CN106441886B - The main shaft reliability test and test method that cutting force automatically controls - Google Patents
The main shaft reliability test and test method that cutting force automatically controls Download PDFInfo
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- CN106441886B CN106441886B CN201611120149.9A CN201611120149A CN106441886B CN 106441886 B CN106441886 B CN 106441886B CN 201611120149 A CN201611120149 A CN 201611120149A CN 106441886 B CN106441886 B CN 106441886B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis
Abstract
The invention discloses mechanical test device and method technical field is belonged to, it is related to a kind of main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls and test method.Overcome it is of the existing technology can not accurately dynamic analog main shaft real working condition, control mode be complicated and the high problem of equipment manufacturing costs.Main shaft reliability test is made of main shaft erecting bed, cutting force automatic control device, cutting moment of torque loading device, condition monitoring device and ancillary equipment；Cutting force automatic control device is made of cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction adjustment organization, electromagnetic locking mechanism and loading device holder；The test method of main shaft reliability test, includes the following steps：1, it obtains and handles load and state parameter；2, it is detected and debugs before the main shaft reliability test work automatically controlled to cutting force；3, the main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls simulates operating mode load test.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical test device and method technical field, being related to a kind of main shaft of simulated machine tool main shaft operating mode can
By property experimental rig and a kind of test method of main shaft reliability.
Background technology
Main shaft is one of critical component of numerically-controlled machine tool, and reliability level directly affects the reliability of complete machine.To main shaft
Reliability test is carried out, its weak link is found and is targetedly improved, the reliability of lathe can be greatly improved.Cause
This, has carried out the reliability test for being largely directed to machine tool chief axis both at home and abroad.But reliability test is being carried out to machine tool chief axis
In the process, rarely experimental rig being capable of approximate simulation real working condition.In the design of loading device, most of experiment both at home and abroad
Platform can only realize that, to the dynamic control of cutting force size in load parameter, the change for cutting force direction generally requires to shut down defensive position
It is dynamic to adjust.And the controllable experimental rig of force direction is cut in part, is realized by the synthesis of power using more loaders,
Under high frequency loading mode, while the cutting force size for controlling three directions is difficult to realize and is accurately controlled to cutting force.From economy
Consider in angle, the device of existing more loader schemes is complicated, causes experimental rig cost higher, becomes reliability test
Platform is difficult to universal one of the major reasons.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome it is of the existing technology can not accurate simulation main shaft real working condition,
The problem of control mode complexity and equipment manufacturing costs costliness, provides a kind of main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls
Device and test method.
Main shaft reliability test can carry out the reliability test of main shaft according to specific loading rule, utmostly also
The real working condition of former tested main shaft.To obtain experimental rig work state information, state is carried out to the running parameter of experimental rig
Monitoring is supported to provide data for later stage fault diagnosis, strong technology is provided for machine tool chief axis reliability load test
It ensures.And the program can efficiently excite the failure of tested main shaft weak link, verify the reliability of machine tool chief axis.
The problem of for cutting force direction controlling, researches and develops a set of cutting force automatic control device, only by a loader control
Make the size of cutting, the direction of an adjustment mechanism control cutting force.For the select permeability of loader, using worm drive with
The two-stage load mode that piezoelectric ceramics is combined, can either ensure the rigidity and load length range of load maintainer, and can provide
High loading frequency.The direction is fixed after adjusting cutting force direction by electromagnetic clutch locking mechanism, is increased
The rigidity of cutting force direction adjusting apparatus.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization, it is described with reference to the drawings as follows：
A kind of main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls, is mainly controlled by main shaft erecting bed 8, cutting force automatically
Device 7, cutting moment of torque loading device, condition monitoring device and ancillary equipment composition processed；
The main shaft erecting bed 8 includes that main shaft embraces folder 10, main shaft 11 and main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14；
The main shaft embraces the outer ring that folder 10 wraps main shaft 11, and main shaft is embraced folder 10 with main shaft and fixed, main shaft erecting bed bottom
14 supports main shafts of seat embrace folder 10, and main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14 is mounted on the ground black iron 1 in ancillary equipment；
The cutting force automatic control device 7 is by cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction adjustment organization, electromagnetic lock
Tight mechanism and loading device holder composition：
The cutting force size load maintainer includes stepper motor 29, screw pair 30, piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 and rotation
Drive bearing block 35；
Rotary drive bearing block 35 fixes screw pair 30, and 30 one end of screw pair is connect with stepper motor 29 using shaft coupling,
The other end of screw pair 30 is fastenedly connected with piezoelectric ceramics loader 31；
The cutting force direction adjustment organization is divided into arc regulating mechanism and radiai adjustment mechanism two parts；
The arc regulating mechanism includes cambered way 20, arc Driving Stepping Motor 27, idler wheel 37, arc-shaped movement mechanism
Bottom plate 38, arc-shaped rack 43 and gear 44；
The radiai adjustment mechanism include radial rotary driving platform pedestal 23, radial rotary driving platform bottom bearings 24,
Bearing block 26 at the top of servo-electric push rod 25, radial rotary driving platform；
The stepper motor 29 drives piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 on arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate 38 by screw pair 30
Do linear reciprocating motion；
The cambered way 20 is fixed on the load maintainer bottom plate 22 in loading device holder, arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate
38 bottoms are equipped with idler wheel 37, and idler wheel 37 can slide on respective cambered way 20；To realize entire arc-shaped movement mechanism
The arcuate movement of bottom plate 38 planar.
The arc Driving Stepping Motor 27 drives gear 44 to be moved on arc-shaped rack 43, to make arc-shaped movement mechanism
Bottom plate 38 is moved by cambered way；
The rotation driving platform pedestal 23 is fixed on ground 1 upper surface of black iron, and radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings 24
It is fixed on radial rotary driving platform pedestal 23, servo-electric push rod 25 is mounted on radial rotary driving platform bottom bearings 24
On, servo-electric push rod 25 drives bearing block 26 at the top of radial rotary driving platform to move up and down, cutting force loading device skeleton 33
Bearing 47 in loading device holder rotates, and to make all components wrapped up in cutting force loading device skeleton 33, most closes
Key is that piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 is rotated around the axis of tested main shaft；
The electromagnetic locking mechanism includes electromagnetic clutch 28；
The electromagnetic clutch 28 is mounted on arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate 38；
The cutting moment of torque loading device includes electric dynamometer 6 and shaft coupling 18, the connection simulation cutter 17 of shaft coupling 18
With electric dynamometer 6, it is connect with electric dynamometer 6 to which the tested main shaft 11 for simulating cutter 17 will be hold.
Condition detecting device described in technical solution includes flow sensor 3, laser displacement sensor 15, pressure sensor
32, current sensor and temperature sensor；
Flow sensor 3 is mounted on the exit of oil-air lubrication controller 2 and 4 fluid of hydraulic station；Laser displacement sensor
15 are adsorbed on main shaft with magnetic base embraces on the shell of folder 10；Pressure sensor 32 is installed in cutting force size load maintainer
The front of loading bar 34, current sensor are installed in the three-phase power line of tested main shaft；Temperature sensor is set to main shaft
At 11 shell or it is pre-loaded into main shaft 11.
The ancillary equipment further includes oil-air lubrication controller 2, hydraulic station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, industrial personal computer 9；
Electric dynamometer 6, cutting force automatic control device 7, main shaft erecting bed 8 are mounted on ground black iron 1；Oil-air lubrication control
Device 2 processed, hydraulic station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, industrial personal computer 9 are placed on the ground；
Cambered way 20 described in technical solution is equipped with three；
There are two radial rotary driving platform bottom bearings 24 are set；
There are two bearing block 26 is set at the top of radial rotary driving platform；
There are two electromagnetic clutch 28 is set；
There are two bearing 47 is set.
Main shaft erecting bed described in technical solution further includes position base adjuster 12,12 profit of the position base adjuster
The fine tuning that major axis horizontal radial position is realized with screw mechanism can be according to laser alignment after using laser alignment instrument detection
Instrument prompts position to adjust position base adjuster, realizes the centering of horizontal direction；
The electromagnetic locking mechanism further includes electromagnetic force lock sheet 39, spring reset axis 40, guide rod 41, locking friction
Piece 42；
Two blocks of magnet up and down built in the electromagnetic clutch 28, upper end magnet fixes with own enclosure, lower end magnet with lead
It is connected firmly simultaneously to bar 41 and 40 upper end of spring reset axis, guide rod 41 and 40 lower end of spring reset axis connect with electromagnetic force lock sheet 39
It connects, 40 bottom of spring reset axis is connect with locking friction plate 42；
Electromagnetic force lock sheet 39 is equipped with two panels；
Spring reset axis 40 is equipped with two；
Guide rod 41 is equipped with two；
It locks friction plate 42 and is equipped with two panels.
Cutting force size load maintainer described in technical solution further includes bearing loading device 16, bearing loading device 16
It is made of a pair of bearings and shell, there are one spherical pits for the loading surface of shell, so as to adding for 31 front end of piezoelectric ceramics loader
Stick 34 is carried with spherical pit to coordinate.Be equivalent to outside bearing plus a shell so that load(ing) point on the shell, by bearing by mould
Quasi- cutting force is transmitted to tested main shaft 11.
A kind of test method for the main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls, includes the following steps：
Step 1：It obtains and handles load and state parameter；
1.1 at the scene on machine tool chief axis respectively installation cutting tension gauge, torque meter and flow sensor 3 to acquire reality
Border duty parameter；
1.2 by collected cutting force size, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate
In data storage to the software database of acquisition system, the collected stochastic parameter of different lathes is assigned to certain period of time
It is interior, it is fabricated to random rotation load spectrum；
1.3, by removable storage medium or telecommunication network, the random rotation load spectrum of establishment or existing loading spectrum are passed
In the industrial personal computer 9 of the defeated main shaft reliability test automatically controlled to cutting force；
Step 2：It is detected and debugs before the main shaft reliability test work automatically controlled to cutting force；
2.1 unclamp the foundation bolt 13 of main shaft erecting bed 8, and using laser alignment instrument, detection main shaft erecting bed 8 is surveyed with electric power
Work(machine 6 adjusts main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14 to neutrality, and according to the instruction of laser alignment instrument, if occurring not on altitude azimuth
The error of centralization needs the registration according to laser alignment instrument to increase or decrease the pad between main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14 and foundation bolt 13
Piece, until being prompted in centering instrument to neutral bias within zone of reasonableness, the foundation bolt 13 of fastening main shaft erecting bed 8；
2.2 start main shaft, are not turned on cutting force automatic control device, are controlled automatically with three-way vibration sensor detection cutting force
Device vibration processed, radial position is in the presence of inclined when more than the installation of cutting force automatic control device is illustrated if there is abnormal vibrations value
Difference is urged to main shaft, in the horizontal direction with position that loading device holder is slightly adjusted on vertical direction, until what is detected shakes
Dynamic value is almost nil；
Two laser displacement sensors 15 of 2.3 adjustment radial vibration detections, keep detected value minimum, i.e., measurement point is axis
Most outer diameter；
2.4 open spindle inverters, and simultaneously dry running for a period of time, opens the status monitoring in industrial personal computer to correct startup main shaft
Whether software, the state parameter that observation sensor detects are normal, however, it is determined that and it is errorless, then complete the debugging before experiment and detection work
Make, is prepared to enter into step 3；
Step 3：The main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls simulates operating mode load test：
3.1 according to the requirement of tested main shaft loading condition, determine the total testing time of reliability test, experiment process and
Often step needs the test parameters and test period that set in flow；
3.2 open tested main shaft and enter simulation loading pattern, respectively to reliability test cutting force size, cutting
Force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate are controlled；
If there is exception or fault alarm, hard stop in 3.3 state-detection softwares；According to detection signal, to tested master
Axis or experimental rig are checked that analysis generates the reason of abnormal signal is mutated or failure that may be present, and data are recorded
In library；Taxonomic revision and storage are carried out to test data after experiment every time, are used for the analysis in later stage.
Numerically-controlled machine tool essential information includes lathe model and number, the speed of mainshaft, feed speed, servo drive motor work(
Rate, tool magazine capacity；
Cutting Process data include processing content, piece count, processing method, cutter and handle of a knife model, cutting speed, the back of the body
Bite and cutting width；
When lathe operating condition includes the operation shift of lathe, downtime and recovery use caused by machine failure
Between.
Loading spectrum in step 1.3 described in technical solution refers to based on machine cut power, the cutting moment of torque, rotating speed and cycle time
Several inherent correspondences is analyzed and is handled by mathematical measure these initial load parameters of acquisition, developed load
Spectrum；Or loading spectrum is simplified using the method establishment of equivalent actual condition；It is big that the rule of application load spectrum controls cutting force respectively
Small load maintainer, cutting force direction control mechanism, electric dynamometer, coolant rate control valve and oil-air lubrication controller,
Realize the simulation to main shaft actual condition；The loading spectrum and test mission according to establishment are needed before carrying out reliability load test
It needs to be determined that test period and flow.
It includes master to carry out debugging before the main shaft reliability test work automatically controlled to cutting force described in technical solution
Axis and dynamometer machine installed by shaft coupling after to it is neutral adjust, loading device installation site is adjusted and the installation of sensor；
After debugging, in order to weigh the performance of main shaft, control group of the dry run experiment as load test is carried out；Start master
Axis is required in the case where other experiment conditions are consistent according to loading experiment, is selected main shaft normal revolution and is carried out dry run examination
It tests, in dry run experiment, using the forward and reverse rotation of Frequency Converter Control main shaft, the speed of mainshaft, acquisition is measured using dynamometer machine
Main-axis end vibration, bearing temperature, displacement, voltage volume of data, and record data in table；Only when above-mentioned debugging is logical
Later, just the main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls can be carried out according to loading spectrum.
Analysis described in technical scheme steps 3.3 generates the reason of abnormal signal is mutated or failure that may be present
Refer to：
Vibration signal when being occurred according to collected failure or noise signal, with Fourier transformation, wavelet analysis
And the method for diagnosing faults of S-transformation is observed and is analyzed to signal, and main shaft failure feature is extracted, judge main shaft faulty and
State status under fault-free further analyzes fault type, the between-failures parameter of tested main shaft, for the reliable of assessment main shaft
Property provide basis.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, cutting force loading direction changeable mechanism structure novel, it is only necessary to which a loader just can realize space cutting force
Load.Compared with the method for existing more loaders resultant force load, it can solve the problems, such as that currently control is low with loading accuracy simultaneously
And reduce the manufacturing cost of testing stand.
2, loader design use two-stage loading mode, can either meet load distance and loading force magnitude range variation
It is required that also disclosure satisfy that the requirement of loading frequency, and package unit is rigidly big and easy to process.
3, experimental rig can be realized to cutting force size, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, coolant rate, oil gas profit
The control of sliding amount, the comprehensive simulation machine tool chief axis actual condition in a manner of more comprehensive.And it can realize and experimental rig is transported
State parameter during row carries out comprehensive monitoring, relatively accurately reflects the operating status for being tested main shaft.
4, main shaft reliability test method is simple and practical, easily realizes program circuitization operation, it is reliable to substantially increase main shaft
Property experiment efficiency and confidence level.
Description of the drawings
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the axonometric projection graph for the main shaft reliability test that cutting force of the present invention automatically controls；
Fig. 2 is main shaft erecting bed axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is cutting force automatic control device axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is cutting force size load maintainer axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is radiai adjustment mechanism front view of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is arc regulating mechanism axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is electromagnetic locking mechanism of the present invention front view；
Fig. 8 is loading device holder axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the control principle drawing for the main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls；
Figure 10 is the main shaft reliability test structure chart that cutting force of the present invention automatically controls；
Figure 11 is the main shaft reliability test method flow chart that cutting force of the present invention automatically controls；
In figure：
1. ground black iron, 2. oil-air lubrication controllers, 3. flow sensors, 4. hydraulic stations, 5. cooling control cabinets, 6. electric power are surveyed
Work(machine, 7. cutting force automatic control devices, 8. main shaft erecting beds, 9. industrial personal computers, 10. main shafts embrace folder, 11. main shafts, 12. pedestal positions
Set adjuster, 13. foundation bolts, 14. main shaft erecting bed pedestals, 15. laser displacement sensors, 16. bearing loading devices, 17.
Simulation cutter, 18. shaft couplings, 19. load maintainer mounting brackets, 20. cambered ways, 21. columns, 22. load maintainer bottom plates,
23. radial rotary drives platform pedestal, 24. radial rotaries to drive platform bottom bearings, 25. servo-electric push rods, 26. radial rotaries
Bearing block at the top of driving platform, 27. arc Driving Stepping Motors, 28. electromagnetic clutch, 29. stepper motors, 30. screw pairs, 31.
Piezoelectric ceramics loader, 32. pressure sensors, 33. cutting force loading device skeletons, 34. loading bars, 35. worm drive bearings
Seat, 36. level-ones cutting power load maintainer pedestal, 37. idler wheels, 38. arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plates, 39. electromagnetic force lock sheets, 40.
Spring reset axis, 41. guide rods, 42. locking friction plates, 43. arc-shaped racks, 44. gears, 45. idler wheel support plates, 46. cutting force
Loading device shell, 47. bearings.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
A kind of main shaft reliability test, by main shaft erecting bed, cutting force automatic control device, cutting moment of torque load dress
It sets, condition monitoring device and ancillary equipment 5 modules are constituted.Tested main shaft is gripped by main shaft erecting bed；
The control that cutting force automatic control device can complete cutting force size, cut force direction；Cutting moment of torque loading device can be real
Now the cutting moment of torque of main shaft is loaded；Condition monitoring device can realize the real-time monitoring to tested main shaft working condition；Auxiliary
Equipment provides required support platform for pilot system, realizes the control of oil-air lubrication, hydraulic power source, amount of cooling water, carries out state prison
The functions such as control.
Main shaft erecting bed of the present invention embraces folder 10, main shaft 11, position base adjuster 12, foundation bolt by main shaft
13, main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14 forms.Realization grips tested main shaft, and the adjustment at phase angle is installed to tested main shaft,
The fine tuning of base mounting orientation and linkage function with ground black iron.
Cutting force automatic control device of the present invention adjusts machine by cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction
Structure, electromagnetic locking mechanism and the most of composition of loading device holder four：
Cutting force size load maintainer is by bearing loading device 16, stepper motor 29, screw pair 30, piezoelectric ceramics loader
31, loading bar 34, rotary drive bearing block 35, level-one cutting wrench of a force system load maintainer pedestal 36 form.By spiral load maintainer
Realize that the load of two level high frequency cutting force is realized in the load of level-one steady state value cutting force, piezoelectric ceramics loader 31.
Piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 stacks the bar of leading portion just under the action of a certain voltage using existing piezoelectric stack
It can slight vibration.Stepper motor 29 drives piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 to be done on arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate 38 by screw pair 30
Linear reciprocating motion, to realize that the first order loads.By controlling the voltage of piezoelectric ceramics loader 31, second level high frequency is realized
Load.
Cutting force direction adjustment organization is made of arc regulating mechanism and radiai adjustment mechanism, by controlling both direction
Load of the load maintainer to main shaft space any direction is realized in variation.Arc regulating mechanism is by cambered way 20, arc driving step
Stepper motor 27, idler wheel 37, arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate 38, arc-shaped rack 43, gear 44, idler wheel support plate 45 are constituted, and can be realized
The adjusting of piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 and main-shaft axis angle；Radiai adjustment mechanism is by radial rotary driving platform pedestal 23, radial direction
Rotation driving platform bottom bearings 24, servo-electric push rod 25, radial rotary driving platform top bearing block 26 form.Realize piezoelectricity
The adjusting of ceramic loader 31 and main shaft radial rake.
Electromagnetic locking mechanism is by electromagnetic clutch 28, electromagnetic force lock sheet 39, spring reset axis 40, guide rod 41, locking
Friction plate 42 forms.Realize the function of quick locking arc regulating mechanism after direction is adjusted, and radiai adjustment mechanism is by servo electricity
25 inside reverse self-locking of dynamic push rod, to increase the rigidity of cutting force automatic control device loading procedure.
Loading device holder is by load maintainer mounting bracket 19, column 21, load maintainer bottom plate 22, cutting force loading device
Skeleton 33, cutting force loading device shell 46, bearing 47 form.Realization fixes and supports the position of cutting force automatic device.
Cutting moment of torque loading device of the present invention includes electric dynamometer 6, simulation cutter 17 and shaft coupling 18, shaft coupling
The effect of device is connection simulation cutter 17 and electric dynamometer 6, and the main shaft 11 to hold simulation cutter 17 is surveyed with electric power
Work(machine connects, and realizes and is loaded to the cutting moment of torque of main shaft.
Condition detecting device of the present invention by flow sensor 3, laser displacement sensor 15, pressure sensor 32,
Current sensor, temperature sensor composition.It realizes the real-time monitoring to tested main shaft working condition, is fault detect and failure report
It is alert that strong hardware guarantee is provided.Pressure sensor 32 is installed on the front of the loading bar 34 in cutting force size load maintainer, with
The approximate distance of bearing loading device 16 is 10cm；
Ancillary equipment of the present invention is by ground black iron 1, oil-air lubrication controller 2, hydraulic station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, work
Control machine 9, simulation cutter 17 form.Its act on be respectively provide pilot system needed for support platform, realize oil-air lubrication control,
The function that hydraulic power source is provided, amount of cooling water control is realized, realizes PC control, realizing simulation loading.
There are four the micromatic setting of the base mounting orientation of main shaft erecting bed described in technical solution is set；
There are six foundation bolt 13 is set；
Laser displacement sensor 15 is equipped with two；
There are two load maintainer mounting bracket 19 is set；
Cambered way 20 is equipped with three；
Column 21 is equipped with two；
There are two radial rotary driving platform bottom bearings 24 are set；
There are two bearing block 26 is set at the top of radial rotary driving platform；
There are two electromagnetic clutch 28 is set；
Electromagnetic force lock sheet 39 is equipped with two panels；
Spring reset axis 40 is equipped with two；
Guide rod 41 is equipped with two；
It locks friction plate 42 and is equipped with two panels；
Idler wheel support plate 45 is equipped with five pieces；
There are two bearing 47 is set.
The control principle of cutting force automatic control device of the present invention is as follows：Industrial personal computer passes through RS232 communication modes
Control PLC, PLC control servo-driver and then realize to cutting force direction, the locking of cutting force direction and cutting force size three
Partial control.For cutting force direction controlling, the radial position of cutting force automatic control device is realized by servo-electric push rod 25
The adjusting set.Arc Driving Stepping Motor 27 adjusts the actuated position of cutting force automatic control device.Electromagnetic locking mechanism realizes
Locking.Control for cutting force size is divided into two-stage Loading Control.In first order load, servo-driver controls stepping
Motor drives screw mechanism, and piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 is made integrally to do straight-line feed movement.In the second level loads, servo-drive
Device controls the voltage of piezoelectric ceramics loader 31, and the load of high frequency cutting force is realized based on inverse piezoelectric effect.From backfeed loop,
There is sensor in each part, and state transfer is returned industrial personal computer, realizes the closed-loop control to system.
Testing program and method
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of reliability test method based on main shaft reliability test, packet
Include following steps：
Step 1：The acquisition and processing of load and state parameter
1.1 at the scene on machine tool chief axis respectively installation cutting tension gauge, torque meter and flow sensor to acquire reality
Border duty parameter.
1.2 by collected cutting force size, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate
In data storage to the database software of acquisition system, certain period of time will not be assigned to by the collected stochastic parameter of main shaft on the same stage
It is interior, it is fabricated to random rotation load spectrum.
1.3, by removable storage medium or telecommunication network, the random rotation load spectrum of establishment or existing loading spectrum are passed
In the defeated industrial personal computer to experimental provision.
Step 2：Detection and debugging before experimental rig work
2.1 unclamp the foundation bolt of main shaft erecting bed, using laser alignment instrument, detect main shaft erecting bed and electric dynamometer
Adjust main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14 to neutrality, and according to the instruction of laser alignment instrument, if being misaligned on altitude azimuth
Error needs the registration according to laser alignment instrument to increase or decrease pad between main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14 and foundation bolt 13
Piece, until prompting to neutral bias within zone of reasonableness, to fasten the foundation bolt of main shaft erecting bed in centering instrument.
2.2 start main shaft, are not turned on cutting force automatic control device, are controlled automatically with three-way vibration sensor detection cutting force
Device vibration processed illustrates that there are deviation, pressures for radial position when the installation of cutting force automatic control device if there is abnormal vibrations value
Compel to main shaft, at this moment need in the horizontal direction with position that loading device holder is slightly adjusted on vertical direction, until detecting
Vibration values only by external environment influence, and numerical value is almost nil.
Two laser displacement sensors of 2.3 adjustment detection radial vibrations, keep registration minimum, i.e., measurement point is perpendicular through axis
Line.
2.4 open spindle inverters, and simultaneously dry running for a period of time, opens the status monitoring in industrial personal computer to correct startup main shaft
Software, and whether observe the state parameter that sensor detects normal, however, it is determined that it is errorless.Then complete the debugging and detection before experiment
Work.It is prepared to enter into the formal experimental stage.
Step 3：Reliability test simulates operating mode load test
3.1 load spectrum according to the main shaft random rotation being collected into step 1, analyze the requirement of tested main shaft loading condition,
When determining that often step needs the test parameters set and experiment in the total testing time, experiment process and flow of reliability test
Between.
3.2 open tested main shaft and enter simulation loading pattern, respectively to reliability test cutting force size, cutting
Force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate are controlled.
If there is exception or fault alarm, hard stop in 3.3 state-detection softwares.According to detection signal, to tested master
Axis or experimental rig are checked that analysis generates the reason of abnormal signal is mutated or failure that may be present, and data are recorded
In library.Taxonomic revision and storage are carried out to test data after experiment every time, so as to the analysis in later stage.
Specific embodiment
Main shaft reliability test of the present invention and method are mainly made of two large divisions, i.e., main shaft reliability is tried
Experiment device part and main shaft reliability test method part.
One, main shaft reliability test part
Main shaft reliability test described in patent of the present invention, by main shaft erecting bed 8, cutting force automatic control device 7,
Cutting moment of torque loading device, condition monitoring device and ancillary equipment 5 modules are constituted.
Refering to fig. 1, the main shaft reliability test composed structure include ground black iron 1, oil-air lubrication controller 2,
Flow sensor 3, hydraulic station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, electric dynamometer 6, cutting force automatic control device 7, main shaft erecting bed 8,
Industrial personal computer 9.Wherein electric dynamometer 6, cutting force automatic control device 7, main shaft erecting bed 8 are mounted on ground black iron 1.Oil gas moistens
Sliding controller 2, hydraulic station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, electric dynamometer 6 and industrial personal computer 9 are placed on ground.The function of critical piece
It is as follows：
Oil-air lubrication controller 2 adjusts the oil-air lubrication amount for supplying tested main shaft according to the rule of reliability test method,
To simulate the oil-air lubrication amount in actual condition to main shaft；Flow sensor 3 is mounted on oil-air lubrication controller 2 and hydraulic station
The function of traffic monitoring is realized in the exit of 4 fluid；Hydraulic station 4 provides pulling force for the tool-broaching mechanism inside tested main shaft, realizes
Replace the function of simulation cutter 17；Cooling control cabinet 5 provides coolant liquid for main shaft, wherein have flow control valve, it can be according to demand
Control the flow of coolant liquid；Electric dynamometer 6 realizes the load to main shaft simulation cutting torque；Cutting force automatic control device 7
Realize the load to main shaft simulation cutting power size and direction；Main shaft erecting bed 8 realizes the installation to tested main shaft and tool
There is the adjustment function of position；Industrial personal computer 9 realizes the parameter acquisition and control function to entire reliability test system, while can
The operation conditions of testing stand is shown in the display.
Referring to Fig.2, the main shaft erecting bed, which includes main shaft, embraces folder 10, main shaft 11, position base adjuster 12, lower margin spiral shell
Bolt 13, main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14 form.Main shaft embraces the outer ring that 10 machinery of folder wraps up entire main shaft 11, realizes to tested main shaft
It is fixed.14 supports main shaft of main shaft erecting bed pedestal embraces folder 10 and simultaneously provides certain mounting height, and the two is again by being bolted.
4 position base adjusters 12 realize the fine tuning of major axis horizontal radial position using screw mechanism, are examined using laser alignment instrument
After survey, position can be prompted to adjust separately 4 position base adjusters according to laser alignment instrument, realize horizontal pair with ground direction
In.Main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14 is mounted on ground black iron 1.It, can be by increasing or decreasing ground when short transverse, which exists, to be misaligned
The alignment deviation of gasket adjustment vertical direction between foot bolt 13 and main shaft erecting bed pedestal 14.Include two laser positions in figure
Displacement sensor 15, vertical distribution are fixed on main shaft using magnetic force suction base and embrace folder outer surface, and adjustment position makes laser displacement sensor
15 laser heads are directed at tested main shaft apart from 15 most proximal end of laser displacement sensor so that the shift value detected it is minimum, it can be achieved that
Detection to parameters such as main shaft circular runout and rotating accuracies.Bearing loading device 16 is made of a pair of bearings and shell, outside
There are one spherical pits on the loading surface of shell, so that the loading bar 34 of 31 front end of piezoelectric ceramics loader coordinates with it.Simulate knife
Cutter of the tool 17 when being for analog main shaft actual cut, while facilitating the load of cutting force and the cutting moment of torque, one end with
Tool-broaching mechanism connection inside main shaft 11, the other end are attached with shaft coupling 18 by key.The connection simulation cutter of shaft coupling 18
17 with the output end of electric dynamometer 6, so that electric dynamometer 6 carries out tested main shaft 11 load of the cutting moment of torque.
Refering to Fig. 3, the cutting force automatic control device adjusts machine by cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction
Structure, electromagnetic locking mechanism and the most of composition of loading device holder four.It is described as follows：
Refering to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, the cutting force size load maintainer by bearing loading device 16, stepper motor 29,
Screw pair 30, piezoelectric ceramics loader 31, loading bar 34, rotary drive bearing block 35, level-one cutting power load maintainer pedestal 36
Composition.First order cutting force load in cutting force size is realized by spiral load maintainer.Stepper motor 29 is adopted with screw pair 30
Coaxially connected with shaft coupling, rotary drive bearing block 35 realizes fixation and guide function to screw pair 30.Screw pair 30 it is another
One end is connected with 31 tail end of piezoelectric ceramics loader, and the rotation of stepper motor 29 switchs to band dynamic pressure after moving along a straight line by screw pair
Electroceramics loader 31 does linear reciprocating motion on arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate 38.Therefore, when stepper motor 29 rotates centainly
When step angle, 31 straight forward movement certain distance of piezoelectric ceramics loader can be driven by screw pair 30.Due to stepping electricity
The step angle very little of machine, and worm drive have the function of that deceleration force amplifier and reverse self-locking, the entire level-one cutting wrench of a force system add
Mounted mechanism has larger rigidity and can apply larger constant force.The load of two level high frequency cutting force is to utilize piezoelectric ceramics
The inverse piezoelectric effect of itself of loader 31 realizes high frequency load.
Refering to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the cutting force direction adjustment organization is by radiai adjustment mechanism and arc regulating mechanism group
At the space angle of variation control loading bar 34 and bearing loading device 16 by controlling both direction is finally realized certain
Load in range to 11 space any direction of main shaft.
Refering to fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, the cutting force radiai adjustment mechanism by radial rotary driving platform pedestal 23,
Radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings 24, servo-electric push rod 25, radial rotary driving platform top bearing block 26 to form.It is radial
Rotation driving platform bottom bearings 24 are mounted on radial rotary driving platform pedestal 23, servo-electric push rod 25 are mounted on radial
In rotation driving platform bottom bearings 24, servo-electric push rod 25 drives about 26 bearing block at the top of radial rotary driving platform to transport
It is dynamic, so that cutting force loading device skeleton 33 and its upper part is rotated around bearing 47, to make piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 around by
The axis rotation for trying main shaft, to realize the adjusting of loading bar 34 and main shaft radial angle.
Refering to Fig. 3, Fig. 6, the arc regulating mechanism by cambered way 20, arc Driving Stepping Motor 27, idler wheel 37,
Arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate 38, arc-shaped rack 43, gear 44, idler wheel support plate 45 are constituted.Three cambered ways 20 are mounted on load
On organization soleplate 22, there are five idler wheel support plate 45, an intermediate slideways to install one for the installation of 38 bottom of arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate
The slideway of idler wheel support plate 45, both sides installs two idler wheel support plates 45.Each idler wheel support plate 45 is separately installed in its four corners
One idler wheel 37 so that idler wheel 37 can slide on cambered way 20, realize arcuate movement bottom plate 38 according to given arc
Track moves, it is therefore an objective to loading bar 34 be made to be directed toward in the spherical groove of bearing loading device 16 always.Arc Driving Stepping Motor
27 driving gears 44 move on arc-shaped rack 43 according to the set rule of cambered way, to make arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate 38
And all parts of upper part realize the cutting force load side of cutting force automatic control device by the set rule movement of cambered way
To the adjusting with main-shaft axis angle.
Refering to Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 7, the electromagnetic locking mechanism is by electromagnetic clutch 28, electromagnetic force lock sheet 39, spring
Resetting shaft 40, guide rod 41, locking friction plate 42 form.Electromagnetic clutch 28 uses existing product, is fixed on arcuate movement machine
38 upper surface of structure bottom plate, built-in two blocks of magnet, upper magnet up and down are fixed with own enclosure, and lower magnet and guide rod 41 and spring are multiple
Position 40 upper end of axis connects firmly simultaneously.41 lower end of guide rod is connect with electromagnetic force lock sheet 39,40 lower end elder generation of spring reset axis and electromagnetism
Power lock sheet 39 connect after, then with locking friction plate 42 be threaded；In the loaded state, PLC sends out signal and makes electricity
Magnet clutch 28 is in energized state, since the effect spring reset axis 40 of electromagnetic force, electromagnetic force lock sheet 39 lock friction plate
42 move upwards, and make friction plate and load maintainer floor firm contact.Due to the effect of frictional force, electromagnetic clutch 28, arc
Motion bottom plate 38,39 spring reset axis 40 of electromagnetic force lock sheet, load maintainer floor 22, these parts of locking friction plate 42
Securely fix together, can not relative motion, to realize the locking of entire arc-shaped movement mechanism.Need adjustment load force direction
When, PLC sends out signal and electromagnetic clutch 28 is powered off, the effect of the spring force in spring reset axis 40 of electromagnetic force lock sheet 39
It is in relaxed state down, locks friction plate 42 at this time and is in disengaged position with load maintainer bottom plate 22.Make arc adjustment mechanism
It can be with free movement.
Radiai adjustment mechanism is using 25 motor internal of the servo-electric push rod reverse self-locking characteristic of itself, to increase cutting
The rigidity of power automatic control device loading procedure.
Refering to Fig. 3, Fig. 8, the loading device holder is by load maintainer mounting bracket 19, column 21, load maintainer bottom
Plate 22, cutting force loading device skeleton 33, cutting force loading device shell 46, bearing 47 form.Entire cutting force automatically controls
Device one end is coordinated by bearing 47, is supported by load maintainer mounting bracket 19, and the other end is by the servo in radiai adjustment mechanism
Electric pushrod 25 is fixed, and is realized under SERVO CONTROL, and cutting force automatic control device is adjusted around the gyratory directions of 11 axis of main shaft.Add
Mounted mechanism mounting bracket 19 is connect with ground black iron.
Refering to Fig. 9, the control principle of the cutting force automatic control device is as follows.It will be needed for experiment by mouse-keyboard
Parameter input industrial personal computer in, control parameter is transmitted to PLC by industrial personal computer by RS232 communications protocol, and PLC output parameters are to watching
Take driver.Control system needs to realize cutting force direction controlling, the locking control of cutting force direction and the control of cutting force size
Three parts.For cutting force direction controlling, servo-driver is cut according to given rule driving servo-electric push rod to realize
The movement of power radiai adjustment mechanism is cut, the radial position of cutting force automatic control device is adjusted.Servo-driver controls arc and drives
Dynamic stepper motor, realizes the movement of arcuate directions adjustment mechanism, so as to adjust the direction of cutting force automatic control device.Adjustment side
After, servo-driver outputs signal to electromagnetic coil, so that electromagnetic locking mechanism realizes locking.For cutting force
The control of size is divided into two-stage Loading Control.In level-one load, servo-driver controls stepper motor and drives screw mechanism, makes
Piezoelectric ceramics loader integrally does feed motion.In the second level loads, servo-driver controls piezoelectric ceramics loader and realizes
High frequency cutting force loads.From backfeed loop, each module has sensor, so as to by positional value, shift value or pressure
Value after filtering by, through being transmitted back to industrial personal computer by data collecting card, realizing the real time monitoring to quantity of state and closed-loop control.
Refering to fig. 10, the main shaft reliability test includes cutting force automatic control device and state monitoring apparatus
Two parts.Cutting force automatic control device can complete cutting force size, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, coolant rate with
And the load of bearing lubrication amount.Respectively use cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction control mechanism, electric dynamometer,
Coolant rate control valve and oil-air lubrication controller are realized.It realizes through these means and operating mode is simulated to main shaft experimental rig
Load.Condition monitoring device physical quantity to be detected has：Radial vibration, axial vibration, twisting vibration, electric current and temperature
Value.Eddy current displacement sensor, laser displacement sensor, current sensor and temperature sensor detection is respectively adopted, to obtain
Take the state parameter of main shaft reliability test.Application test platform coordinates fault diagnosis software, it can be achieved that can to main shaft
By the assessment of property.
Refering to fig. 11, the main shaft reliability test method can be summarized as following steps：
Numerically-controlled machine tool essential information, Cutting Process data and lathe operation feelings are obtained and recorded by on-the-spot test first
Condition.Inherent correspondence based on machine cut power, the cutting moment of torque, rotating speed and cycle-index, is analyzed and is located by mathematical measure
These initial load parameters for managing acquisition, are developed loading spectrum.Or simplified using the method establishment of equivalent actual condition
Loading spectrum.The rule of application load spectrum controls cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction control mechanism, electric power measurement of power respectively
Machine, coolant rate control valve and oil-air lubrication controller realize the simulation to main shaft actual condition.Add carrying out reliability
Need loading spectrum and the test mission according to establishment it needs to be determined that test period and flow before load experiment.
It needs to carry out experimental rig debugging before carrying out main shaft reliability load test, it is logical including main shaft and dynamometer machine
Cross being adjusted to neutral adjusting, loading device installation site after shaft coupling installation and the installation of sensor.After debugging, in order to
The performance of main shaft is weighed, control group of the dry run experiment as load test is carried out.Start main shaft, it is uniform in other experiment conditions
It in the case of cause, is required according to loading experiment, selectes main shaft normal revolution respectively and carry out dry run experiment, tested in dry run
In, using the forward and reverse rotation of Frequency Converter Control main shaft, the speed of mainshaft is measured using dynamometer machine, collect main-axis end vibration,
The volume of data such as bearing temperature, displacement, voltage, and record data in following table；Only after above-mentioned debugging passes through, just may be used
To carry out main shaft reliability test according to loading spectrum.
During main shaft failtests, the working order for monitoring main shaft in real time is needed, once tested master occurs for main shaft
Shaft portion function loses, tested main shaft portion performance parameter beyond allow in product technology condition range, spindle rotor friction,
When the failures such as main shaft misaligns or machinery loosens or exception, needs to shut down in time, main shaft failure is incorporated into after fault data is arranged
In database, main shaft failure detection and maintenance platform are established.Vibration signal or noise when being occurred according to collected failure
Signal is observed and is analyzed to signal with the common method for diagnosing faults such as Fourier transformation, wavelet analysis and S-transformation,
Main shaft failure feature is extracted, state status of the main shaft under faulty and fault-free is judged, further analyzes the event of tested main shaft
Hinder type, then assesses the reliability level of main shaft.
Heretofore described example is for the ease of field technology personnel it will be appreciated that and the with the application of the invention, present invention
A kind of only example of optimization, or perhaps a kind of preferable specific technical solution.If relevant technical staff is adhering to this
In the case of invention basic technical scheme, makes the equivalent structure variation for needing not move through creative work or various modifications all exist
In protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls, is mainly controlled by main shaft erecting bed (8), cutting force automatically
Device (7), cutting moment of torque loading device, condition monitoring device and ancillary equipment composition processed；It is characterized in that：
The main shaft erecting bed (8) includes that main shaft embraces folder (10), main shaft (11) and main shaft erecting bed pedestal (14)；
The main shaft embraces the outer ring that folder (10) wraps main shaft (11), and main shaft erecting bed pedestal (14) supports main shaft embraces folder
(10), main shaft erecting bed pedestal (14) is mounted on the ground black iron (1) in ancillary equipment；
The cutting force automatic control device (7) is by cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction adjustment organization, electromagnetic locking
Mechanism and loading device holder composition：
The cutting force size load maintainer includes stepper motor (29), screw pair (30), piezoelectric ceramics loader (31) and rotation
Turn drive bearing block (35)；
The fixed screw pair (30) of rotary drive bearing block (35), screw pair (30) one end and stepper motor (29) be connected, spiral shell
The other end of rotation secondary (30) is fixedly connected with piezoelectric ceramics loader (31)；
The cutting force direction adjustment organization is divided into arc regulating mechanism and radiai adjustment mechanism two parts；
The arc regulating mechanism includes cambered way (20), arc Driving Stepping Motor (27), idler wheel (37), arcuate movement machine
Structure bottom plate (38), arc-shaped rack (43) and gear (44)；
The radiai adjustment mechanism include radial rotary driving platform pedestal (23), radial rotary driving platform bottom bearings (24),
Bearing block (26) at the top of servo-electric push rod (25), radial rotary driving platform；
The stepper motor (29) drives piezoelectric ceramics loader (31) in arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate by screw pair (30)
(38) linear reciprocating motion is done on；
The cambered way (20) is fixed on the load maintainer bottom plate (22) in loading device holder, arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate
(38) bottom is equipped with idler wheel (37), and idler wheel (37) can slide on cambered way (20)；
Arc Driving Stepping Motor (27) the driving gear (44) moves on arc-shaped rack (43), to make arcuate movement machine
Structure bottom plate (38) is moved by cambered way；
The rotation driving platform pedestal (23) is fixed on ground black iron (1) upper surface, and the radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings
(24) it is fixed on radial rotary driving platform pedestal (23), servo-electric push rod (25) is mounted on radial rotary driving platform bottom axis
In bearing (24), servo-electric push rod (25) drives bearing block (26) at the top of radial rotary driving platform to move up and down, loading device
Cutting force loading device skeleton (33) in holder is rotated around bearing (47), to make piezoelectric ceramics loader (31) around tested master
The axis of axis rotates；
The electromagnetic locking mechanism includes electromagnetic clutch (28)；
The electromagnetic clutch (28) is mounted on arc-shaped movement mechanism bottom plate (38)；
The cutting moment of torque loading device includes electric dynamometer (6) and shaft coupling (18), shaft coupling (18) connection simulation cutter
(17) with electric dynamometer (6), the tested main shaft (11) to hold simulation cutter (17) connects with electric dynamometer (6)
It connects.
2. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force according to claim 1 automatically controls, it is characterised in that：
The condition detecting device includes flow sensor (3), laser displacement sensor (15), pressure sensor (32), electric current
Sensor and temperature sensor；
Flow sensor (3) is mounted on the exit of oil-air lubrication controller (2) and hydraulic station (4) fluid；Laser displacement senses
Device (15) is fixed on main shaft and embraces on folder (10) shell；Pressure sensor (32) is installed on the load in cutting force size load maintainer
The front of stick (34), current sensor are installed in the three-phase power line of tested main shaft；Temperature sensor is set to main shaft
(11) it at shell or is pre-loaded into main shaft (11)；
The ancillary equipment further includes oil-air lubrication controller (2), hydraulic station (4), cooling control cabinet (5), industrial personal computer (9)；
Electric dynamometer (6), cutting force automatic control device (7), main shaft erecting bed (8) are mounted on ground black iron (1)；Oil gas moistens
Sliding controller (2), hydraulic station (4), cooling control cabinet (5), industrial personal computer (9) are placed on the ground.
3. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force according to claim 1 automatically controls, it is characterised in that：
The cambered way (20) is equipped with three；
There are two radial rotary driving platform bottom bearings (24) are set；
There are two bearing block (26) is set at the top of radial rotary driving platform；
There are two electromagnetic clutch (28) is set；
There are two bearing (47) is set.
4. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force according to claim 1 automatically controls, it is characterised in that：
The main shaft erecting bed further includes position base adjuster (12), and the position base adjuster (12) utilizes screw mechanism
The fine tuning for realizing major axis horizontal radial position can prompt position after using laser alignment instrument detection according to laser alignment instrument
Position base adjuster is adjusted, realizes the centering of horizontal direction；
The electromagnetic locking mechanism further includes electromagnetic force lock sheet (39), spring reset axis (40), guide rod (41), locks and rub
Pad (42)；
Two blocks of magnet, upper end magnet are fixed with own enclosure up and down built in the electromagnetic clutch (28), lower end magnet and guiding
Bar (41) and spring reset axis (40) upper end connect firmly simultaneously, and guide rod (41) and spring reset axis (40) lower end are locked with electromagnetic force
Piece (39) connects, and spring reset axis (40) bottom is connect with locking friction plate (42)；
The electromagnetic force lock sheet (39) is equipped with two panels；
Spring reset axis (40) is equipped with two；
Guide rod (41) is equipped with two；
It locks friction plate (42) and is equipped with two panels.
5. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force according to claim 1 automatically controls, it is characterised in that：
The cutting force size load maintainer further includes bearing loading device (16)；
The bearing loading device (16) is made of a pair of bearings and shell, the loading surface of shell there are one spherical pit, so as to
The loading bar (34) of piezoelectric ceramics loader (31) front end coordinates with spherical pit.
6. a kind of test method for the main shaft reliability test that cutting force as described in claim 1 automatically controls, special
Sign is, includes the following steps：
Step 1：It obtains and handles load and state parameter；
1.1 at the scene on machine tool chief axis respectively installation cutting tension gauge, torque meter and flow sensor (3) to acquire reality
Duty parameter；
1.2 by collected cutting force size, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate data
It is stored into the software database of acquisition system, the collected stochastic parameter of different lathes is assigned in certain period of time, make
It is made random rotation load spectrum；
1.3, by removable storage medium or telecommunication network, the random rotation load spectrum of establishment or existing loading spectrum are transferred to
In the industrial personal computer (9) for the main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls；
Step 2：It is detected and debugs before the main shaft reliability test work automatically controlled to cutting force；
2.1 unclamp the foundation bolt (13) of main shaft erecting bed (8), using laser alignment instrument, detection main shaft erecting bed (8) and electric power
Dynamometer machine (6) to neutrality, and according to laser alignment instrument indicate adjustment main shaft erecting bed pedestal (14), if on altitude azimuth
Appearance misaligns error, and the registration according to laser alignment instrument is needed to increase or decrease main shaft erecting bed pedestal (14) and foundation bolt
(13) gasket between, until being prompted in centering instrument to neutral bias within zone of reasonableness, the lower margin of fastening main shaft erecting bed (8)
Bolt (13)；
2.2 start main shaft, are not turned on cutting force automatic control device, and dress is automatically controlled with three-way vibration sensor detection cutting force
Vibration is set, there are deviation, pressures for radial position when more than the installation of cutting force automatic control device is illustrated if there is abnormal vibrations value
Compel to main shaft, in the horizontal direction with position that loading device holder is slightly adjusted on vertical direction, until the vibration values detected
It is almost nil；
Two laser displacement sensors (15) of 2.3 adjustment radial vibrations detections, keep detected value minimum, i.e., measurement point be axis most
Overall diameter；
2.4 open spindle inverters, and simultaneously for a period of time, the status monitoring opened in industrial personal computer is soft for dry running for correct startup main shaft
Whether part, the state parameter that observation sensor detects are normal, however, it is determined that and it is errorless, then complete the debugging before experiment and detection work
Make, is prepared to enter into step 3；
Step 3：The main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls simulates operating mode load test；
3.1, according to the requirement of tested main shaft loading condition, determine the total testing time, experiment process and flow of reliability test
In often step need the test parameters and test period that set；
3.2 open tested main shaft and enter simulation loading pattern, respectively to reliability test cutting force size, cutting force side
To, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate controlled；
If there is exception or fault alarm, hard stop in 3.3 state-detection softwares；According to detection signal, to tested main shaft or
Experimental rig is checked that analysis generates the reason of abnormal signal is mutated or failure that may be present, is recorded in database；
Taxonomic revision and storage are carried out to test data after experiment every time, are used for the analysis in later stage.
7. the main shaft reliability test method that a kind of cutting force according to claim 6 automatically controls, it is characterised in that：
Loading spectrum in the step 1.3 refers to that the inherence based on machine cut power, the cutting moment of torque, rotating speed and cycle-index is corresponding
Relationship is analyzed and is handled by mathematical measure these initial load parameters of acquisition, developed loading spectrum；Or using etc.
The method establishment for imitating actual condition simplifies loading spectrum；The rule of application load spectrum controls cutting force size load maintainer, cuts respectively
Force direction control mechanism, electric dynamometer, coolant rate control valve and oil-air lubrication controller are cut, is realized to main shaft reality
The simulation of operating mode；Loading spectrum and test mission according to establishment are being needed before carrying out reliability load test it needs to be determined that when experiment
Between and flow.
8. the main shaft reliability test method that a kind of cutting force according to claim 6 automatically controls, it is characterised in that：
It includes that main shaft and dynamometer machine are logical that debugging is carried out before the main shaft reliability test work automatically controlled to cutting force
Cross being adjusted to neutral adjusting, loading device installation site after shaft coupling installation and the installation of sensor；
After debugging, in order to weigh the performance of main shaft, control group of the dry run experiment as load test is carried out；Start main shaft,
It in the case where other experiment conditions are consistent, is required according to loading experiment, selectes main shaft normal revolution respectively and carry out dry run
Experiment, using the forward and reverse rotation of Frequency Converter Control main shaft, measures the speed of mainshaft using dynamometer machine, adopts in dry run experiment
Collect main-axis end vibration, bearing temperature, displacement, voltage volume of data, and records data in table；Only when above-mentioned tune
After pinging, just the main shaft reliability test that cutting force automatically controls can be carried out according to loading spectrum.
9. the main shaft reliability test method that a kind of cutting force according to claim 6 automatically controls, it is characterised in that：
Analysis described in step 3.3 generates the reason of abnormal signal mutation or failure that may be present refers to：
Vibration signal when being occurred according to collected failure or noise signal become with Fourier transformation, wavelet analysis and S
The method for diagnosing faults changed is observed and is analyzed to signal, and main shaft failure feature is extracted, and judges main shaft faulty and without reason
State status under barrier, further analyzes fault type, the between-failures parameter of tested main shaft, and the reliability to assess main shaft carries
For basis.
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