CN106458094A - 电子镜装置 - Google Patents

电子镜装置 Download PDF

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CN106458094A
CN106458094A CN201580029467.1A CN201580029467A CN106458094A CN 106458094 A CN106458094 A CN 106458094A CN 201580029467 A CN201580029467 A CN 201580029467A CN 106458094 A CN106458094 A CN 106458094A
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liquid crystal
image
crystal layer
mirror device
type liquid
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大石利治
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/12—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60R2300/00—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle
    • B60R2300/80—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle characterised by the intended use of the viewing arrangement
    • B60R2300/8066—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle characterised by the intended use of the viewing arrangement for monitoring rearward traffic
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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Abstract

一种电子镜装置，显示搭载于车辆的摄像机拍摄到的图像，并具备：具有显示面的液晶显示屏、相位差板、胆留醇型液晶层。相位差板相对于液晶显示屏与显示面相对配置，使从液晶显示屏射出的液晶图像进行圆偏振。胆留醇型液晶层相对于相位差板配置于液晶显示屏的相反侧。通过相位差板进行了圆偏振的液晶图像透过胆留醇型液晶层。

Description

电子镜装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种向驾驶员提示搭载于车辆上的摄像机所拍摄到的图像的电子镜装置。
背景技术
作为现有电子镜装置，公知的有在图像显示部的前面设置有半反射镜的电子镜装置。电子镜装置例如在如下的状况下有用。若后方的视野被后座用显示器等遮挡时，驾驶员通过半反射镜进行后方监视就变得困难。这时，在图像显示部显示搭载在车辆上的摄像机所拍摄到的图像。于是，驾驶员通过经由半反射镜观察在图像显示部显示的图像，就能够进行后方监视(例如参照专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：(日本)特开平11－291817号公报
发明内容
本发明提供一种电子镜装置，其防止因半反射镜导致的图像显示部的可见性的降低。
本发明的一方面的电子镜装置显示搭载于车辆的摄像机所拍摄到的图像。该电子镜装置具备：具有显示面的液晶显示屏、相位差板、胆留醇(cholesteric)型液晶层。相位差板相对于液晶显示屏，与显示面相对配置，使从液晶显示屏射出的液晶图像(liquidcrystal image)进行圆偏振。胆留醇型液晶层相对于相位差板配置于液晶显示屏的相反侧。通过相位差板进行了圆偏振的液晶图像透过胆留醇型液晶层。
根据该构成，胆留醇型液晶不反射通过相位差板进行了圆偏振的液晶图像而是使其透过。因此，能够防止因图像光的亮度降低导致的液晶显示屏的可见性的降低。另外，在胆留醇型液晶层不会产生图像的反射像，还可防止图像的重影导致的可见性的降低。另一方面，胆留醇型液晶层反射与透过的圆偏振光反向的圆偏振光，因此，对于外光也作为反射镜发挥作用。因此，能够提供一种防止现有的半反射镜导致的图像显示部的可见性的降低的电子镜装置。
附图说明
图1是表示搭载有本发明实施方式的电子镜装置的汽车的车厢内的正面图；
图2是图1所示的汽车的平面图；
图3是表示图2所示的汽车的内部的概略侧面透视图；
图4是本发明实施方式的电子镜装置的显示器的正面图；
图5是图4所示的显示器的剖面图；
图6是说明本发明实施方式的电子镜装置的液晶图像的图；
图7是说明本发明实施方式的电子镜装置的外光的图；
图8是本发明实施方式的电子镜装置的控制块图；
图9A是表示本发明实施方式的电子镜装置的显示部的变形例的图；
图9B是表示本发明实施方式的电子镜装置的显示部的变形例的图。
具体实施方式
在进行本发明的实施方式的说明之前，首先简单地说明现有电子镜装置的问题点。经由半反射镜观察图像显示部的图像的情况下，在半反射镜的图像显示部侧产生图像显示部所显示的图像的反射像。在从正面经由半反射镜观察图像显示部所显示的图像的情况下，不会产生该反射像对可见性的影响。
但是，图像显示部被设置于车厢内的后视镜的安装位置。驾驶员不是从正面而是从一定的角度经由半反射镜观察图像显示部所显示的图像。该情况下，由于在半反射镜的图像显示部侧产生的图像的反射像而产生图像的重影，电子镜装置的可见性下降。
另外，在经由半反射镜观察图像显示部的图像的电子镜装置中，由于使图像从半反射镜中通过，所以，图像光的亮度降低，且可见性降低。
下面，作为车辆以汽车为例，参照附图说明车辆上搭载有本发明一实施方式的电子镜装置的例子。
如图1～图3所示，在汽车1，在车厢2内的驾驶席3和副驾驶席4之间的前方部分，在后视镜的安装位置安装有构成电子镜装置的显示器5，且显示器5相对于安装部6可动并调节自如。
如图4所示，显示器5可以将显示部500的显示切换到作为图像显示部的液晶显示屏的图像的显示和作为反射镜的半反射镜的显示。该切换通过操作部523的操作来进行。
如图5所示，显示器5具有：在驾驶席侧具有开口部的主体壳5A、在以液晶显示面成为驾驶席侧的方式被收纳在该主体壳5A内的液晶显示屏501、设于液晶显示屏501的驾驶席侧的1/4相位差板(以下，相位差版)502、设于相位差板502的驾驶席侧的带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503、将液晶显示屏接通(ON)、断开(OFF)的操作部523。
设于液晶显示屏501的驾驶席侧的相位差板502，以将从液晶显示屏射出的液晶图像进行圆偏振的方式进行配置。另外，设于相位差板502的驾驶席侧的带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503，以使通过相位差板502进行了圆偏振的液晶图像透过的方式构成。另外，在本实施方式中，使用带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜，但也可以代替该薄膜而在板状的部件上形成胆留醇型液晶层。
即，本实施方式的电子镜装置具备：具有显示面501A的液晶显示屏501、相位差板502、胆留醇型液晶层。相位差板502相对于液晶显示屏501与显示面501A相对配置，将从液晶显示屏501射出的液晶图像进行圆偏振。胆留醇型液晶层相对于相位差板502配置于液晶显示屏501的相反侧。通过相位差板502进行了圆偏振的液晶图像透过胆留醇型液晶层。
具体而言，如图6所示配置液晶显示屏501、相位差板502、带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503。在图6中，附图的右侧为驾驶席侧。
即，相位差板502相对于液晶显示屏501的图像显示面的吸收轴510，以相位差板502的滞相轴511向左倾斜45度的方式而配置。即，从驾驶席侧观察，滞相轴511相对于吸收轴510逆时针转45度而倾斜。
在上述的构成中，在电子镜装置作为液晶显示屏发挥作用的情况下，从液晶显示屏501射出直线偏振的液晶图像512。从液晶显示屏501射出的直线偏振的液晶图像512，通过如上所述配置的相位差板502转换为右旋圆偏振的液晶图像513。
胆留醇型液晶层具有将非偏振的光分离成右旋圆偏振光和左旋圆偏振光，并使一方透过、使另一方反射的性质。在图6中，带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503以透过右旋圆偏振光的方式构成。
因此，通过相位差板502进行了右旋圆偏振的液晶图像513，透过带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503，观察显示器5的人可见透过光即右旋圆偏振的液晶图像513。
在以从右旋圆偏振方向透过的方式构成的带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503中，右旋圆偏振的液晶图像不被反射，几乎全部被透过。
因此，在带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503中，不会引起现有电子镜装置的半反射镜导致的液晶图像光的亮度的降低，另外，也不会产生半反射镜中的反射图像的重影。
接着，对显示部500相对于外光的反应进行说明。如图7所示，入射到带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503的非偏振的外光514，通过带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503被分离为右旋圆偏振光和左旋圆偏振光。只有被分离的右旋圆偏振光515透过带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503，一部分被相位差板502反射，另一部分被直线偏振并由液晶显示屏501吸收。
分离的左旋圆偏振光516被反射，利用该被反射的左旋圆偏振光516，带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503作为反射镜发挥作用。即，在带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503，照射出左旋圆偏振的反射镜图像。这时，相位差板502的右旋圆偏振光515的反射光成为左旋圆偏振光517，被只透过右旋圆偏振光的带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503反射，因此，不会到达驾驶员侧。由此，不会产生因1/4相位差板的反射像带来的重影。
液晶显示屏501显示搭载于汽车1的摄像机7所拍摄的汽车1的后方图像。如图8所示，摄像机7、液晶显示屏501与控制部521连接，控制部521与储存有动作程序的存储部522和用于操作电源开关(未图示)等的操作部523连接。
在图8中，液晶显示屏501、控制部521、存储部522、操作部523是本实施方式的电子镜装置5000的构成要素。
如以上所述，本实施方式的电子镜装置5000具有将从液晶显示屏501射出的液晶图像进行圆偏振的相位差板502、通过相位差板502进行了圆偏振的液晶图像透过的带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503，由此，能够提供防止了现有半反射镜导致的图像光的亮度降低和重影导致的可见性的降低的电子镜装置。
另外，通过将直线偏振的液晶图像进行圆偏振，也能够消除使用偏振太阳镜的情况下产生的因观察液晶显示屏的角度的变化而产生的图像的亮度变化。
另外，在本实施方式中，以使液晶图像成为右旋圆偏振的方式配置1/4相位差板，但可知，以成为左旋圆偏振光的方式配置1/4相位差板，且将左旋圆偏振光透过的带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜配置于1/4相位差板的驾驶员侧，也可以获得同样的效果。
另外，在本实施方式中，带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜的反射率设为固定值(例如50％)。于是，为了调节反射率，也可以如图9A、图9B所示，设定为将反射光量调节用滤光器504、例如透过率高的半反射镜或ND(Neutral Density)滤光器配置在带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503的驾驶席侧的构成。即，反射光量调节用滤光器504相对于带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503，配置于相位差板502的相反侧。
另外，反射光量调节用滤光器504相对于带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503也可以配置于1/4相位差板侧。另外，在本实施方式中，将显示器5安装在车厢内的后视镜的安装位置，但也可以将显示器5安装在车厢外的侧反射镜的安装位置。即，安装显示器5的位置没有特别限定，只要是用于确认车辆的后方的反射镜的安装位置即可。
如上所述，本实施方式的电子镜装置与现有的使用半反射镜的电子镜装置相比，没有图像光的亮度降低，因此，能够获得高亮度的图像。另外，在本实施方式的电子镜装置中，可以使获得高亮度的图像和作为反射镜获得相对于外光的高的反射率这两者并存。以下，叙述其理由。在使用现有半反射镜的电子镜装置中，若将半反射镜对于外光的反射率设为X(0＜X＜1)时，透过率成为1－X。在此，从图像显示部射出的图像光的亮度设定为Y[cd/m2]。于是，透过半反射镜到达驾驶员的图像光的亮度Z，即使忽略在各部分的损失，最大也为Z＝Y×(1－X)[cd/m2]。若提高半反射镜相对于外光的反射率时，相反地，透过率减少，因此，在使用现有半反射镜的电子镜装置中，提高相对于外光的反射率和提高到达驾驶员的图像光的亮度存在折衷选择的关系。
另一方面，在本实施方式的电子镜装置中，利用了带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503反射右旋圆偏振的光及左旋圆偏振的光中的一方而使另一方透过的特性。因此，不存在如上所述的折衷选择的关系。因此，在将带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503相对于外光的反射率设为X的情况下，透过带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503后到达驾驶员的图像光的亮度Z，能够超过Y×(1－X)[cd/m2]。因此，在到达驾驶员的图像光的亮度相同的情况下，与使用现有半反射镜的电子镜装置相比，本实施方式的电子镜装置的显示屏亮度小了。
例如，车厢内的白天的环境亮度A设为A＝150[cd/m2]。在此，设置于车厢内的显示屏的对比度(图像光与反射光之比)需要设为4比1以上。于是，在反射镜的反射率为40％的情况下，图像光的亮度Z需要150×0.4×4＝240[cd/m2]以上。在现有半反射镜方式中，要获得240[cd/m2]以上的图像光的亮度，显示屏亮度Y根据Z＝Y×(1－0.4)的关系，最低也要求Y＝400[cd/m2]。另一方面，在本实施方式中，即使为了获得相同的图像光的亮度而将偏振及界面反射损失估算为30％，根据Z＝Y×(1－0.3)，显示屏亮度Y为Y＝342[cd/m2]就可以。
另外，如上所述，在本实施方式的电子镜装置中，带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜的反射率设为固定值。即，液晶显示屏501为接通时的、带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503相对于外光的反射率和液晶显示屏501为断开时是相同的。因此，在液晶显示屏501为接通时，带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503保持在反射右旋圆偏振的光及左旋圆偏振的光中的任一方而使另一方透过的状态。下面对这一优点进行说明。
例如，驾驶员通过观察从显示部500射出的右旋圆偏振的液晶图像进行后方监视。这时，带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503在透过右旋圆偏振的液晶图像的同时，对于左旋圆偏振的外光保持适度的反射率。所谓“适度的反射率”是指，在将带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜503单体看作反射镜的情况下，作为监视后方的反射镜充分地发挥作用的程度的反射率。具体而言，优选反射率为0.4(40％)以上。这时，即使液晶显示屏501因故障而突然成为断开，显示部500也能自动且瞬时切换为反射左旋圆偏振的外光的反射镜，因此，驾驶员的后方视野不会消失。即，本实施方式的电子镜装置在液晶显示屏为接通时，带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜也能够保持反射右旋圆偏振的光及左旋圆偏振的光中的任一方而使另一方透过的状态，另外，由于被保持在与液晶显示屏为断开时相同的反射率，因此，能够实现液晶显示屏故障时的失效保护功能。
产业上的可利用性
本发明一方式的电子镜用于作为车载用的监视装置。
符号说明
1 汽车
2 车厢
3 驾驶席
4 副驾驶席
5 显示器
5A 主体壳
6 安装部
7 摄像机
500 显示部
501 液晶显示屏
501A 显示面
502 1/4相位差板(相位差板)
503 带胆留醇型液晶层的薄膜
504 反射光量调节用滤光器
510 吸收轴
511 滞相轴
512、513 液晶图像
514 外光
515 右旋圆偏振光
516、517 左旋圆偏振光
521 控制部
522 存储部
523 操作部
5000 电子镜装置

Claims (7)

1.一种电子镜装置，显示搭载于车辆的摄像机拍摄到的图像，其中，具备：
液晶显示屏，其具有显示面；
相位差板，其相对于所述液晶显示屏与所述显示面相对配置，使从所述液晶显示屏射出的液晶图像进行圆偏振；
胆留醇型液晶层，其相对于所述相位差板配置于所述液晶显示屏的相反侧，使通过所述相位差板进行了圆偏振的所述液晶图像透过。
2.如权利要求1所述的电子镜装置，其中，
所述相位差板为相对于所述液晶显示屏的吸收轴，滞相轴设置于45度的位置的1/4相位差板，
所述胆留醇型液晶层使通过所述相位差板进行了圆偏振的圆偏振方向的所述液晶图像透过。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电子镜装置，其中，
还具备相对于所述胆留醇型液晶层，配置于所述相位差板的相反侧的反射光量调节用滤光器。
4.如权利要求1～3中任一项所述的电子镜装置，其中，
在所述液晶显示屏为接通时，所述胆留醇型液晶层保持在使右旋圆偏振的光和左旋圆偏振的外光中的任一方透过而反射另一方的状态。
5.如权利要求4所述的电子镜装置，其中，
在所述液晶显示屏为断开时，所述胆留醇型液晶层相对于外光的反射率和所述液晶显示屏为接通时相对于外光的反射率相同。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的电子镜装置，其中，
所述胆留醇型液晶层相对于外光的反射率为0.4以上。
7.如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的电子镜装置，其中，
在所述胆留醇型液晶层相对于外光的反射率为X，且0＜X＜1，从所述液晶显示屏射出的所述液晶图像的亮度为Y时，透过所述胆留醇型液晶层的所述液晶图像的亮度Z超过Y×(1－X)。
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Application publication date: 20170222