CN106450750B - Terahertz photoconduction phased array antenna system - Google Patents
Terahertz photoconduction phased array antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106450750B CN106450750B CN201611117374.7A CN201611117374A CN106450750B CN 106450750 B CN106450750 B CN 106450750B CN 201611117374 A CN201611117374 A CN 201611117374A CN 106450750 B CN106450750 B CN 106450750B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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Abstract
The invention relates to a terahertz photoconduction phased-array antenna system which comprises a laser source, an optical fiber coupler, an optical delay controller and a terahertz photoconduction array antenna, wherein the optical fiber coupler is arranged on the laser source; wherein the fiber coupler couples the pump light generated by the laser source into the optical fiber; the optical delay controller controls the delay time of the pump light output by the optical fiber coupler to generate N beams of pump light with different delay times; n is a natural number greater than 1; the terahertz photoconductive array antenna receives N beams of pump light with different delay times output from the optical delay controller, receives the N beams of pump light with different delay times output from the optical delay controller, and excites and generates terahertz radiation after each beam of pump light is focused and irradiates a corresponding bias antenna unit. The invention improves the radiation power of the antenna array and changes the beam pointing angle by introducing the optical delay controller into the pump light path of the photoconductive antenna array and controlling the radiation phase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz radiation, and particularly relates to a terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system.
Background
Terahertz (THz/terahertz) radiation (0.1 THz-10 THz) technology is a leading-edge field of the electromagnetic wave field, between the fields of photonics and electronics: by adopting the method of the electronics, the system can be used, 0.3THz is essentially its upper frequency limit; the effect of the method using photonics is not satisfactory. The terahertz radiation technology is referred to as a "terahertz gap" because of its immaturity. Compared with other electromagnetic wave bands, the terahertz has unique properties and has great application prospects in the fields of medical treatment, security inspection, materials and the like.
A high-power terahertz source is an important bottleneck of a terahertz technology, and a terahertz antenna is a hot point of research as a terahertz radiation source. A method for increasing radiation power adopts an antenna array technology, and the existing terahertz array antenna mainly comprises two types: one type of electronics-based antenna array is a photoconductive (photoconductive) antenna array. The phased array technology in the antenna technology can increase the radiation power and gain, and can change the total radiation direction of the antenna by controlling the phase delay amount of each antenna unit, thereby achieving the purpose that the beam direction of the fixed antenna can also be rotationally scanned. An antenna array based on electronics can be made into a phased array antenna (Phase array antenna) by adopting an electrical Phase shifting method, but the upper limit of the frequency of the phased array antenna is still in a terahertz low frequency band. At present, a terahertz photoconductive phased-array antenna system is still a blank.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
A terahertz photoconduction phased-array antenna system comprises a laser source, an optical fiber coupler, an optical delay controller and a terahertz photoconduction array antenna;
wherein the optical fiber coupler couples the pump light generated by the laser source into an optical fiber;
the optical delay controller controls the delay time of the pump light output by the optical fiber coupler to generate N beams of pump light with different delay times; n is a natural number greater than 1;
the terahertz photoconductive array antenna receives N beams of pump light with different delay times output from the optical delay controller, and each beam of pump light is focused and irradiates the corresponding antenna unit and then is excited to generate terahertz radiation.
Further, the laser source is a femtosecond laser or a difference frequency laser source.
Further, the terahertz photoconductive array antenna comprises a microlens array and N antenna units; each beam of pump light received by the terahertz photoconductive array antenna is focused by the micro lens array and irradiates an electrode gap area of the corresponding antenna unit, so that each antenna unit is excited to generate terahertz radiation and is interfered and synthesized into total radiation of the antenna array; bias voltage is uniformly applied between the two electrodes of each antenna unit.
Further, the spatial distribution of the antenna units is linear, planar or three-dimensional.
Further, the optical time delay controller adopts a glass sheet, an optical switch or electro-optical modulation to realize time delay.
Further, when the optical delay controller adopts a glass sheet to realize delay, the optical delay controller comprises a disc and a plurality of working areas, the plurality of working areas are regularly distributed on the disc along the circumferential direction in the disc, each working area comprises N glass sheets, the N glass sheets are arranged along the radial direction of the disc, and the N glass sheets in each working area are the same as the micro-lens array of the terahertz photoconductive array antenna in shape on the plane perpendicular to the light path.
Furthermore, the N glass sheets are optical glass thin wafers with different thicknesses, the upper surface and the lower surface of each glass thin wafer are parallel, and the area of each glass thin wafer is the same as that of the micro lens right below the glass thin wafer.
Further, when the optical delay controller realizes delay by using the optical switch, the optical switch uses a micro-mirror reflection type MEMS optical switch array formed by micro-nano processing, and the optical switch controller controls the closing combination of the micro-mirror reflection type MEMS optical switch array to obtain delay amounts of different antenna units.
Furthermore, when the optical delay controller realizes delay by adopting optical modulation, the optical delay controller adopts an optical waveguide made of an electro-optic crystal, different voltages are applied to the electro-optic crystal, the refractive index is changed, and the delay amount of the pump light is controlled.
Further, the system further comprises a polarization splitting prism; the laser source is divided into two beams of polarized light by a polarization beam splitter prism, wherein one beam of polarized light can be expanded to be used as probe light of the terahertz frequency domain spectrometer, the other Shu Pianzhen light is equally divided into N beams of pump light by a fiber coupler, and the N beams of pump light are respectively coupled into N optical waveguides made of z-cut KDP electro-optic crystals, wherein the polarization direction of the light and the x electro-optic crystal 1 The intrinsic polarization directions of the axes are parallel, and light is coupled to the micro-lenses of the terahertz photoconductive array antenna after coming out of the optical waveguide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a terahertz photoconductive phased-array antenna system, wherein a light delay controller is introduced into a pump light path of a photoconductive antenna array, so that the time difference of pump light irradiating antenna units on the antenna array is changed, and the terahertz phase radiated by each antenna unit is changed. By controlling the radiation phase of each antenna unit, the radiation power of the antenna array is improved, a radiation directional diagram and a gain coefficient can be changed in the using process, and the antenna array has the characteristics of increasing the radiation power, improving the gain and controlling the directional diagram. Meanwhile, the phase shifting method provided by the invention adopts true time delay, the wave beam deflection phenomenon cannot be generated, and the phased array antenna can work under a wide frequency band.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system proposed by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a beam pointing angle of a terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system proposed by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an optical delay controller of embodiment 1 of a terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system proposed by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of a terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system proposed by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of a terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system proposed by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system proposed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the drawings and the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the terahertz photoconductive phased array antenna system provided by the present invention includes a laser source 11, an optical fiber coupler 12, an optical delay controller 13, and a terahertz photoconductive array antenna 14.
The laser source 11 is used to generate a beam of pump light 15. The laser source 11 may be a femtosecond laser for generating a pulsed pump light. The laser source 11 may also be a beat laser source for generating a beam of continuous beat light.
The optical fiber coupler 12 is configured to split or combine a beam of pump light 15 generated by the laser source 11 and couple the split or combined beam into an optical fiber.
The optical delay controller 13 is configured to control the delay time of the pump light output by the optical fiber coupler 12, and generate N pump lights 17 with different delay times.
The adopted time delay mode preferably adopts three modes of glass sheet time delay, optical switch time delay and electro-optical modulation time delay.
When the optical delay controller 13 adopts an optical switch delay or electro-optical modulation delay mode, the optical fiber coupler 12 equally divides a beam of pump light 15 generated by the laser source 11 into N beams of pump light 16, and each beam of pump light is coupled into one optical fiber to form N equidistant optical fiber waveguide structures; the lengths of the N optical fibers are equal; where N is a natural number greater than 1, an example where N is 4 is given in the drawing. The optical delay controller 13 controls the delay time of each beam of pump light output by the optical fiber coupler 12 to generate N beams of pump light 17 with different delay times.
When the optical delay controller 13 adopts a glass sheet delay mode, the optical fiber coupler 12 combines a beam of pump light 15 generated by the laser source 11 into a beam of pump light 16, and N beams of pump light 17 with different delay times are generated through the control and beam splitting of the optical delay controller 13.
The terahertz photoconductive array antenna 14 includes a microlens array 141 and N antenna units 142, and the spatial distribution of the antenna units 142 may be linear, planar, or three-dimensional. A bias voltage is uniformly applied between the two electrodes of each antenna element 142. The antenna element 142 may be a biased antenna element.
The terahertz photoconductive array antenna 14 receives N beams of pump light 17 with different delay times output from the optical delay controller 13, and each beam of pump light 17 is focused by the microlens array 141 to irradiate an electrode gap region of a corresponding antenna unit 142, so that the antenna unit is excited to generate terahertz radiation. Meanwhile, terahertz radiation generated by the N antenna units is interfered and synthesized into terahertz radiation 18 with higher power, and the terahertz radiation is output.
The angle between the beam pointing direction Q of the thz radiation 18 and the normal P of the antenna array plane is the beam pointing angle θ, as shown in fig. 2. The value of the beam pointing angle θ is:
where Δ L is an optical path difference of the pump light irradiated to the adjacent antenna unit, and d is a distance between the adjacent antenna units a and B.
The invention controls the radiation phase of each antenna unit by adding the optical delay controller in the pumping light path, improves the radiation power, and can change the radiation directional diagram and the gain coefficient in the use process.
The phase shifting method adopted by the invention is an optical true delay technology, the phenomenon of beam deflection cannot be generated, and the antenna can work in a wide frequency band.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the optical delay controller 13 adopts a glass sheet delay mode. The role of the glass sheet is to control the amount of time that the pump light incident on the antenna unit is delayed.
The optical delay controller 13 comprises a disk 31 and a plurality of working areas 32 (shown by dotted lines in fig. 3), the plurality of working areas 32 are arranged in the disk 31 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, each working area 32 comprises N glass sheets, the N glass sheets are arranged along the radial direction of the disk 31, and the N glass sheets included in each working area 32 have the same shape as the microlens array of the terahertz photoconductive array antenna 14 on the plane perpendicular to the optical path. Only one active region 32 at a time is brought into the path of the pump light by mechanical rotation.
Fig. 3 shows a case where eight work areas 32 are arranged in the disc 31 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, each work area 32 including 4 glass sheets D1, D2, D3, D4, fig. 3 is a top view of the optical delay controller 13, four circles within a dotted line box are a top view of one of the work areas 32, and fig. 4 shows a front view of one of the work areas 32. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the number of work zones 32 and the number of glass sheets may be set as desired.
One working area 32 corresponds to one beam pointing angle theta, and the thickness distribution of each glass sheet on one working area 32 is calculated by antenna phased array theory.
As shown in fig. 4, a pump light beam 15 generated by the laser source 11 is output as a pump light beam 16 through the optical fiber coupler 12, and after passing through the ith glass sheet of the working area 32 in the optical delay controller 13, the optical path difference Δ d causing the pump light to increase i Comprises the following steps:
Δd i ＝(n-1)d i ，
where n is the refractive index of the glass flake and d i Is the ith glass sheet D i Of (c) is used.
Optical path difference Δ L of pump light irradiated to adjacent antenna unit i ＝Δd i -Δd i-1 ＝(n-1)Δd i,i-1 = dsin theta, then for a certain photoconductive antenna array, the distance between adjacent antenna units is fixed, so that the required optical glass sheet thickness difference between adjacent antenna units can be calculated when a certain beam pointing angle theta is taken
In the case where N is 4 as shown in FIG. 4, the thicknesses of the optical glass sheets D1, D2, D3 and D4 are a and b, respectively, when the beam pointing angle θ is 30 degrees,
Where a is the base thickness of the optical glass flake.
The working frequency is 1THz, d is one half wavelength and 150 micrometers, the refractive index n of the glass is 1.5, and delta d i,i-1 =150 microns. Taking a =200 microns, then D 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 The thicknesses were 200, 350, 500, 650 microns, respectively.
Manufacturing a series of optical glass thin wafers D with different thicknesses i The four glass thin wafers are regularly distributed on the circular discs, the upper surface and the lower surface of each glass thin wafer are parallel, the area of each glass thin wafer is the same as that of the micro lens right below the glass thin wafer, each four glass thin wafers are combined into a working area 32, and a required working area can be rotated into a light path of the pump light by adopting a mechanical rotation mode.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the optical delay controller adopts an optical switch delay mode.
Fig. 5 shows a structure diagram of the optical delay controller 13 using the optical switch delay, the optical switch 51 uses a micro-mirror reflection type MEMS optical switch array formed by micro-nano processing, and the optical switch controller 52 controls the closing combination of the micro-mirror reflection type MEMS optical switch array, so as to obtain various delay amounts of the pump light on the antenna array 142. Each fiber from the fiber coupler 12 is connected to one of the rows of optical switches 51, passing through n =3 optical switches51 and finally emitted to a micro lens on the terahertz photoconductive array antenna 14. Each optical switch 51 can select one of two paths with different lengths, and different combinations of 3 optical switches can obtain 3 2 Different delay times can make each beam obtain n 2 ＝3 2 Different optical path differences Δ L. The principle of beam pointing angle control is described in example 1.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the optical delay controller adopts an electro-optical modulation delay method.
In this mode, the pump light is delayed using an optical waveguide 61 made of an electro-optic crystal. Different voltages are applied to the electro-optical crystal to change the refractive index and control the delay amount of the pump light.
The laser source 11 is divided into two beams of polarized light by the polarization beam splitter 62, one beam 63 can be expanded to be used as detection light of the terahertz frequency domain spectrometer, the other beam is divided into N beams of pump light by the optical fiber coupler 12, and the N beams of pump light are respectively coupled into the optical waveguides 61 (the polarization direction of the light and the electro-optic crystal x) made of N z-cut KDP electro-optic crystals 1 The intrinsic polarization directions of the axes are parallel), the light is coupled to the microlenses of the terahertz photoconductive array antenna 14 after coming out of the optical waveguide 61. The refractive index of the crystal is changed by delta n when voltage V (t) is applied to two ends of the waveguide of the KDP crystal, and the optical path difference caused on the crystal optical waveguide is delta nd, so that the phase control effect is achieved. The principle of beam pointing angle control is described in example 1.
The terahertz photoconductive array antenna 14 in the above embodiments is a linear antenna array as an example, and can also be extended to a planar or stereo antenna array.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A terahertz photoconduction phased-array antenna system is characterized by comprising a laser source, an optical fiber coupler, an optical delay controller and a terahertz photoconduction array antenna;
wherein the optical fiber coupler couples the pump light generated by the laser source into an optical fiber;
the optical delay controller controls the delay time of the pump light output by the optical fiber coupler to generate N beams of pump light with different delay times; n is a natural number greater than 1;
the terahertz photoconductive array antenna receives N beams of pump light with different delay times output from the optical delay controller, and each beam of pump light is focused to irradiate the corresponding antenna unit and then is excited to generate terahertz radiation;
the terahertz photoconductive array antenna comprises a microlens array and N antenna units; each beam of pump light received by the terahertz photoconductive array antenna is focused by the micro lens array and irradiates an electrode gap area of a corresponding antenna unit, so that the antenna unit is excited to generate terahertz radiation and is interfered and synthesized into total radiation of the antenna array; bias voltage is uniformly applied between the two electrodes of each antenna unit;
the optical time delay controller adopts a glass sheet to realize time delay; when the optical delay controller adopts a glass sheet to realize delay, the optical delay controller comprises a disc and a plurality of working areas, the plurality of working areas are regularly distributed on the disc along the circumferential direction in the disc, each working area comprises N glass sheets, the N glass sheets are arranged along the radial direction of the disc, and the N glass sheets in each working area have the same shape as the micro-lens array of the terahertz photoconductive array antenna on the plane vertical to the light path; only one working area at a time is brought into the path of the pump light by mechanical rotation.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser source is a femtosecond laser or a difference frequency laser source.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of working areas are regularly distributed on the disk in a circumferential direction in the disk comprises: the plurality of working areas are arranged in the disc at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatial distribution of the antenna elements is linear, planar, or volumetric.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of work zones is 8 work zones and the N glass sheets are 4 glass sheets.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the antenna element is a biased antenna element.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the N glass sheets are optical glass thin wafers with different thicknesses, and each glass thin wafer has an upper surface and a lower surface which are parallel and have the same area as the micro-lens directly below.
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| US10211902B1 (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-02-19 | General Electric Company | True time delay beam former and method of operation |
| CN107991835B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2019-10-25 | 北京理工大学 | Optical projection system and method are expanded based on micro-nano structure palarization multiplexing short focus |
| CN108459448A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Two-dimensional light beam scanning method based on optical phased array and optical phased array |
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| CN112763084B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-08-23 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | High-stability frequency source, terahertz frequency generation experimental device and using method |
| CN112992387B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2023-10-13 | 大连理工大学 | Terahertz microwave interference array for measuring two-dimensional electron density profile based on time delay method |
| CN114251980B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-12-27 | 电子科技大学 | Device for interfering and damaging cluster unmanned aerial vehicle |
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