CN110336078A - A kind of silicon-based anode electrolyte and lithium-ion-power cell - Google Patents

A kind of silicon-based anode electrolyte and lithium-ion-power cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110336078A
CN110336078A CN201910742417.8A CN201910742417A CN110336078A CN 110336078 A CN110336078 A CN 110336078A CN 201910742417 A CN201910742417 A CN 201910742417A CN 110336078 A CN110336078 A CN 110336078A
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lithium
silicon
additive
electrolyte
based anode
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CN110336078B (en
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刘忠忠
刘伟星
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Shenzhen Tianjin New Energy Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract

It includes: lithium salts, the organic solvent containing fluorinated ether, film for additive, degasification additive and lithium nitrate that the present invention, which discloses a kind of silicon-based anode electrolyte and lithium-ion-power cell, the silicon-based anode electrolyte,;It is characterized in that, the film for additive is difluorophosphate and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI).Lithium salts used in electrolyte is using double fluorine sulfimide lithiums of high conductivity, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium as main component in the present invention, these three lithium salts mixing can higher voltage and at a temperature of work, and difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium can form SEI film in positive and negative anodes simultaneously, even if battery still has good chemical property in the case where not adding other film for additive, and due to the presence of fluorinated ether and adiponitrile, which also has certain oxidation resistance;The presence of degasification additive can reduce battery gas production in cyclic process and during high temperature storage.

Description

A kind of silicon-based anode electrolyte and lithium-ion-power cell
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, in particular to a kind of silicon-based anode electrolyte and lithium ion power electricity Pond.
Background technique
With the gradually development of new-energy automobile, the energy density of current power battery is difficult to meet wanting for automobile height continuation of the journey It asks, in order to improve the energy density of power battery, most of power battery producer is all gradually using the very high silicon of theoretical gram volume Base negative electrode material.Although silicon-based anode has very high theoretical capacity, silicon-based anode is due to having very big volume expansion And the SEI film of negative terminal surface is caused constantly to rupture and formed, therefore its cycle performance is poor.Therefore it is equipped with electrolysis of good performance Liquid is for using the battery of silicon-based anode to be particularly important.The main constituents of currently used power battery electrolyte have Lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, used in lithium salts based on lithium hexafluoro phosphate, organic solvent is mainly ethylene carbonate The carbonates class solvent such as ester, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and common additive be mainly film for additive, it is fire-retardant Additive, overcharging additive, high/low temperature additive and degasification additive, wherein common additive has ethylene carbonate, fluorine For carbonic ester, biphenyl, cyclohexyl benzene and difluorophosphate and sulfuric acid vinyl ester.
At present based on silicon substrate electrolyte lithium salts or lithium hexafluoro phosphate, solvent is with carbonate-based solvent mixing fluoro carbonic acid Based on ethylene ester solvent, such electrolyte is easy constantly to form SEI film during circulating battery, so that battery capacity decaying is very Fastly, the internal resistance of cell constantly increases, and fluorinated ethylene carbonate is easy to happen defluorination reaction at high operating temperatures, generates hydrogen fluoride, More gas can be generated.In order to improve the cycle performance of silicon based anode material,
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of silicon-based anode electrolyte and lithium-ion-power cell. The present invention improves the cycle performance of battery using fluorinated ether, degasification additive and lithium nitrate is added in electrolyte.
To achieve the above object, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of silicon-based anode electrolyte, comprising: lithium salts, the organic solvent containing fluorinated ether, film for additive, degasification additive And lithium nitrate;Wherein, the film for additive is difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI).
As an optimal technical scheme of the invention, the lithium salt is 0.8-3mol/L.
Further, the lithium salt is 0.9-2.5mol/L.
As an optimal technical scheme of the invention, the lithium salts is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), one of difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB) or a variety of.
As an optimal technical scheme of the invention, the organic solvent is by cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, fluoro carbonic acid Ester and fluorinated ether solvents composition, the cyclic carbonate are one kind or two of ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC) Kind, the mass fraction of shared electrolyte is 10%-40%.Preferably, the cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate (EC).
As an optimal technical scheme of the invention, the linear carbonate is methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) one or more of diethyl carbonate (DEC), the mass fraction of shared electrolyte are 20%-50%.It is preferred that , linear carbonate EMC.
As an of the invention optimal technical scheme, the fluoro carbonic ester class based on fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), The 0%-15% of its shared electrolyte quality score, the fluorinated ether be four fluoro ethyl tetrafluoro propyl ether (HFE) of hydrofluoroether and One or both of hexafluoro isopropyl ether (HFPE), the main cosolvent for being lithium nitrate, shared electrolyte quality 1%-10%.
As an optimal technical scheme of the invention, the film for additive content accounts for the 0.5-4% of electrolyte quality.It is preferred that Ground, difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI) mass ratio be 1: 1.
As an of the invention optimal technical scheme, the inhibition flatulence additive be mainly hexamethyldisilazane or oneself Dintrile, the 1-3% of shared electrolyte quality, wherein adiponitrile is also used as high voltage additive, hexamethyldisilazane It can be used to remove water deacidification, reduce the generation of gas in electrolyte.The lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is used as can be in negative terminal surface performance The SEI film that internal resistance is small, has stablized can improve the cyclical stability and coulombic efficiency of battery.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium-ion-power cells, include anode pole piece, cathode pole piece, diaphragm and lithium described above The electrolyte of ion battery, the anode pole piece include aluminum foil current collector and positive diaphragm, and the cathode pole piece includes Copper foil current collector and cathode membrane, the anode diaphragm includes positive active material, conductive agent and binder, the cathode membrane Comprising negative electrode active material, conductive agent and binder, the positive active material is ternary material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM), the negative electrode active material is to aoxidize sub- silicon/C composite (SiO/C).
Using technical solution of the present invention, have the advantages that
(1), in the present invention lithium salts used in electrolyte with double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI) of high conductivity, hexafluorophosphoric acid Lithium (LiPF6), difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB) be main component, these three lithium salts mixing can be in higher voltage and temperature The lower work of degree, and difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB) can form SEI film in positive and negative anodes simultaneously, though do not add it is other at Battery still has good chemical property in the case where film additive, and due to the presence of fluorinated ether and adiponitrile, the electrolysis Liquid also has certain oxidation resistance;
(2), in the present invention in electrolyte outside conventional carbonate solvent also fluorinated ethylene carbonate and fluorinated ether, The film for additive such as fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI) can be formed on negative electrode material surface Stable SEI film, fluorinated ether can promote the dissolution of lithium nitrate, and lithium nitrate can decompose in negative terminal surface, in generation SEI film that is small, having stablized is hindered, and elemental lithium can be provided, the cycle performance and coulombic efficiency of battery can be improved;
(3), the presence of degasification additive can reduce battery gas production in cyclic process and during high temperature storage.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
Power battery electrolyte provided in this embodiment, the mixing lithium salts comprising high stability, containing the organic of fluorinated ether Solvent, wherein lithium salts is double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates (LiODFB) and lithium hexafluoro phosphate, hexafluoro Lithium phosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithiums, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates molar concentration rate be 6: 3: 1, lithium salt 1.1mol/L has Solvent be ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and four fluoro ethyl tetrafluoro propyl ether (HFE) of hydrofluoroether with The ratio of mass ratio 3: 5: 1: 1 mixes.Film for additive is difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI), the quality of two kinds of film for additive accounts for the 2% of electrolyte quality respectively, and degasification additive is hexamethyldisilazane, The 2% of its shared electrolyte quality, lithium nitrate (LiNO3) quality be electrolyte quality 2.5%.
Comparative example 1
Electrolyte used in this implementation does not add lithium nitrate (LiNO3), remaining is identical with electrolyte used in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 2
Power battery electrolyte provided in this embodiment, the mixing lithium salts comprising high stability, containing the organic of fluorinated ether Solvent, wherein lithium salts is double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates (LiODFB) and lithium hexafluoro phosphate, hexafluoro Lithium phosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithiums, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates molar concentration rate be 6: 3: 1, lithium salt 1.5mol/L has Solvent be ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and four fluoro ethyl tetrafluoro propyl ether (HFE) of hydrofluoroether with The ratio of mass ratio 3: 5: 1: 1 mixes.Film for additive is difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI), the quality of two kinds of film for additive accounts for the 2% of electrolyte quality respectively, and degasification additive is hexamethyldisilazane, The 2% of its shared electrolyte quality, the quality of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) are the 2.5% of electrolyte quality.
Comparative example 2
Electrolyte used in the present embodiment does not add film for additive, remaining is identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 3
Power battery electrolyte provided in this embodiment, the mixing lithium salts comprising high stability, containing the organic of fluorinated ether Solvent, wherein lithium salts is double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates (LiODFB) and lithium hexafluoro phosphate, hexafluoro Lithium phosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithiums, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates molar concentration rate be 8: 1: 1, lithium salt 1.1mol/L has Solvent be ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and four fluoro ethyl tetrafluoro propyl ether (HFE) of hydrofluoroether with The ratio of mass ratio 4: 4: 1.5: 0.5 mixes.Film for additive is difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI), the quality of two kinds of film for additive accounts for the 2% of electrolyte quality respectively, and degasification additive is hexamethyldisilazane, The 2% of its shared electrolyte quality, lithium nitrate (LiNO3) quality be 2.5%
Comparative example 3
Electrolyte used in the present embodiment does not add degasification additive, remaining is identical with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 4
Power battery electrolyte provided in this embodiment, the mixing lithium salts comprising high stability, containing the organic of fluorinated ether Solvent, wherein lithium salts is double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates (LiODFB) and lithium hexafluoro phosphate, hexafluoro Lithium phosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithiums, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates molar concentration rate be 6: 1: 3, lithium salt 1.1mol/L has Solvent be ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and four fluoro ethyl tetrafluoro propyl ether (HFE) of hydrofluoroether with The ratio of mass ratio 3: 5: 1: 1 mixes.Film for additive is difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI), the quality of two kinds of film for additive accounts for the 2% of electrolyte quality respectively, and degasification additive is hexamethyldisilazane, The 2% of its shared electrolyte quality, lithium nitrate (LiNO3) quality be 5%
Comparative example 4
The present embodiment does not add fluorinated ethylene carbonate, remaining with it is identical in embodiment 4.
Embodiment 5
Power battery electrolyte provided in this embodiment, the mixing lithium salts comprising high stability, containing the organic of fluorinated ether Solvent, wherein lithium salts is double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates (LiODFB) and lithium hexafluoro phosphate, hexafluoro Lithium phosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithiums, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates molar concentration rate be 6: 1: 3, lithium salt 1.1mol/L has Solvent be ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and four fluoro ethyl tetrafluoro propyl ether (HFE) of hydrofluoroether with The ratio of mass ratio 3: 5: 1: 1 mixes.Film for additive is difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI), the quality of two kinds of film for additive accounts for the 2% of electrolyte quality respectively, and degasification additive is hexamethyldisilazane, The 2% of its shared electrolyte quality, lithium nitrate (LiNO3) quality be 10%
Comparative example 5
Degasification additive added by the present embodiment is adiponitrile, remaining is same as Example 5.
Embodiment 6
Power battery electrolyte provided in this embodiment, the mixing lithium salts comprising high stability, containing the organic of fluorinated ether Solvent, wherein lithium salts is double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates (LiODFB) and lithium hexafluoro phosphate, hexafluoro Lithium phosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithiums, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates molar concentration rate are as follows: 8: 1: 1, lithium salt 1.1mol/L, Organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and hexafluoro isopropyl ether (HFPE) with mass ratio 5 : 3: 1: 1 ratio mixing.Film for additive is difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI), two kinds The quality of film for additive accounts for the 2% of electrolyte quality respectively, and degasification additive is hexamethyldisilazane, shared electrolyte The 2% of quality, lithium nitrate (LiNO3) quality be 2.5%
Comparative example 6
The present embodiment does not add fluorinated ether, remaining is same as Example 6.
The middle electrolyte of electrolyte configured in Examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1-6 is separately added into the Soft Roll prepared In battery core, soft-package battery rated capacity is 10Ah, and the positive active material of the battery core is LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM), institute Negative electrode active material is stated to aoxidize sub- silicon/carbon composite.It is prepared being injected with the electrolyte of embodiment 1-6 and comparative example 1-6 Good battery takes away after chemical conversion, partial volume and OCV test and does following test:
1) normal-temperature circulating performance is tested: at 25 DEG C, the battery after partial volume being charged to 4.2V, cut-off electricity by 1C constant current constant voltage 0.05C is flowed, then by 1C constant-current discharge to 2.75V, the battery mean voltage of 1C electric discharge for the first time is recorded, recycles according to this, and calculate the 500th Capacity retention ratio after secondary circulation.
2) 55 DEG C/1C high temperature discharge: at 25 DEG C by battery by 1C charge and discharge it is primary, cut-off current 0.02C, record 25 DEG C Lower 1C discharge capacity.Then it is full of by 1C constant current constant voltage, full electric battery is placed in 55 DEG C of insulating box after shelving 6 hours, is pressed 1C is discharged to 3.0V, 1C discharge capacity at 55 DEG C of record.
3) -20 DEG C/1C high temperature discharge: at 25 DEG C by battery by 1C charge and discharge it is primary, cut-off current 0.02C, record 25 1C discharge capacity at DEG C.Then it is full of, full electric battery is placed in -20 DEG C of insulating box after shelving 6 hours by 1C constant current constant voltage, 3.0V, 1C discharge capacity at -20 DEG C of record are discharged to by 1C.
And the composition battery testing the data obtained of the electrolyte of embodiment 1-6 and comparative example 1-6 is as shown in table 1 and table 2:
It can be seen from the data in the table that the presence of fluorinated ether and lithium nitrate may make circulating battery 500 enclose after still have it is higher Capacity retention ratio, and can be improved the first charge discharge efficiency of battery, nitric acid lithium content it is influenced it is smaller, and the battery in high temperature and The discharge capacity of low temperature all meets the requirements.
Table 1
Table 2
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all at this Under the inventive concept of invention, using equivalent transformation made by present specification, or directly/it is used in other correlations indirectly Technical field be included in scope of patent protection of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of silicon-based anode electrolyte, comprising: lithium salts, the organic solvent containing fluorinated ether, film for additive, degasification additive and Lithium nitrate;It is characterized in that, the film for additive is difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2) and pentafluorophenyl group isocyanates (PFPI).
2. silicon-based anode electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lithium salt is 0.8-3mol/L.
3. silicon-based anode electrolyte according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the lithium salt is 0.9-2.5mol/ L。
4. silicon-based anode electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lithium salts is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), one of difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB) or a variety of.
5. silicon-based anode electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the organic solvent by cyclic carbonate, Linear carbonate, fluoro carbonic ester and fluorinated ether solvents composition, the cyclic carbonate are ethylene carbonate (EC), carbonic acid third The one or two of enester (PC), the mass fraction of shared electrolyte are 10%-40%;
The linear carbonate be one of methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) diethyl carbonate (DEC) or A variety of, the mass fraction of shared electrolyte is 20%-50%.
6. silicon-based anode electrolyte according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the fluoro carbonic ester class is fluoro carbon Vinyl acetate (FEC), the 0%-15% of shared electrolyte quality score.
7. silicon-based anode electrolyte according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the fluorinated ether is hydrofluoroether tetrafluoro second One or both of base tetrafluoro propyl ether (HFE) and hexafluoro isopropyl ether (HFPE), the 1%- of shared electrolyte quality 10%.
8. silicon-based anode electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the film for additive content accounts for electrolyte The 0.5-4% of quality.
9. silicon-based anode electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the inhibition flatulence additive is hexamethyl Disilazane or adiponitrile, the 1-3% of shared electrolyte quality.
10. a kind of lithium-ion-power cell, described in any item comprising anode pole piece, cathode pole piece, diaphragm and claim 1-9 Silicon-based anode electrolyte, the anode pole piece include aluminum foil current collector and positive diaphragm, and the cathode pole piece includes copper foil afflux Body and cathode membrane, the anode diaphragm include positive active material, conductive agent and binder, and the cathode membrane includes cathode Active material, conductive agent and binder, the positive active material are ternary material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM), described Negative electrode active material is to aoxidize sub- silicon/C composite (SiO/C).
CN201910742417.8A 2019-08-09 2019-08-09 Silicon-based negative electrode electrolyte and lithium ion power battery Expired - Fee Related CN110336078B (en)

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