KR20040051047A - Antenna covered or molded with insulating safety cover for detecting partial discharge, applied voltage and phase - Google Patents
Antenna covered or molded with insulating safety cover for detecting partial discharge, applied voltage and phase Download PDFInfo
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- KR20040051047A KR20040051047A KR1020020078875A KR20020078875A KR20040051047A KR 20040051047 A KR20040051047 A KR 20040051047A KR 1020020078875 A KR1020020078875 A KR 1020020078875A KR 20020078875 A KR20020078875 A KR 20020078875A KR 20040051047 A KR20040051047 A KR 20040051047A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
- H01Q15/142—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나에 관한 것으로서 특히 GIS(Gas Insulated Substation)와 같은 전력기기의 내부에 설치하여 전력기기 내부이상으로 발생하는 부분방전 등에 의한 전자파를 측정함으로써 감지할 수 있는 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a partial discharge, an applied voltage, and a phase detection antenna having an insulation protection cover. It relates to a partial discharge, an applied voltage and a phase detection antenna having an insulating protective cover that can be detected by measuring.
변전소에 설치하는 가스절연개폐장치 등의 가스절연기기는 기기내부에 절연이상이 발생하였을 때,부분방전을 발생한다. 그리고 부분방전에 따라 전자파가 발생한다. 가스절연기기의 절연파괴사고를 미연에 방지하기 위해서는, 절연파괴사고의 전구현상이라고도 할 수 있는 상기 부분방전을 정확하게 검출하여, 절연이상이 존재하는 지의 여부를 진단하는 것이 필요하다.Gas insulators, such as gas insulated switchgear installed in substations, generate partial discharge when insulation abnormality occurs inside the equipment. Electromagnetic waves are generated by partial discharge. In order to prevent an insulation breakdown of a gas insulated device, it is necessary to accurately detect the partial discharge, which may be referred to as a bulb phenomenon of the insulation breakdown, and to diagnose whether an insulation abnormality exists.
상기 절연이상의 원인에는, 금속이물의 혼입, 절연물의 결함, 밀봉부재 등과 도전물의 접촉불량 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 이상원인에 의거하는 부분방전이 진행되면, 절연물의 열화가 진행되어 벼락 등의 과전압이 침입하였을 때, 절연파괴에 이를 가능성이 있다. 따라서 부분방전의 발생부위 및 발생레벨을 정확하게 파악하여, 발생부위 및 발생레벨에 따라 조속하게 부분방전의 발생부위를 점검하여 보수할 필요가 있다.Examples of the above-mentioned insulation abnormality include metal foreign matters, defects of insulators, poor contact between the sealing member and the conductive material, and the like. If the partial discharge based on these abnormal causes progresses, the insulation may deteriorate and an insulation breakdown may occur when an overvoltage such as a lightning strikes. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately grasp the occurrence portion and the generation level of the partial discharge, and to check and repair the occurrence portion of the partial discharge as soon as possible according to the occurrence portion and the generation level.
상기 부분방전의 검출은, 부분방전에 따라 발생하는 전자파, 고주파전류, 진동, 소리 또는 발생가스성분을 검출하여 행할 수 있다.The partial discharge can be detected by detecting electromagnetic waves, high frequency currents, vibrations, sounds, or generated gas components generated by the partial discharge.
상기 가스절연기기내의 SF6가스 중에서 발생하는 부분방전은 펄스폭이 수 ns 내지 수십 ns라는 매우 급준한 펄스방전으로서, 그 부분방전에 따라 발생하는 전자파는 수 GHz까지의 넓은 주파수 대역을 가진다.Partial discharges generated in SF6 gas in the gas insulator are very steep pulse discharges having a pulse width of several ns to several tens of ns, and electromagnetic waves generated by the partial discharges have a wide frequency band up to several GHz.
상기 가스절연기기는 금속용기로 밀폐한 구조로서, 구조적으로는 도파관과 같이 전자파를 효율적으로 전파한다. 또한 가스절연기기의 내부는 금속용기로 덮여져 있기 때문에, 외부로부터의 전자파노이즈는 비교적 침입하기 어렵다. 따라서 상기 금속용기내에 안테나를 설치함으로써, 상기 부분방전에 따라 발생하는 전자파를 감도가 좋게 검출할 수 있다. 이 때문에 내부 안테나를 사용하여 수 MHz 내지 수 GHz의 넓은 주파수대역의 전자파를 수신하여 스펙트럼 애널라이저 등에 의하여 주파수를 해석하여 부분방전의 발생부위를 특정하는 방법이 종래에 제안되어 있다.The gas insulated device has a structure sealed in a metal container, and structurally propagates electromagnetic waves like a waveguide. In addition, since the inside of the gas insulated device is covered with a metal container, electromagnetic noise from the outside is relatively hard to invade. Therefore, by providing the antenna in the metal container, it is possible to detect the electromagnetic waves generated by the partial discharge with good sensitivity. For this reason, a method has been conventionally proposed in which electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band of several MHz to several GHz are received using an internal antenna, and the frequency analysis is performed by a spectrum analyzer or the like to specify the generation portion of the partial discharge.
전기적 손실을 가능한 한 줄이면서 많은 전기에너지를 보내기 위해서는 154kV 이상의 초고압 송전이 필수적이다. 특히, 초고압 GIS는 초고압 변전소의 핵심 전력기기로서 변압기를 제외한 대부분의 주요 전력기기들을 SF6 가스로 채워진 금속 탱크내에 내장하고 있으며 기중변전소라 불리는 재래식 변전소에 비해 많은 장점들이 있다.Ultra-high voltage transmissions of 154kV and above are essential to deliver as much electrical energy as possible while reducing electrical losses. In particular, the ultra high voltage GIS is a core power device of the high voltage substation, and most of the major power devices except the transformer are embedded in a metal tank filled with SF6 gas, and there are many advantages over the conventional substation called the air substation.
공기를 절연 매체로 하는 기중변전소는 넓은 설치면적이 요구되고, 외관이 보기 흉하며, 특히 전자파 장해에 대한 인식이 확산되면서 도심 공간에서의 설치가 아주 어렵게 되었다. 이에 따라 과밀화 된 도심의 변전소는 설치공간 축소, 환경친화, 지하공간 활용 등 장점을 가진 GIS로 급속히 대체되고 있는 추세이다.Air substations that use air as an insulating medium require large installation areas, unsightly appearances, and in particular, the spread of awareness of electromagnetic interference has made installation in urban spaces very difficult. As a result, overcrowded urban substations are rapidly being replaced by GIS, which has advantages such as reduced installation space, environment friendliness, and underground space utilization.
이러한 GIS의 경우 절연이상의 원인인 부분방전에 대한 종래의 측정방식은 탱크 내부에 절연커버가 없는 상태로 된 안테나를 사용하여 측정하여 왔다. 안테나로 인한 절연파괴의 가능성을 갖고 있으므로 전자파의 측정이 용이한 탱크의 내부표면보다 핸드홀(hand hole) 또는 맨홀(man hole) 쪽으로 이동하여 설치해야하는데 이 경우 부분방전의 전자파를 검출하는 데에는 감도가 낮아지고 부분방전에 관한 주파수 정보도 적어지므로 안테나를 많이 설치해야 하는 단점이 있었다.In the case of the GIS, the conventional measuring method for the partial discharge which is the cause of the insulation abnormality has been measured by using the antenna without the insulation cover inside the tank. Because of the possibility of insulation breakdown due to the antenna, it should be installed by moving toward the hand hole or the man hole rather than the inner surface of the tank where the electromagnetic wave can be easily measured. Since there is a low frequency information about the partial discharge is low, there was a disadvantage to install a lot of antennas.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 감안하여 창출된 것으로 GIS와 같은 전력기기의 절연이상의 원인이 되는 부분방전 측정시 전자파의 검출감도를 높이기 위해 안테나를 탱크 내부 표면에서 도체 쪽으로 설치할 수 있도록 안테나에 절연보호커버를 부착 또는 몰딩하여 절연파괴의 가능성을 줄일뿐 아니라, 자체에서의 부분방전 발생을 억제하고 에폭시, 폴리에틸렌 불화수지 등의 tanδ 값이 낮은 절연 재료들을 사용함으로써 이들의 유전체 효과에 의해 안테나 감도를 향상시키고 안테나 크기의 조정 및 설치개수를 감소시키는 데에 목적이 있다.The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the insulation protection on the antenna so that the antenna can be installed from the inner surface of the tank to the conductor in order to increase the detection sensitivity of the electromagnetic wave during the partial discharge measurement that causes the insulation failure of the power equipment such as GIS In addition to reducing the possibility of breakdown by attaching or molding a cover, it also suppresses the occurrence of partial discharge in itself and improves antenna sensitivity by using dielectric materials having low tanδ values such as epoxy and polyethylene fluororesin. The purpose is to reduce the number of antenna size adjustments and installations.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나의 전체적인 구성도이다.1 is an overall configuration diagram of a partial discharge, an applied voltage and a phase detection combined antenna with an insulating protective cover according to the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나의 상세 구성도이다.Figure 2 is a detailed configuration of the partial discharge, applied voltage and phase detection combined antenna with an insulating protective cover according to the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나의 전기적 회로 구성도이다.3 is an electrical circuit diagram of a partial discharge, an applied voltage and a phase detection combined antenna with an insulating protective cover according to the present invention.
((도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명))((Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing))
1. 도체 2. SF6 가스1. Conductor 2. SF6 gas
3. 핸드홀, 맨홀 4. 측정시스템(부분방전, 인가전압위상)3. Handhole, manhole 4. Measurement system (partial discharge, applied voltage phase)
5. 측정용 케이블 6. GIS탱크5. Cable for Measurement 6. GIS Tank
7. 안테나 본체 8. 절연보호커버7. Antenna main body 8. Insulation protection cover
9. 발룬 10. 캐비티9. Balun 10. Cavity
11. 접속터미널 12. 저역필터(Low pass filter)11.Connection terminal 12.Low pass filter
13. 인가전압 위상측정부 14. 부분방전 측정부13. Applied voltage phase measuring unit 14. Partial discharge measuring unit
15. 피드쓰루(feed through)15. feed through
상기의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명에 따른 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나는 전자파를 감지하기 위한 안테나(7), 안테나로 인한 절연파괴를 억제하기 위한 절연보호커버(8), 안테나에 입력된 전자파 신호를 측정장치로 보내기 위한 피드쓰루(feed through)(15)와 발룬(balun)(9), 측정장치로 보내기 위한 케이블을 접속시키는 접속터미널(11)로 구성된 점에 그 특징이 있다. 이하 첨부된 도면을 참조하면서 본 발명의 실시예를 상세히 설명한다.In order to achieve the above object, the partial discharge, the applied voltage and the phase detection antenna having an insulation protection cover according to the present invention are an antenna 7 for detecting electromagnetic waves, an insulation protection cover for suppressing insulation breakdown due to the antenna ( 8) a point consisting of a feed through 15 for sending an electromagnetic signal input to the antenna to the measuring device, a balun 9 and a connection terminal 11 for connecting a cable for sending to the measuring device Has its features. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1 내지 도 3은 본 발명에 따른 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나를 나타낸 것으로, 도 1은 전체적인 시스템 개요도이고, 도 2는 안테나의 상세 구성도이며, 도 3은 안테나 및 주변 회로도이다.1 to 3 show a partial discharge, an applied voltage and a phase detection combined antenna with an insulation protective cover according to the present invention, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall system, and FIG. 2 is a detailed configuration diagram of the antenna, and FIG. Antenna and peripheral circuit diagram.
도 1 내지 도 3을 참조하면, 본 발병에 따른 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나는 안테나(7), 절연보호커버(8), 피드쓰루(15) 및 발룬(9), 캐비티(10) 및 접속터미널(11)로 크게 구성된다.1 to 3, the partial discharge, the applied voltage and the phase detection combined antenna with the insulation protection cover according to the present invention include an antenna 7, an insulation protection cover 8, a feedthrough 15, and a balloon 9. ), The cavity 10 and the connection terminal 11 are large.
안테나(7)는 전자파 검출의 주요 몸체부를 이루며 금속평판을 기본으로 한 형태로 만들어져 캐비티 상면의 지지 절연판에 안착시킨다. 도 2에 표시된 바와 같이 캐비티 내부에 피드쓰루(15) 및 발룬을 설치하여 조립하고 전체를 절연보호커버로 부착하거나 몰딩한다.The antenna 7 forms the main body of the electromagnetic wave detection and is made in the form of a metal flat plate and seated on the supporting insulating plate on the upper surface of the cavity. As shown in FIG. 2, the feedthrough 15 and the balloon are installed in the cavity, assembled, and the whole is attached or molded with an insulating protective cover.
캐비티(10)는 안테나를 지지하고 감도를 높이는 역할을 한다.The cavity 10 serves to support the antenna and increase the sensitivity.
절연보호커버(8)는 GIS의 도체로부터의 섬락방지와 안테나에서 발생할 수 있는 부분방전의 억제가 가능하고 유전체의 유전율 특성에 의한 수신감도의 향상 및 안테나 크기의 조정을 가능하게 한다. 절연보호커버에 사용되는 절연재로는 에폭시, 폴리에틸렌 불화수지 등이 있는데, 이들은 tanδ 값이 낮은 물질로서, 유전체 효과에 의해 안테나 감도를 향상시키고 자체에서의 부분방전 발생을 억제한다.The insulation protection cover 8 can prevent flashover from the conductor of the GIS and suppress partial discharge that may occur in the antenna, and improve the reception sensitivity and adjust the antenna size by the dielectric constant of the dielectric. Epoxy, polyethylene fluoride resin, and the like are used for the insulating protective cover. These materials are low in tan δ, which improves antenna sensitivity and suppresses partial discharge in itself due to the dielectric effect.
피드쓰루(15)는 안테나에서 터미널로 연결하는 접속로이며 터미널 연결 전에 발룬이 삽입된다. 발룬(9)은 안테나와 피드쓰루(15)를 측정케이블(5)로 임피던스매칭을 하고 안테나의 밸런스 회로를 케이블의 언밸런스 회로로 잘 매칭되도록 하는 역할을 한다.The feedthrough 15 is a connection path connecting the antenna to the terminal and a balloon is inserted before the terminal connection. The balloon 9 performs impedance matching of the antenna and the feedthrough 15 to the measurement cable 5 and serves to make the balance circuit of the antenna well matched to the unbalance circuit of the cable.
그러면 이상과 같은 구성을 갖는 본 발명의 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나의 동작에 대해 도 1 내지 도 3을 참조하면서 간단히 설명해보기로 한다.The operation of the partial discharge, the applied voltage, and the phase detection combined antenna of the present invention having the above-described configuration having the above configuration will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
GIS와 같은 전력기기 진단을 위해 본 발명의 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나를 사용하기 위해서는 먼저 GIS와 같은 전력기기의 핸드홀 또는 맨홀(3)의 내부에 본 발명의 장치의 앞 표면이 탱크 내부표면(6)과 동일 선상이 되도록 하여 설치한다. 그리고 부분방전 측정과 인가전압 위상 측정이 가능한 장치(4)를 터미널(11)에 접속시킨다.In order to use the partial discharge, applied voltage and phase detection combined antenna with the insulation protection cover of the present invention for diagnosing a power device such as a GIS, first of all, the inside of the handhole or manhole 3 of a power device such as a GIS is used. The front surface of the device is installed so that it is flush with the tank inner surface (6). Then, a device 4 capable of partial discharge measurement and applied voltage phase measurement is connected to the terminal 11.
이상과 같이 설치된 상태에서 GIS와 같은 전력기기 내부에서 이상이 발생하여 부분방전 등이 발생하면 전자파가 탱크 내부에서 전파된다.In the installed state as above, if an abnormality occurs in a power device such as a GIS and a partial discharge occurs, electromagnetic waves are propagated in the tank.
이와 같이 탱크 내부에 전자파가 전파되면 그 전자파는 안테나에 도달되어 안테나가 수신하게 되고 동시에 GIS도체에 인가된 60Hz 상용주파전압이 안테나 표면에 정전유도된다. 이때 수신된 전자파와 정전유도된 60Hz 상용주파전압은 터미널(11)을 통하여 측정장치 쪽으로 흐르게 된다.As such, when the electromagnetic wave propagates inside the tank, the electromagnetic wave reaches the antenna and is received by the antenna. At the same time, the 60 Hz commercial frequency voltage applied to the GIS conductor is electrostatically induced on the surface of the antenna. At this time, the received electromagnetic wave and the electrostatic induced 60Hz commercial frequency voltage flow through the terminal 11 toward the measuring device.
이렇게 하여 안테나를 통해 외부의 측정장치로 전송되면 60Hz의 상용주파전류는 발룬에서 2배 증폭되고 저역필터(Low pass filter)(12)를 통해 인가전압 위상측정부(13)로 흘러가 60Hz의 상용주파전압의 크기와 위상이 측정되도록 하고, 부분방전에 의한 전자파는 저역필터에 의해 부분방전 측정부(14)로 흘러가 부분방전의크기와 주파수 특성이 측정된다.In this way, when transmitted to an external measuring device through an antenna, the commercial frequency current of 60 Hz is amplified twice in the balun and flows through the low pass filter 12 to the applied voltage phase measuring unit 13 to the commercial frequency of 60 Hz. The magnitude and phase of the voltage are measured, and the electromagnetic wave by the partial discharge flows to the partial discharge measuring unit 14 by the low pass filter, and the magnitude and frequency characteristics of the partial discharge are measured.
따라서 측정된 부분방전 전자파와 전압의 크기와 위상이 표시되고 사용자는 이들을 바탕으로 전력기기의 이상여부를 판단하게 되는 것이다.Therefore, the magnitude and phase of the measured partial discharge electromagnetic waves and the voltage are displayed, and the user can determine whether the power device is abnormal based on them.
또한, 이상과 같은 일련의 측정과정에 있어서 전력기기 탱크내부에 2개 이상의 안테나를 설치하여 2곳 이상에서 동시에 부분방전 전자파가 검출되면 전력기기 내부의 이상부위에 대한 추정이 가능하다.In addition, in the above-described series of measurement procedures, when two or more antennas are installed inside the power equipment tank and the partial discharge electromagnetic waves are detected at two or more locations simultaneously, abnormalities in the power equipment can be estimated.
이상의 설명에서와 같이 본 발명에 따른 절연보호커버가 있는 부분방전, 인가전압 및 위상 검출 겸용 안테나는 GIS와 같은 전력기기 내부에 설치되어 전력기기 내부이상에 의한 부분방전의 전자파를 안테나의 원리를 이용하여 측정하므로 운전중인 전력기기를 정지시키지 않고도 내부상태를 진단할 수 있고, 부분방전 발생 시 결함의 종류와 발생위치까지도 신뢰성 높게 측정할 수 있다.As described above, the antenna with the partial discharge, the applied voltage, and the phase detection according to the present invention may be installed inside a power device such as a GIS to use electromagnetic waves of the partial discharge caused by abnormalities in the power device. The internal condition can be diagnosed without stopping the power equipment in operation, and the type and location of the defect can be measured reliably when partial discharge occurs.
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