CN106450461A - Lithium secondary battery overcharge protection electrolyte and lithium secondary battery - Google Patents
Lithium secondary battery overcharge protection electrolyte and lithium secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN106450461A CN106450461A CN201611149322.8A CN201611149322A CN106450461A CN 106450461 A CN106450461 A CN 106450461A CN 201611149322 A CN201611149322 A CN 201611149322A CN 106450461 A CN106450461 A CN 106450461A
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- secondary battery
- electrolyte
- lithium secondary
- lithium
- carbonate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses lithium secondary battery overcharge protection electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery. The electrolyte contains electrolyte lithium salts, non-water organic solvents, film forming additives and overcharge protection additives, wherein the film forming additives are at least one kind of materials from TMSP (tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate) and DTD (dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide); the overcharge protection additives comprise oxidation and reduction shuttle type overcharge protection additives. The overcharge protection additives used in the electrolyte do not take part in any reaction process at the normal work voltage of 2.75 to 4.35V; when the battery charging voltage exceeds 4.4V, the oxidation and reduction shuttle type overcharge protection additives generate oxidation and reduction shuttle current distribution and voltage limitation on the surface of an electrode; the voltage is controlled to be within a range; the intense decomposition of the electrolyte inside the battery due to too high voltage can be avoided; further, the occurrence of safety problems of combustion, explosion and the like of the battery can be prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium secondary battery field, and in particular to a kind of lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte and its lithium are secondary
Battery.
Background technology
Lithium secondary battery is due to high working voltage, high-energy-density, long-life and advantages of environment protection, extensive
It is applied to the fields such as 3C digital product, electric tool, electric automobile, Aero-Space.Particularly in electric automobile field, 2015
Since assume explosive growth.According to country《Energy-conservation and new-energy automobile industrial development planning》, it is desirable to electrokinetic cell energy is close
Degree reaches more than 300Wh/Kg in the year two thousand twenty.
Electric automobile is used as a kind of vehicles, and its distance travelled, acceleration, climbing capacity and security performance etc. are all
Concerned emphasis, and these performance indications height depend primarily on the electrokinetic cell as critical component.For reaching above-mentioned rule
In drawing, higher electrokinetic cell energy density is required, improves the trend that specific energy is electrokinetic cell future development.
At present, the subject matter of restriction high-energy-density electrokinetic cell is the security performance of battery, wherein by overcharging initiation
Lithium secondary battery unsafe act be one of most dangerous factor.When lithium secondary battery is overcharged, positive pole work will be caused
Property the irreversible change of the structure of matter and oxidation Decomposition of electrolyte, and then produce substantial amounts of gas and discharge substantial amounts of heat
Amount, causes internal temperature of battery to steeply rise, and battery occurs thermal runaway；Carbon anode surface in overcharging state also can be because of metal
The deposition of lithium increases combustibility, finally promotes electrokinetic cell the problems such as burning and blast occur.
In order to reduce the safety problems such as thermal runaway of the battery under overcharge conditions, anti-overcharge adding can be added in the electrolytic solution
Plus agent, to reach the purpose for increasing battery security.Conventional anti-overcharge additive (as biphenyl, cyclohexyl benzene) is certain at present
Can improve the overcharge safety of battery in degree, but less stable during battery long circulating, easily increase in battery
Resistance, affects battery long circulation life, while this kind of additive happens is that irreversible decomposition aerogenesis when over-charging of battery is blocked
Or electric polymerization reaction, will be unable to be continuing with after battery generation overcharge.
Accordingly, it is necessory to develop the anti-overcharge additive of new reversible or combination, good anti-overcharge performance can be played,
It is unlikely to again to affect electrokinetic cell cycle life, it is ensured that electrokinetic cell still normally can be used after it there is overcharge, effectively changed
The safety of kind electrokinetic cell.
Content of the invention
In view of problem present in background technology, a kind of lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte of present invention offer and its lithium two
Primary cell, the Overcharge prevention electrolyte has good filming performance and overcharges protective value, can effectively solving high-energy-density
The overcharge safety sex chromosome mosaicism that electrokinetic cell faces.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
A kind of lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte, comprising electrolyte lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent, film for additive and anti-
Overcharging additive, the film for additive be in three (trimethyl silane) phosphate ester (TMSP) and sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD) at least
One kind, the anti-overcharge additive is at least one aromatic having shown in formula (1) structure：
Wherein, R1～R4It is separately methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, phenoxy group, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atoms and hydrogen original
Any one in son, and R1～R4At most there is one for hydrogen atom.
Preferably, the anti-overcharge additive quality accounts for the electrolyte gross mass 0.5%～5.0%.
Preferably, the film for additive quality accounts for the electrolyte gross mass 0.3%～3.0%.
Preferably, described electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluoro phosphate, difluorophosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithium, Tetrafluoroboric acid
One or more in lithium, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates, di-oxalate lithium borate and double (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithiums.
Preferably, the non-aqueous organic solvent is made up of with linear carbonate cyclic carbonate, the cyclic carbonate choosing
One or more from ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, the chain ester is selected from carbonic acid diformazan
One or more in ester, diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, propyl propionate and ethyl propionate.
Preferably, the electrolyte also includes vinylene carbonate, 1,3- propane sultone, methane-disulfonic acid methylene
One or more other additives in double (propionitrile) ethers of ester, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, ethylene glycol.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium secondary battery, including cathode sheet, anode pole piece, is placed in cathode sheet and anode pole
Isolating membrane and above-described lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte between piece, the cathode sheet include aluminum foil current collector and
Negative electrode diaphragm, the anode pole piece includes copper foil current collector and anode diaphragm, and the negative electrode diaphragm includes cathode active material, leads
Electric agent and binding agent, the anode diaphragm includes anode active material, conductive agent and binding agent, and the cathode active material is
LiNi1-x-y-zCoxMnyAlzO2Or LiAmBnPO4, wherein：0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1,0≤m≤1,0≤n≤1 and 0
≤ x+y+z≤1, A, B represent Fe, Mn, Co or V；The anode active material be Delanium, native graphite, lithium titanate or
SiOwThe Si-C composite material being composited with graphite, wherein 0≤w<2.
It is an advantage of the current invention that：
1st, in the present invention, three (trimethyl silane) phosphate ester of film for additive and sulfuric acid vinyl ester can be formed in electrode surface
Excellent interface protecting film, reduces reactivity the stabilized electrodes material microstructure of electrode material and electrolyte, and lifting is dynamic
Power cycle performance of battery and high-temperature behavior；Meanwhile, the solid electrolyte membrane impedance for being formed is low, is conducive to improving lithium secondary battery
Internal dynamics characteristic.
2nd, in the present invention with the anti-overcharge additive shown in formula (1) structure, normal battery operation voltage (2.75～
Any course of reaction is not involved under 4.35V), when battery charging voltage is more than 4.4V, the anti-overcharge interpolation of oxidoreduction shuttle type
Agent occurs oxidoreduction shuttle to shunt pressure limiting in electrode surface, by voltage clamp within the specific limits, prevents inside battery to be electrolysed
Liquid occurs acutely to decompose due to overtension, and then avoids battery that the safety problem such as burning and blast occurs.
3rd, the present invention with the addition of the novel conductive lithium salts with good filming characteristic, and compare exclusive use LiPF6, adopt
Various new film forming lithium salts is applied in combination, and is conducive to improving electrokinetic cell high temperature performance, high rate performance, long circulating performance and peace
Full performance.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further, the enforcement of the present invention includes but is not limited to following embodiment party
Formula.Any change or replacement without departing from present invention can be understood by the person skilled in the art, all should be in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Embodiment 1
Electrolyte quota step：In the glove box full of argon, by ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate
Ester is EC in mass ratio：DEC：EMC=3：2：5 are mixed, and are then slowly added to the hexafluoro phosphorus of 1.0mol/L to mixed solution
Double fluorine sulfimide lithium of sour lithium, the difluorophosphate of 0.02mol/L and 0.02mol/L, are eventually adding based on electrolyte gross weight
Three (trimethyl silane) phosphate ester (TMSP) of amount 0.5wt%, 1wt% sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD), 0.2wt% vinylene carbonate
Ester (VC) and 2wt%2,4- difluoroanisole, obtain the lithium secondary cell electrolyte of embodiment 1 after stirring.
By the lithium secondary cell electrolyte for preparing injection through fully dry Si-C composite material/LiNi1/3Co1/ 3Mn1/3O2In electrokinetic cell, battery is shelved through 45 DEG C, after high-temperature clamp chemical conversion and secondary sealing, carry out conventional partial volume.
1) normal-temperature circulating performance test：At 25 DEG C, the battery after partial volume is charged to 4.20V by 1C constant current constant voltage, cut-off
Electric current 0.025C, then presses 1C constant-current discharge to 2.75V, circulates according to this, calculates the 2000th cycle after 2000 circulations of charge/discharge
Circulation volume conservation rate.Computing formula is as follows：
2000th circulation volume conservation rate (%)=(the 2000th cyclic discharge capacity/first cyclic discharge capacity) ×
100%；
2) 60 DEG C of constant temperature storage thickness swellings are tested with capacity surplus ratio：First battery is filled with 0.5C circulation at normal temperatures
1 time (4.2V～2.75V) of electric discharge, discharge capacity C before record battery storage0, then that battery constant-current constant-voltage charging is full to 4.2V
Electric state, using the thickness d before slide gauge test battery high-temperature storage1(by straight line by two diagonal of above-mentioned battery respectively
It is connected, two diagonal cross points are cell thickness test point), battery is put in 60 DEG C of calorstats stores 30 days afterwards,
Battery the hot thickness d of battery that tests after storage is taken out after the completion of storage2, calculate battery thickness after 60 DEG C of constant temperature of battery are stored 30 days
Degree expansion rate；After battery cools down 24H at room temperature, again battery is carried out constant-current discharge to 2.75V with 0.5C, record battery
Discharge capacity C after storage1, and capacity surplus ratio after 60 DEG C of constant temperature of battery are stored 30 days is calculated, computing formula is as follows：
60 DEG C storage 30 days after cell thickness expansion rate=(d2-d1)/d1* 100%；
60 DEG C of constant temperature store 30 days after capacity surplus ratio=C1/C0* 100%.
3) electrokinetic cell overcharges test：At 25 DEG C, the battery after partial volume is charged to 4.20V by 1C constant current constant voltage, cut-off
Electric current 0.025C；After battery is fully charged, 6.3V is reached with 1C electric current constant-current charge to voltage or the charging interval is reached (200% after 1h
SOC) stop charging, 1h is observed, confirm whether battery occurs on fire and blast.
Embodiment 2～8 and comparative example 1～4
In embodiment 2～8 and comparative example 1～4, in addition to each composition composition and ratio of electrolyte is pressed and is added shown in table 1, other
All same as Example 1.Table 1 is embodiment 1～8 and each composition composition and ratio of the electrolyte of comparative example 1～4：
Table 1
In above-mentioned table 1, each chemical substance letter writes a Chinese character in simplified form/and that chemical formula corresponds to title is as follows：
LiPF6(lithium hexafluoro phosphate), LiPO2F2(difluorophosphate), LiFSI (double fluorine sulfimide lithium), EC (ethylene
Alkene ester), DEC (diethyl carbonate), EMC (Ethyl methyl carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate), PC (Allyl carbonate), DTD (sulphuric acid
Vinyl acetate), TMSP (three (trimethyl silane) phosphate ester), VC (vinylene carbonate), PS (1,3- propane sultone).
Embodiment 1～8 and electrokinetic cell electrical property in comparative example 1～4 and to overcharge test result as shown in table 2：
Table 2
In table 2, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 overcharge test result with each embodiment and compare and understand：Anti-overcharge in the present invention
Protection additive can be prevented effectively from battery to be occurred after overcharging to burn or explodes, and significantly improves electrokinetic cell security performance, has
Safely, effectively, the characteristic such as practicality.
In table 2, comparative example 1 and each embodiment electric performance test results contrast understand：Film for additive three in each embodiment
(trimethyl silane) phosphate ester and/or sulfuric acid vinyl ester can form excellent interface protecting film in electrode surface, reduce electrode material
Material and the reactivity of electrolyte, lift electrokinetic cell cycle performance and high-temperature behavior.
Further, compare exclusive use LiPF6Used as the comparative example 4 of electric conducting lithium salt, in the present invention, each embodiment adds
The novel conductive lithium salts difluorophosphate with good filming characteristic and/or double fluorine sulfimide lithium, various new film forming are added
Being applied in combination effectively for lithium salts improves electrokinetic cell cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance.
It is more than illustrating for section Example for the present invention, the scope of the claims of the present invention is not intended to limit,
All change or replacement without departing from present invention, all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte, comprising electrolyte lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent, film for additive and anti-mistake
Fill additive, it is characterised in that the film for additive is three（Trimethyl silane）Phosphate ester（TMSP）And sulfuric acid vinyl ester
（DTD）At least one of, the anti-overcharge additive has formula at least one（1）Aromatic shown in structure：
Formula（1）
Wherein, R1~R4Be separately methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, phenoxy group, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, in bromine atoms and hydrogen atom
Any one, and R1~R4At most there is one for hydrogen atom.
2. the lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the anti-overcharge additive
Quality accounts for the electrolyte gross mass 0.5% ~ 5.0%.
3. the lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the film for additive matter
Amount accounts for the electrolyte gross mass 0.3% ~ 3.0%.
4. the lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the electrolyte lithium salt is
Lithium hexafluoro phosphate, difluorophosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithium, LiBF4, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates, di-oxalate lithium borate and
One or more in double (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithiums.
5. the lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the non-aqueous organic solvent
It is made up of with linear carbonate cyclic carbonate, the cyclic carbonate is selected from ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, fluoro carbonic acid
One or more in vinyl acetate, the chain ester is selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, carbonic acid first third
One or more in ester, propyl propionate and ethyl propionate.
6. the lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the electrolyte also includes
Vinylene carbonate, 1,3- propane sultone, methane-disulfonic acid methylene ester, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, ethylene glycol are double (propionitrile)
One or more other additives in ether.
7. a kind of lithium secondary battery, including cathode sheet, anode pole piece, the isolating membrane being placed between cathode sheet and anode pole piece
With the lithium secondary battery Overcharge prevention electrolyte described in claim 1 to 6 any one.
8. lithium secondary battery according to claim 7, the cathode sheet includes aluminum foil current collector and negative electrode diaphragm, described
Anode pole piece includes copper foil current collector and anode diaphragm, and the negative electrode diaphragm includes cathode active material, conductive agent and binding agent,
The anode diaphragm includes anode active material, conductive agent and binding agent.
9. lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, the cathode active material be1-x-y-zCoxMnyAlzO2Or
LiAmBnPO4, wherein：0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1,0≤m≤1,0≤n≤1 and 0
≤ x+y+z≤1, A, B represent Fe, Mn, Co or V；The anode active material be Delanium, native graphite, lithium titanate or
SiOwThe Si-C composite material being composited with graphite, wherein 0≤w< 2.
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| CN107394270A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-24 | 天津银隆新能源有限公司 | Electrolyte for improving lithium titanate battery cyclical stability and preparation method thereof |
| CN108134134A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-06-08 | 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 | A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, electrolyte, lithium ion battery |
| CN108232299A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-29 | 清远佳致新材料研究院有限公司 | A kind of high-voltage electrolyte containing new additive agent |
| CN108417894A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-17 | 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of lithium secondary cell electrolyte and lithium secondary battery |
| CN108511802A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-07 | 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 | A kind of lithium-ion-power cell Overcharge prevention electrolyte and lithium-ion-power cell |
| CN108736067A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-02 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of flatulence and cycle performance under a kind of improvement high voltage |
| WO2018232863A1 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-27 | 苏州大学 | Lithium-sulfur battery electrolyte and preparation method therefor |
| CN109148960A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-04 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the lithium ion battery using the electrolyte |
| CN109193029A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-11 | 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 | A kind of nickelic ternary non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell and the nickelic ternary lithium ion battery containing the electrolyte |
| CN109428117A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-03-05 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery and electrolyte thereof |
| CN109659609A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-19 | 湖北诺邦科技股份有限公司 | A kind of long circulating lithium-ion electrolyte and battery |
| WO2019151724A1 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-08 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Lithium secondary battery having improved high-temperature storage characteristics |
| CN111129589A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-08 | 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 | Ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery thereof |
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| CN108134134B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-04-10 | 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN108134134A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-06-08 | 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 | A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, electrolyte, lithium ion battery |
| CN108232299A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-29 | 清远佳致新材料研究院有限公司 | A kind of high-voltage electrolyte containing new additive agent |
| US11476459B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2022-10-18 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery having improved high-temperature storage characteristics |
| WO2019151724A1 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-08 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Lithium secondary battery having improved high-temperature storage characteristics |
| CN108417894A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-17 | 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of lithium secondary cell electrolyte and lithium secondary battery |
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