CN106441612B - Friction pair three-point fusion temperature measurement system and temperature measurement method - Google Patents
Friction pair three-point fusion temperature measurement system and temperature measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004861 thermometry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012706 support-vector machine Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction pair three-point fusion temperature measurement system and a temperature measurement method, wherein the temperature measurement system comprises a sensing detection system, a signal acquisition system and a software system, the sensing detection system comprises a pre-buried temperature measurement sensor, a preset temperature measurement sensor and an infrared temperature measurement sensor, the signal acquisition system comprises a PLC, an industrial communication bus and a computer, and the software system comprises a display interface and a fusion temperature measurement model. The invention adopts three methods of pre-buried temperature measurement, preset temperature measurement and infrared temperature measurement to measure the temperatures of three different positions near the friction pair contact interface, and combines the information fusion technology to obtain the actual temperature of the friction interface on the basis of respectively carrying out initial correction treatment on the defects of the three temperature measurement methods. The invention belongs to the technical field of temperature test, and can comprehensively reflect the temperature information of a friction pair contact interface and realize accurate detection and real-time monitoring of the temperature of the friction pair contact interface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of temperature testing, and particularly relates to a friction pair three-point fusion temperature measuring system and a temperature measuring method.
Background
When the friction pair is in a contact motion state, frictional heat is necessarily generated due to the friction force of the contact surface. The influence of working conditions on friction and wear performance is often caused by friction temperature rise, and the mechanical properties and the lubricating properties of a plurality of materials are changed along with the temperature rise of a friction interface, so that the tribological behavior of the materials is influenced. It can be said that the temperature of the friction contact interface directly affects various important performances such as friction coefficient, thermal characteristics, durability and the like of the friction pair, so that the temperature detection of the friction pair contact interface is particularly critical.
Currently, friction pair temperature measurement systems are mostly used for approximately obtaining temperature information of a friction contact interface by arranging temperature measurement points around the friction pair contact interface. The temperature measuring methods mainly include a contact type temperature measuring method represented by a pre-buried temperature measuring method, a preset temperature measuring method, and the like, and a non-contact type temperature measuring method represented by an infrared temperature measuring method. For example, the search finds: the temperature of the friction surface is measured by adopting a method of embedding thermocouples in the patents CN101319986A and CN 201955162U; in the friction pair temperature measuring devices designed by the patent CN201859023U and the patent CN202133538U, a preset temperature measuring method of attaching a thermocouple to the surface of the friction pair is adopted to measure the temperature of the friction pair; the patent CN203231817U and the patent CN204440188U adopt an infrared temperature measurement method to realize the measurement of the contact interface temperature of the friction pair. However, the temperature measurement method captures temperature information of only a certain position or a few positions near the friction pair, and is not directly from the contact area of the friction surface, so that a certain deviation exists between the temperature measurement result and the actual situation. For example, a certain distance exists between a temperature measuring point of the pre-embedded temperature measuring method and a temperature measuring point of the pre-set temperature measuring method and a friction surface, the temperature measuring result is often low, and the phenomenon of temperature hysteresis exists; the infrared temperature measurement method is greatly influenced by factors such as environment, and the complex dynamic environment in the friction process often causes fluctuation phenomenon of the temperature measurement result, thereby seriously influencing the temperature measurement precision.
Although a plurality of temperature measuring methods are proposed to be intensively used in the temperature measuring system of the same friction pair, for example: the friction pair temperature measuring systems designed by the patent CN104964760A and the patent CN104155020A simultaneously use an embedded thermocouple temperature measuring technology and an infrared temperature measuring technology, but in practical application, the two temperature measuring methods are simply combined, the results of the two temperature measuring methods are not organically fused, in addition, in the temperature measuring error treatment, simple calibration is only carried out, and the accuracy and the stability of temperature measurement are not improved well.
Therefore, the invention designs the friction pair three-point fusion temperature measuring system, and on the basis of respectively correcting the defects of the three temperature measuring methods, the three temperature measuring methods and the information fusion technology are further effectively combined and applied to the designed temperature measuring system, so that the actual temperature of the friction pair contact interface can be accurately obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention discloses a three-point fusion temperature measuring system of a friction pair, which can be widely applied to temperature detecting systems of various friction pairs such as a brake friction pair and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a friction pair three-point fusion temperature measurement system comprises a sensing detection system, a signal acquisition system and a software system; the sensing detection system comprises a pre-buried temperature sensor, a preset temperature sensor and an infrared temperature sensor; the signal acquisition system comprises a PLC, an industrial communication bus and a computer; the software system comprises a display interface and a fusion temperature measurement model.
The embedded temperature sensor, the preset temperature sensor and the infrared temperature sensor capture and convert temperature information near the friction pair contact interface into an electric signal, the electric signal is output to the signal acquisition system, the electric signal is transmitted to the computer through the industrial communication bus after being processed by the PLC, the display interface of the software system realizes the display and storage of the acquired temperature information, and the actual temperature of the friction pair contact interface is obtained by calling the fusion temperature measurement model.
The sensing detection system captures temperature information of a friction pair contact interface and converts the temperature information into an electric signal to be output; the signal acquisition system performs amplification, filtering, A/D conversion and other treatments on signals input by the sensor, reduces the interference of various external noise signals, processes acquired information and transmits the processed information to the computer; and the software system display interface realizes the display and storage of the acquired temperature information, and the actual temperature of the friction pair contact interface is obtained by calling the fusion temperature measurement model.
Further, the embedded temperature measuring sensor is arranged in an even piece which is pretreated by the friction pair, the friction even piece is usually static so as to be convenient for arranging and leading the sensor, and the embedded measuring point is arranged at the center of the friction pair so as to measure the average temperature of a friction interface; the embedded temperature sensor is a thermocouple temperature sensor.
Further, a temperature measuring probe of the preset temperature measuring sensor is arranged in a non-friction area near the contact surface of the friction pair, and a preset measuring point is arranged on one side of the friction pair moving part, which is away from the friction contact area, and is usually within 3cm from the contact area of the friction surface; the preset temperature sensor is a thermocouple temperature sensor.
Further, the infrared temperature measuring sensor selects a contact area of the friction pair as a temperature measuring view field, the view field is arranged on one side, away from the friction contact area, of a moving part near the friction pair, and the infrared temperature measuring sensor is an infrared temperature sensor.
The invention also provides a three-point fusion temperature measurement method of the friction pair, which is characterized in that three methods, namely a pre-buried temperature measurement method, a preset temperature measurement method and an infrared temperature measurement method, are adopted to measure the temperatures of three different positions near a contact interface of the friction pair, a group of multi-source temperature information is formed, so that the temperature characteristics of the friction pair are comprehensively reflected, and the actual temperature of the friction interface is obtained by combining an information fusion technology on the basis of respectively correcting the defects of the three temperature measurement methods.
Further, there is a certain deviation between the measured data and the actual temperature values of the three temperature measuring sensors, so as to effectively reduce the influence of the deviation on the fusion temperature measuring model through corresponding correction processing, and the correction processing process can be embedded into the fusion temperature measuring model, and the specific correction processing scheme is as follows:
1) According to the tribology knowledge and the related law of heat conduction, deducing a deviation law between the temperature of a friction interface and the temperature of a pre-buried measuring point, and correcting the deviation between the pre-buried temperature measuring method and the actual temperature of the friction interface caused by the temperature gradient effect of a friction pair;
2) Correcting deviation between the preset temperature measurement method and the actual temperature of the friction interface caused by that the temperature of the preset measuring point is lagged behind the temperature of the friction interface by adopting modes such as linear regression;
3) And a sampling digital filtering technology is adopted to improve the temperature fluctuation phenomenon of the infrared temperature measurement method caused by photoelectric interference.
Further, the fusion temperature measurement model is established as follows:
step one, determining sample set data; in the model, the training sample set tr and the test sample set te are composed of three inputs and one output, and the input samples are temperature sequences T obtained by correcting the data obtained by the three temperature sensors A 、T B 、T C The output sample is a standard temperature rise temperature sequence T D Typically, the set of standard temperature rise sequences can be obtained by performing a simulation test;
step two, preprocessing; the four temperature sequences T are processed A 、T B 、T C 、T D Normalizing to convert the sample data into numbers in the range of 0-1 to obtain new temperature sequence T * A 、T * B 、T * C 、T * D The influence of different magnitudes on the fusion model is avoided;
thirdly, reasonably selecting important model parameters;
training the fused temperature measurement model by using the training sample set data tr after normalization processing;
fifthly, checking the trained model by using the checked sample set data te after normalization processing; and checking whether the temperature measurement precision can meet the requirement, and if the temperature measurement precision does not meet the requirement, reselecting model parameters, and training and checking the model until a satisfactory fusion temperature measurement model is obtained.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the three most commonly used friction pair temperature measuring methods are applied to the temperature measuring system in a concentrated mode, initial correction treatment is carried out on defects of the three temperature measuring methods, a fusion temperature measuring model is designed, and the actual temperature of a friction pair contact interface can be accurately obtained according to the temperatures measured by the three temperature measuring sensors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a friction pair three-point fusion temperature measurement system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a brake friction pair three-point fusion temperature measurement system with a disc structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pre-buried temperature sensor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a temperature monitoring software display interface;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart for establishing a support vector machine fusion temperature measurement model.
The brake disc comprises a brake disc, 002, a friction plate, 100, a sensing detection system, 101, an embedded temperature measurement sensor, 102, a preset temperature measurement sensor, 103, an infrared temperature measurement sensor, 200, a signal acquisition system, 201, a PLC,202, an industrial communication bus, 203, a computer, 300, a software system, 301, a display interface, 302, a fusion temperature measurement model, A, a friction torque-time curve, B, a fusion temperature-time curve, C, an infrared temperature measurement-time curve, D, a preset temperature measurement-time curve, E and an embedded temperature measurement-time curve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by taking a disc-structured braking friction pair as an example.
As shown in fig. 1, the friction pair three-point fusion temperature measurement system of the invention comprises a sensing detection system 100, a signal acquisition system 200 and a software system 300; the sensing detection system 100 comprises a pre-buried temperature sensor 101, a preset temperature sensor 102 and an infrared temperature sensor 103; the signal acquisition system 200 comprises a PLC201, an industrial communication bus 202 and a computer 203; the software system 300 includes a display interface 301 and a fused thermometry model 302.
The embedded temperature sensor 101, the preset temperature sensor 102 and the infrared temperature sensor 103 capture temperature information of the friction pair contact interface and convert the temperature information into an electric signal, the electric signal is output to the signal acquisition system 200, the electric signal is processed by the PLC201 and then is transmitted to the computer 203 through the industrial communication bus 202, the display interface 301 of the software system 300 realizes display and storage of the acquired temperature information, and the actual temperature of the friction pair contact interface is obtained by calling the fusion temperature measurement model 302.
The embedded temperature sensor 101 is arranged in the matched part pretreated by the friction pair. The temperature measuring probe of the preset temperature measuring sensor 102 is arranged in the area near the friction surface of the matching part. The infrared temperature sensor 103 is arranged in the friction pair contact area in an infrared field.
The measuring point positions of the three sensors are further described below with reference to fig. 2 and 3, taking a disc brake as an example.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the thermocouple sensor is embedded in the friction plate 002 in advance to a certain depth, so as to realize the arrangement and installation of the embedded temperature sensor 101; a thermocouple sensor is pre-arranged at the position of the surface friction radius of the brake disc 001 so as to realize the arrangement and installation of a preset temperature measurement sensor 102; the contact area of the brake disc 001 and the friction plate 002 is selected as the field of view for infrared temperature measurement, so as to realize the arrangement and installation of the infrared temperature measurement sensor 103.
Specifically, the embedded temperature sensor 101 selects a thermocouple screw, the middle friction radius position of the friction plate 002 is drilled and modified, the thermocouple screw is installed in the friction plate 002 in a threaded connection mode, and the position of the sensor probe is about 5mm away from the friction surface; when the preset temperature sensor 102 is installed, the distance between the sensor probe and the brake disc 001 needs to be properly adjusted, so that a contact piece on the sensor probe is just attached to the surface of the brake disc 001, a preset thermocouple is arranged near a contact area of a brake pair, and the sensor probe is installed on one side of the brake disc 001 away from a friction contact area when rotating; the infrared temperature sensor 103 is mounted on the adjustable device, and by changing its position to find the most suitable infrared field of view, when the position is adjusted, the friction contact area can be heated by a heat source, the change of temperature is observed to determine the most suitable position of the infrared sensor 103, and the infrared temperature field of view is arranged on one side of the brake disc 001 away from the friction contact area when rotating.
The invention also provides a three-point fusion temperature measurement method of the friction pair, which is characterized in that three methods, namely a pre-buried temperature measurement method, a preset temperature measurement method and an infrared temperature measurement method, are adopted to measure the temperatures of three different positions near a contact interface of the friction pair, a group of multi-source temperature information is formed to comprehensively reflect the temperature characteristics of the friction pair, the actual temperature of the contact interface of the friction pair is obtained by combining the information fusion technology on the basis of respectively correcting the defects of the three temperature measurement methods, and the temperature value is displayed and stored on a computer.
The three temperature sensors have certain deviation between measured data and actual temperature values, and the influence of the deviation on the fusion temperature measurement model is effectively reduced through corresponding correction processing, and the correction processing process can be embedded into the fusion temperature measurement model, and the specific correction processing scheme is as follows:
1) According to the tribology knowledge and the related law of heat conduction, deducing a deviation law between the temperature of a friction interface and the temperature of a pre-buried measuring point, and correcting the deviation between the pre-buried temperature measurement and the actual temperature of the friction interface caused by the temperature gradient effect of a friction plate;
2) Correcting deviation between the preset temperature measurement and the actual temperature of the friction interface caused by that the temperature of the preset measuring point is lagged behind the temperature of the friction interface by adopting a linear regression mode and the like;
3) And (3) a sampling digital filtering technology to improve the infrared temperature measurement temperature fluctuation phenomenon caused by photoelectric interference.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 4, the display interface 301 is written by LabVIEW, the fusion temperature measurement model 302 is constructed by a support vector machine algorithm written by MATLAB, the correction processing programs of the three temperature measurement methods are embedded into the fusion temperature measurement model, and the LabVIEW calls the programs in the MATLAB through MATLAB Script node technology.
As shown in fig. 5, taking a fused temperature measurement model constructed by a support vector machine algorithm as an example, the model construction steps are as follows:
step one, determining sample set data; in the present model, the training sample set tr and the test sample set te are both composed of three inputs and one output: the input sample is a temperature sequence T obtained by processing the data obtained by the three temperature measuring sensors A 、T B 、T C Output sample is the standardQuasi-temperature rise temperature sequence T D The standard temperature rise temperature sequence can be obtained by carrying out a simulation test;
step two, data preprocessing; for the four sets of temperature sequences T A 、T B 、T C 、T D Normalization processing, which converts sample data into numbers in the range of 0-1 to obtain a new sequence T * A 、T * B 、T * C 、T * D To avoid the influence of different temperature values on the fusion model;
thirdly, reasonably selecting important support vector machine fusion model parameters such as kernel function parameters, penalty factors and the like by using methods such as cross validation and the like;
training the fused temperature measurement model by using the training sample set data tr after normalization processing;
fifthly, checking the trained model by using the checked sample set data te after normalization processing; and checking whether the temperature measurement precision meets the requirement, and if the temperature measurement precision does not meet the requirement, reselecting the model parameters of the support vector machine, and training and checking the model until a satisfactory fusion temperature measurement model is obtained.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above with no limitation, and the actual construction is not limited to this, but only one of the embodiments of the invention is shown in the drawings. In summary, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical solution should not be creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The friction pair three-point fusion temperature measuring method comprises a friction pair three-point fusion temperature measuring system, wherein the friction pair three-point fusion temperature measuring system comprises a sensing detection system (100), a signal acquisition system (200) and a software system (300); the sensing detection system (100) comprises an embedded temperature sensor (101), a preset temperature sensor (102) and an infrared temperature sensor (103); the signal acquisition system (200) comprises a PLC (201), an industrial communication bus (202) and a computer (203); the software system (300) comprises a display interface (301) and a fusion thermometry model (302);
the embedded temperature measuring sensor (101), the preset temperature measuring sensor (102) and the infrared temperature measuring sensor (103) capture temperature information of a friction pair contact interface and convert the temperature information into an electric signal, the electric signal is output to the signal acquisition system (200), the electric signal is transmitted to the computer (203) through the industrial communication bus (202) after being processed by the PLC (201), the display interface (301) of the software system (300) realizes the display and storage of the acquired temperature information, and the actual temperature of the friction pair contact interface is obtained by calling the fusion temperature measuring model (302);
the method comprises the steps of measuring temperatures of three different positions near a friction pair contact interface by adopting three methods, namely a pre-buried temperature measurement method, a preset temperature measurement method and an infrared temperature measurement method, and obtaining the actual temperature of the friction interface by combining an information fusion technology on the basis of respectively carrying out initial correction treatment on defects of the three temperature measurement methods;
it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the fusion temperature measurement model (302) is established as follows:
step one, determining sample set data; in the model, the training sample set tr and the test sample set te are composed of three inputs and one output, and the input samples are the temperature sequences T of the data measured by the three temperature sensors after the correction A 、T B 、T C The output sample is a standard temperature rise temperature sequence T D Typically, the set of standard temperature rise sequences can be obtained by performing a simulation test;
step two, preprocessing; the four temperature sequences T are processed A 、T B 、T C 、T D Normalizing to convert the sample data into numbers in the range of 0-1 to obtain new temperature sequence T # A 、T* B 、T* C 、T* D The influence of different magnitudes on the fusion model is avoided;
thirdly, reasonably selecting important model parameters;
training the fused temperature measurement model by using the training sample set data tr after normalization processing;
fifthly, checking the trained model by using the checked sample set data te after normalization processing; checking whether the temperature measurement precision can meet the requirement, if not, reselecting model parameters, and training and checking the model until a satisfactory fusion temperature measurement model is obtained;
the data measured by the three temperature measuring sensors are subjected to corresponding correction processing to effectively reduce the influence of deviation on the fusion temperature measuring model (302), and the correction processing process can be embedded into the fusion temperature measuring model (302), and the specific correction processing scheme is as follows:
1) According to the tribology knowledge and the related law of heat conduction, deducing a deviation law between the temperature of a friction interface and the temperature of a pre-buried measuring point, and correcting the deviation between the pre-buried temperature measuring method and the actual temperature of the friction interface caused by the temperature gradient effect of a friction pair;
2) Correcting deviation between the preset temperature measurement method and the actual temperature of the friction interface caused by that the temperature of the preset measuring point is lagged behind the temperature of the friction interface by adopting a linear regression mode;
3) And a sampling digital filtering technology is adopted to improve the temperature fluctuation phenomenon of the infrared temperature measurement method caused by photoelectric interference.
2. The three-point fusion temperature measurement method of the friction pair according to claim 1, wherein the embedded temperature measurement sensor (101) is arranged in an even piece which is pretreated by the friction pair, and the even piece is usually static so as to arrange and lead the sensor, and the embedded measurement point is arranged in the center of the friction pair so as to obtain the average temperature of a friction interface.
3. The three-point fusion temperature measurement method of the friction pair according to claim 1, wherein a temperature measurement probe of the preset temperature measurement sensor (102) is arranged in a non-friction area near a contact interface of the friction pair, and the preset measurement point is arranged on one side of a moving part of the friction pair, which is away from the friction contact area, and is generally within 3cm from the contact area of the friction surface.
4. The three-point fusion temperature measurement method of the friction pair according to claim 1, wherein the infrared temperature measurement sensor (103) selects a contact area of the friction pair as a temperature measurement field, and the field is arranged on one side, away from the friction contact area, of a moving part near the friction pair.
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| CN108414105B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-12-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | Dynamic temperature measurement method for simulation and test coupling of dry friction pair |
| CN114888247B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2023-01-06 | 河南农业大学 | Method for testing corresponding relation between temperature at temperature measuring hole in sand casting and actual temperature |
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