CN106442634B - Field sensitive type Spark gap material testing art based on coaxial test device - Google Patents
Field sensitive type Spark gap material testing art based on coaxial test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442634B CN106442634B CN201611112249.7A CN201611112249A CN106442634B CN 106442634 B CN106442634 B CN 106442634B CN 201611112249 A CN201611112249 A CN 201611112249A CN 106442634 B CN106442634 B CN 106442634B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of field sensitive type Spark gap material testing art based on coaxial test device, includes the following steps：Test material is placed in the coaxial test device by insulating Design by the first step；Second step applies field strength using test material of the high-frequency noise simulator into coaxial test device；Third step, the waveform of observation oscilloscope change judgement material phase-change characteristic according to waveform, obtain phase transformation field strength threshold value and the response time of material, complete test.High-frequency noise simulator provides square-wave signal input for test macro；To avoid high field from causing material surface to discharge by force, test macro uses the coaxial holder Jing Guo insulating Design；Since the voltage value of output square wave reaches upper kilovolt, the voltage tolerance range of oscillograph only has tens volts, therefore need to connect the attenuator of relevant parameter between test device and oscillograph, finally, by oscilloscope display output waveform, phase transformation field strength threshold value and the response time of measured material are determined by the waveform of observation oscilloscope.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electromagnetic compatibility experimental technique field more particularly to a kind of field sensitive types based on coaxial test device
Spark gap material testing art.
Background technique
Ideal field sensitive type ring border self-adaptive electromagnetic pulse protective materials is insulating materials in low field intensity, to electricity
Magnetic wave does not have shielding action, and when being interfered or attacking by external strong electromagnetic pulse, i.e., external electromagnetic field significantly increases suddenly
When adding and be more than certain critical field strength, due to the distinctive electrochemistry of material and energy-structure feature, external electromagnetic can be perceived
The variation of environment, can occur insulation/conduction phase transition phenomena in micro- nanoseconds, and conductivity promotes 102~105The order of magnitude makes
Highly conductive metalloid material usually is rapidly gone to for the material of insulator, high reflection and shielding are generated to external electromagnetic wave, it will
Strong electromagnetic pulse energy barrier is except protective casing, and after external disturbance and attack high field disappear, material is restored to original
State solves the contradiction between electronics normal work and high field protection.And the electromagnetism based on this working mechanism development
Protective materials can be undergone phase transition within the time of micro-nano second, can not be known without accordingly testing, and this kind of electromagnetism
Protective materials itself belongs to new material, and how to test its insulator under strong electromagnetic pulse/conductor phase transition performance does not have phase also
Close report.
In phase transition process of the insulator to conductor occurs, dynamic property will be reflected directly in electromagnetic pulse material
On shield effectiveness.Before phase transformation, material is insulator, does not almost play any shielding action to electromagnetic pulse, and electromagnetic pulse will
Pass through shield；After phase transition, material is conductor, will play very big shielding action to electromagnetic pulse.Therefore, it estimates
Greatly variation will occur for field induced phase transition material its Electro-Magnetic pulse Shielding efficiency after before phase change.It is shielded and is imitated by test material
Can, it can realize to material with the presence or absence of the quick judgement of phase transition phenomena and preliminary assessment.
The Materials ' Shielding Effectiveness test method such as window technique, coaxial method that existing standard provides can only obtain under the conditions of continuous wave
The frequency domain mask efficiency of material, and to high-power electromagnetic impulse disturbances effect studies have shown that only with the frequency domain screen of shielding material
Its shield effectiveness to time domain pulsed field can't be characterized completely by covering efficiency.Research both domestic and external is by time domain arteries and veins first at present
It is punched in the waveform parameter of shielding front and back（Rising edge, pulsewidth and peak value etc.）On variation and the variation of energy define electromagnetism arteries and veins
Time domain shield effectiveness is rushed, the value of time domain shield effectiveness is then obtained by direct or indirect means.Directly means include：It adopts
With the method for the radiant types antenna such as TEM electromagnetic horn, the method for electromagnetic pulse simulator based on fibre-optic transmission system (FOTS), use
The method and " Specimen Method " etc. of the room TEM or the room GTEM；Indirect means are then mainly the value of known frequency domain mask efficiency, are passed through
The method of the progress waveform reconstruction such as minimum phase method or vector fitting.
Above test method has a premise, that is, there is no phase occurs in entire test process for the material tested
Become, and part measurement method is to carry out under feeble field or continuous wave environment, therefore the above method is not fully suitable for field
The test for causing phase-change material, needs to improve design.
Summary of the invention
The field sensitive type electromagnetic pulse based on coaxial test device that technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of
Protective materials test method tests measured material by using this method, solves existing method and is not suitable for field sensitive
The problem of type microwave defense material phase transition performance is tested.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：A kind of field based on coaxial test device
Responsive type Spark gap material testing art, using the novel coaxial test device Jing Guo insulating Design to test material into
Row test.Test macro includes high-frequency noise simulator, novel coaxial test device, attenuator and oscillograph, and the high frequency is made an uproar
Acoustical simulation signal output end connects coaxial test device signal input port by coaxial cable, and the test device signal is defeated
Exit port connects attenuator, and attenuator signal output end connects oscilloscope signal end, and test method includes the following steps：
The first step, by test material fixture in coaxial test device；
Second step applies pulse voltage using test material of the high-frequency noise simulator into test device；
Third step, the waveform of observation oscilloscope, and according to waveform judgement material phase-change characteristic, calculate phase transformation field strength threshold value and
Response time completes test.
The coaxial device, including broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder, plexiglass cylinder, end cap and reinforcing annulus, institute
It states plexiglass cylinder both ends and is embedded in end cap respectively, broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder is supported horizontally in plexiglass cylinder,
And fixed through the both ends of end cap by means respectively of annulus is reinforced, broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder includes leading in coaxial mounted
Body and outer conductor, inner conductor by means of PTFE medium supporter coaxial support in outer conductor axially extending bore, it is described outer
Conductor includes symmetrically arranged outer conductor supporting section, outer conductor left connection part and outer conductor right connection part, outer conductor left connection part
It is connected with outer conductor right connection part coaxial threaded, two sections of outer conductor supporting sections are respectively and fixedly installed to outer conductor left connection part left end
With outer conductor right connection part right end, the inner conductor includes the inner conductor left connection part and inner conductor right connection part axially docked,
PTFE medium supporter, inner conductor right connection are installed between inner conductor left connection part and the inner hole of outer conductor left connection part
Section and outer conductor are by installing PTFE medium supporter, the left end of inner conductor left connection part and interior between the inner hole of linkage section
The right end of conductor right connection part docks inner conductor linkage section respectively.
The outer conductor supporting section side wall is equipped with radial through-hole, is respectively provided with and is used in the plexiglass cylinder both ends of the surface
The first annular groove of O-ring seals is installed, the inner face for reinforcing annulus is equipped with second for installing O-ring seals
Ring-shaped groove is reinforced annulus (1) and is connect with the threaded one end that outer conductor supporting section is pierced by end cap.
The inner conductor outer diameter is 5.65mm, and outer conductor diameter of bore is 13mm, broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder end
It is connect using N-type coaxial connector with coaxial cable.
The impedance of coaxial line is 50 at the Support Position of PTFE medium supporter between outer conductor and inner conductor
Ω digs an annular groove on Supporting Media and air interface, forms small inductor to compensate discontinuity capacitance, annular groove
Depth and width be respectively 0.46mm and 3.42mm.
Generated beneficial effect by adopting the above technical scheme is：
（1）Clock uses high-frequency noise simulative generator, can generate peak value≤4.1kV, rising time < 1ns,
The optional square-wave pulse of pulsewidth.The generator carries protective device, it is ensured that after material is undergone phase transition as conductor, even if
Pulse total reflection is returned, and clock will not be broken.
（2）Coaxial test device is the coaxial holder by insulating Design, is had by that can fill the closed of high-voltage isulation gas
Machine glass cylinder and the coaxial holder being placed in one form.The test device frequency domain is functional：Upper limiting frequency 10.23GHz,
Within the scope of 0 ~ 8GHz, return loss is less than 20dB, can effectively transmit electromagnetic pulse.Meanwhile the test device is with larger
Dynamic range：It is 10V ~ 4.1kV, the electric field strength range being computed inside coaxial device that clock, which exports peak impulse voltage,
About 2kV/m ~ 871kV/m.Due to the more doped metal ions of field sensitive type Spark gap material internal, in coaxial holder
It is easy to cause material surface to discharge when by strong electromagnetic pulse and influences the judgement of material phase transformation performance, and in novel coaxial fixture
It is insulation gas filled, this phenomenon can be effectively avoided, guarantee within the scope of Larger Dynamic to material under strong electromagnetic pulse
Phase-change characteristic is accurately measured.
（3）This method can be convenient ground judgement material phase transition phenomena, calculate material phase transformation field strength threshold value and response time.Material
Material is dielectric before non-phase transformation, the transmission of electromagnetic pulse is not influenced in coaxial holder, so showing on oscillograph
Waveform should be consistent with clock output waveform；Material is the conductor with certain conductivity after phase transformation, to electromagnetic pulse
With certain shield effectiveness, therefore the waveform shown on oscillograph will change, according to the input arteries and veins at variation moment
It rushes voltage peak material phase transformation field strength threshold value is calculated with can be convenient, and can be measured to obtain material according to the waveform after variation
The response time of material.Oscillograph is up to the sample rate of 20GHz, can differentiate the rising edge of ps magnitude, it is sufficient to tracking measurement material
The phase transformation response time.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is process for using figure of the invention；
Fig. 2 is test principle block diagram；
Fig. 3 is coaxial test device structural schematic diagram；
Wherein：1, annulus is reinforced；2, end cap；3, plexiglass cylinder；4, outer conductor supporting section；5, inner conductor linkage section；
6, PTFE medium supporter；7, outer conductor left connection part；8, inner conductor left connection part；9, outer conductor right connection part；10,
Inner conductor right connection part；11, aeration aperture；12, air gauge mounting hole；13, first annular groove；14, the second ring-shaped groove.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the technical solution in the present invention is specifically described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
It is a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill
Personnel's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can be with
Implemented using other than the one described here other way, those skilled in the art can be without prejudice to intension of the present invention
In the case of do similar popularization, therefore the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention discloses a kind of field sensitive type Spark gap material based on coaxial test device
Test method, using test macro（Referring to attached drawing 2）Test material is tested, test macro includes high-frequency noise simulation
Device, novel coaxial test device, attenuator and oscillograph, the high-frequency noise simulator signal output end are connected by coaxial cable
Coaxial test device signal input port is connect, the test device signal output port connects attenuator, attenuator signal output
End connection oscilloscope signal end, test method include the following steps：
The first step, by test material fixture in coaxial test device；
Second step applies pulse voltage using test material of the high-frequency noise simulator into test device；
Third step, the waveform of observation oscilloscope, and according to waveform judgement material phase-change characteristic, calculate phase transformation field strength threshold value and
Response time completes test.
The test device（Referring to attached drawing 3）Including broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder, plexiglass cylinder 3,2 and of end cap
Annulus 1 is reinforced, 3 both ends of plexiglass cylinder are embedded in end cap 2 respectively, and broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder, which is supported horizontally on, to be had
Both ends in machine glass cylinder and through end cap are fixed by means respectively of annulus 1 is reinforced, and broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder includes
Coaxial mounted inner conductor and outer conductor, inner conductor is by means of 6 coaxial support of PTFE medium supporter in outer conductor axis
Into through-hole, the outer conductor includes symmetrically arranged outer conductor supporting section 4, outer conductor left connection part 7 and the right connection of outer conductor
Section 9, outer conductor left connection part 7 is connected with 9 coaxial threaded of outer conductor right connection part, and two sections of outer conductor supporting sections 4 are fixed respectively to pacify
Mounted in 9 right end of 7 left end of outer conductor left connection part and outer conductor right connection part, the inner conductor includes the inner conductor left side axially docked
Linkage section 8 and inner conductor right connection part 10, install poly- four between inner conductor left connection part 8 and the inner hole of outer conductor left connection part 7
Vinyl fluoride dielectric support body 6, inner conductor right connection part 10 and outer conductor are situated between by installing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) between the inner hole of linkage section 9
Matter supporter 6, the left end of inner conductor left connection part (8) and the right end of inner conductor right connection part 10 dock inner conductor linkage section respectively
5.It is to be filled with high-voltage isulation gas in plexiglass cylinder by inflating nozzle, air gauge shows the gas pressure being filled with.Outside
It is with holes on conductor and insulated support, it is ensured that gas surrounds inner conductor and subject material completely, to avoid material
Expect surface discharge phenomena.
The inner conductor outer diameter of coaxial holder is 5.65mm, outer conductor internal diameter is 13mm, upper limiting frequency 10.23GHz.Coaxially
Wire holder end is connect using N-type coaxial connector pedestal with cable, and the present invention selects N-50KF connector, inner conductor core
Diameter is 3.04mm, and outer conductor internal diameter is 7mm.The place of coaxial linear dimension mutation can generate discontinuous ladder capacitor, and processing is not
It can cause strong reflection well, reduce the performance of coaxial wire holder.Inner conductors of the present invention are formed using axial step dislocation mode
Small inductor compensate discontinuity capacitance.It changes position in internal and external conductor radius, to seamed edge rounded corner, to weaken its position
The field strength at place, prevents point discharge.
Supporting Media uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), relative dielectric constant, thicknessd=4 mm.Due to Supporting Media
In the presence of, change place Supporting Media position at characteristic impedance.To guarantee that coaxial holder characteristic impedance is 50 Ω, Supporting Media
The depth for immersing outer conductor and inner conductor is set to 0.7mm and 0.64mm.To further decrease discontinuity capacitance, reduce in width
An annular groove is dug in reflection on frequency band on Supporting Media and air interface, forms small inductor to compensate discontinuous electricity
Hold, the depth of annular grooveWAnd widthL0.46mm and 3.42mm are set to simulation optimization by calculating.
For convenience of clamping material and material is kept to be electrically connected with good between coaxial wire holder, it will centered on clamping material
Internal and external conductor is divided into dismountable two parts, and two-part outer conductor fixes material by screwing for screw thread, it is two-part in
Conductor then passes through bolt tongue and the groove of same depth keeps connection.It is 3mm, outer diameter 41mm, thickness that the fixture, which can test internal diameter,
Circular material less than 5mm.
Before being tested, needs first to carry out verification test, judge whether test device itself generates shadow to test result
It rings, the method for judgement is：In the case where test device not carrying material, a side is inputted to the signal input port of test device
Wave signal is exported if test device has good impedance matching and high pressure resistant property by test device signal
The output signal that port is shown on oscillograph should be completely the same with original input square wave, this also turns out that the test device will not shadow
Ring the test for arriving measured material characteristic.By verification experimental verification, the amplitude of input waveform and output waveform, pulse width, rising edge
It is consistent.
Test material is fixed in coaxial holder when test, while being filled with high-voltage isulation gas, adjusts high-frequency noise mould
The output voltage and pulse width of quasi- device, provide input waveform for test device, are in measured material under one uniform field strength,
Output waveform is observed by oscillograph, if output waveform is consistent with former input waveform, that is, measured material is also in insulation
State, it is not acted on measured material in test circuit, the voltage of input waveform is then gradually turned up, and then improve measured material
Locating field strength, if output waveform is changed, just illustrate measured material by Ω grades original of M in a short period of time under
Hundred Ω grades is dropped to, the variation by observing output waveform can calculate its response time, and changed field strength is to make
The field strength threshold value that measured material is undergone phase transition.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of field sensitive type Spark gap material testing art based on coaxial test device, it is characterised in that：Using
Test macro is tested for the property test material, and test macro includes the coaxial test of high-frequency noise simulator, insulating Design
Device, attenuator and oscillograph, the high-frequency noise simulator signal output end pass through coaxial cable connecting test device signal
Input port, the test device signal output port connect attenuator, and attenuator signal output end connects oscilloscope signal end,
The coaxial test device includes broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder, plexiglass cylinder (3), end cap (2) and reinforces annulus
(1), plexiglass cylinder (3) both ends are embedded in end cap (2) respectively, and broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder is supported horizontally on organic
Both ends in glass cylinder and through end cap are fixed by means respectively of annulus (1) is reinforced, and broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder includes
Coaxial mounted inner conductor and outer conductor, inner conductor is by means of PTFE medium supporter (6) coaxial support in outer conductor
In axially extending bore, the outer conductor includes symmetrically arranged outer conductor supporting section (4), outer conductor left connection part (7) and outer conductor
Right connection part (9), outer conductor left connection part (7) are connected with outer conductor right connection part (9) coaxial threaded, two sections of outer conductor supporting sections
(4) it is respectively and fixedly installed to outer conductor left connection part (7) left end and outer conductor right connection part (9) right end, the inner conductor includes
The inner conductor left connection part (8) and inner conductor right connection part (10) axially docked, inner conductor left connection part (8) and the left company of outer conductor
Installation PTFE medium supporter (6) between the inner hole of section (7) is connect, inner conductor right connection part (10) and outer conductor are by connecting
PTFE medium supporter (6) are installed between the inner hole of section (9), the left end of inner conductor left connection part (8) and inner conductor are right
The right end of linkage section (10) docks inner conductor linkage section (5) respectively；Its test method includes the following steps：
The first step, by test material fixture in coaxial test device；
Second step applies pulse voltage using test material of the high-frequency noise simulator into coaxial test device；
Third step, the waveform of observation oscilloscope, and according to waveform judgement material phase-change characteristic, calculating phase transformation field strength threshold value and response
Time completes test.
2. the field sensitive type Spark gap material testing art according to claim 1 based on coaxial test device,
It is characterized in that：Outer conductor supporting section (4) side wall is equipped with radial through-hole, in plexiglass cylinder (3) both ends of the surface
It is respectively provided with the first annular groove (13) for installing O-ring seals, the inner face for reinforcing annulus (1) is equipped with for pacifying
The second ring-shaped groove (14) of O-ring seals is filled, the threaded one end that annulus (1) and outer conductor supporting section (4) is pierced by end cap is reinforced
Connection.
3. the field sensitive type Spark gap material testing art according to claim 2 based on coaxial test device,
It is characterized in that：The inner conductor outer diameter is 5.65mm, and outer conductor diameter of bore is 13mm, broadband continuous conductor coaxial holder end
End is connect using N-type coaxial connector with coaxial cable.
4. the field sensitive type Spark gap material testing art according to claim 3 based on coaxial test device,
It is characterized in that：The impedance of coaxial line is at the Support Position of PTFE medium supporter between outer conductor and inner conductor
50 Ω dig an annular groove on Supporting Media and air interface, form small inductor to compensate discontinuity capacitance, annular is recessed
The depth and width of slot are respectively 0.46mm and 3.42mm.
5. the field sensitive type Spark gap material testing art according to claim 4 based on coaxial test device,
It is characterized in that：It is first to be filled with high-voltage isulation gas in plexiglass cylinder by inflating nozzle, air gauge is shown when test
The gas pressure being filled with is with holes on coaxial outer conductor and insulated support, it is ensured that gas surround completely in lead
Body and subject material, to avoid material surface electric discharge phenomena.
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| CN107390061A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-24 | 南京理工大学 | Using the test system of fiber optic communication electronic device false triggering under strong electromagnetic radiation |
| CN108776154B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-06-23 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Series microstrip line test method for measuring phase change performance of material |
| CN115880866B (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-05-16 | 安标国家矿用产品安全标志中心有限公司 | Electromagnetic energy explosion-proof test linear module and method |
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| CN103076546B (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-10-08 | 国家电网公司 | Testing device and method for electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) |
| CN103926426B (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2017-06-30 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | For the coaxial wire holder of broadband continuous conductor of Materials ' Shielding Effectiveness test |
| CN106018491B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-05-31 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | Field sensitive type Spark gap material performance test method |
| CN105842293B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2018-08-31 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | Field sensitive type Spark gap material properties test system |
| CN106057396B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-06-01 | 上海航空机械有限公司 | High temperature plasma gas superconducting electromagnetic coil and microwave pulse generating means |
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