伸膜。相互啮合齿啮合的深度可控制拉伸的程度。一种类型的增量拉伸被称为环轧制。
因此,本发明的一个目标是生产在2000Hz–6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上具有小于约43dB的预测声压水平的膜。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种包含约20重量%至约85重量%的聚烯烃组分和约20重量%至约45重量%的颗粒组分的膜。本发明的膜在活化之前具有约5gsm至约25gsm的基重。所述膜被活化并经受大于约20%的工程应变。本发明的膜在2000Hz–6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上具有小于约43dB的预测声压水平。任选地,膜可包含约1重量%至约30重量%的弹性体树脂。本发明的膜可被用于吸收制品和/或包装和/或包装纸中。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明制成的吸收制品的透视图。
图2为声音测量装置的示意图。
图3为声音测量装置的旋转机构的示意图。
具体实施方式
如本文所用,下列术语具有以下含义:
如本文所用,术语“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳身体流出物的装置,并且更具体地,是指紧贴或邻近穿着者的身体设置以吸收和容纳各种身体流出物的装置。吸收制品可包括尿布、短裤、训练裤、用于尿布或短裤的吸收插件、成人失禁内衣、女性卫生制品诸如卫生巾和卫生护垫、胸垫、护理垫、围兜、伤口敷料产品等。如本文所用,术语“体液”或“身体流出物”包括但不限于尿液、血液、阴道排出物、乳汁、汗液和粪便物。
如本文所用,术语“吸收芯”是指吸收制品的部件,其主要决定着包括采集、传送、分配和存储体液在内的制品流体处理性质。同样,吸收芯通常不包括吸收制品的顶片、底片或外覆盖件。
如本文所用,术语“粘结”是指不同材料在其至少一部分中被附接(内聚或粘合)。所附接部分可为随机的或者可具有诸如条纹、螺旋、小圆点等图案。所附接部分可位于周边、贯穿表面区域处,或两者均有。可使用本领域中已知的合适附接方法,包括但不限于粘合剂、热、压力、卷曲、超声、化学(经由氢键或其它内聚力)、机械(例如扣件、缠绕)、液压、真空以及它们的组合。
如本文所用,术语“尿布”是指一般被婴儿和失禁的人围绕下体穿着,以便环绕穿着者的腰部和腿部并且特别适于接收和容纳尿液和粪便的吸收制品。如本文所用,术语“尿布”也包括下文所定义的“短裤”。
如本文所用,术语“一次性”以其常规含义使用,是指经过不同的时间段在有限次使用后被处置或丢弃的制品,优选少于约20次,更优选少于约10次,甚至更优选少于约5次,并且最优选少于约2次。
如本文所用,术语“接合”涵盖其中通过将元件直接附连到另一元件而将元件直接固定到该另一元件的构型,以及其中通过将元件附连到中间构件、中间构件继而附连到另一元件,从而将元件间接固定到该另一元件的构型。
术语“纵向”是指从制品的一个腰部边缘到相对的腰部边缘延伸的方向,并且该方向大致平行于制品的最大线性尺寸。在纵向±45°范围内的方向被认为是“纵向”。
术语“侧向”是指从制品的一个侧边向相对侧边延伸并且大致与纵向成直角并与纵向在相同平面中的方向。在侧向±45°范围内的方向被认为是“侧向”。
如本文所用,术语“非织造材料”是指一种纤维网,其具有相互层叠但不以可辨认的重复方式形成基质的单独纤维的结构。非织造纤维网可通过本领域中技术人员已知的多种方法形成,例如,熔喷法、纺粘法、湿法成网法、气流成网法以及各种粘结-粗梳方法。
如本文所用,术语“短裤”或“训练裤”是指为婴儿或成人穿着者设计的具有腰部开口和腿部开口的一次性衣服。通过将穿着者的腿伸入腿部开口并将短裤拉到围绕穿着者下体的位置可将短裤置于穿着者身上的适当位置。短裤可通过任何合适的技术来预成形,包括但不限于使用可重复扣紧的和/或不可重复扣紧的粘结(例,缝合、焊接、粘合剂、内聚粘结、扣件等)将制品的各部分接合在一起。短裤可在沿制品圆周的任何位置预成形(例如,侧边扣紧的、前腰扣紧的)。尽管本文使用术语“短裤”,但短裤常常也被称作“闭合尿布”、“预扣紧尿布”、“套穿尿布”、“训练裤”和“尿布裤”。合适的短裤公开于以下专利中:1993年9月21日授予Hasse等人的美国专利5,246,433;1996年10月29日授予Buell等人的美国专利5,569,234;2000年9月19日授予Ashton的美国专利6,120,487;2000年9月19日授予Johnson等人的美国专利6,120,489;1990年7月10日授予Van Gompel等人的美国专利4,940,464;1992年3月3日授予Nomura等人的美国专利5,092,861;提交于2002年6月13日的名称为“HighlyFlexible And Low Deformation Fastening Device”的美国专利公布2003/0233082A1;1999年4月27日授予Kline等人的美国专利5,897,545;1999年9月28日授予Kline等人的美国专利5,957,908。
如本文所用,术语“区域”是指包括一种材料的区或区域,该材料可在物理上、化学上或视觉上区别于周围的或邻近的材料。材料的各个区域之间可包括过渡区域。这些区域可被定位在z方向上或xy平面中。如本文所用,术语“z方向”是指与结构或制品的长度和宽度正交的方向。z方向常常对应于结构或制品的厚度。如本文所用,术语“xy平面”是指当构件、芯或制品处于平展状态时,正交于所述构件、芯或制品的厚度的平面。xy平面常常分别对应于处于平展状态的结构或制品的长度和宽度。
本发明的膜可具有约5gsm至约25gsm、约15gsm至约25gsm、约13gsm至约15gsm、约12gsm至约14gsm、约11gsm至约13gsm、约8gsm至约12gsm、小于约25gsm、小于约20gsm、小于约15gsm、大于约5gsm、大于约8gsm、大于约10gsm的基重。在活化之前进行基重测量。
本发明的膜可包含约20重量%至约80重量%的聚烯烃组分。聚烯烃组分可选自线性低密度聚乙烯聚合物、低密度聚乙烯聚合物、高密度聚乙烯聚合物、聚丙烯聚合物、线性中密度聚乙烯聚合物、以及它们的混合物。朝向聚烯烃树脂生产工艺优化的发展可产生该组中提到的聚烯烃型式的变体,其也可适用于本申请。聚烯烃组分可具有约0.91g/cm3至约0.95g/cm3的密度。
聚烯烃组分可为可加工到膜中或用于通过熔融挤出直接层压到纤维网上的热塑性聚烯烃聚合物或共聚物的种类中的任一种。适于本发明的实践中的多种热塑性聚合物为基于烯烃的聚合物,包括最常见的基于乙烯或丙烯的聚合物,诸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、以及共聚物诸如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯(EMA)以及乙烯-丙烯酸(EAA)、或此类聚烯烃的共混物。
颗粒组分的含量可为膜的约20重量%至约50重量%;约35重量%至约45重量%;约30重量%至约40重量%;约25重量%至约35重量%;约25重量%至约40重量%;小于约50重量%;小于约45重量%;小于约40重量%;大于约20重量%;大于约25重量%;大于约30重量%。
颗粒组分可选自减摩颗粒和遮光剂颗粒。颗粒组分可选自CaCO3、TiO2、以及它们的组合。颗粒组分可具有约1.8g/cm3至约4.5g/cm3的密度。颗粒组分可具有为聚烯烃组分密度的至少约2倍的密度。可使用其它颗粒作为减摩颗粒、颜料、遮光剂或提供其它益处。一些示例为粘土、硅石、矾土、硫酸钡、碳酸钠、滑石、硫酸镁、沸石、硫酸铝、硅藻土、碳酸镁、碳酸钡、高岭土、云母、碳、氧化钙、氧化镁以及氢氧化铝。
可通过用合适的添加剂和孔形成填料配制热塑性聚合物,以提供用于压印和与非织造纤维网层合的挤出物或膜来实现所述膜。CaCO3为常见填料。聚烯烃、无机或有机孔形成填料和其它用以制备微孔片材料的添加剂的可形成微孔的组合物是已知的。该方法可在线进行并且在制造和/或材料中提供优于已知层合体制备方法的经济效益。此外,如上文所发展,可形成微孔的聚合物组合物可由聚合物的共混物获得,诸如烷酰基聚合物和聚乙烯醇的共混物,如美国专利5,200,247中所述。此外,可使用烷酰基聚合物、变性淀粉和乙烯共聚物的共混物作为可形成微孔的聚合物组合物,如美国专利5,407,979中所述。有了这些聚合物共混物,没有必要在增量拉伸时使用孔形成填料以提供微孔性。相反,当膜在环境温度或室温下被拉伸时,膜自身中的不同聚合物相产生微空隙。
本发明的膜可被活化并经受大于约15%、大于约20%的工程应变。膜可经受约20%至约70%的工程应变。可使用1.52mm节距模具将膜活化,使得模具的啮合深度为约0.508mm至约1.27mm。
本发明的膜可包含弹性体树脂。弹性体树脂的含量可为按膜的重量计约1重量%至约30重量%;约5重量%至约30重量%;约25重量%至约35重量%;约15重量%至约20重量%;约15重量%至约18重量%;约10重量%至约15重量%;约5重量%至约10重量%;小于约35重量%;小于约30重量%;小于约25重量%;小于约20重量%;大于约1重量%;大于约5重量%;大于约10重量%;大于约15重量%。弹性体树脂可选自基于丙烯的弹性体、丙烯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物树脂。一些示例为聚(乙烯-丁烯)、聚(乙烯-己烯)、聚(乙烯-辛烯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯)、聚(酯-醚)、聚(醚-酰胺)、聚(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯)、聚氨酯、聚(乙烯-丙烯-二烯)、乙烯-丙烯橡胶以及它们的混合物。弹性体树脂可具有约5%至约30%的结晶度或端嵌段含量。
可向配方加入热稳定剂、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防粘剂、润滑剂、防静电剂和增滑剂以及其它添加剂,以改善在暴露于紫外光、氧化剂、高温时膜的稳定性和/或辅助所得膜的生产或加工。此类添加剂的示例包括但不限于脂肪胺、酚和亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂添加剂。
适用于本发明的膜可为透气膜。透气膜为包含填料的聚合物膜,所述填料被拉伸以包含内部微孔。透气膜描述于美国专利4,472,328中。
本发明的膜可被用于包装膜中。另外,本发明的膜可被用于吸收制品或吸收制品的组件诸如底片、腰带、扣紧构件和耳片中。
图1描述本发明的吸收制品例如尿布20,其包括液体可透过的顶片10、至少部分地接合到顶片10的底片12、至少部分地设置在顶片10和底片12之间的吸收芯18、沿顶片10的纵向边缘22设置的第一箍16。在某些实施方案中,吸收制品可附加地包括一个或多个组件,所述组件选自外覆盖件、侧片、弹性部件、扣紧系统、以及它们的组合。
外覆盖件(其可包括底片)形成底座,尿布的其它组件被添加到所述底座上以形成尿布的一体结构。在另选的实施方案中,制造商可将制品预成形以生成短裤。如本文所用,术语“短裤”是指被设计用于婴儿或成人穿着者的具有腰部开口和腿部开口的一次性衣服。通过将穿着者的腿伸入腿部开口并将短裤拉到围绕穿着者下体的位置可将短裤置于穿着者身上的适当位置。短裤可通过任何合适的技术来预成形,包括但不限于使用可重复扣紧的和/或不可重复扣紧的粘结(例,缝合、焊接、粘合剂、内聚粘结、扣件等)将制品的各部分接合在一起。虽然本文使用术语“短裤”,但短裤常常也被称作“闭合尿布”、“预扣紧尿布”、“套穿尿布”、“训练裤”和“尿布裤”。合适的短裤公开于美国专利5,246,433、5,569,234、6,120,487、6,120,489、4,940,464、5,092,861、5,897,545、5,957,908、以及美国专利公布2003/0233082A1中。
本发明的吸收制品包括顶片10。顶片优选为感觉平顺、柔软的,并且不刺激穿着者的皮肤。其可在一个或两个方向上弹性拉伸。顶片具有至少一个纵向边缘22,并且在大多数情况下具有两个。另外,顶片为液体可透过的,允许液体(例如,月经、尿液和/或稀便)容易地穿透其厚度。合适的顶片可由大范围的材料制造,诸如织造和非织造材料;开孔或液压成形的热塑性膜;多孔泡沫;蜂窝状泡沫;蜂窝状热塑性膜和热塑性稀松布。合适的织造和非织造材料可由天然纤维如木纤维或棉纤维;合成纤维如聚酯、聚丙烯或聚乙烯纤维;或它们的组合组成。如果顶片包含纤维,则纤维可由纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺、或本领域中已知的其它方法加工。包括切短长度聚丙烯纤维的纤维网的一种合适的顶片由International Paper Company,Walpole,MA的一个分部Veratec,Inc.制造,名称为P-8。
可用于本发明中的优选顶片选自高蓬松非织造材料顶片和开孔膜顶片。开孔膜顶片通常为身体流出物可透过而不吸收的,并且允许流体流回并再润湿穿着者皮肤的趋势减弱。合适的开孔膜包括描述于美国专利5,628,097、5,916,661、6,545,197、6,107,539和PCT专利公布WO00/69382A2中的那些。
另外,用于将固体排泄物沉积在其上的合适顶片材料可包括具有开孔的非织造材料,这些孔至少处在与制品的粪便沉积区域对齐的部分中。合适的开孔非织造材料更详细地描述于美国专利6,414,215、5,342,338、和5,941,864以及美国专利公布2002/017376中。在粪便处理制品的另一个实施方案中,此类顶片可与粪便处理构件(例如位于此类顶片的下面)相组合,并且所述构件进一步描述于上述专利文件中。
合适的成形膜顶片描述于美国专利3,929,135;4,324,246;4,342,314;4,463,045;5,006,394中。其它合适的顶片可依照美国专利4,609,518和4,629,643制成。此类成型膜可以“DRI-WEAVE”购自Procter&Gamble Company,Cincinnati,Ohio和以“CLIFF-T”购自总部位于Richmond,VA的Tredegar Corporation。
优选地,为了使穿着者的皮肤与吸收芯中所容纳的液体相隔离,顶片的至少一部分由疏水材料制成或被处理为疏水的。如果顶片由疏水材料制成,则优选顶片的上表面的至少一部分被处理成亲水的,使得液体将更快地渗过顶片。通过用表面活性剂处理或通过将表面活性剂引入顶片中可使顶片亲水。用表面活性剂处理顶片的合适方法包括用表面活性剂喷射顶片材料和/或将材料浸渍到表面活性剂中。此类处理及亲水性的更详细讨论包含在美国专利4,988,344、4,988,345和4,950,254中。对用于将表面活性剂引入顶片24中的一些合适方法的更详细讨论可见于美国依法注册的发明H1670中。另选地,顶片可包括疏水的开孔纤维网或开孔膜。这可通过在生产工艺中去除亲水化处理步骤和/或向顶片施加疏水处理来实现,例如诸如SCOTCHGUARD的聚四氟乙烯化合物或疏水洗剂组合物,如下所述。在此类实施方案中,优选孔足够大以允许含水流体如尿液渗透而无显著阻力。
顶片的任何部分可涂覆有洗剂,如本领域中所已知。合适洗剂的示例包括描述于美国专利5,607,760、5,609,587、5,635,191、5,643,588、以及5,9680,25中的那些。洗剂可单独或与另一种试剂组合用作上述疏水化处理。顶片也可包括抗菌剂或用抗菌剂处理,其一些示例公开于PCT公布WO95/24173中。另外,顶片、外覆盖件或顶片或外覆盖件的任何部分均可经压花和/或表面打毛以提供更类似于布料的外观。
顶片可包括一个或多个孔以方便流出物例如尿液和/或粪便(固态的、半固态的或液态的)通过其渗透。至少主孔的尺寸对实现所期望的废物包裹性能是重要的。如果主孔太小,废物或许不能穿过该孔,这是由于废物源与孔的位置没有对齐或者由于粪便具有大于孔的直径。如果孔太大,可被“再润湿物”(来自制品)污染的皮肤面积增加。通常,孔应具有介于约10cm2和约50cm2之间的面积。孔优选具有介于约15cm2和35cm2之间的面积。
另外,顶片可被全部或部分弹性化或可被缩短以便在顶片和芯之间提供一个空隙空间。包括弹性化顶片或缩短顶片的示例性结构更详细地描述于美国专利4,892,536、4,990,147、5,037,416和5,269,775中。
吸收制品还包括沿顶片10的纵向边缘22设置的第一箍16。该第一箍16适用于提供对液体和其它身体流出物的改善的容纳性。第一箍16也可被称作外腿箍、腿围、侧翼、腿箍或弹性化箍。美国专利3,860,003描述了一次性尿布,其提供一个具有侧翼和一个或多个弹性构件的可收缩的腿部开口以提供弹性化腿箍。
第一箍16可以许多不同的构型构造,包括在以下专利中所描述的那些:美国专利3,860,003、4,636,207、4,695,278、4,704,115、4,795,454、4,900,317、4,909,803(重新公布为USRE34920)、5,085,654、5,492,751、6,476,288以及SIR H1630。
此外,本发明的吸收制品可包括一个或多个第二箍,其也提供对液体和其它身体流出物的改善的容纳性。第二箍也可被称作阻挡腿箍、内腿箍或“直立”弹性化侧翼。美国专利4,808,178和4,909,803(重新公布为USRE34920)描述了具有“直立”弹性化侧翼的一次性尿布,所述侧翼改善了腿区的容纳性。
第一箍和第二箍可通过双箍的方式均被提供,如美国专利4,695,278和4,795,454中所例示。可在本发明的制品中提供附加箍,如美国依法注册的发明H1630中所详述。
底片12可为或可不为流体(例如,月经、尿液、和/或稀便)不可透过的。因此,底片的一个实施方案由薄的塑料膜制造,虽然也可使用其它柔性的液体不可透过的或可透过的材料。如本文所用,术语“柔性的”是指平顺的并且将容易适形于人体的大致形状和轮廓的材料。底片12防止吸收芯中所吸收和容纳的流出物润湿接触吸收制品的制品,诸如床单、短裤、睡衣和内衣。因此,底片12可包括织造或非织造材料、聚合物膜诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑性膜和/或复合材料诸如膜包衣的非织造材料(即,具有内膜层和外非织造层)。合适的底片12为具有约0.012mm(0.5密耳)至约0.051mm(2.0密耳)厚度的聚乙烯膜。示例性聚乙烯膜由Clopay Corporation(Cincinnati,Ohio)以名称BR-120和BR-121制造,并且由Tredegar Film Products(Terre Haute,Ind.)以名称XP-39385制造。底片12优选经压花和/或打毛以提供更类似于布料的外观。另外,底片12在仍防止流出物穿过底片的同时允许蒸汽从吸收芯中逸出(即底片是透气的)。底片12的尺寸由吸收芯18的尺寸和所选的确切吸收制品的设计决定。
底片12和顶片10分别邻近吸收芯的面向衣服的表面和面向穿着者的表面定位。吸收芯18优选通过附接装置诸如本领域中熟知的那些以任何已知的方式与顶片10、底片12或它们两者接合。然而,本发明的实施方案所设想的是,其中整个吸收芯的部分未附接到顶片10和底片12中的一者或两者。
例如,底片12和/或顶片10可通过粘合剂的均匀连续层、粘合剂的图案化层、或粘合剂的一系列独立的线、螺旋或小圆点固定到吸收芯18或彼此固定。以名称HL-1258或H-2031由St.Paul,Minn.的H.B.Fuller Company制造的粘合剂已被发现为令人满意的。附接装置将优选包括粘合剂长丝的开放式图案网络,如美国专利4,573,986中所公开。长丝的开放式图案网络的一种示例性附接装置包括数行盘绕成螺旋图案的粘合剂长丝,诸如通过显示于美国专利3,911,173、4,785,996和4,842,666中的设备和方法所示出。另选地,附接装置可包括热粘结件、压力粘结件、超声粘结件、动态机械粘结件或任何其它合适的附接装置或本领域中已知的这些附接装置的组合。
底片12优选包括内层和外层,它们中的每一层可通过本领域中已知的多种方法粘结到另一层,包括热粘结、粘合剂粘结、超声层压等。也可使用粘合剂槽式涂敷、高频率摆动模式(例如盘绕或喷射模式)以及其它细旦和/或高覆盖率施用技术实现粘合剂粘结。可连续或间歇使用的合适层压粘合剂可获自Findley Adhesives,Inc.或获自National Starchand Chemical Company。
底片的外层(或外覆盖件)可使用不同的工艺以多种形式制成。例如,外层可形成为粗梳纤维网、粘结粗梳纤维网、纺粘纤维网、针刺织物、织造织物等以向穿着者提供大致布料状的纹理。其它添加剂诸如二氧化钛可占外层的约0.5%或更少,具体地约0.3%或更少。在一个具体实施方案中,外层包括由约99.5%至100%的聚丙烯树脂和约0.5%或更少的其它添加剂形成的纺粘纤维网。外层理想地为轻质材料,其具有约15gsm至约30gsm,并且更优选约15gsm至约25gsm的基重。
本发明的制品还包括一个或多个吸收芯18。吸收芯18至少部分地设置在顶片10和底片12之间,并且可采用与一次性吸收制品相容的任何尺寸或形状。已实现广泛认可和商业成功的可用作本发明的吸收芯的示例性吸收结构描述于美国专利4,610,678、4,673,402、和4,888,231、以及4,834,735中。吸收芯还可包括双芯系统,所述系统包含定位在吸收性存储芯上的化学硬化纤维的采集/分配芯,如美国专利5,234,423和5,147,345中所详述。
一般来讲,吸收芯18能够吸收和保持液体(例如,月经、尿液和/或其它身体流出物)。吸收芯18优选为可压缩的、适形的,并且对穿着者的皮肤无刺激性。吸收芯18可以各种尺寸和形状(例如,矩形、椭圆形、沙漏形、“T”形、狗骨形、非对称形等)制造。吸收芯18可包括常常用于吸收制品中的各种液体吸收材料中的任一种,诸如粉碎的木浆(其一般被称为透气毡)。用于吸收芯中的其它合适的吸收材料的示例包括绉纱纤维素填料、包括共成型的熔喷聚合物、化学硬化、改性或交联的纤维素纤维、合成纤维(如卷曲的聚酯纤维)、泥煤苔藓、薄纸(包括薄纸包装材料和薄纸层压材料)、吸收泡沫、吸收海绵、超吸收聚合物、吸收胶凝材料、或任何等同的材料或材料的组合或这些材料的混合物。
如本文所讨论,“吸收胶凝材料”和“超吸收聚合物”为当与含水流体诸如体液接触时,吸入此类流体并形成水凝胶的那些材料。这些吸收胶凝材料通常能够吸收大量含水体液,并且还能够在适度压力下保持此类被吸收的流体。这些吸收胶凝材料通常为离散的非纤维颗粒的形式。其它形式,诸如纤维、泡沫、薄片、条纹或其它宏观结构,也适用于本文。为开孔泡沫形式的合适吸收胶凝材料可包括公开于美国专利3,563,243、4,554,297、4,740,520和5,260,345中的那些。
吸收芯18的构型和构造也可被改变(例如,吸收芯可具有变化的厚度区和/或具有使得在中心处更厚的轮廓、亲水梯度、超吸收梯度、或更低的平均密度和更低的平均基重区(例如采集区),或者可包括一个或多个层或结构)。然而,吸收芯18的总吸收容量应与吸收制品的设计载荷和预期用途相适应。另外,吸收芯的尺寸和吸收能力可被改变以适应诸如尿布、失禁衬垫、卫生护垫、日用卫生巾和夜用卫生巾之类的不同用途以及适应从婴儿至成人范围的穿着者。吸收芯18可包括常用于吸收制品中的其它吸收组件,例如除尘层、芯吸或采集层、或用于增加穿着者舒适度的第二顶片。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,吸收制品也可包括设置在顶片10和底片12之间的次层。次层可为能够接收、储存或固定身体流出物的任何材料或结构。因此,次层可包括单一材料或可操作地彼此相关联的许多材料。另外,次层可与吸收制品的另一个元件成一整体,或者可为与制品的一个或多个元件直接或间接接合的一个或多个独立元件。此外,次层可包括与芯分开的结构,或者可包括至少一部分芯或可为至少一部分芯的一部分。
可用作次层的合适的材料可包括大开孔泡沫、大孔抗压缩非织造高蓬松织物、大尺寸颗粒形式的开孔和闭孔泡沫(大孔和/或微孔)、高蓬松非织造织物、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯泡沫或颗粒、包括大量竖直取向的环状纤维股线的结构、上述具有冲孔或凹陷部的吸收芯结构等。次层的一个实施方案包括机械扣紧环连接元件,其具有约1.5毫米的未压缩厚度,以XPL-7124购自3M Corporation,Minneapolis,Minnesota。另一个实施方案包括6旦、卷曲且树脂粘结的非织造高蓬松材料,具有110克每平方米的基重和7.9毫米的未压缩厚度,其购自Glit Company,Wrens,Georgia。其它合适的吸收次层和非吸收次层描述于美国专利6,680,422和5,941,864中。另外,次层或其任何部分可包括或涂覆有洗剂或其它已知的物质以增加、强化或改变该元件的性能或其它特性。
适用于本发明的吸收制品包括尿布、训练裤、失禁产品、尿布裤、一次性内衣等。合适的训练裤和尿布裤可具有缝合的侧部或可重复扣紧的侧部。本发明具体地适用于用于辅助入厕训练的训练裤或尿布裤。适用于本发明的具体尿布和训练裤公开于以下专利中:美国专利3,860,003、4,636,207、4,695,278、4,704,115、4,795,454、4,900,317、4,909,803(重新公布为USRE34920)、5,085,654、5,492,751、6,476,288、6,627,787、5,507,760、5,609,587、5,635,191、5,643,588、6,118,041、SIR H1630、5,246,433、5,769,838、5,899,895、5,899,896、以及6,120,487。讨论合适训练裤的附加专利公开于前文中。
本发明的制品还可包括提供改善的贴合性和密封性的弹性腰部部件和形成侧闭合的扣紧系统,侧闭合保持第一腰区和第二腰区处于交叠构型,使得绕着吸收制品的圆周保持侧向张力以将吸收制品保持在穿着者身上。吸收制品也可包括在腰区中的弹性化侧片(未示出),并且提供一个可弹性延展的部件,其提供吸收制品更舒适和符合轮廓的贴合性以及更有效的应用。在某些实施方案中,弹性化侧片被定位成使得前侧片和后侧片沿它们的纵向边缘彼此接合。沿侧片的纵向边缘的该接合可为永久性的或可重复扣紧的。对于永久性接合部,侧片可经由超声结合、高粘性粘合剂等彼此附着。对于可重复扣紧的接合部,侧片可经由钩-环扣紧件、温和的辅助粘合材料、低粘性粘合剂等接合。
本发明的膜可在2000Hz–6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上具有小于约43dB、小于约40dB的预测声压水平。使用由具有192mm宽×203mm深×198mm高的内部尺寸的盒(在图2中示出)构成的测试机构对膜进行测试。盒由能够保持旋转机构(在图3中示出)的重量并且承受测试期间所造成的力而不变形的刚性材料制成。一种此类合适的材料为具有12mm厚度的Lexan。盒在顶部表面401处具有开口,开口足够大,以允许将膜样本安装在测试支架411上并且允许触及旋转机构以按需调节。将盒安装在橡胶基脚412上,盒底部表面的每个角上各一个。盒410的底部用刚性材料封闭,以向盒提供稳定性。
具有13.1cm长×2.54cm深×4cm高尺寸的框用于旋转机构的支撑基部403处并且其附接至盒413的前表面。基部403由尼龙或其它类似材料制成。基部403支撑两个销503和506,两个尼龙滑轮501和507在所述销上自由旋转。尼龙滑轮的直径为7.5cm并且通过橡胶带502连接,其方式是当该机构被启动时两个滑轮以相同的速度旋转。在销506的相对端附接着轮子402,其被用于操作该机构。滑轮404和带405的侧视图在图2中示出,因为它们位于盒中。
安装支架505在附接点504处附接至两个滑轮。点504被安装在滑轮上,在滑轮501上距离销503的径向距离为25mm处并且在滑轮507上距离销506的径向距离为25mm处。附接至安装支架505的是夹具411。夹具411为至少100mm宽并且在夹具的顶部和底部处具有橡胶垫407以适当地固定测试样本。
与夹具411相同的第二夹具被安装在杆408上,其与第一夹具相对定位。杆408穿过盒414背部表面上的孔。该孔包含锁定机构409,锁定机构409在脱离接合时允许夹具411朝向盒414背部滑动以用于样本装载以及朝向安装至旋转机构的夹具滑动以用于样本测试。
每个夹具411具有附接至夹具顶部钳口的具有100mm长、32mm高以及1.5mm厚的尺寸的一片Lexan 406。具有100mm长、54mm高以及1.5mm厚的尺寸的第二片Lexan 415附接至夹具的底部钳口。用于将树脂玻璃附连至夹具的装置将根据所选的夹具设计而变化并且不旨在被指定。附接件必须能够承受测试期间诱发的应力。
当安装支架505上的夹具411被移动至其最高竖直位置时,它将与安装在杆408上的夹具411平行,但是处于10mm的竖直距离处。装载在该位置的测试样本将保持试样的两端彼此平行。
当机构被启动时,安装支架505上的第一夹具411将在圆形路径上以23mm的半径旋转,而杆408上的第二夹具411保持静止。
为了装载100mm×100mm的膜试样,将锁定机构409解锁以允许杆408移动,并且将第一和第二夹具411之间的距离设为67mm。将安装支架505上的第一夹具移动至其最高竖直位置并将膜试样夹住,其中一个边缘在第一夹具中并且相对边缘在第二夹具中。一旦将试样固定在夹具中,就将锁定机构409解锁,并且将安装在杆408上的第二夹具411滑动回来,并且将夹具之间的距离设为15mm。将锁定机构锁定,以防止第二夹具移动回去。
将盒401放置在听力测试箱内部,所述测试箱具有根据分类ASTM E413测试方法E596计算的等于或高于38的隔音等级(NIC)。将测声计的具有前置放大器的麦克风放置在测试箱中第二静止夹具411上方50mm处并在测试样本上方居中。执行测试的分析人员走进具有测声计的听力测试箱中并关闭箱门,之后设置测声计仪器以收集数据。分析人员以1转/秒的速率将测试机构(402)的轮子转动30秒,并且通过测声计记录在2000Hz和6300Hz之间的1/3倍频程频率范围下的声压水平。然后,分析人员停止测声计数据收集并走出听力测试箱。随后将来自测声计的数据下载至计算机用于分析。推荐选择符合以下标准的集成测声计:IEC 61672-1:2002,ANSI S1.4,ANSI S1.4。测声计必须具有频谱数据和1/3倍频程带频率分析的数据记录软件。
对本公开的膜的实施方案进行测试并与不具有低声压水平的膜进行比较。所生产的所有样本均以4000g的手工混合批次制成。以下树脂用于试验。
线性低密度聚乙烯树脂LLDPE LL3402.48流延己烷聚乙烯,具有热稳定剂添加剂,由ExxonMobil制造,具有0.942g/cm3的典型树脂密度和2.0g/10min的熔体指数,可获自测试方法ASTM D1238,可在190C/2.16Kg和128C的峰值熔融温度下进行测试,如制造商的技术数据表中所报道。
低密度聚乙烯树脂LD105.30为由ExxonMobil制造的具有1000ppm防粘剂含量和热稳定剂添加剂的均聚物树脂。典型的树脂密度为0.923g/cm3和2.0g/10min的熔体指数,可获自测试方法ASTM D1238,可在190C/2.16Kg和111C的峰值熔融温度下进行测试,如制造商的技术数据表中所报道。
烯属弹性体可为弹性体树脂。具有16%乙烯含量的Vistamaxx 6102丙烯基弹性体由ExxonMobil使用ExxonMobil Chemical的EXXPOL催化剂制造。典型的树脂密度为0.862g/cm3和1.5g/10min的熔体指数,如制造商的技术数据表中所报道。
氧化钛可为颗粒添加剂之一。氧化钛可由Ampacet以母料配混,其可以商品名11748白PE MB商购获得。母料中使用的载体树脂为线性低密度聚乙烯,其具有如制造商所报道的根据ASTM D1238 190C/2.16Kg为20的熔体指数和0.92g/cm3的密度。最终浓缩母料可包含70%氧化钛并且可针对根据ASTM D1238 190C/2.16Kg为13-23的熔体指数规格范围进行配混。
碳酸钙可为颗粒添加剂之一。碳酸钙可由Ampacet配混。可对可商购获得的母料进行测试,所述母料即具有0.8微米的CaCO3平均粒度的商品名1000175-N CaCO3 PE MB。母料中使用的载体树脂为线性低密度聚乙烯,其具有如制造商所报道的根据ASTM D1238 190C/2.16Kg为20的熔体指数和0.92g/cm3的密度。
实施例1-3可在配备有具有3个温度区域和25.4cm单层流延挤出模头的2.54cm直径单螺杆挤出机的Davis Standard小规模流延挤出生产线上生产。实施例1和2的螺杆速度可设为60RPM,并且实施例3的螺杆速度可设为45RPM。挤出生产线处的温度可保持在低于以下设定点处。可将牵引辊冷却至约18℃并且所使用的辊可为光滑辊。
区域 实施例1和2的温度设定点(℃) 实施例3的温度设定点(℃)
1 190 200
2 200 230
3 210 230
夹具 220 230
软管 225 230
模头 230 230
Figure BDA0001191714500000161
可对上述实施例进行测试,以测定在2000Hz–6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上的预测声压水平。
使用下式计算在一批4000克的树脂混合物中包含的颗粒重量百分比:
颗粒重量百分比=[(母料1的克数×母料1上的颗粒含量百分比)+(母料2的克数×母料2上的颗粒含量百分比)]/4000克
使用下式计算在一批4000克的树脂混合物中包含的聚烯烃重量百分比:
聚烯烃重量百分比=(树脂1的克数+树脂2的克数)/4000克
通过使膜实施例经过相互啮合辊之间来将所述膜实施例增量拉伸,所述相互啮合辊在膜经过辊之间时拉伸膜。相互啮合辊具有齿,所述齿具有1.52mm的间距。该间距被称为模具的节距。顶部和底部相互啮合辊之间的啮合深度可测量为从顶部辊上的齿的顶部至其旁边的底部辊上的齿的顶部的竖直距离。将辊安装在框架上并通过齿轮连接,以此方式使得顶部和底部辊两者以相同速度旋转。将多片膜手动进料到辊之间,手动转动辊以将膜增量拉伸。
Figure BDA0001191714500000171
随着增加啮合深度,膜被增量拉伸并且变薄,从而产生更薄的膜带。利用该工艺,膜的杨氏模量在膜被增量拉伸的方向上减小并且因此由膜所产生的噪音减小。
各种模具节距以及顶部和底部相互啮合辊之间的啮合深度可通过在拉伸区域中施加相同的工程应变而提供相同的增量拉伸。工程应变是膜局部经受的变形的量和被增量拉伸区域的初始宽度之间的比率。
1.52mm节距模具啮合深度(mm) 所计算的工程应变
0.508 20%
0.635 30%
0.762 41%
0.889 54%
1.016 67%
所计算的工程应变使用下式计算:
所计算的工程应变=[拉伸长度-(模具节距/2)]/(模具节距/2);
其中拉伸长度=平方根[(模具节距/2)^2+(啮合深度)^2]。
实际应变可能更高,因为已知齿的几何形状和相互啮合辊的制造材料和工艺可能影响所经受的最终应变。
如以上数据中所证实,膜包含:约20重量%至约85重量%的聚烯烃组分和约20重量%至约45重量%的颗粒组分;膜具有约5gsm至约25gsm的基重;其中膜被活化并经受大于约20%的工程应变;得到在2000Hz–6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上具有小于约43dB的预测声压水平的膜。
为了进行比较,对一些当前市售膜的声压水平进行测试,并且所测试的那些膜在2000Hz–6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上不具有小于约43dB的预测声压水平。用于生产由Procter and Gamble制造的生产于2012年3月的LUVS尿布的膜具有47.9dB的平均声压水平;用于生产由Procter and Gamble在2014年2月制造的Pampers Baby Dry尿布的膜具有46.2dB的平均声压水平;用于生产用于由Procter and Gamble制造的生产于2012年3月的卫生巾的包装纸的膜具有46.5dB的平均声压水平;来自生产批号923212302的GOON高级2号尿布的膜具有45.3dB的平均声压水平。通过用溶剂溶解将膜胶粘至芯和非织造物软覆盖件的粘合剂来将膜从尿布上移除。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个此类量纲旨在表示所引用的值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
在具体实施方式中引用的所有文件都在相关部分中以引用方式并入本文。对于任何文件的引用不应被解释为承认其是有关本发明的现有技术。当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文件中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域中技术人员将显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明实质和范围的情况下可作出各种其它改变和修改。因此,所附权利要求中旨在涵盖本发明范围内的所有此类改变和修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种膜,包含:
a. 20重量%至85重量%的聚烯烃组分;和
b. 25重量%至35重量%的颗粒组分;
其中所述膜在活化之前具有5gsm至25gsm的基重;
其中所述膜被活化并经受大于20%的工程应变;
其中所述膜在2000Hz – 6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上具有小于40dB的预测声压水平,
其中所述聚烯烃组分具有0.91g/cm3至0.95g/cm3的密度,
其中所述颗粒组分为粘土、硅石、矾土、硫酸钡、碳酸钠、滑石、硫酸镁、沸石、硫酸铝、硅藻土、碳酸镁、碳酸钡、高岭土、云母、碳、氧化钙、氧化镁、氢氧化铝或其组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的膜,还包含1重量%至30重量%的弹性体树脂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的膜,其中所述弹性体树脂选自基于丙烯的弹性体以及苯乙烯嵌段共聚物树脂。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的膜,其中所述膜用1.52mm节距模具激活,使得所述模具的啮合深度为0.508mm至1.27mm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的膜,其中所述膜经受20%至70%的工程应变。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的膜,其中所述膜被结合在吸收制品中,所述吸收制品选自尿布、短裤、用于尿布或短裤的吸收插件、卫生巾、以及卫生护垫;和/或所述膜被结合在包装或包装纸中。
7.根据权利要求2所述的膜,其中所述弹性体树脂选自丙烯-乙烯共聚物。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的膜,其中所述膜被结合在吸收制品的组件中,所述组件选自底片、腰带、扣紧构件、以及耳片。
9.一种膜,包含:
a. 20重量%至85重量%的聚烯烃组分;和
b. 25重量%至35重量%的颗粒组分;
其中所述膜在活化之前具有5gsm至25gsm的基重;
其中所述膜被活化并经受大于20%的工程应变;
其中所述膜在2000Hz – 6300Hz的频率倍频程范围上具有小于40dB的预测声压水平,
其中所述聚烯烃组分具有0.91g/cm3至0.95g/cm3的密度,
其中所述颗粒组分选自遮光剂颗粒。
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