CN106441886A - Cutting force automatic control main shaft reliability test device and test method - Google Patents
Cutting force automatic control main shaft reliability test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106441886A CN106441886A CN201611120149.9A CN201611120149A CN106441886A CN 106441886 A CN106441886 A CN 106441886A CN 201611120149 A CN201611120149 A CN 201611120149A CN 106441886 A CN106441886 A CN 106441886A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses and relates to a cutting force automatic control main shaft reliability test device and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical test equipment and method. The problems that in the prior art, the real work conditions of a main shaft cannot be accurately and dynamically simulated; the control mode is complicated; the equipment manufacturing cost is high are solved. The main shaft reliability test device consists of a main shaft installing table, a cutting force automatic control device, a cutting torque loading device, state monitoring equipment and auxiliary equipment, wherein the cutting force automatic control device consists of a cutting force magnitude loading mechanism, a cutting force direction regulating mechanism, an electromagnetic locking mechanism and a loading device support frame. The test method of the main shaft reliability test device comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining and processing the load and state parameters; 2, performing detection and debugging on the cutting force automatic control main shaft reliability test device before the work; 3, the cutting force automatic control main shaft reliability test device simulates the work condition loading experiments.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical test device and method technical field, being related to a kind of main shaft of simulated machine tool main shaft operating mode can
By property assay device and a kind of test method of main shaft reliability.
Background technology
Main shaft is one of critical component of Digit Control Machine Tool, and its reliability level directly affects the reliability of whole machine.To main shaft
Reliability test is carried out, is found its weak link and targetedly improved, the reliability of lathe can be greatly improved.Cause
This, carried out being directed to the reliability test of machine tool chief axis in a large number both at home and abroad.But reliability test is being carried out to machine tool chief axis
During, rarely assay device being capable of approximate simulation real working condition.In the design of charger, most of test both at home and abroad
Platform can only realize the dynamic control in load parameter to chip power size, and the change for cutting force direction generally requires to shut down defensive position
Dynamic regulation.And the controllable assay device of force direction is cut in part, realized by the synthesis of power using multiple stage loader,
Under high frequency loading mode, while controlling the cutting force size in three directions to be difficult to realize the accurate control to cutting force.From economy
Consider in angle that the device complexity of existing multiple stage loader scheme causes assay device relatively costly, becomes reliability test
Platform is difficult to one of major reason that popularizes.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved be overcome prior art exist cannot accurate simulation main shaft real working condition,
A kind of problem of the complicated and device fabrication cost intensive of control mode, there is provided the main shaft reliability test that cutting force is automatically controlled
Device and test method.
Main shaft reliability test can carry out the reliability test of main shaft according to specific loading rule, at utmost also
The real working condition of former tested main shaft.For assay device work state information is obtained, state is carried out to the running parameter of assay device
Monitoring, so as to provide data support for later stage fault diagnosis, is that machine tool chief axis reliability load test provides strong technology
Ensure.And the program can efficiently excite the fault of tested main shaft weak link, the reliability of machine tool chief axis is verified.
For the problem of cutting force direction controlling, a set of cutting force automaton is researched and developed, only by a loader control
The size of system cutting, an adjustment mechanism controls the direction of cutting force.For the select permeability of loader, using worm drive with
The two-stage load mode that piezoelectric ceramics combines, can either ensure the rigidity of load maintainer and load length range, and can provide
High loading frequency.Mechanism is locked by electromagnetic clutch to be fixed the direction after cutting force direction is adjusted, increase
The rigidity of cutting force direction adjusting apparatus.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization, is described with reference to the drawings as follows：
The main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force is automatically controlled, is mainly controlled automatically by main shaft erecting bed 8, cutting force
Device processed 7, cutting moment of torque charger, condition monitoring device and auxiliary equipment composition；
The main shaft erecting bed 8 includes that main shaft embraces folder 10, main shaft 11 and main shaft erecting bed base 14；
The outer ring that folder 10 wraps main shaft 11 embraced by the main shaft, and main shaft is embraced folder 10 with main shaft and fixed, main shaft erecting bed bottom
14 supports main shaft of seat embrace folder 10, and main shaft erecting bed base 14 is on the ground black iron 1 in auxiliary equipment；
The cutting force automaton 7 is by cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction adjustment organization, electromagnetic lock
Tight mechanism and charger support composition：
The cutting force size load maintainer includes motor 29, screw pair 30, piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 and rotation
Drive bearing block 35；
Rotary drive bearing block 35 fixes screw pair 30, and 30 one end of screw pair is connected using shaft coupling with motor 29,
The other end of screw pair 30 is fastenedly connected with piezoelectric ceramics loader 31；
The cutting force direction adjustment organization is divided into arc governor motion and radiai adjustment mechanism two parts；
The arc governor motion includes cambered way 20, arc drive stepping motor 27, roller 37, arc-shaped movement mechanism
Base plate 38, arc-shaped rack 43 and gear 44；
The radiai adjustment mechanism include radial rotary drive platform base 23, radial rotary drive platform bottom bearings 24,
Servo-electric push rod 25, radial rotary drives platform top bearing block 26；
The motor 29 drives piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 on arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate 38 by screw pair 30
Do linear reciprocating motion；
The cambered way 20 is fixed on the load maintainer base plate 22 in charger support, arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate
38 bottoms are provided with roller 37, and roller 37 can be slided on respective cambered way 20；So as to realize whole arc-shaped movement mechanism
The arcuate movement planar of base plate 38.
27 drive gear 44 of the arc drive stepping motor is moved on arc-shaped rack 43, so that arc-shaped movement mechanism
Base plate 38 presses cambered way motion；
Described rotation driving platform base 23 is fixed on ground 1 upper surface of black iron, and radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings 24
It is fixed on radial rotary to drive on platform base 23, servo-electric push rod 25 drives platform bottom bearings 24 installed in radial rotary
On, servo-electric push rod 25 drives radial rotary to drive platform top bearing block 26 to move up and down, cutting force loading device skeleton 33
Bearing 47 in charger support rotates, so that all parts for wrapping up in cutting force loading device skeleton 33, most close
Key is that piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 is rotated around the axis of tested main shaft；
Described electromagnetic locking mechanism includes electromagnetic clutch 28；
The electromagnetic clutch 28 is on arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate 38；
The cutting moment of torque charger includes electric dynamometer 6 and shaft coupling 18, the connection simulation cutter 17 of shaft coupling 18
With electric dynamometer 6, it is connected with electric dynamometer 6 so as to the tested main shaft 11 for simulating cutter 17 will be hold.
Condition detecting device described in technical scheme includes flow transducer 3, laser displacement sensor 15, pressure transducer
32nd, current sensor and temperature sensor；
Flow transducer 3 is installed in oil-air lubrication controller 2 and the exit of 4 fluid of Hydraulic Station；Laser displacement sensor
15 are embraced on the shell of folder 10 in main shaft with magnetic base absorption；Pressure transducer 32 is installed in cutting force size load maintainer
The front portion of loading bar 34, current sensor is installed in the three-phase power line of tested main shaft；Temperature sensor is arranged at main shaft
At 11 shell or it is pre-loaded in main shaft 11.
The auxiliary equipment also includes oil-air lubrication controller 2, Hydraulic Station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, industrial computer 9；
Electric dynamometer 6, cutting force automaton 7, main shaft erecting bed 8 are on ground black iron 1；Oil-air lubrication control
Device processed 2, Hydraulic Station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, industrial computer 9 are placed on the ground；
Cambered way 20 described in technical scheme is provided with three；
Radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings 24 to be provided with two；
Radial rotary drives platform top bearing block 26 to be provided with two；
Electromagnetic clutch 28 is provided with two；
Bearing 47 is provided with two.
Main shaft erecting bed described in technical scheme also includes position base actuator 12,12 profit of the position base actuator
The fine setting of major axis horizontal radial position is realized with screw mechanism, after being detected using laser alignment instrument, can be according to laser alignment
Position adjustment position base actuator pointed out by instrument, realizes the centering of horizontal direction；
Described electromagnetic locking mechanism also includes electromagnetic force stay 39, spring reset axle 40, guide post 41, locking friction
Piece 42；
The built-in upper and lower two blocks of Magnet of the electromagnetic clutch 28, upper end Magnet is fixed with own enclosure, lower end Magnet with lead
To bar 41 and 40 upper end of spring reset axle while connecting firmly, guide post 41 and 40 lower end of spring reset axle are with electromagnetic force stay 39 even
Connect, 40 bottom of spring reset axle is connected with locking friction plate 42；
Electromagnetic force stay 39 is provided with two panels；
Spring reset axle 40 is provided with two；
Guide post 41 is provided with two；
Friction lock piece 42 is provided with two panels.
Cutting force size load maintainer described in technical scheme also includes bearing loading device 16, bearing loading device 16
It is made up of with shell a pair of bearings, the loading surface of shell has a spherical pit, adding so as to 31 front end of piezoelectric ceramics loader
Carry rod 34 to coordinate with spherical pit.Equivalent in the additional shell of bearing so that load(ing) point on shell, by bearing by mould
Intend cutting force and be delivered to tested main shaft 11.
A kind of test method of the main shaft reliability test that cutting force is automatically controlled, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Load is obtained and is processed with state parameter；
1.1 to be respectively mounted cutting tension gauge, torque meter and flow transducer 3 at the scene on machine tool chief axis real so as to collection
Border duty parameter；
1.2 by the cutting force size for collecting, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate
Data storage is in the software database of acquisition system, and the stochastic parameter that different lathes are collected is assigned to certain period of time
Interior, it is fabricated to random rotation and loads spectrum；
1.3 by may move storage medium or telecommunication network, and the random rotation of establishment is loaded spectrum or existing loading spectrum biography
In the industrial computer 9 of the defeated main shaft reliability test for automatically controlling to cutting force；
Step 2：Detected before the main shaft reliability test work automatically controlled by cutting force and debugged；
2.1 foundation bolts 13 for unclamping main shaft erecting bed 8, using laser alignment instrument, detect that main shaft erecting bed 8 is surveyed with electric power
The centering of work(machine 6, and main shaft erecting bed base 14 is adjusted according to the instruction of laser alignment instrument, if occurring not on altitude azimuth
The error of centralization, needs to increase or decrease the pad between main shaft erecting bed base 14 and foundation bolt 13 according to the registration of laser alignment instrument
Piece, points out centering sexual deviation within zone of reasonableness in centering instrument, fastens the foundation bolt 13 of main shaft erecting bed 8；
2.2 start main shaft, are not turned on cutting force automaton, are controlled with three-way vibration sensor detection cutting force automatically
Device vibration processed, inclined if existing more than radial position when illustrating if there is abnormal vibrations value that cutting force automaton is installed
Difference, is urged to main shaft, in the horizontal direction the position with slight adjustment charger support on vertical direction, until detected shakes
Dynamic value is almost nil；
Two laser displacement sensors 15 of 2.3 adjustment radial vibration detections, make detected value minimum, i.e. measurement point for axle
Most outer diameter；
2.4 open spindle inverters, correct start main shaft dry running for a period of time, open the status monitoring in industrial computer
Software, whether the state parameter that observation sensor is detected is normal, however, it is determined that errorless, then complete the debugging before experiment and detection work
Make, be prepared to enter into step 3；
Step 3：The main shaft reliability test simulated condition load test that cutting force is automatically controlled：
3.1 according to the requirement of tested main shaft loading condition, determine the total testing time of reliability test, experiment process and
In flow process, often step needs test parameterss and the test period for setting；
3.2 open tested main shaft and enter simulation loading pattern, respectively to reliability test cutting force size, cutting
Force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate are controlled；
If there is exception or fault alarm, hard stop in 3.3 state-detection softwares；According to detection signal, to tested master
Axle or assay device are checked, analysis is produced the reason for abnormal signal is mutated or fault that may be present, recorded data
In storehouse；Test carries out taxonomic revision and storage to test data after finishing every time, for the analysis in later stage.
Digit Control Machine Tool essential information described in technical scheme steps 1 includes lathe model and numbering, the speed of mainshaft, feeding speed
Degree, servo drive motor power, tool magazine capacity；
Cutting Process data include processing content, piece count, processing mode, cutter and handle of a knife model, cutting speed, the back of the body
Bite and cutting width；
When lathe ruuning situation includes the operation order of classes or grades at school of lathe, the downtime that causes because of machine failure and recovers to use
Between.
Loading spectrum in step 1.3 described in technical scheme is referred to based on machine cut power, the cutting moment of torque, rotating speed and circulation time
The inherent corresponding relation of number, is analyzed and processes these initial load parameters of collection, developed load by mathematical measure
Spectrum；Or loading spectrum is simplified using the method establishment of equivalent actual condition；The rule of application load spectrum controls cutting force big respectively
Little load maintainer, cutting force direction control mechanism, electric dynamometer, coolant rate control valve and oil-air lubrication controller,
Realize the simulation to main shaft actual condition；Loading spectrum and the test mission according to establishment is needed before reliability load test is carried out
It needs to be determined that test period and flow process.
Debugged including master before the main shaft reliability test work for described in technical scheme, cutting force being automatically controlled
Axle installed by shaft coupling with dynamometer machine after centering adjust, charger installation site adjust and sensor installation；
After debugging, in order to the performance of main shaft is weighed, dry run test is carried out as the matched group of load test；Start master
Axle, in the case that other experiment conditions are all consistent, requires according to loading experiment, selected main shaft normal revolution carries out dry run examination
Testing, in dry run test, using the forward and reverse rotation of Frequency Converter Control main shaft, the speed of mainshaft, collection is measured using dynamometer machine
Main-axis end vibration, bearing temperature, displacement, voltage volume of data, and record data in table；Only when above-mentioned debugging is logical
Later, just according to loading spectrum, the main shaft reliability test that cutting force is automatically controlled can be carried out.
Analysis described in technical scheme steps 3.3 is produced the reason for abnormal signal is mutated or fault that may be present is
Refer to：
Vibration signal or noise signal when being occurred according to the fault for collecting, with Fourier transformation, wavelet analysises
And the method for diagnosing faults of S-transformation is observed to signal and is analyzed, extract main shaft failure feature, judge main shaft faulty with
State status under fault-free, analyze fault type, the between-failures parameter of tested main shaft further, are the reliability for assessing main shaft
Property provide basis.
Compared with prior art the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1st, cutting force loading direction changeable mechanism structure novelty, it is only necessary to which a loader just can realize space cutting force
Load.Compared with the method for loading of making a concerted effort with existing multiple stage loader, current control is can solve the problem that with the low problem of loading accuracy simultaneously
And reduce the manufacturing cost of testing stand.
2nd, loader is designed with two-stage loading mode, can either meet load distance and loading force magnitude range change
Require, it is also possible to meet the requirement of loading frequency, and package unit is rigidly big and easy to process.
3rd, assay device can be realized to cutting force size, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, coolant rate, oil gas profit
The control of sliding amount, with more comprehensive mode comprehensive simulation machine tool chief axis actual condition.And can realize transporting assay device
State parameter during row carries out comprehensive monitoring, relatively accurately reflects the running status of tested main shaft.
4th, main shaft reliability test method is simple and practical, easily realizes program circuitization operation, substantially increases main shaft reliability
Property test efficiency and credibility.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the axonometric projection graph of the main shaft reliability test that cutting force of the present invention is automatically controlled；
Fig. 2 is main shaft erecting bed axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is cutting force automaton axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is cutting force size load maintainer axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is radiai adjustment mechanism of the present invention front view；
Fig. 6 is arc governor motion axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is electromagnetic locking mechanism of the present invention front view；
Fig. 8 is charger support axonometric drawing of the present invention；
The control principle drawing of the main shaft reliability test that Fig. 9 is automatically controlled for cutting force；
Figure 10 is the main shaft reliability test structure chart that cutting force of the present invention is automatically controlled；
Figure 11 is the main shaft reliability test method flow chart that cutting force of the present invention is automatically controlled；
In figure：
1. black iron, 2. oil-air lubrication controller, 3. flow transducer, 4. Hydraulic Station, 5. cooling control cabinet, 6. electric power survey
Work(machine, 7. cutting force automaton, 8. main shaft erecting bed, 9. industrial computer, 10. main shaft embrace folder, 11. main shafts, 12. base positions
Actuator is put, 13. foundation bolts, 14. main shaft erecting bed bases, 15. laser displacement sensors, 16. bearing loading devices, 17.
Simulation cutter, 18. shaft couplings, 19. load maintainer mounting brackets, 20. cambered ways, 21. columns, 22. load maintainer base plates,
23. radial rotaries drive platform base, and 24. radial rotaries drive platform bottom bearings, 25. servo-electric push rods, 26. radial rotaries
Driving platform top bearing block, 27. arc drive stepping motor, 28. electromagnetic clutchs, 29. motors, 30. screw pairs, 31.
Piezoelectric ceramics loader, 32. pressure transducers, 33. cutting force loading device skeletons, 34. loading bars, 35. worm drive bearings
Seat, 36. one-level cutting force load maintainer bases, 37. rollers, 38. arc-shaped movement mechanism base plates, 39. electromagnetic force stays, 40.
Spring reset axle, 41. guide posts, 42. locking friction plates, 43. arc-shaped racks, 44. gears, 45. roller support plates, 46. cutting force
Charger shell, 47. bearings.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is explained in detail：
A kind of main shaft reliability test, loads dress by main shaft erecting bed, cutting force automaton, the cutting moment of torque
Put, condition monitoring device and auxiliary equipment 5 modules are constituted.By main shaft erecting bed, tested main shaft is gripped；
Cutting force automaton can complete cutting force size, the control of cutting force direction；Cutting moment of torque charger can be real
Now the cutting moment of torque of main shaft is loaded；Condition monitoring device can realize the real-time monitoring to tested main shaft working condition；Auxiliary
Support platform of the equipment for needed for pilot system offer, realizes the control of oil-air lubrication, hydraulic power source, amount of cooling water, carries out state prison
The functions such as control.
Main shaft erecting bed of the present invention embraces folder 10, main shaft 11, position base actuator 12, foundation bolt by main shaft
13rd, main shaft erecting bed base 14 constitutes.Realize tested main shaft is gripped, the adjustment at phase angle be installed to tested main shaft,
The fine setting of base mounting orientation and the linkage function with ground black iron.
Cutting force automaton of the present invention adjusts machine by cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction
Structure, electromagnetic locking mechanism and the most of composition of charger support four：
Cutting force size load maintainer is by bearing loading device 16, motor 29, screw pair 30, piezoelectric ceramics loader
31st, loading bar 34, rotary drive bearing block 35, one-level cutting wrench of a force system load maintainer base 36 constitute.By spiral load maintainer
The loading of one-level steady state value cutting force is realized, piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 is realized two grades of high frequency cutting force and loaded.
Piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 adopts existing piezoelectric stack, in the presence of certain voltage, stacks the bar of leading portion just
Can slight vibration.Motor 29 drives piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 to do on arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate 38 by screw pair 30
Linear reciprocating motion, so as to realize first order loading.By controlling the voltage of piezoelectric ceramics loader 31, second level high frequency is realized
Load.
Cutting force direction adjustment organization is made up of arc governor motion and radiai adjustment mechanism, by controlling both direction
Loading of the load maintainer to main shaft space any direction is realized in change.Arc governor motion drives step by cambered way 20, arc
Stepper motor 27, roller 37, arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate 38, arc-shaped rack 43, gear 44, roller support plate 45 are constituted, and can be realized
Piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 and the regulation of main-shaft axis angle；Radiai adjustment mechanism drives platform base 23, radially by radial rotary
Rotation driving platform bottom bearings 24, servo-electric push rod 25, radial rotary drive platform top bearing block 26 to constitute.Realize piezoelectricity
Ceramic loader 31 and the regulation of main shaft radial rake.
Electromagnetic locking mechanism is by electromagnetic clutch 28, electromagnetic force stay 39, spring reset axle 40, guide post 41, locking
Friction plate 42 constitutes.The function of quick locking arc governor motion after direction is adjusted is realized, and radiai adjustment mechanism is by servo electricity
The internal reverse self-locking of dynamic push rod 25, so as to increase the rigidity of cutting force automaton loading procedure.
Charger support is by load maintainer mounting bracket 19, column 21, load maintainer base plate 22, cutting force loading device
Skeleton 33, cutting force loading device shell 46, bearing 47 constitute.Realize the position to cutting force automaton to fix and support.
Cutting moment of torque charger of the present invention is comprising electric dynamometer 6, simulation cutter 17 and shaft coupling 18, shaft coupling
The effect of device is connection simulation cutter 17 and electric dynamometer 6, so as to survey the main shaft 11 that hold simulation cutter 17 with electric power
Work(machine connects, and realizes the cutting moment of torque to main shaft and loads.
Condition detecting device of the present invention by flow transducer 3, laser displacement sensor 15, pressure transducer 32,
Current sensor, temperature sensor composition.The real-time monitoring to tested main shaft working condition is realized, is fault detect and fault report
Police provides strong hardware guarantee.Pressure transducer 32 is installed on the front portion of the loading bar 34 in cutting force size load maintainer, with
The approximate distance of bearing loading device 16 is 10cm；
Auxiliary equipment of the present invention is by ground black iron 1, oil-air lubrication controller 2, Hydraulic Station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, work
Control machine 9, simulation cutter 17 constitute.Its effect be respectively provide pilot system needed for support platform, realize oil-air lubrication control,
Hydraulic power source is provided, realizes amount of cooling water control, the function of realizing PC control, realize simulation loading.
The micromatic setting of the base mounting orientation of main shaft erecting bed described in technical scheme is provided with four；
Foundation bolt 13 is provided with six；
Laser displacement sensor 15 is provided with two；
Load maintainer mounting bracket 19 is provided with two；
Cambered way 20 is provided with three；
Column 21 is provided with two；
Radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings 24 to be provided with two；
Radial rotary drives platform top bearing block 26 to be provided with two；
Electromagnetic clutch 28 is provided with two；
Electromagnetic force stay 39 is provided with two panels；
Spring reset axle 40 is provided with two；
Guide post 41 is provided with two；
Friction lock piece 42 is provided with two panels；
Roller support plate 45 is provided with five pieces；
Bearing 47 is provided with two.
The control principle of cutting force automaton of the present invention is as follows：Industrial computer passes through RS232 communication modes
Control PLC, PLC control servo-driver and then realization are to cutting force direction, the locking of cutting force direction and cutting force size three
Partial control.For cutting force direction controlling, the radial direction position of cutting force automaton is realized by servo-electric push rod 25
The regulation that puts.Arc drive stepping motor 27 adjusts the actuated position of cutting force automaton.Electromagnetic locking mechanism realizes
Locking.For the control of cutting force size, it is divided into two-stage Loading Control.In the first order is loaded, servo-driver controls stepping
Motor drive screw mechanism, makes the overall straight-line feed that does of piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 move.In the second level loads, servo-drive
The voltage of device control piezoelectric ceramics loader 31, realizes the loading of high frequency cutting force based on inverse piezoelectric effect.From feedback circuit,
There is sensor each part, and state transfer is returned industrial computer, realizes the closed loop control to system.
Testing program and method
Another object of the present invention is to a kind of reliability test method based on main shaft reliability test is proposed, bag
Include following steps：
Step 1：The acquisition of load and state parameter and process
1.1 to be respectively mounted cutting tension gauge, torque meter and flow transducer at the scene on machine tool chief axis real so as to collection
Border duty parameter.
1.2 by the cutting force size for collecting, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate
The stochastic parameter that main shaft is not collected on the same stage is assigned to certain period of time in the database software of acquisition system by data storage
Interior, it is fabricated to random rotation and loads spectrum.
1.3 by may move storage medium or telecommunication network, and the random rotation of establishment is loaded spectrum or existing loading spectrum biography
In the defeated industrial computer to experimental provision.
Step 2：Detection and debugging before assay device work
2.1 foundation bolts for unclamping main shaft erecting bed, using laser alignment instrument, detect main shaft erecting bed and electric dynamometer
Centering, and main shaft erecting bed base 14 is adjusted according to the instruction of laser alignment instrument, if occurring on altitude azimuth misaligning
Error, needs to increase or decrease pad according to the registration of laser alignment instrument between main shaft erecting bed base 14 and foundation bolt 13
Piece, points out centering sexual deviation within zone of reasonableness in centering instrument, fastens the foundation bolt of main shaft erecting bed.
2.2 start main shaft, are not turned on cutting force automaton, are controlled with three-way vibration sensor detection cutting force automatically
Device processed vibration, there is deviation in radial position when illustrating that cutting force automaton is installed if there is abnormal vibrations value, pressure
Compeling to main shaft, the position in the horizontal direction with slight adjustment charger support on vertical direction at this moment being needed, until detecting
Vibration values only receive external environment influence, and numerical value is almost nil.
Two laser displacement sensors of 2.3 adjustment detection radial vibrations, make registration minimum, i.e., measurement point is perpendicular through axle
Line.
2.4 open spindle inverters, correct start main shaft dry running for a period of time, open the status monitoring in industrial computer
Software, and whether observe the state parameter that sensor detects normal, however, it is determined that errorless.Debugging and detection before then completing to test
Work.It is prepared to enter into the formal experimental stage.
Step 3：Reliability test simulated condition load test
3.1 load spectrum according to the main shaft random rotation that collects in step 1, analyze the requirement of tested main shaft loading condition,
When determining that in total testing time, experiment process and the flow process of reliability test, often step needs the test parameterss for setting and test
Between.
3.2 open tested main shaft and enter simulation loading pattern, respectively to reliability test cutting force size, cutting
Force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate are controlled.
If there is exception or fault alarm, hard stop in 3.3 state-detection softwares.According to detection signal, to tested master
Axle or assay device are checked, analysis is produced the reason for abnormal signal is mutated or fault that may be present, recorded data
In storehouse.Test carries out taxonomic revision and storage to test data after finishing every time, so as to the analysis in later stage.
Specific embodiment
Main shaft reliability test of the present invention and method are mainly made up of two large divisions, i.e. main shaft reliability examination
Experiment device part and main shaft reliability test method part.
First, main shaft reliability test part
Main shaft reliability test described in patent of the present invention, by main shaft erecting bed 8, cutting force automaton 7,
Cutting moment of torque charger, condition monitoring device and auxiliary equipment 5 modules are constituted.
Refering to Fig. 1, described main shaft reliability test composition structure inclusively black iron 1, oil-air lubrication controller 2,
Flow transducer 3, Hydraulic Station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, electric dynamometer 6, cutting force automaton 7, main shaft erecting bed 8,
Industrial computer 9.Wherein electric dynamometer 6, cutting force automaton 7, main shaft erecting bed 8 are on ground black iron 1.Oil gas moistens
Sliding controller 2, Hydraulic Station 4, cooling control cabinet 5, electric dynamometer 6 and industrial computer 9 are placed on ground.The function of critical piece
As follows：
Oil-air lubrication controller 2 adjusts the oil-air lubrication amount of the tested main shaft of supply according to the rule of reliability test method,
So as to simulate the oil-air lubrication amount in actual condition to main shaft；Flow transducer 3 is installed in oil-air lubrication controller 2 and Hydraulic Station
The exit of 4 fluid, realizes the function of traffic monitoring；Hydraulic Station 4 is that the tool-broaching mechanism inside tested main shaft provides pulling force, realizes
Change the function of simulation cutter 17；Cooling control cabinet 5 provides coolant for main shaft, wherein has flow control valve, can be according to demand
The flow of control coolant；Electric dynamometer 6 realizes the loading to main shaft simulation cutting moment of torsion；Cutting force automaton 7
Realize the loading to main shaft simulation cutting power size and direction；Main shaft erecting bed 8 is realized the installation to tested main shaft and is had
There is the adjustment function of position；Industrial computer 9 realizes the parameter acquisition to whole reliability test system and control function, while can
Show the operation conditions of testing stand in the display.
Refering to Fig. 2, described main shaft erecting bed embraces folder 10, main shaft 11, position base actuator 12, lower margin spiral shell comprising main shaft
Bolt 13, main shaft erecting bed base 14 constitute.The outer ring of the whole main shaft 11 of 10 machinery parcel of folder embraced by main shaft, realizes to tested main shaft
Fixing.14 supports main shaft of main shaft erecting bed base is embraced folder 10 and provides certain setting height(from bottom), and both are again by bolt connection.
The fine setting of major axis horizontal radial position realized by 4 position base actuators 12 using screw mechanism, is being examined using laser alignment instrument
After survey, 4 position base actuators can be adjusted respectively according to laser alignment instrument prompting position, realize level right with ground direction
In.Main shaft erecting bed base 14 is on ground black iron 1.When short transverse exists and misaligns, can be by increasing or decreasing ground
The alignment deviation of the pad adjustment vertical direction between foot bolt 13 and main shaft erecting bed base 14.In figure includes two laser positions
Displacement sensor 15, vertical distribution, main shaft being fixed on using magnetic force suction base embraces folder outer surface, adjustment position makes laser displacement sensor
15 laser heads are directed at tested main shaft apart from 15 most proximal end of laser displacement sensor so that the shift value minimum for being detected, can achieve
To main shaft circular runout and the isoparametric detection of rotating accuracy.Bearing loading device 16 is made up of with shell a pair of bearings, outward
There is a spherical pit on the loading surface of shell, coordinate with which so as to the loading bar 34 of 31 front end of piezoelectric ceramics loader.Simulation knife
Tool 17 be for cutter during analog main shaft actual cut, while facilitate the loading of cutting force and the cutting moment of torque, its one end with
Tool-broaching mechanism connection inside main shaft 11, the other end is attached by key with shaft coupling 18.The connection simulation cutter of shaft coupling 18
17 with the outfan of electric dynamometer 6, carry out the loading of the cutting moment of torque to tested main shaft 11 so as to electric dynamometer 6.
Refering to Fig. 3, described cutting force automaton adjusts machine by cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction
Structure, electromagnetic locking mechanism and the most of composition of charger support four.It is described as follows：
Refering to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, described cutting force size load maintainer by bearing loading device 16, motor 29,
Screw pair 30, piezoelectric ceramics loader 31, loading bar 34, rotary drive bearing block 35, one-level cutting force load maintainer base 36
Composition.First order cutting force in cutting force size is loaded and is realized by spiral load maintainer.Motor 29 is adopted with screw pair 30
Coaxially connected with shaft coupling, rotary drive bearing block 35 realizes fixation and guide function to screw pair 30.Screw pair 30 another
One end is connected with 31 tail end of piezoelectric ceramics loader, and the rotation of motor 29 carries dynamic pressure after screw pair switchs to linear motion
Electroceramics loader 31 does linear reciprocating motion on arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate 38.Therefore, when motor 29 rotates necessarily
During step angle, 31 straight forward movement certain distance of piezoelectric ceramics loader can be driven by screw pair 30.Due to stepping electricity
The step angle very little of machine, and worm drive have the function of deceleration force amplifier and reverse self-locking, the whole one-level cutting wrench of a force system adds
Mounted mechanism has larger rigidity and can apply larger constant force.It is to utilize piezoelectric ceramics that two grades of high frequency cutting force are loaded
The inverse piezoelectric effect of itself of loader 31, realizes high frequency loading.
Refering to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, described cutting force direction adjustment organization is by radiai adjustment mechanism and arc governor motion group
Become, by controlling the change controlled loading rod 34 of both direction and the space angle of bearing loading device 16, final realization is certain
In the range of loading to 11 space any direction of main shaft.
Refering to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, described cutting force radiai adjustment mechanism by radial rotary drive platform base 23,
Radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings 24, servo-electric push rod 25, radial rotary to drive platform top bearing block 26 to constitute.Radially
Rotation driving platform bottom bearings 24 are driven on platform base 23 installed in radial rotary, by servo-electric push rod 25 installed in radially
In rotation driving platform bottom bearings 24, servo-electric push rod 25 drives radial rotary to drive platform top bearing block to transport about 26
Dynamic, so that cutting force loading device skeleton 33 and its upper part is rotated around bearing 47, so that piezoelectric ceramics loader 31 is around receiving
The axis rotation of examination main shaft, so as to realize the regulation of loading bar 34 and main shaft radial angle.
Refering to Fig. 3, Fig. 6, described arc governor motion by cambered way 20, arc drive stepping motor 27, roller 37,
Arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate 38, arc-shaped rack 43, gear 44, roller support plate 45 are constituted.Three cambered ways 20 are installed in loading
On organization soleplate 22,38 bottom of arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate is provided with five roller support plates 45, and a middle slideway installs one
Roller support plate 45, two roller support plates 45 installed by the slideway on both sides.Each roller support plate 45 is separately installed with its four corners
One roller 37 so that roller 37 can be slided on cambered way 20, realize arcuate movement base plate 38 according to given arc
Track is moved, it is therefore an objective to so that loading bar 34 is pointed in the ball recess of bearing loading device 16 all the time.Arc drive stepping motor
27 drive gears 44 are moved according to the set rule of cambered way on arc-shaped rack 43, so that arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate 38
And its all parts on top press the set rule motion of cambered way, realize the cutting force loading side of cutting force automaton
To the regulation with main-shaft axis angle.
Refering to Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 7, described electromagnetic locking mechanism is by electromagnetic clutch 28, electromagnetic force stay 39, spring
Resetting shaft 40, guide post 41, locking friction plate 42 constitute.Electromagnetic clutch 28 adopts existing product, is fixed on arcuate movement machine
38 upper surface of structure base plate, built-in upper and lower two blocks of Magnet, upper magnet is fixed with own enclosure, and lower magnet is multiple with guide post 41 and spring
Position 40 upper end of axle is while connect firmly.41 lower end of guide post is connected with electromagnetic force stay 39,40 lower end elder generation of spring reset axle and electromagnetism
After power stay 39 connects, then pass through thread connection with locking friction plate 42；In the loaded state, PLC sends signal and causes electricity
Magnet clutch 28 is in "on" position, and the effect spring reset axle 40, electromagnetic force stay 39 due to electromagnetic force locks friction plate
42 move upwards, make friction plate with load maintainer floor firm contact.Due to the effect of frictional force, electromagnetic clutch 28, arc
Motion base plate 38,39 spring reset axle 40 of electromagnetic force stay, load maintainer floor 22, lock these parts of friction plate 42
Securely fix together, it is impossible to relative motion, so as to realize the locking of whole arc-shaped movement mechanism.Adjustment is needed to load force direction
When, PLC sends signal and causes 28 power-off of electromagnetic clutch, the effect of the spring force in spring reset axle 40 of electromagnetic force stay 39
Down in relaxed state, now locking friction plate 42 is in disengaged position with load maintainer base plate 22.So that arc adjustment mechanism
Can be with free movement.
Radiai adjustment mechanism utilizes 25 motor internal of the servo-electric push rod reverse self-locking characteristic of itself, so as to increase cutting
The rigidity of power automaton loading procedure.
Refering to Fig. 3, Fig. 8, described charger support is by load maintainer mounting bracket 19, column 21, load maintainer bottom
Plate 22, cutting force loading device skeleton 33, cutting force loading device shell 46, bearing 47 constitute.Whole cutting force is automatically controlled
Device one end is coordinated by bearing 47, is supported by load maintainer mounting bracket 19, and the other end is by the servo in radiai adjustment mechanism
Electric pushrod 25 is fixed, and is realized under SERVO CONTROL, and cutting force automaton is adjusted around the gyratory directions of 11 axis of main shaft.Plus
Mounted mechanism mounting bracket 19 is connected with ground black iron.
Refering to Fig. 9, the control principle of described cutting force automaton is as follows.Needed for being tested by mouse-keyboard
Parameter input industrial computer in, control parameter is transmitted to PLC, PLC output parameter to watching by industrial computer by RS232 communications protocol
Take driver.Control system needs to realize cutting force direction controlling, the locking control of cutting force direction and the control of cutting force size
Three parts.For cutting force direction controlling, servo-driver drives servo-electric push rod so as to realize cutting according to given rule
The motion of Xiao Li radiai adjustment mechanism, adjusts the radial position of cutting force automaton.Servo-driver control arc drive
Dynamic motor, realizes the motion of arcuate directions adjustment mechanism, so as to adjust the direction of cutting force automaton.Adjustment side
To after end, servo-driver outputs signal to solenoid, so that electromagnetic locking mechanism realizes locking.For cutting force
The control of size, is divided into two-stage Loading Control.During one-level is loaded, servo-driver controls step motor drive screw mechanism, makes
Piezoelectric ceramics loader integrally does feed motion.In the second level loads, servo-driver control piezoelectric ceramics loader is realized
High frequency cutting force is loaded.From feedback circuit, each module has sensor, so as to by positional value, shift value or pressure
Value realizes monitor in real time and closed loop control to quantity of state through being transmitted back to industrial computer by data collecting card after the filtering.
Refering to Figure 10, described main shaft reliability test is comprising cutting force automaton and state monitoring apparatus
Two parts.Cutting force automaton can complete cutting force size, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, coolant rate with
And the loading of bearing lubrication amount.Respectively using cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction control mechanism, electric dynamometer,
Coolant rate control valve and oil-air lubrication controller are realized.Realized to main shaft assay device simulated condition by these means
Loading.Condition monitoring device physical quantity to be detected has：Radial vibration, axial vibration, twisting vibration, electric current and temperature
Value.Eddy current displacement sensor, laser displacement sensor, current sensor and temperature sensor detection is respectively adopted, to obtain
Take the state parameter of main shaft reliability test.Application test platform coordinates fault diagnosis software, and can achieve can to main shaft
Assessment by property.
Refering to Figure 11, described main shaft reliability test method can be summarized as following steps：
Digit Control Machine Tool essential information, Cutting Process data and lathe operation feelings are obtained and are recorded first by on-the-spot test
Condition.Based on the inherent corresponding relation of machine cut power, the cutting moment of torque, rotating speed and cycle-index, analyzed by mathematical measure and locate
These initial load parameters of reason collection, are developed loading spectrum.Or simplified using the method establishment of equivalent actual condition
Loading spectrum.The rule of application load spectrum controls cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction control mechanism, electric power measurement of power respectively
Machine, coolant rate control valve and oil-air lubrication controller, realize the simulation to main shaft actual condition.Add reliability is carried out
Need before carrying test according to the loading spectrum that works out and test mission it needs to be determined that test period and flow process.
Need to carry out assay device debugging before main shaft reliability load test is carried out, logical with dynamometer machine including main shaft
The centering that crosses after shaft coupling is installed is adjusted, charger installation site is adjusted and the installation of sensor.After debugging, in order to
The performance of main shaft is weighed, and dry run test is carried out as the matched group of load test.Start main shaft, homogeneous in other experiment conditions
In the case of cause, required according to loading experiment, selecting main shaft normal revolution respectively carries out dry run test, tests in dry run
In, using the forward and reverse rotation of Frequency Converter Control main shaft, measure the speed of mainshaft using dynamometer machine, collect main-axis end vibration,
The volume of data such as bearing temperature, displacement, voltage, and record data in following table；Only after above-mentioned debugging passes through, just may be used
To carry out main shaft reliability test according to loading spectrum.
During main shaft failtests, the working order of monitor in real time main shaft is needed, once there is tested master in main shaft
Shaft portion function is lost, tested main shaft portion performance parameter beyond the scope for allowing in product technology condition, spindle rotor friction,
The fault such as main shaft is misaligned or machinery loosens or he abnormal when, need to shut down in time, after fault data is arranged, enroll main shaft failure
In data base, main shaft failure detection and maintenance platform is set up.Vibration signal or noise when being occurred according to the fault for collecting
Signal, is observed to signal with the conventional method for diagnosing faults such as Fourier transformation, wavelet analysises and S-transformation and is analyzed,
Main shaft failure feature is extracted, is judged state status of the main shaft under faulty and fault-free, analyze the event of tested main shaft further
Barrier type, subsequently assesses the reliability level of main shaft.
Heretofore described example is for the ease of the skilled person it will be appreciated that and applying the present invention, the present invention
A kind of simply example of optimization, or perhaps one kind preferably concrete technical scheme.If the technical staff of correlation is adhering to this
In the case of invention basic technical scheme, make the equivalent structure change for needing not move through creative work or various modifications all exist
In protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force is automatically controlled, is mainly controlled automatically by main shaft erecting bed (8), cutting force
Device (7) processed, cutting moment of torque charger, condition monitoring device and auxiliary equipment composition；It is characterized in that：
Main shaft erecting bed (8) embrace folder (10), main shaft (11) and main shaft erecting bed base (14) including main shaft；
The outer ring that folder (10) wraps main shaft (11) embraced by the main shaft, and main shaft erecting bed base (14) supports main shaft embraces folder
(10), main shaft erecting bed base (14) is on the ground black iron (1) in auxiliary equipment；
Cutting force automaton (7) are by cutting force size load maintainer, cutting force direction adjustment organization, electromagnetic locking
Mechanism and charger support composition：
The cutting force size load maintainer includes motor (29), screw pair (30), piezoelectric ceramics loader (31) and rotation
Turn drive bearing block (35)；
Rotary drive bearing block (35) is fixing screw pair (30), screw pair (30) one end and motor (29) be connected, spiral shell
The other end of rotation secondary (30) is fixedly connected with piezoelectric ceramics loader (31)；
The cutting force direction adjustment organization is divided into arc governor motion and radiai adjustment mechanism two parts；
The arc governor motion includes cambered way (20), arc drive stepping motor (27), roller (37), arcuate movement machine
Structure base plate (38), arc-shaped rack (43) and gear (44)；
The radiai adjustment mechanism include radial rotary drive platform base (23), radial rotary drive platform bottom bearings (24),
Servo-electric push rod (25), radial rotary drive platform top bearing block (26)；
Described motor (29) drive piezoelectric ceramics loader (31) in arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate by screw pair (30)
(38) linear reciprocating motion is done on；
Cambered way (20) are fixed on the load maintainer base plate (22) in charger support, arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate
(38) bottom is provided with roller (37), and roller (37) can be in the upper slip of cambered way (20)；
Arc drive stepping motor (27) drive gear (44) are above moved in arc-shaped rack (43), so that arcuate movement machine
Structure base plate (38) presses cambered way motion；
Rotation driving platform base (23) are fixed on ground black iron (1) upper surface, and the radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings
(24) it is fixed on radial rotary to drive on platform base (23), servo-electric push rod (25) drives platform bottom axle installed in radial rotary
In bearing (24), servo-electric push rod (25) drives radial rotary to drive platform top bearing block (26) to move up and down, charger
Cutting force loading device skeleton (33) in support is rotated around bearing (47), so that piezoelectric ceramics loader (31) is around tested master
The axis rotation of axle；
Described electromagnetic locking mechanism includes electromagnetic clutch (28)；
Described electromagnetic clutch (28) are on arc-shaped movement mechanism base plate (38)；
The cutting moment of torque charger includes electric dynamometer (6) and shaft coupling (18), shaft coupling (18) connection simulation cutter
(17) with electric dynamometer (6), so as to the tested main shaft (11) of simulation cutter (17) will be hold with electric dynamometer (6) even
Connect.
2. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force according to claim 1 is automatically controlled, it is characterised in that：
The condition detecting device includes flow transducer (3), laser displacement sensor (15), pressure transducer (32), electric current
Sensor and temperature sensor；
Flow transducer (3) is installed in oil-air lubrication controller (2) and the exit of Hydraulic Station (4) fluid；Laser displacement is sensed
Device (15) is fixed on main shaft and embraces on folder (10) shell；Pressure transducer (32) is installed on the loading in cutting force size load maintainer
The front portion of rod (34), current sensor is installed in the three-phase power line of tested main shaft；Temperature sensor is arranged at main shaft
(11) at shell or it is pre-loaded in main shaft (11)；
The auxiliary equipment also includes oil-air lubrication controller (2), Hydraulic Station (4), cooling control cabinet (5), industrial computer (9)；
Electric dynamometer (6), cutting force automaton (7), main shaft erecting bed (8) are on ground black iron (1)；Oil gas moistens
Sliding controller (2), Hydraulic Station (4), cooling control cabinet (5), industrial computer (9) are placed on the ground.
3. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force according to claim 1 is automatically controlled, it is characterised in that：
Cambered way (20) are provided with three；
Radial rotary drives platform bottom bearings (24) to be provided with two；
Radial rotary drives platform top bearing block (26) to be provided with two；
Electromagnetic clutch (28) is provided with two；
Bearing (47) is provided with two.
4. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force according to claim 1 is automatically controlled, it is characterised in that：
The main shaft erecting bed also includes position base actuator (12), and position base actuator (12) utilize screw mechanism
The fine setting of major axis horizontal radial position is realized, after detecting using laser alignment instrument, position can be pointed out according to laser alignment instrument
Adjustment position base actuator, realizes the centering of horizontal direction；
Described electromagnetic locking mechanism also includes that electromagnetic force stay (39), spring reset axle (40), guide post (41), locking rub
Pad (42)；
Electromagnetic clutch (28) built-in upper and lower two blocks of Magnet, upper end Magnet is fixed with own enclosure, lower end Magnet and guiding
Bar (41) and spring reset axle (40) upper end are while connect firmly, guide post (41) and spring reset axle (40) lower end are locked with electromagnetic force
Piece (39) connects, and spring reset axle (40) bottom is connected with locking friction plate (42)；
Electromagnetic force stay (39) are provided with two panels；
Spring reset axle (40) is provided with two；
Guide post (41) is provided with two；
Friction lock piece (42) is provided with two panels.
5. the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force according to claim 1 is automatically controlled, it is characterised in that：
Described cutting force size load maintainer also includes bearing loading device (16)；
Bearing loading device (16) are made up of with shell a pair of bearings, and the loading surface of shell has a spherical pit, so as to
The loading bar (34) of piezoelectric ceramics loader (31) front end is coordinated with spherical pit.
6. the test method of the main shaft reliability test that a kind of cutting force as claimed in claim 1 is automatically controlled, which is special
Levy and be, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Load is obtained and is processed with state parameter；
1.1 to be respectively mounted cutting tension gauge, torque meter and flow transducer (3) at the scene on machine tool chief axis actual so as to collection
Duty parameter；
1.2 by the cutting force size for collecting, cutting force direction, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate data
It is stored in the software database of acquisition system, the stochastic parameter that different lathes are collected is assigned in certain period of time, system
It is made random rotation and loads spectrum；
1.3 by may move storage medium or telecommunication network, the random rotation of establishment is loaded spectrum or existing loading spectrum is transferred to
In the industrial computer (9) of the main shaft reliability test that cutting force is automatically controlled；
Step 2：Detected before the main shaft reliability test work automatically controlled by cutting force and debugged；
2.1 foundation bolts (13) for unclamping main shaft erecting bed (8), using laser alignment instrument, detect main shaft erecting bed (8) and electric power
The centering of dynamometer machine (6), and adjustment main shaft erecting bed base (14) for being indicated according to laser alignment instrument, if on altitude azimuth
Occurring error is misaligned, needs main shaft erecting bed base (14) and foundation bolt to be increased or decreased according to the registration of laser alignment instrument
(13) pad between, points out centering sexual deviation within zone of reasonableness in centering instrument, fastens the lower margin of main shaft erecting bed (8)
Bolt (13)；
2.2 start main shaft, are not turned on cutting force automaton, automatically control dress with three-way vibration sensor detection cutting force
Vibration being put, if there is deviation more than radial position when illustrating if there is abnormal vibrations value that cutting force automaton is installed, being pressed
Compel to main shaft, in the horizontal direction with the slight position for adjusting charger support on vertical direction, until the vibration values for detecting
Almost nil；
Two laser displacement sensors (15) of 2.3 adjustment radial vibration detections, make detected value minimum, i.e. measurement point for axle most
Overall diameter；
2.4 open spindle inverters, correct start main shaft dry running for a period of time, the status monitoring that opens in industrial computer is soft
Part, whether the state parameter that observation sensor is detected is normal, however, it is determined that errorless, then complete the debugging before experiment and detection work
Make, be prepared to enter into step 3；
Step 3：The main shaft reliability test simulated condition load test that cutting force is automatically controlled；
3.1, according to the requirement of tested main shaft loading condition, determine total testing time, experiment process and the flow process of reliability test
In often step need set test parameterss and test period；
3.2 open tested main shaft and enter simulation loading pattern, respectively to reliability test cutting force size, cutting force side
To, the cutting moment of torque, oil-air lubrication amount and coolant rate be controlled；
If there is exception or fault alarm, hard stop in 3.3 state-detection softwares；According to detection signal, to tested main shaft or
Assay device is checked, analysis is produced the reason for abnormal signal is mutated or fault that may be present, recorded in data base；
Test carries out taxonomic revision and storage to test data after finishing every time, for the analysis in later stage.
7. the main shaft reliability test method that a kind of cutting force according to claim 6 is automatically controlled, it is characterised in that：
Digit Control Machine Tool essential information described in step 1 includes lathe model and numbering, the speed of mainshaft, feed speed, servo-drive
Power of motor, tool magazine capacity；
Cutting Process data include processing content, piece count, processing mode, cutter and handle of a knife model, cutting speed, back of the body penetration of a cutting tool
Amount and cutting width；
Lathe ruuning situation includes the operation order of classes or grades at school of lathe, the downtime that causes because of machine failure and recovers use time.
8. the main shaft reliability test method that a kind of cutting force according to claim 6 is automatically controlled, it is characterised in that：
Loading spectrum in the step 1.3 refers to that the inherence based on machine cut power, the cutting moment of torque, rotating speed and cycle-index is corresponding
Relation, is analyzed and processes these initial load parameters of collection, developed loading spectrum by mathematical measure；Or using etc.
The method establishment of effect actual condition simplifies loading spectrum；The rule of application load spectrum controls cutting force size load maintainer respectively, cuts
Force direction controlling organization, electric dynamometer, coolant rate control valve and oil-air lubrication controller is cut, is realized to main shaft reality
The simulation of operating mode；Loading spectrum and the test mission according to establishment is needed before reliability load test is carried out it needs to be determined that when testing
Between and flow process.
9. the main shaft reliability test method that a kind of cutting force according to claim 6 is automatically controlled, it is characterised in that：
Debugged before the main shaft reliability test work automatically controlled by cutting force logical with dynamometer machine including main shaft
The centering that crosses after shaft coupling is installed is adjusted, charger installation site is adjusted and the installation of sensor；
After debugging, in order to the performance of main shaft is weighed, dry run test is carried out as the matched group of load test；Start main shaft,
In the case that other experiment conditions are all consistent, required according to loading experiment, selecting main shaft normal revolution respectively carries out dry run
Test, in dry run test, using the forward and reverse rotation of Frequency Converter Control main shaft, measures the speed of mainshaft using dynamometer machine, adopts
Collect main-axis end vibration, bearing temperature, displacement, voltage volume of data, and record data in table；Only when above-mentioned tune
After pinging, just can carry out, according to loading spectrum, the main shaft reliability test that cutting force is automatically controlled.
10. the main shaft reliability test method that a kind of cutting force according to claim 6 is automatically controlled, it is characterised in that：
Analysis described in step 3.3 is produced the reason for abnormal signal is mutated or fault that may be present is referred to：
Vibration signal or noise signal when being occurred according to the fault for collecting, becomes with Fourier transformation, wavelet analysises and S
The method for diagnosing faults for changing is observed to signal and is analyzed, and extracts main shaft failure feature, judges main shaft faulty and without reason
State status under barrier, analyze fault type, the between-failures parameter of tested main shaft further, are that the reliability for assessing main shaft is carried
For basis.
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