CN104409771B - Nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether-containing electrolyte and lithium secondary battery - Google Patents
Nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether-containing electrolyte and lithium secondary battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104409771B CN104409771B CN201410637794.2A CN201410637794A CN104409771B CN 104409771 B CN104409771 B CN 104409771B CN 201410637794 A CN201410637794 A CN 201410637794A CN 104409771 B CN104409771 B CN 104409771B
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- hydrofluoroether
- electrolyte
- lithium
- ethyl
- nitrile ethyl
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether-containing electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery, the electrolyte includes an electrolyte lithium salt, nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether, a non-aqueous organic solvent and additives, the nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether has a structure general formula of CNCH2CHR1-O-R2, wherein R1 is any one of H, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, OCH3, OC2H5, OC3H7, OCH2CH2OCH3 and OCH2CH2OCH2CH3; and R2 is a fluorine-containing alkyl with the number of carbon atoms of 1-10. The fluorocarbon chain group is conducive to the improvement of compatibility of nitrile compounds and graphite anode, reduction of irreversible electrochemical reaction of the electrolyte on graphite anode surface and improvement of the battery coulombic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery preparation field is and in particular to a kind of electrolyte and one containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether
Plant lithium secondary battery.
Background technology
Lithium secondary battery has operating voltage height, specific energy density is big, have extended cycle life, self-discharge rate is low, memoryless effect
Should and the advantages of environmental pollution is little, have been widely used for all kinds of consumer electronicses markets, be also following electric vehicle and each
Plant the ideal power source of electric tool.Constantly promote with lithium secondary battery practical ranges, secondary to high-energy density lithium
The demand of battery is more and more urgent, and the energy density of battery is played and two factors of operating voltage by electrode material gram volume mainly
Impact.Lithium secondary battery voltage range using ternary material or lithium cobaltate cathode is 3.0～4.2v at present, is just ensureing
On the basis of pole material structure is stable, lithium ion battery work upper voltage limit is improved (for example improve to 4.35v and more than), can
Played with the gram volume effectively improving electrode material, thus improving the energy density of lithium ion battery.In addition, with energy storage and moving
The developing rapidly of power battery, the security of battery gradually receives much concern.
On the one hand the application of high-voltage anode material can significantly improve the specific energy of monomer lithium ion battery, but simultaneously
Bring the negative effect of other side, wherein more noticeable is the interface stability sex chromosome mosaicism between positive pole/electrolyte.
Now widely used carbonate solvent, when charging voltage is higher than more than 4.5v, easily gradually occurs oxidation anti-in electrode surface
Should, lead to electrolyte dry-out, the internal resistance of cell increases, and this process generates along with a large amount of gaseous by-product so that inner pressure of battery is acute
Increase.These factors make the service life serious curtailment of battery, or even the potential safety hazard bringing sternness.
For this problem, industry mainly selects to add suitable additive in the electrolytic solution, to reach stable interface, changes
The purpose of kind battery correlated performance.For example in the electrolytic solution using the interpolation containing " double itrile group " (cn 103441303a etc.) in right amount
Agent, by the complexing of itrile group and transition metal, to reduce oxidation susceptibility and the catalytic effect of transition metal, from
And stablize the interface of positive pole/electrolyte.But itrile group class compound is poor with graphite compatibility, the cycle performance band to battery
To affect, to be not suitable for high-load and add use.
Content of the invention
The primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether and a kind of lithium secondary battery,
This electrolyte has superior oxidation resistent susceptibility and security performance, makes lithium secondary battery have superior following under high voltage condition
Ring, high-temperature storage and security performance.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether, including electrolyte lithium salt, nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether, non-aqueous organic solvent
And additive, wherein: described nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether general structure is: cnch2chr1-o-r2, wherein: r1For h, ch3、c2h5、
c3h7、c4h9、och3、oc2h5、oc3h7、och2ch2och3、och2ch2och2ch3Any one；r2For containing of carbon number 1～10
Fluoroalkyl.
r2For cf3、cf3ch2、cf2hch2、cf3cf2、cf2hcf2ch2、cf3cfhcf2、cf3cf2ch2、cf3cf2cf2、
hcf2cf2cf2ch2、cf2hcf2cf2cf2、(ch2f)2ch、(cf3)3c、cf3(cf2cf2)2cf2、hcf2cf2och2ch2ch2Appoint
A kind of.
Described electrolyte lithium salt concentration in the electrolytic solution is 0.5-2mol/l, and described nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether is in the electrolytic solution
Weight/mass percentage composition be 0.1%～80%, the consumption of described additive is the 0.1-10.0% of organic solvent weight.
Described electrolyte lithium salt concentration in the electrolytic solution is 0.7～1.5mol/l；Described nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether is in electrolysis
Weight/mass percentage composition in liquid is 0.5%～50%；Described additive weight/mass percentage composition in the electrolytic solution be 0.5%～
7%.
Described non-aqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, carbonic acid first
Ethyl ester, gamma-butyrolacton, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate
One of and more than.
Described electrolyte lithium salt is libf4、lipf6、lipf2o2、liasf6、liclo4、liso3cf3、lib(c2o4)2、
libf2c2o4、lin(so2cf3)2、lin(so2f)2One kind and more than.
Described additive is vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, two fluoro ethylene carbonates
Ester, PS, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-butyl sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, sulfuric acid propylene, ethylene sulfite and sulfurous acid third
One of alkene ester and more than.
A kind of lithium secondary battery: include positive plate, the electrolysis containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether of negative plate, barrier film and the present invention
Liquid, positive plate includes embedding/positive electrode active materials of deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, by described positive electrode active materials and
The bonding agent that conductive agent is combined with described collector；Negative plate include embedding or deintercalate lithium ions negative active core-shell material,
Conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described negative active core-shell material and conductive agent are combined with described collector.
Described positive electrode active materials include the metal oxide of lithium and metallic element mg, al, ti, sn, v, ge, ga, b, zr,
One or more of cr, fe, sr and rare earth element；Described negative active core-shell material includes lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, no
Sizing carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon and soft carbon.
Positive electrode active materials also include polyanion lithium compound limx (po4) y, and described m is ni, co, mn, fe, ti and v
Any one, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5)；Crystalline carbon in described negative active core-shell material include native graphite, graphitized coke,
One of graphitization mcmb, graphitized intermediate-phase asphalt-based carbon fiber and more than；Described lithium alloy is lithium and aluminium, zinc, silicon,
Tin, gallium, the alloy of any one metal of antimony.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
(1) fluorocarbon chain and graphite cathode have good compatibility, can be effectively improved itrile group class organic compound in stone
The irreversible electrochemical reducting reaction of black base negative terminal surface, improves first all coulombic efficiency of battery.
(2) fluorocarbon chain has significant surface-active effect and hypopolarization, can effectively reduce the viscous of nitrile-based compound
Degree and wellability, shorten the fluid injection time of lithium secondary battery, improve homogeneity and the stability that negative terminal surface forms sei film, carry
The multiplying power of high battery and cycle performance.
(3) nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether has higher homo energy level, that is, embody higher oxidizing potential, in addition " itrile group " with
" ether " can be complexed with transition metal ions, thus effectively suppression organic solvent reacts in the irreversible oxidation of positive electrode surface.
Thus improving the oxidation resistance of electrolyte, improve battery cycle performance under high voltages, and reduce battery and store up in high temperature
Inflatable rate under dis environment, hoist capacity recovery rate.
Specific embodiment
Below by exemplary embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated；But the scope of the present invention should not be limited to
In the scope of embodiment, any change without departing from present subject matter or change can be understood by the person skilled in the art,
All within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether
Nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether bibliography prepares (q.wang, et al., j.power sources, 2005,146:813).
Chemical constitution is passed through1H-nmr and19F-nmr determines, purity is confirmed by gas-chromatography, and product purity is more than 99.95%.
(2) preparation of electrolyte
(h in the glove box of argon atmosphere2O < 1ppm), organic solvent is in mass ratio ec (ethylene carbonate): dmc
(dimethyl carbonate): emc (methyl ethyl carbonate)=30: 30:40 and lipf6(1.0m) mix, cnch2ch2och(cf3)2And vc
(vinylene carbonate) accounts for the 5% and 1% of gross weight respectively.Above-mentioned each raw material is sequentially added, stirs, that is, obtain
Lithium secondary cell electrolyte of the present invention (free acid < 15ppm, moisture < 10ppm).Prepared electrolyte is used for fire-retardant
Test and battery performance test, test result is summarized in table 1.
(3) preparation of anode pole piece
The Kynoar (pvdf) that mass percent is 3% is dissolved in 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone solution, by matter
The licoo of amount percentage 94%2Add above-mentioned solution and mix with 3% conductive agent carbon black, the slurry being blended is coated with
Behind the two sides of aluminium foil, after drying, rolling, obtain anode pole piece.
(4) preparation of cathode pole piece
The sbr binding agent that mass percent is 4%, mass percent is that 1% cmc thickener is dissolved in the aqueous solution,
The graphite that mass percent is 95% adds above-mentioned solution, mixes, the slurry being blended is coated on behind the two sides of Copper Foil,
Cathode pole piece is obtained after drying, rolling.
(5) preparation of lithium secondary battery
The anode pole piece of above-mentioned preparation, cathode pole piece and barrier film are made square electric cell with winding method, using polymerization
Thing is packed, and irrigates the electrolyte of above-mentioned preparation, makes the lithium secondary battery that capacity is 1600mah after the techniques such as chemical conversion.
(6) battery performance is surveyed
Cycle performance is tested, and carries out charge and discharge cycles test, blanking voltage with the multiplying power of 0.5/0.5c discharge and recharge to battery
Interval is 3.0～4.5v.High-temperature storage performance is tested, and will be melted into the battery finishing under normal temperature state with 0.5c discharge and recharge first
Once, then with 0.5c will be fully charged for battery after carry out High temperature storage, after battery cools down completely, the battery of taking-up is entered with 0.5c
Row discharge test.
Embodiment 2
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is cnch2ch2och(cf3)2Addition be 0.5%.
Embodiment 3
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is cnch2ch2och(cf3)2Addition be 2%.
Embodiment 4
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is cnch2ch2och(cf3)2Use as main solvent, solvent
Ratio is ec (ethylene carbonate): dmc (dimethyl carbonate): emc (methyl ethyl carbonate): cnch2ch2och(cf3)2=30: 30:
30:10.
Embodiment 5
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is cnch2ch2och(cf3)2Use as main solvent, solvent
Ratio is ec (ethylene carbonate): dmc (dimethyl carbonate): cnch2ch2och(cf3)2=30: 40:30.
Embodiment 6-15
In addition to following table parameter, other specification and preparation method are with embodiment 1.
Table 1 embodiment 6-15
Embodiment 16
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is licoo2Positive pole is replaced by lini0.5co0.3mn0.2o2.
Embodiment 17
Identical with the technique of embodiment 6, difference is licoo2Positive pole is replaced by lini0.5co0.3mn0.2o2.
Embodiment 18
Identical with the technique of embodiment 9, difference is licoo2Positive pole is replaced by lini0.3co0.3mn0.3o2.
Table 2 embodiment and the test result of comparative example
Can be seen that interpolation nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether electrolyte from the result of embodiment 1～18 and comparative example 1～2 permissible
It is effectively improved cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of high voltage lithium secondary battery, including the capacity restoration improving after high-temperature storage
Rate and reduction inflatable rate.From embodiment 1～5, the result of embodiment 10 and comparative example 3 can be seen that in electrolyte and suitably carries
The content of high nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether, can be effectively improved the cycle performance of battery and reduce inflatable rate, but work as nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine
When ether content reaches 60% content, because electrolyte system viscosity increases, the capacity of battery is led to play impacted.
The above is only illustrating of the possible embodiments for the present invention, but this embodiment and be not used to limit the present invention
The scope of the claims, all equivalence enforcements done without departing from thinking of the present invention or change, be intended to be limited solely by the scope of the claims of the present invention
In.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether, including electrolyte lithium salt, nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether, non-aqueous organic solvent and
Additive, wherein: described nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether general structure is: cnch2chr1-o-r2, wherein: r1For ch3、c2h5、c3h7、
c4h9、och3、oc2h5、oc3h7、och2ch2och3、och2ch2och2ch3Any one；r2For cf3、cf3ch2、cf2hch2、
cf3cf2、cf2hcf2ch2、cf3cfhcf2、cf3cf2ch2、cf3cf2cf2、hcf2cf2cf2ch2、cf2hcf2cf2cf2、(ch2f)2ch、(cf3)3c、cf3(cf2cf2)2cf2、hcf2cf2och2ch2ch2Any one.
2. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether according to claim 1, wherein: described electrolyte lithium salt is in electrolyte
In concentration be 0.5-2mol/l, described nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether weight/mass percentage composition in the electrolytic solution be 0.1%～80%, institute
The consumption stating additive is the 0.1-10.0% of organic solvent weight.
3. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether according to claim 2, wherein: described electrolyte lithium salt is in electrolyte
In concentration be 0.7～1.5mol/l；Described nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether weight/mass percentage composition in the electrolytic solution be 0.5%～
50%；Described additive weight/mass percentage composition in the electrolytic solution is 0.5%～7%.
4. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether according to claim 1, wherein: described non-aqueous organic solvent is carbonic acid
Vinyl acetate, propene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, methyl acetate, acetic acid second
One of ester, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate and more than.
5. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether according to claim 1, wherein: described electrolyte lithium salt is libf4、
lipf6、lipf2o2、liasf6、liclo4、liso3cf3、lib(c2o4)2、libf2c2o4、lin(so2cf3)2、lin(so2f)2's
A kind of and more than.
6. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether according to claim 1, wherein: described additive is vinylene carbonate
Ester, vinylethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, difluorinated ethylene carbonate, PS, in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-fourth sulfonic acid
Ester, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, sulfuric acid propylene, one of ethylene sulfite and propylene sulfite and more than.
7. a kind of lithium secondary battery: include positive plate, negative plate, barrier film and described in any one of claim 1-6 containing nitrile second
The electrolyte of base hydrofluoroether, positive plate includes embedding/positive electrode active materials of deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, will be described
The bonding agent that positive electrode active materials and conductive agent are combined with described collector；Negative plate includes embedding or deintercalate lithium ions
Negative active core-shell material, conductive agent, collector, the combination that described negative active core-shell material and conductive agent are combined with described collector
Agent.
8. lithium secondary battery according to claim 7, described positive electrode active materials include metal oxide and the metal of lithium
One or more of element mg, al, ti, sn, v, ge, ga, b, zr, cr, fe, sr and rare earth element；Described negative electrode active material
Material includes lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, agraphitic carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon and soft carbon.
9. lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, described positive electrode active materials also include polyanion lithium compound limx
(po4)y, described m is any one of ni, co, mn, fe, ti, v, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5；Knot in described negative active core-shell material
Brilliant carbon include one of native graphite, graphitized coke, graphitization mcmb, graphitized intermediate-phase asphalt-based carbon fiber and more than；
Described lithium alloy is lithium and aluminium, zinc, silicon, tin, gallium, the alloy of any one metal of antimony.
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| CN104900916A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-09 | 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 | Electrolyte solution for high-capacity lithium-ion battery, preparation method and lithium-ion battery |
| CN109713367B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2022-02-22 | 安普瑞斯（南京）有限公司 | Silicon-containing high-energy-density lithium ion battery |
| ES2934127T3 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2023-02-17 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd | Secondary battery, electrolyte and device containing said secondary battery |
| CN112768774B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-04-22 | 湖南科技大学 | Electrolyte containing nitrile compound, preparation method thereof and lithium secondary battery |
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| KR101041722B1 (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2011-06-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Electrolyte comprising eutectic mixture with nitrile compound and electrochemical device containing the same |
| KR101178554B1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2012-08-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Non-aqueous electrolyte solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
| JPWO2011136226A1 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2013-07-22 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte for secondary battery and secondary battery |
| CN104051784A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-09-17 | 东莞市凯欣电池材料有限公司 | Lithium secondary battery electrolyte, preparation method of lithium secondary battery electrolyte as well as lithium secondary battery |
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Address after: 523000 Guangdong province Dongguan city Dongguan Ecological Industrial Park Xingye Road Patentee after: Dongguan City Kai Xin battery material Co., Ltd Address before: 523000 Guangdong province Dongguan City Chashan Town Ecological Industrial Park Industrial Road Patentee before: Dongguan City Kai Xin battery material Co., Ltd |
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