CN106025359A - Lithium ion power battery non-water electrolyte - Google Patents

Lithium ion power battery non-water electrolyte Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106025359A
CN106025359A CN201610537304.0A CN201610537304A CN106025359A CN 106025359 A CN106025359 A CN 106025359A CN 201610537304 A CN201610537304 A CN 201610537304A CN 106025359 A CN106025359 A CN 106025359A
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lithium
carbonate
ion
electrolytic solution
nonaqueous electrolytic
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王霹霹
戴晓兵
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Zhuhai Smoothway Electronic Materials Co Ltd
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Zhuhai Smoothway Electronic Materials Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium ion power battery non-water electrolyte. The lithium ion power battery non-water electrolyte is prepared from, by weight, 100 parts of solvents, common lithium salts, 0.2-10 parts of anode film formation additives, 0.2-10 parts of circulation improvement additives and 0.01-0.5 part of acid and water removal additives. The solvents are cyclic carbonic ester and/or chain carbonic ester, and the molar concentration of the common salts in the solvents is 0.8-1.5 mol/L. Due to the combination use of the anode film formation additives, the circulation improvement additives and the acid and water removal additives, during first formation, a CEI film can be formed on the surface of an anode, the stability of a cathode SEI film can be improved, and the normal temperature circulation performance, the high-temperature 45 DEG C circulation performance and the high-temperature storage performance of a power battery can be remarkably improved.

Description

A kind of lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the electrolyte of lithium ion battery, particularly relate to a kind of lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
[background technology]
Due to environmental pollution and energy shortage, oil is the most no longer single energy sources, new green, environmental protection, can The energy technology of sustainable development is at constantly development, such as water energy, wind energy, bioenergy, solar energy etc..It is green that nineteen ninety-five occurs Color high-capacity environment-protecting lithium-ion-power cell, owing to its energy density is high, have extended cycle life, running voltage advantages of higher so that it is become For one of most important electrical source of power.In " 12 " period, the national multinomial policies and measures of intensive appearance, including consumption subsidy, tax Receive preferential, government procurement, technical research, electrically-charging equipment award etc., contain research and development, produce, consume, multiple links such as operation, greatly Power supports new-energy automobile industry.Under such policy support dynamics, China has climbed up the new-energy automobile production and marketing whole world first The position of big country.According to China Association for Automobile Manufacturers's data statistics, within 2015, new-energy automobile yield reaches 34.05 ten thousand, and sales volume reaches 33.11 ten thousand, increase by 3.3 times and 3.4 times the most respectively.New-energy automobile yield development the most startling, meanwhile, lithium The corresponding yield of ion battery and technical merit the most constantly obtain huge lifting.Electrokinetic cell fast development causes abroad Such as U.S. A123, EnerDEl, Jonhson Control (Johnson controls), Japan Sony, Panasonic, NEC, Hitachi, Japan Accumulator company (JSB), France Saft, Korea S LG, SDI, Varta company of Germany and domestic BYD, state pavilion, universal etc. one Criticize battery and Automobile Enterprises is paid close attention to greatly.
The continuous lifting required along with the actual working environment of lithium ion automobile medium power battery, works under room temperature 25 ° Through not meeting the demand of reality, and the operating temperature of major part electrokinetic cell is above 25 °, enters between 45 ° to 60 ° OK, therefore high-temperature cycle life is low is one of maximum bottleneck being increasingly becoming electrokinetic cell application, the lithium used such as electric automobile Ion battery.And the service life of lithium ion battery, capacity attenuation the most under the high temperature conditions, always perplex skill The difficult problem of art personnel.
[summary of the invention]
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the excellent lithium-ion-power cell of a kind of charge-discharge performance Nonaqueous electrolytic solution, not only has good normal-temperature circulating performance, and has 45 ° of high temperature cyclic performances of excellence.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is, a kind of non-water power of lithium-ion-power cell Solve liquid, be made up of solvent, conventional lithium salts, positive pole film for additive, improvement circulation additive and Disacidifying and dewatering additive, each component Content as follows:
Described solvent is cyclic carbonate and/or linear carbonate, and conventional lithium salts molar concentration in a solvent is 0.8-1.5mol/L。
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of above-described lithium ion battery, described cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid third At least one in alkene ester and fluorinated ethylene carbonate or gamma-butyrolacton.
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of above-described lithium ion battery, described linear carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, carbonic acid two At least one in ethyl ester, Ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester.
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of above-described lithium ion battery, described improvement cycle performance additive is fluoro ethylene Alkene ester (FEC), difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), fluoro third At least one in sultones (FPS), acrylic-1,3-sultones (RPS) and sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD).
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of above-described lithium ion battery, described positive pole film for additive is difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB), di-oxalate lithium borate (LiBOB), double (fluoro sulphonyl) imine lithium (LiFSI), difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), At least one in the double oxalic acid lithium phosphate (LiTFOP) of difluoro and tetrafluoro oxalic acid lithium phosphate (LiDFOP).
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of above-described lithium ion battery, described Disacidifying and dewatering additive is hexamethyl two silicon nitrogen Alkane, heptamethyldisilazane, pregnancy basic ring three silazane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-pregnancy basic ring three silazane, three (trimethyl silicanes Alkane) phosphate ester, three (trimethyl silane) phosphite ester, three (trimethyl silane) borate, N, N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N'-DIC, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide, two (trimethyl is silica-based) phosphinylidyne two At least one in imines.
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of above-described lithium ion battery, described conventional lithium salts is LiPF6、LiBF4And LiAsF6In At least one.
Lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention, by positive pole film for additive, improves circulation additive and removes Acid is used in combination except water additive, can form CEI film at positive electrode surface, improve stablizing of negative pole SEI film during first chemical conversion Property, hence it is evident that improve the normal-temperature circulating performance of electrokinetic cell, 45 ° of cycle performances of high temperature and high-temperature storage performance.
[detailed description of the invention]
The lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the embodiment of the present invention, is added by solvent, conventional lithium salts, positive pole film forming Agent, improve cycle performance additive and Disacidifying and dewatering additive composition.Wherein, solvent 100 weight portion；Positive pole film for additive 0.2-10 weight portion；Improve cycle performance additive 0.2-10 weight portion；Disacidifying and dewatering additive 0.01-0.5 weight portion；Solvent For cyclic carbonate and/or linear carbonate, conventional lithium salts molar concentration in a solvent is 0.8-1.5mol/L.
Positive pole film for additive forms stable CEI film at positive electrode surface in chemical conversion and cyclic process, it is possible to reduce In positive pole transition metal ion dissolution and with promote battery high temperature cyclic performance, its formed CEI film in boracic and phosphatization Compound, forms CEI and has preferable heat stability, therefore show preferable high-temperature storage performance and high temperature cyclic performance.
Improving cycle performance additive and have higher reduction potential, the reduction potential on Carbon anode surface all exceedes 1.1Vvs (Li/Li+), can have precedence over solvent and form excellent SEI film at negative pole, improves the compatible of electrolyte and active material Property, and then the chemical property of stabilized electrodes, the normal-temperature circulating performance of battery can be significantly improved, high temperature cyclic performance is had one Fixed help.
Disacidifying and dewatering additive can absorb a small amount of water and HF, reduces due to HF and POF3Deng catalysis, reduce electrolyte divide The high temperature flatulence that solution causes, thus improve high temperature storage and cycle performance.Being used in combination of three of the above additive can be notable Improving anode and negative pole stability, the effectively suppression dissolution of transition metal ion, solvent oxidation are decomposed, thus are improved electrolysis Liquid cycle performance under the high temperature conditions and storage performance.
Conventional lithium salts is LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6In one or more arbitrarily mix, concentration be 0.8～ 1.5mol/L。
Cyclic carbonate be preferably ethylene carbonate (EC), Allyl carbonate (PC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and At least one in gamma-butyrolacton (GBL)；
Linear carbonate is preferably dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), carbonic acid At least one in first propyl ester (MPC) and ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester (EPC).
Improving cycle performance additive is fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC), carbonic acid Asia Vinyl acetate (VC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), fluoropropane sultone (FPS), acrylic-1,3-sultones (RPS) and At least one in sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD).
Positive pole film for additive is difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB), di-oxalate lithium borate (LiBOB), double (fluoro sulphur Acyl) imine lithium (LiFSI), difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), the double oxalic acid lithium phosphate (LiTFOP) of difluoro and tetrafluoro oxalic acid phosphoric acid At least one in lithium (LiDFOP).
Disacidifying and dewatering additive be hexamethyldisiloxane, heptamethyldisilazane, pregnancy basic ring three silazane, 1,2,3, 4,5,6-pregnancy basic ring three silazane, three (trimethyl silane) phosphate ester, three (trimethyl silane) phosphite ester, three (trimethyls Silane) borate, N, N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N'-DIC, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)- At least one in 3-ethyl carbodiimide, two (trimethyl is silica-based) phosphinylidyne diimine.
Embodiment 1
Preparing electrolyte in BRAUN glove box, being full of purity in glove box is the nitrogen of 99.999%, water in glove box Sub-control system is at≤5ppm, and temperature is in room temperature.By 30 grams of EC, 70 grams of EMC, mix homogeneously, seal, put into and refrigerator being treated, it is cooled to After 8 DEG C, it is transferred in glove box, adds LiPF the most in two batches6Being sufficiently mixed, forming conventional lithium salts molar concentration is 1mol/L The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of lithium ion battery, above electrolyte adds LIFSI, the VC of 2 grams of 10 grams, the TMSB of 0.1 gram is equal After even mixing, obtain the lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
The preparation method of other embodiments and comparative example is carried out with reference to the compound method of embodiment 1 below.
Wherein, FEC (CAS:114435-02-8), 1,3,5 penta trimethylsilyl nitriles (4379-04-8), 1,2,3 third trimethylsilyl nitriles (62872-44-0), 1,3,6 hexanes three nitrile (1772-25-4), 1,3 propane sultones (1120-71-4), 1,8 LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 lactone (83-31-8), 1,4 butyl sultones (1633-83-6), 1,4 butyl sultones (CAS:1633-83-6), methane-disulfonic acid Asia The materials such as methyl ester (CAS:99591-74-9), 1,4-butanediol sulfuric ester, acrylic-1,3-sultones (CAS:21806-61-1) Material is purchased from lark prestige Science and Technology Ltd., and DFEC (CAS:311810-76-1), purchased from Su Wei (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., double (fluorine Sulphonyl) imine lithium (LiFSI) is purchased from Suzhou Yacoo Chemical Reagent Corporation.
Table 1: the constituent content table of embodiment 1-5
Table 2: the constituent content table of comparative example 1-3
Performance test
Dry battery core is with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.302 as positive active material, with graphite as negative pole, and microporous polyethylene film Square dry battery core is made for barrier film.Dry battery core is moved into after 80-85 DEG C of oven for drying 48 hours glove box stand-by.Respectively by upper Stating each embodiment and comparative example gained electrolyte injects the dry battery core that above-mentioned drying is good, then stand 24 hours, preliminary filling is once changed Become, sealing, after secondary chemical conversion, obtain embodiment and comparative example experimental cell.
Normal-temperature circulating performance: 1C cycle performance is tested room temperature 25 ± 2 DEG C, to reality under conditions of relative humidity 45-75% Executing example and comparative example experimental cell carries out 3-4.2V cycle performance of battery test, testing procedure is: a.2C constant-current charge is to 4.2V, Then constant-voltage charge is to cut-off current 0.05C；Stand 10 minutes；B.1C constant-current discharge is to 3.0V, stands 10 minutes；C. step is circulated Rapid a and b, cycle-index is 1000 times.Test result sees attached list 1.
High temperature cyclic performance: 1C fills cycle performance soon to be tested room temperature 45 ± 2 DEG C, under conditions of relative humidity 45-75% Embodiment and comparative example experimental cell are carried out 3-4.2V cycle performance of battery test, and testing procedure is: a.2C constant-current charge arrives 4.2V, then constant-voltage charge is to cut-off current 0.05C；Stand 10 minutes；B.1C constant-current discharge is to 3.0V, stands 10 minutes；c. Circulation step a and b, cycle-index is 500 times.Test result sees attached list 1.
High-temperature storage performance is tested, room temperature 25 ± 2 DEG C, to embodiment with compare under conditions of relative humidity 45-75% Example experimental cell carries out 3-4.2V cycle performance of battery test, and testing procedure is: a.1C constant-current charge is to 4.2V, and then constant voltage is filled Electricity tests cell thickness to cut-off current 0.05C；Battery is transferred in 60 DEG C of calorstats by b, tests battery cooling after storing 7 days Rear thickness, calculates cold Thickness Measurement by Microwave expansion rate, calculates capability retention and capacity restoration rate simultaneously.
As can be seen from the above results, positive pole film for additive, circulation additive and Disacidifying and dewatering additive are individually used In one or both when, the high temperature cyclic performance of battery and high-temperature storage performance be unable to reach use requirement, but by three Plant being used in combination of additive, while can reaching to take into account room temperature and high temperature cyclic performance, there is extraordinary high-temperature storage Performance.
Table 2: embodiment and comparative example loop test result
Positive pole film for additive, circulation additive and Disacidifying and dewatering used in the electrolyte of above example of the present invention Additive forms, and can work in coordination with room temperature and the high temperature cyclic performance improving electrokinetic cell, can improve high-temperature storage performance simultaneously, Therefore, the electrolyte system of the present invention has high discharge capacity for power ferrum lithium and ternary battery, and good room temperature, high temperature are fast Fill cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance.
The present invention has such advantages as relative to prior art and effect:
(1) dynamic lithium battery that above example high temperature modification non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell of the present invention prepares is used Room temperature and high temperature cyclic performance are preferable.
(2) dynamic lithium battery that above example high temperature modification non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell of the present invention prepares is used High-temperature storage performance is preferable.
(3) above example non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell moderate cost of the present invention is used.

Claims (7)

1. a lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution, it is characterised in that by solvent, conventional lithium salts, positive pole film for additive, Improving circulation additive and Disacidifying and dewatering additive composition, the content of each component is as follows:
Described solvent is cyclic carbonate and/or linear carbonate, and conventional lithium salts molar concentration in a solvent is 0.8- 1.5mol/L。
Lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described cyclic carbonate For at least one in ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate and fluorinated ethylene carbonate or gamma-butyrolacton.
Lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described linear carbonate For at least one in dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester.
Lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described improvement cyclicity Can additive be fluorinated ethylene carbonate, difluorinated ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, fluoro third At least one in sultones, acrylic-1,3-sultones and sulfuric acid vinyl ester.
Lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described positive pole film forming adds Adding agent is difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, di-oxalate lithium borate, double (fluoro sulphonyl) imine lithium, difluorophosphate, the double oxalic acid phosphorus of difluoro At least one in acid lithium and tetrafluoro oxalic acid lithium phosphate.
Lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Disacidifying and dewatering adds Adding agent is hexamethyldisiloxane, heptamethyldisilazane, pregnancy basic ring three silazane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-pregnancy basic ring three silicon Azane, three (trimethyl silane) phosphate ester, three (trimethyl silane) phosphite ester, three (trimethyl silane) borate, N, N-bis- Cyclohexyl carbon imide, N, N'-DIC, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide, two At least one in (trimethyl is silica-based) phosphinylidyne diimine.
Lithium-ion-power cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described conventional lithium salts is LiPF6、LiBF4And LiAsF6In at least one.
CN201610537304.0A 2016-07-08 2016-07-08 Lithium ion power battery non-water electrolyte Pending CN106025359A (en)

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