CN106458804A - 串联甲醇反应器 - Google Patents

串联甲醇反应器 Download PDF

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CN106458804A
CN106458804A CN201580033172.1A CN201580033172A CN106458804A CN 106458804 A CN106458804 A CN 106458804A CN 201580033172 A CN201580033172 A CN 201580033172A CN 106458804 A CN106458804 A CN 106458804A
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M·S·梅哈布比扬
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Topsoe AS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种方法,其包括以下步骤:提供具有系数M的合成气流到甲醇回路;在所述甲醇回路中,使合成气通过第一甲醇反应器;从第一甲醇反应器获得第一流出物;冷却第一流出物并冷凝至少部分所产生的甲醇;将第一冷却的流出物分离成至少第一粗甲醇流和第一未反应流;加热第一未反应流;使第一加热的未反应流通过第二甲醇反应器;从第二甲醇反应器获得第二流出物;将第二流出物分离成至少第二粗甲醇流和第二未反应流;并且将第二未反应的流再循环至合成气流。

Description

串联甲醇反应器
本申请涉及甲醇生产。
长期以来,对于本领域技术人员而言,通过催化转化含有氢和碳氧化物的合成气来生产甲醇的方法是已知的。
具有天然气进料的甲醇生产设备可以分为三个主要部分。在该设备的第一部分中,天然气被转化为合成气。合成气在第二部分中反应生成甲醇,甲醇在该设备的尾端被纯化至所期望的纯度。在标准甲醇合成回路中,使用反应器例如沸水反应器(BWR)将来自重整器/气化器单元的合成气和再循环气体(即未转化的合成气)转化为甲醇。
关于甲醇工艺,通常可以说,甲醇合成气的特征在于通常称为系数M的化学计量比(H2–CO2)/(CO+CO2)。2的系数M定义了用于形成甲醇的化学计量合成气。合成气的其他重要性质是CO与CO2的比率和惰性物质的浓度。当引入甲醇回路时,合成气通常被称为补充气体。高的CO/CO2比率将提高反应速率和可实现的每次转化。此外,水的形成将减弱,降低催化剂失活速率。惰性物质的高浓度将降低活性反应物的分压。甲醇合成中的惰性物质通常为甲烷、氩气和氮气。
(-ΔH 298K,50巴=40.9kJ/mol)(1)
(-ΔH 298K,50巴=90.7kJ/mol)(2)
(-ΔH 298K,50巴=49.8kJ/mol)(3)
甲醇合成是放热的,并且通常可在低温和高压下获得最大转化。
利用规模经济的优势,甲醇设备的产能日益提高,以减少投资。世界规模的设备产能已经从十年前的2500MTPD增加至今天的大约5000MTPD。认为甚至更大的高至10,000MTPD或更高的设备进一步地改善经济性并提供用于甲醇至烯烃(MTO)工艺的原料。这不断增加对于新建设备的需求,并且对于现有设备优化和改造的需求持续受到关注。
因此,需要新的方法和设备来提高新的和现有设备的产能和效率。
在本发明方法和设备的第一方面中,提供了一种增加每次CO和CO2的转化的方法,并且以这种方法提高了碳效率和/或合成回路再循环气体流速,从而改善了能量效率并减小了再循环气体压缩机的尺寸。
在本发明方法和设备的第二方面,提供了提高现有甲醇设备的产能的方法。
这些和其他优点通过包括以下步骤的方法来实现:
-提供具有系数M的合成气流到甲醇回路;
-在甲醇回路中,使合成气通过第一甲醇反应器;
-从第一甲醇反应器获得第一流出物;
-冷却第一流出物并冷凝至少部分所产生的甲醇;
-将第一冷却的流出物分离成至少第一粗甲醇流和第一未反应流;
-加热第一未反应流;
-使第一加热的未反应流通过第二甲醇反应器;
-从第二甲醇反应器获得第二流出物;
-冷却第二流出物并冷凝至少部分所生产的甲醇;
-将冷却的第二流出物分离成至少第二粗甲醇流和第二未反应流;和
-将第二未反应流再循环至合成气流。
因此,通过本发明的方法,可以通过在回路中的第一甲醇分离器的下游安装一个或多个其他甲醇反应器来改善合成回路中的每次转化率。
由于甲醇合成受限于平衡,在除去来自甲醇反应的产物,且在有可能获得未反应气体的进一步反应的情况下,在分离器之后安装反应器,使能够进行进一步的转化而不增加对于第二(和随后的)反应器的苛刻度(severity)。
本发明的方法可通过一个或多个分离器/甲醇反应器组来进一步扩展。例如,可具有一系列的第一反应器-第一分离器-第二反应器-第二分离器-第三反应器-第三分离器等。在多于两个甲醇反应器的情况下,优选使导致与合成气混合的再循环在最后的分离器中发生。
第一和第二甲醇反应器可以是相同或不同类型。例如。第一反应器和/或第二反应器可以是沸水反应器(BWR)、绝热反应器和/或骤冷反应器。
如果第一和第二类型是相同的BWR反应器形式,则可能有利的是,两个反应器可以相同方式制造,以便于反应器的制造。
第一和第二反应器可以是不同类型。例如,如果第一甲醇反应器是沸水反应器,则大部分转化在该反应器中进行;第二甲醇反应器可以是更简单的类型,例如具有相对更小催化剂体积的简单绝热反应器。
在一个或多个甲醇反应器中的催化剂可以例如是已知的甲醇催化剂,例如基于氧化铝的催化剂。实例是6x 4mm的Cu/Zn/Al2O3催化剂(例如MK-121或MK-151FenceTM)。
第一反应器和/或第二反应器可以在相同或不同的入口温度下操作,以优化各反应器中的转化和/或催化剂的效率。
例如,第一和/或第二反应器可以在150-310℃,优选190-280℃的温度和/或50-150kg/cm2g,优选70-90kg/cm2g的压力下操作。
取决于例如反应器的类型,第一反应器和/或第二反应器可以用相同或不同的催化剂进行操作。如果第二反应器是绝热反应器,则可以使用不同类型的比第一反应器中所使用的更加热稳定的催化剂。
可优选从最终的再循环流进行吹扫,以避免惰性物质在回路中的积聚。
可在一个或多个未反应的流,例如第一和/或第二未反应流(再循环)中设置至少一个压缩机。在甲醇回路包括第三、第四等甲醇反应器/分离器组的情况下,压缩机可可选地设置/压缩机也被设置在来自这些反应器/分离器的一个或多个未反应流中。
因此,通过本发明的方法和设备,可以提高每次CO和CO2的转化率,并且以这种方式提高碳效率和/或合成回路再循环气体流速,从而改善能量效率并减小再循环气体压缩机的尺寸。
本发明的方法可用于新的甲醇生产设备中,并且还可用于改造包括至少一个甲醇回路的现有设备,以增加这种设备的产能。
在一些设置中,本发明的方法和设备尤其可用于改造项目中。在现有甲醇设备的许多改造中,采取了措施来改善至甲醇反应器的合成气系数,从而增加再循环气体的摩尔重量。使用现有的压缩机,通常的离心压缩机为相同体积流量和压缩机速度提供恒定压头。这意味着当分子量增加时,压差实际上将增加。在这种情况下,本发明的方法可以比例如其中并联布置反应器的方法更有利地应用,这归因于本发明系统中的反应器上的压降升高(对比并联反应器中的流速升高)。
在改造中,本发明的方法和设备布置被应用于一个或多个现有的甲醇回路,从而实现具有增加产能的优化设备。
可通过单独使用本发明的方法或者使其与其他改造措施相组合来获得产能上的提高。
本发明的方法可在包括一个或多个甲醇回路的设备中进行,其中至少一个甲醇回路被设置为具有一个或多个串联连接的甲醇,其具有附属的分离器,以将冷却的反应器流出物分离成未反应的气体和原料甲醇。该设备还可包括用于使合成气进入回路的压缩机和设置在一个或多个未反应的流中的一个或多个压缩机。此外,设备可包括在每个反应器之前的用于加热流的装置以及用于在进入后续分离器之前冷凝来自每个反应器的流出物的冷却器和冷凝器。可以有利地将来自每个分离器的各自的粗甲醇流收集到收集的粗甲醇流中。
图1显示了本发明的方法和甲醇回路1的示意图。将再循环气体2和补充气体3混合到混合物流4中。将由补充气体(合成气体)和再循环物组成的混合物流在E1中加热并引入至第一甲醇反应器R1,其中气体经由Cu/Zn/Al2O3催化剂(例如MK-121或MK-151FenceTM)转化。来自第一反应器的流出物5在E1/E2中冷却,并且大部分所产生的甲醇在气体/液体分离器V1中被冷凝和分离。气相(第一未反应流)6在E3中被再加热并引入至第二甲醇反应器R2,在那里气体经由催化剂如6×4mm的Cu/Zn/Al2O3催化剂(例如MK-121或MK-151FenceTM)转化。来自第二反应器气体的流出物7在E3/E4中冷却,并且冷凝的甲醇在气/液分离器V2中分离。来自第二分离器的气体返回到再循环压缩机8并被压缩和再循环到混合点9。来自第一和第二分离器的冷凝甲醇10和11被引导以被储存和/或进一步处理。
实施例:与现有技术的比较
本发明的方法与包括WO2011101081的现有技术进行比较,
实施例1:根据本发明的方法和设备的构造,即在反应器之间具有甲醇的冷凝和分离;
实施例2:根据现有技术的构造,即在反应器之间没有分离;
实施例3:根据现有技术的构造,即在反应器之间没有分离,并且针对催化剂而具有较高的苛刻度(较低的入口温度)。
对于所有情况,使用至第一反应器的以下进料气体。
在下表中给出了CO/CO2至甲醇的转化率。可以看出,实施例1的转化率更高。在实施例3中,通过更高的催化剂体积(或者通过具有更高活性的催化剂)获得了比实施例2更高的转化率。然而,未实现与实施例1一样高的转化率。

Claims (11)

1.一种方法,其包括以下步骤:
-提供具有系数M的合成气流到甲醇回路;
-在所述甲醇回路中,使合成气通过第一甲醇反应器;
-从所述第一甲醇反应器获得第一流出物;
-冷却所述第一流出物并冷凝至少部分所产生的甲醇;
-将第一冷却的流出物分离成至少第一粗甲醇流和第一未反应流;
-加热所述第一未反应流;
-使第一加热的未反应流通过第二甲醇反应器;
-从所述第二甲醇反应器获得第二流出物,冷却和冷凝所述第二流出物;
-将冷却的第二流出物分离成至少第二粗甲醇流和第二未反应流;
-将所述第二未反应流再循环至所述合成气流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中应用甲醇反应器中的转化和甲醇分离的附加步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一反应器和/或第二反应器是沸水反应器(BWR)、绝热反应器和/或骤冷反应器。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一反应器和/或第二反应器在相同的入口温度下进行操作。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一反应器和/或第二反应器在不同的入口温度下进行操作。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一反应器和/或第二反应器在相同或不同的催化剂下进行操作。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法用作改造的一部分。
8.一种包括一个或多个甲醇回路的设备,所述甲醇回路包括至少第一和第二串联连接的甲醇反应器,其中第一分离器设置在第一甲醇反应器的下游和第二甲醇反应器的上游,并且第二分离器设置在所述第二反应器的下游。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其包括一个或多个压缩机、流冷却装置和流加热装置。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的设备,其被设置为执行权利要求1至7中任一项所述的步骤。
11.一种用于优化现有甲醇回路的方法,所述方法包括引入权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法和设备的步骤。
CN201580033172.1A 2014-06-20 2015-06-18 串联甲醇反应器 Pending CN106458804A (zh)

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